1127:
988:
1204:. In Khorasan with its clerical center of Mashhad, the women's maktabs came under the aegis of the state-run Centre for Management of Women's Seminaries of Khorasan. In the rest of the country, women's seminaries were integrated into the Centre for Management of Women's Seminaries (Markaz-e Modiriat-e Ḥawzahā-ye ʿElmiyya Khwaharān). Since the mid-1990s the latter center has established more than 300 seminaries across Iran (before the revolution less than a dozen existed in the entire country).
1529:
1501:
1487:
1515:
1031:
783:
1022:. After witnessing a peak of some 20,000 students in the 60s, then around 3000 because of the State repression, since 2003, the Najaf hawza has now more than 13,000 students, while the curriculum has been updated to include many modern subjects as well as inter faith and inter sectarian initiatives.
1719:
FIQH and FUQAHA - An
Introduction to Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Containing Forty Four Life Sketches of the Great Past Masters, Published by the WORLD FEDERATION OF KHOJA SHIA ITHNAASHERI MUSLIM COMMUNITIES
2073:"Assessing Muslim Higher Education and Training Institutions (METIs) and Islamic Studies Provision in Universities in Britain: An Analysis of Training Provision for Muslim Religious Leadership after 9/11"
1865:Ḥ. Modarresī Ṭabāṭabāʾī, "Madāres-e qadīm-e Qom," Waḥīd 8, 1349 Š./1970, pp. 201-06, 409-11; 9, 1350, Š./1971, pp. 126-29, 383-87, 1015-20, 1247-52, 1767-72; 10, 1351 Š./1972, pp. 34-39, 199-206.;
2211:
1868:
Chardin, VI, pp. 326-27. Al-Ḏarīʿa. M. Fāżel, "Madāres-e qadīm-e Mašhad," Waḥīd 9, 1349 Š./1970, pp. 1450-53, 1661-68, 1773-78; 10, 1951 Š./1972, pp. 40-44, 207-13, 283-88, 274-79, 675-79.;
2106:
958:
2204:
1758:
2197:
1283:. Additionally, AMI's 'Transfer Student Scheme' enables students from other Islamic institutions to also join the programme and pursue the MA degree.
2147:
2002:
1593:
2103:
1665:
1200:
in Iran, the state began to centralize the women's hawza system. The women's seminaries in Qom were centralized into one large school, the
1567:
252:
1605:
811:
247:
1717:
1774:
1733:
2169:
1633:
192:
1010:(385 AH/995 CE – 460 AH/1067 CE), and continued as a center of study until the establishment of modern Iraq in 1921. At present
768:
2339:
1143:
1874:
A. Baḵšāyešī, Yakṣad sāl mobāreza-ye rūḥānīyat-e motaraqqī, 4 vols., Qom, 1361 Š./1982., IV, pp. 68-88, 154-58. *quoted in
2334:
2329:
1155:
1126:
507:
867:
is found in Arabic as well as the
Persian language. In Arabic, the word means "to hold something firmly". Accordingly,
673:
1377:
663:
197:
1940:(eds.), The Moral Economy of the Madrasa, Islam and Education Today, (Oxon & New York: Routledge, 2011), p. 32-57
1755:
1190:
2220:
1916:
Mirjam Künkler and Roja
Fazaeli, "The Life of Two Mujtahidas: Female Religious Authority in 20th Century Iran", in
1699:
698:
1073:
639:
1280:
1015:
733:
281:
222:
67:
1877:
1871:
H. Solṭānzāda, Tārīḵ-e madāres-e Īrān az ʿahd-e bāstān tā taʾsīs-e Dār al-fonūn, Tehran, 1364 Š./1985., index;
1835:
1806:
564:
2125:, by Abdelmalik Badruddin Eagle (translation of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad al-Husayni al-Shirazi's work
1936:
Keiko
Sakurai, "Women's empowerment and Iranian-style seminaries in Iran and Pakistan," in Keiko Sakurai and
1679:
879:
in
Persian, therefore, means "the place of knowledge". Another meaning of the word is "circle of knowledge".
2184:
1460:
1456:
1233:
1069:
693:
324:
319:
1076:
and is barely a century old. As of 1975, major madrasas in Qom which offered religious education included
871:
would mean a place where the firm knowledge (of the Muslim religion) is acquired. In the
Persian language,
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987:
804:
359:
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995:
962:
542:
2174:
1182:
2303:
729:
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354:
232:
174:
83:
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1048:
dating back as early as 10th century CE, the hawza of the city became prominent at the time of the
242:
202:
47:
1651:
2258:
2026:"The Training and Development of Muslim Faith Leaders: Current Practice and Future Possibilities"
1862:
M. M. J. Fischer, Iran. From
Religious Dispute to Revolution, Cambridge, Mass., 1980., pp. 81-84;
1217:
966:
763:
588:
1272:
127:
58:
2025:
1921:
1601:
1520:
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in the West particularly in the United
Kingdom. One of longest established hawza in the UK is
1011:
797:
787:
444:
157:
142:
122:
78:
1794:کتاب النقض، عبدالجلیل بن ابی الفتح، ص 164؛ تاریخ مذهبی قم، علی اصغر فقیهی، قم، چ حکمت، ص 167.
1154:
were trained. In Qom, the earliest seminary for women was established by the grand ayatollah
2084:
1652:"حوزة in English - Translation and Meaning in English Arabic Dictionary of All terms Page 1"
1264:
1019:
883:
688:
644:
294:
102:
1267:, employing a critical and academic approach. Courses are primarily taught in English with
2268:
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1937:
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1703:
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1312:
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1201:
1197:
1171:
841:
829:
683:
573:
152:
2324:
1737:
1410:
Once the basic studies have been completed, students may begin preparation to become a
1167:
1159:
1096:
traditional madrasas which incorporate some modern elements in the curricula include:
1053:
991:
668:
629:
527:
187:
112:
1979:
1637:
1528:
2318:
2293:
2110:
906:. However, several smaller hawzas exist in other cities around the world, such as at
634:
599:
502:
132:
117:
107:
2189:
1562:
1398:
1364:
1357:
1177:
Outside Qom, women's seminaries included Maktab-e Fatema of Fasa (opened in 1961),
1163:
1061:
1034:
604:
537:
517:
93:
1247:
The Hawza
Programme is at the core of AMI's educational offerings. Modeled on the
1319:. Once these studies have been completed, they may begin preparation to become a
2248:
2231:
1572:
1506:
1492:
1057:
1007:
982:
649:
512:
147:
137:
2122:
1110:
Since the revolution of 1979 new madrasas have been founded in Qom, including
1056:
became the official religion of Iran. The famous teachers of that era included
1482:
1316:
1308:
1248:
970:
51:
2288:
2283:
1186:
1065:
584:
497:
466:
419:
409:
1980:"The Study of Shia Islam in British Academia: Some Preliminary Reflections"
1542:
857:
724:
569:
1920:, ed. Masooda Bano and Hilary Kalmbach (Brill Publishers, 2012), 127–160.
1803:
M. Rāzī, Āṯār al-ḥojja, volume 1. pp. 1-28, Qom, 1332 Š./1953; quoted in
1714:
1240:
educational institute (hawza) with the objective of combining traditional
1030:
1467:
for considerable amount of time, publish collection of juridical edicts (
1426:
1411:
1320:
1241:
1151:
1131:
1049:
1041:
947:
903:
853:
738:
522:
486:
364:
237:
2152:
2089:
2072:
1918:
Women, Leadership and
Mosques: Changes in Contemporary Islamic Authority
1696:
1514:
782:
2278:
2263:
2003:"Western seminary: On transnational Shiite higher education in Britain"
1666:"A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary - Francis Joseph Steingass"
1547:
1338:
1228:
935:
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954:
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262:
182:
35:
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language instruction. The programme culminates in eligibility for a
1765:, Christoph Marcinkowsi, Nayang Technological University, Singapore
2298:
2236:
1371:
1296:
1260:
1237:
1125:
1029:
1014:
heads Hawza 'Ilmiyya Najaf, which includes two other Ayatollahs -
1003:
986:
939:
887:
394:
384:
314:
309:
304:
289:
267:
227:
34:. For the settlement in Western Sahara sometimes spelt Hawza, see
2046:
1220:(AMI). Founded in 1993 by Shaykh Arif Abdulhussain, who received
902:, are the preeminent seminary centers for the education of Shi'a
1344:
1292:
1139:
923:
911:
899:
891:
299:
2193:
1429:
one has to excel in the advanced levels of the Hawza including
1256:
1045:
895:
424:
2157:
2113:, Written by Samir Al-Haidari, Monday, 25 December 2006 20:53
1950:
2148:
Towards an Understanding of the Shiite Authoritative Sources
1636:. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from
1594:"11. Epilogue: Competing Conceptions of Religious Education"
1232:
from Ayatollah Hussain Amini and Ayatollah Professor Sayyid
1138:
There are also a number of women's hawza, mostly located in
2142:
1598:
Schooling Islam: The Culture and Politics of Modern Muslim
1006:, Iraq was established in 430 AH (the 11th century AD) by
1334:
Subjects studied at the hawza may include the following:
2179:
1907:, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 2003, p.196
1189:
in 1965), Zahra-i Athar of Tehran (opened in 1966), and
1756:
Thinkin ahead: Shi'ite Islam in Iraq and its seminaries
1680:"Shiite Clergy Education: History of the Hawza Ilmiyya"
973:
for those wanting to practice law in Islamic courts.
2123:
What is Islam? Beliefs, principles and a way of life
1455:
is the last level of hawzah and this level leads to
1244:scholarship with modern academic study approaches.
2104:
The Concept of Ijtihad in Accordance to Shi'i Islam
1158:, who in 1973 added a women's section to his hawza
30:For the Islamic religious seminary in general, see
2143:Al-Mahdi Institute Hawza Programme, Birmingham, UK
875:refers to the middle part of a place or an area.
1697:Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on Hawza Studies
994:(current chancellor of Hawza 'Ilmiyya Najaf) and
1414:by studying advanced ancient textbooks known as
1471:) and become recognised as one (by established
1291:Hawza students begin their studies by learning
1121:
848:) is the collective term (plural hawzat) for a
2024:Mohamed Mukadam; Alison Scott-Baumann (2010).
1829:
1827:
2205:
2033:Communities and Local Government Publications
805:
8:
1878:"EDUCATION v. THE MADRASA IN SHIʿITE PERSIA"
1859:For madrasas in Qom and other centers, see
1836:"EDUCATION v. THE MADRASA IN SHIʿITE PERSIA"
1807:"EDUCATION v. THE MADRASA IN SHIʿITE PERSIA"
1775:Najaf's Shiite seminaries enter 21st century
1323:by studying advanced old textbooks known as
2158:Research centre of Hawza Ilmiyya, Qom, Iran
1600:. Princeton University Press. p. 242.
1311:, natural and abstract sciences as well as
1150:ran a women's section where several female
1068:(since 1340 AH/1921 CE) was revitalized by
2212:
2198:
2190:
1905:Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution
1628:
1626:
1624:
886:constitute the hawza. The institutions in
812:
798:
72:
42:
2088:
1727:
1725:
1170:opened a women's wing in 1974/75, called
1389:al-Qur'an (interpretation of the Qur'an)
1122:Hawza 'Ilmiyya Khwaharan (Women's Hawza)
998:(ex-chancellor of Hawza 'Ilmiyya Najaf).
1715:http://www.al-islam.org/fiqh/chap2.html
1584:
91:
57:
1973:
1971:
1751:
1749:
1747:
7:
2170:About the Hawza Ilmiyya of Qom, Iran
1876:Zaryāb, ʿAbbās (9 December 2011) .
1834:Zaryāb, ʿAbbās (9 December 2011) .
1805:Zaryāb, ʿAbbās (9 December 2011) .
1568:Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom
845:
833:
1634:"Hawza - Advanced Islamic Studies"
1263:, it offers training in classical
1142:. Already in the early 1800s, the
25:
1736:. Mideast Monitor. Archived from
1395:'Ulum al-Qur'an (Qur'an sciences)
1236:, Al-Mahdi Institute began as an
1207:
2221:Islamic educational institutions
2185:Hawza - Advanced Islamic Studies
1527:
1513:
1499:
1485:
1418:, and research courses known as
1327:, and research courses known as
781:
2175:Imam Hossain University (Howza)
1684:Fondazione Internazionale Oasis
2001:Van Den Bos, Matthijs (2015).
1592:Qasim Zaman, Muhammad (2010).
969:, a hawza also functions as a
480:Other related sects and groups
1:
1401:(principles of jurisprudence)
1193:of Mashhad (opened in 1966).
1106:Imam Amīr-al-Moʾmenīn (1975),
1181:of Shiraz (opened in 1964),
1156:Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari
950:, Europe and North America.
769:Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism
508:Bektashism and folk religion
1978:Scharbrodt, Oliver (2020).
1367:(evaluation of biographies)
1212:There are also a number of
976:
2356:
1208:Hawza 'Ilmiyya in the West
1191:Madrase-ye 'Elmīyya Narges
980:
764:List of Twelver Shia books
29:
2227:
2129:first published in 1960s)
1074:Grand Ayatollah Borujerdi
1025:
660:Other hadith collections
640:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih
2163:11 February 2021 at the
2153:Hawza Ilmiyya, Qom, Iran
1383:Lugha (language studies)
1281:University of Birmingham
1083:the traditional Fayżīya,
1016:Mohammad Ishaq Al-Fayyad
68:The Fourteen Infallibles
1903:Michael M. J. Fischer,
1761:10 October 2017 at the
1734:"Shiites and Democracy"
1234:Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad
1103:Golpāyegānī (1965), and
1080:Ḥaqqānī (founded 1964),
1070:Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi
694:Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
664:Book of Sulaym ibn Qays
1785:تاریخ مذهبی قم، ص 131.
1558:List of current maraji
1185:of Isfahan (opened by
1135:
1037:
999:
2340:Single-gender schools
1882:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1840:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1811:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1702:26 April 2010 at the
1129:
1100:Dār al-tablīḡ (1965),
1044:academies existed in
1033:
996:Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei
990:
981:Further information:
858:Shi'a Muslim scholars
788:Shia Islam portal
223:Imamate of the Family
2335:Lists of law schools
2071:Shah, Jawad (2019).
1341:(Islamic philosophy)
977:Hawza 'Ilmiyya Najaf
679:Reality of Certainty
355:Mourning of Muharram
233:Mourning of Muharram
2330:Islamic terminology
2090:10.3390/rel10110623
1374:(Islamic mysticism)
360:Arba'een Pilgrimage
2259:Islamic University
2051:Al-Mahdi Institute
2007:Social Compass. 62
1218:Al-Mahdi Institute
1136:
1038:
1026:Hawza 'Ilmiyya Qom
1002:Hawza 'Ilmiyya in
1000:
953:In countries with
623:Hadith collections
2312:
2311:
2127:Ma-huwa 'l-Islam?
2047:"Hawza Programme"
1732:Sreeram Chaulia.
1521:Shia Islam portal
1463:one has to teach
1406:Advanced subjects
1317:Arabic literature
1012:Ayatollah Sistani
822:
821:
718:and jurisprudence
325:Nahy ani l-Munkar
165:
164:
16:(Redirected from
2347:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2191:
2180:Alqaem Institute
2130:
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2114:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2021:
2015:
2014:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1984:Al-Ameed Journal
1975:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
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1857:
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1801:
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1741:
1740:on 26 June 2008.
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1640:on 8 March 2011.
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1488:
1469:risala 'amaliyya
1392:Tarikh (history)
1265:Islamic sciences
1183:Maktab-e Fatimah
1020:Bashir al-Najafi
884:Grand Ayatollahs
847:
835:
814:
807:
800:
786:
785:
689:Mafatih al-Jinan
674:Wasā'il al-Shīʿa
645:Tahdhib al-Ahkam
248:Wilayat al-Faqih
73:
43:
21:
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2165:Wayback Machine
2139:
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2121:
2117:
2109:7 July 2011 at
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2018:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1959:
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1949:
1948:
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1938:Fariba Adelkhah
1935:
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1763:Wayback Machine
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1553:Lists of maraji
1535:politics portal
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
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1500:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1453:Bahath e Kharij
1408:
1347:(jurisprudence)
1289:
1277:Islamic Studies
1273:Master's degree
1210:
1202:Jamiat al-Zahra
1198:1979 revolution
1172:Maktab-e Tawhid
1124:
1117:Maktab-e Zahrā.
1040:Although large
1028:
985:
979:
882:Several senior
877:Ḥawzah ʿilmīyah
869:ḥawzah ʿilmīyah
838:ḥawzah ʿilmīyah
818:
780:
775:
774:
773:
758:
750:
749:
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734:The Infallibles
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684:Nahj al-Balagha
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348:Other practices
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320:Amr bi-l maʿrūf
284:
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217:
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59:Twelver Shi'ism
39:
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2137:External links
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1465:dars e khaarij
1459:, to become a
1431:Muqad'dim'maat
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1287:Hawza subjects
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1179:Maktab-e Zahra
1168:Haghani school
1160:Dar al-Tabligh
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2054:. Retrieved
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1738:the original
1710:
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1638:the original
1611:. Retrieved
1597:
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1563:Qom Seminary
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1443:'Uloom ukhra
1442:
1439:Sotooh 'Ulya
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1365:Ilm ar-Rijal
1358:Ilm al-Kalam
1354:(traditions)
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1166:. Next, the
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1137:
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1062:Shaykh Bahai
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1035:Qom Seminary
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952:
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862:
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605:Hojatoleslam
579:
543:Ni'matullāhī
518:Qalandariyya
365:Intercession
253:Usul al-fiqh
238:Intercession
94:Twelve Imams
40:
2249:Darul uloom
2232:Almajiranci
2083:(11): 623.
2056:21 December
1960:21 December
1955:Shaykh Arif
1887:5 September
1845:5 September
1816:5 September
1613:4 September
1573:Hawza Najaf
1507:Iran portal
1493:Iraq portal
1249:curriculums
1146:madrasa in
1058:Mulla Sadra
1054:Shi'a Islam
983:Hawza Najaf
967:Afghanistan
714:Sources of
650:Al-Istibsar
558:Scholarship
513:Malamatiyya
491:Sufism and
378:Holy cities
243:Occultation
193:Prophethood
2319:Categories
1579:References
1360:(theology)
1309:philosophy
1242:seminarian
1196:After the
971:law school
846:حوزة علمیة
528:Bektashism
183:Monotheism
175:Principles
52:Shia Islam
2289:Pesantren
2284:Nezamiyeh
2077:Religions
2013:(2): 241.
1457:Marja'iya
1279:from the
1187:Lady Amin
1162:, called
1152:mujtahids
1144:Salehiyya
1130:Hawza in
1092:Rażawīya,
1066:Qom hawza
863:The word
739:Consensus
585:Ayatollah
503:Safaviyya
498:Qizilbash
420:Kadhimiya
410:Jerusalem
282:Practices
153:al-Askari
118:al-Sajjad
2161:Archived
2107:Archived
1990:(4): 78.
1759:Archived
1700:Archived
1479:See also
1427:mujtahid
1425:To be a
1412:mujtahid
1350:'Ilm al-
1321:mujtahid
1132:Nishapur
1050:Safavids
963:Pakistan
957:such as
948:Pakistan
904:scholars
856:) where
854:seminary
699:Al-Amali
523:Hurufism
487:Alawites
158:al-Mahdi
133:al-Kazim
128:al-Sadiq
123:al-Baqir
79:Muhammad
48:a series
46:Part of
2279:Madrasa
2269:Khalawi
2264:Khanqah
1926:1884209
1548:Madrasa
1380:(Logic)
1339:Falsafa
1251:of the
1238:Islamic
1229:ijtihād
936:Lucknow
932:Lebanon
920:Mashhad
916:Isfahan
908:Karbala
850:madrasa
730:Hadiths
716:ijtihad
610:Ijtihad
595:Allamah
587: (
572: (
493:Alevism
467:Shaykhi
455:Akhbari
445:Ja'fari
415:Samarra
405:Mashhad
400:Karbala
335:Tabarri
330:Tawalli
258:Ijtihad
198:Imamate
188:Justice
148:al-Naqi
143:al-Taqi
138:ar-Rida
84:Fatimah
32:Madrasa
2304:Zawiya
2274:Kuttab
2242:Talibe
1924:
1604:
1543:Marja'
1473:Maraji
1461:marja'
1435:Sotooh
1420:kharij
1387:Tafsir
1378:Mantiq
1352:Hadith
1329:kharij
1313:Arabic
1305:tafsir
1301:hadith
1269:Arabic
1253:ḥawzah
1214:ḥawzah
1148:Qazvin
965:, and
944:Lahore
928:Beirut
873:ḥawzah
865:ḥawzah
852:(i.e.
842:Arabic
830:Arabic
744:Reason
725:Qur'an
570:Marja'
538:Galibi
533:Rifa`i
438:Groups
390:Medina
263:Taqlid
228:Angels
113:Husayn
36:Haouza
18:Hawzah
2325:Hawza
2299:Surau
2294:Qawmi
2254:Hawza
2237:Daara
2035:: 45.
2029:(PDF)
1416:sat'h
1372:Irfan
1325:sat'h
1297:kalam
1261:Najaf
1223:ijāza
1052:when
1042:Shi'a
1004:Najaf
940:India
888:Najaf
836:) or
826:hawza
580:Hawza
462:Alevi
450:Usuli
395:Najaf
385:Mecca
315:Jihad
310:Khums
305:Zakat
290:Salat
268:Irfan
108:Hasan
2058:2023
1962:2023
1922:SSRN
1889:2023
1847:2023
1818:2023
1615:2023
1602:ISBN
1445:and
1345:Fiqh
1315:and
1293:fiqh
1259:and
1140:Iran
1086:Ḵān,
1072:and
1060:and
1018:and
959:Iran
924:Iran
918:and
912:Iraq
900:Iran
894:and
892:Iraq
834:حوزة
589:list
574:list
300:Hajj
295:Sawm
92:The
2085:doi
1475:).
1275:in
1257:Qom
1255:of
1226:of
1046:Qom
922:in
896:Qom
732:of
565:Law
425:Qom
103:Ali
50:on
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2079:.
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2049:.
2031:.
2011:62
2009:.
2005:.
1986:.
1982:.
1970:^
1953:.
1880:.
1838:.
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1809:.
1746:^
1724:^
1682:.
1623:^
1596:.
1449:.
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38:.
20:)
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