1076:
1080:
1034:
589:
36:
952:
1024:
1013:
506:
151:
1047:
753:
required an interrupted screw breech. This, combined with the slightly longer barrel, resulted in a slightly improved range but also a lower rate of fire. At the same time, the petrol-fueled auxiliary power unit was exchanged with a diesel-fueled one, allowing it to use the same fuel as the towing
777:
The FH77 is manoeuvred by the gun layer, controlling the torque of the two main wheels through a joystick. Speed is regulated by changing the auxiliary power unit's revolutions per minute. The howitzer is deployed by spreading the trail legs, raising the castor wheels and driving the howitzer in
794:
auxiliary power unit, which gives the gun a top speed of 7 km/h. The engine is connected to three hydraulic pumps, of which two are linked to the wheels and one is used for a traverse, elevation, ramming and ammunition crane. The fuel tank could hold 40 litres, with two extra 20L
774:-crane for ammunition handling. The howitzer's auxiliary power unit can be started and controlled by the driver of the towing vehicle to give an extra boost during off-road driving. The maximum towing speed is 70 km/h (45 mph).
705:
was offered and tested. Though the price was low, the
Swedish Arms Administration found that the high maintenance costs, the low rate of fire and the limited mobility of the M109 made it worth the effort to develop a domestic howitzer.
897:
of less than 10 meters that are compatible with firing from
Haubits FH77 without the need for modification. Utilizing fin stabilization, canard control, and a three-mode fuse operation, the shell will be guided by
1055:
was developed after studying this gun and released in 2019. It is a 45 caliber gun and has a range of 38 km apart from other modernization like ballistic calculations, inbuilt gun-control-computer, sighting
1410:
738:
ammunition) could fire 4 rounds in 9 seconds, or 6 rounds in 25 seconds. In a sustained firing role, it could fire 6 rounds every two minutes for 20 minutes (i.e. 3 rounds per minute).
1357:
1455:
939:
This resulted in India not exercising the option for 48 additional FH77B, instead these guns were acquired by the
Swedish army and have now been converted into the
870:
1168:
1406:
1223:
1127:
1271:
566:, some FH77A were modified into FH 77 AD L/45, while the series production were FH77Bs rebuilt into FH77 BW L/52. The carriage was also used for the
1246:
1204:
1100:
824:
Loader 2 and 3 would be working on the ground, providing shells to loader 1 by means of a hydraulic crane and loading cases in the loading trough.
567:
818:
The layer sits on the left hand side of the gun, operating the fire control computer and driving the howitzer when in self-deployment mode.
1305:
799:
as a reserve in front of the gun layer's position. The FH77B has the same configuration, but is powered by a
Mercedes-Benz diesel engine.
1327:
881:
propulsion that can cover 60 km+ range. The shell will use precision guidance kit for trajectory correction. IIT Madras is ensuring that
1380:
1353:
821:
Loader 1 is located to the right hand side of the gun and is in charge of supplying the shells from the loading table in front of him.
680:
119:
836:
The FH77A uses the m/77 (42 kg) 155mm HE shell combined with a plastic casing, containing six propellant charge increments.
614:
57:
694:
661:
100:
610:
53:
633:
72:
1445:
599:
807:
The crew consists of 10–14 men. The minimum crew setup would be 4 men; commander, gun layer, loader 1 and loader 2.
640:
79:
979:
618:
603:
46:
1450:
1279:
921:
721:
647:
86:
1149:
1460:
996:
940:
894:
771:
563:
874:
405:
1208:
1104:
629:
68:
734:
The rate of fire was, at the time, exceptionally high for a 155 mm howitzer. The FH77A (which uses
380:
986:
barrel and lower rate of fire as a result of a modified breech block to use NATO-compatible ammunition.
742:
728:
551:
386:
983:
969:
847:
1440:
1052:
1000:
929:
928:, and several other members of the Swedish and Indian governments, who were accused of receiving
750:
746:
735:
372:
344:
1301:
1331:
917:
559:
367:
1384:
791:
487:
893:
IIT Madras is working with
Munitions India to develop 155 mm Smart Artillery Shells with a
882:
654:
439:
93:
375:
ammunition, propellant charge is contained in a plastic cartridge case with a steel head
999:– self-propelled FH77B-version with a 52 calibre gun mounted on the chassis of a Volvo
911:
851:
811:
The commander directs all the activity of the crew from a platform to the left of the
1434:
1051:
India – 410 acquired from 1986–1991. 200 left in service. An improved howitzer named
763:
702:
1028:
Sweden – Approximately 220 FH77 delivered to the
Swedish Army between 1979 and 1984.
925:
779:
425:
397:
296:
1224:"IIT-M working on next-gen Ramjet-powered 155mm artillery shells for Indian Army"
1128:"IIT-M working on next-gen Ramjet-powered 155mm artillery shells for Indian Army"
770:
40). The truck was equipped with a crew compartment behind the driving cab and a
588:
35:
951:
866:
862:
843:
546:
in India. There were several versions, the original (sometimes referred to as
461:
415:
312:
205:
17:
741:
In order to use standard NATO ammunition, the FH77B was developed. While the
1407:"Army to soon induct indigenous artillery gun 'Dhanush' a.k.a 'desi bofors'"
1012:
920:
that occurred between Sweden and India during 1980s and 1990s, initiated by
812:
505:
150:
1247:"IIT-M and Munitions India to develop smart ammo for 155mm artillery guns"
839:
The FH77B uses standard NATO 155mm ammunition with bagged drive charges.
796:
535:
292:
164:
1038:
1033:
357:
693:
In the 1960s, Sweden started to look for a replacement for the French
1023:
933:
878:
539:
532:
349:
220:
1046:
1011:
968:– original baseline version with the Volvo B20A petrol engine and
950:
899:
504:
466:
60 km+ (using Ramjet
Propelled Artillery Shell, under development)
1153:
936:
for winning a bid to supply India's 155 mm field howitzer.
877:(RCI) are working on redesigning an existing 155 mm shell using
133:
582:
132:
Not to be confused with
British-German-Italian towed howitzer
29:
514:
1354:"Murky Competitions for Indian Howitzer Orders May End Soon"
1330:. South Asia Defence & Strategic Review. Archived from
494:
902:. Its range will be 8 km at minimum and 38 km at maximum.
924:
politicians and implicating the Indian prime minister,
1381:"Higher calibre artillery gun to be ready by 2013:MoD"
1169:"Kargil: How Bofors guns made Pakistan eat humble pie"
827:
Loader 3 is normally the driver of the towing vehicle.
1077:"25 years of India's 'Watergate': The Bofors scandal"
720:
The result was a compromise between a more expensive
727:The FH77 was the first field howitzer featuring an
493:
483:
474:
hydraulically powered flick rammer assisted loading
470:
456:
448:
438:
424:
414:
404:
393:
379:
366:
356:
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226:
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183:
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170:
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141:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
762:The dedicated towing vehicle for the FH77 was the
731:to make it self-propelled for tactical movement.
434:sustained 3 revolutions per minute for 20 minutes
871:Armament Research and Development Establishment
846:ammunition developed for the FH77B, as well as
724:and a less mobile conventional towed howitzer.
1094:
1092:
1090:
8:
444:300 to 770 m/s (980 to 2,530 ft/s)
617:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
326:Combat: 9.73 m (31 ft 11 in)
307:Combat: 11.60 m (38 ft 1 in)
1456:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
138:
709:The requirements for a new gun would be:
681:Learn how and when to remove this message
570:, used in the Swedish coastal artillery.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
558:version with a 39 calibre barrel and an
1068:
542:. It is also colloquially known as the
318:5.89 m (19 ft 4 in) L/38
1272:"What the Bofors scandal is all about"
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
749:acting as a seal, it was decided that
1413:from the original on 25 February 2016
7:
1360:from the original on 25 January 2013
615:adding citations to reliable sources
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1167:Dutta, Prabhash K. (26 July 2019).
521:
1308:from the original on 14 April 2010
25:
1222:MP, Sidharth (21 February 2020).
1126:MP, Sidharth (21 February 2020).
955:Haubits FH77/B of the Indian Army
420:30° left or right from centreline
1245:MP, Sidharth (5 February 2024).
1045:
1032:
1022:
858:Ramjet Propelled Artillery Shell
587:
538:, developed and manufactured by
449:Effective firing range
149:
34:
1101:"Swedish 155mm Field Howitzers"
1016:Map with FH77 operators in blue
916:The Bofors scandal was a major
560:interrupted ogival screw breech
550:) with a 38 calibre barrel and
45:needs additional citations for
562:. For the demonstrator of the
460:24 km (15 mi) (with
457:Maximum firing range
259:
195:
1:
1041:– 48 FH77B purchased in 1980.
273:
27:Swedish 155 mm towed howitzer
889:155 mm Smart Artillery Shell
885:can manufacture the shells.
716:High momentary rate of fire.
703:M109 self-propelled howitzer
1205:"Startsida | Chalmers"
695:Obusier de 155 mm Modèle 50
1477:
909:
790:The FH77A is powered by a
131:
478:
338:
171:Place of origin
148:
980:Mercedes-Benz OM-616.918
978:– export version with a
525: Field Howitzer 77
389:block, hydraulic ramming
1328:"Artillery Booms Again"
1150:"Fälthaubits 77 - FH77"
997:Archer Artillery System
991:Vehicle-mounted variant
941:Archer Artillery System
722:self-propelled howitzer
564:Archer Artillery System
552:sliding block mechanism
452:21 km (13 mi)
432:6 rounds in 25 seconds,
1017:
956:
875:Research Centre Imarat
778:reverse to anchor the
574:Design and development
515:
510:
430:4 rounds in 9 seconds,
426:Rate of fire
1302:"Arms trade register"
1015:
954:
842:Both are able to use
758:Driving and deploying
745:worked well with the
554:, the export version
508:
1409:. 8 September 2015.
1211:on 27 February 2005.
906:Controversy in India
786:Auxiliary power unit
729:auxiliary power unit
611:improve this section
440:Muzzle velocity
136:of the same caliber.
54:improve this article
1446:Artillery of Sweden
1387:on 16 December 2014
1334:on 27 November 2015
1107:on 27 February 2005
1083:on 5 January 2016.
1053:Dhanush (howitzer)
1018:
1001:articulated hauler
957:
850:cluster round and
511:
400:with castor wheels
212:Production history
155:The Haubits FH77/A
1282:on 28 August 2012
918:political scandal
701:F). The American
691:
690:
683:
665:
503:
502:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1468:
1451:155 mm artillery
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1383:. Archived from
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1278:. Archived from
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1207:. Archived from
1201:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1156:on 7 April 2018.
1152:. Archived from
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1103:. Archived from
1096:
1085:
1084:
1079:. Archived from
1073:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1026:
900:NavIC satellites
848:Bofors 155 Bonus
686:
679:
675:
672:
666:
664:
623:
591:
583:
526:
523:
518:
496:
471:Feed system
261:
246:$ 695,000 (1986)
153:
144:
139:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1431:
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1427:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1400:
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1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
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1325:
1321:
1311:
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1300:
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1295:
1285:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1098:
1097:
1088:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1044:
1031:
1021:
1010:
993:
982:diesel engine,
962:
949:
914:
908:
891:
883:Munitions India
860:
834:
805:
788:
760:
687:
676:
670:
667:
624:
622:
608:
592:
581:
576:
524:
479:
465:
433:
431:
339:
184:In service
179:Service history
156:
143:Haubits FH77/A
142:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1474:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1461:Bofors scandal
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1424:
1398:
1371:
1345:
1319:
1293:
1263:
1237:
1214:
1185:
1159:
1141:
1118:
1099:Mats Persson.
1086:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1042:
1029:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
992:
989:
988:
987:
973:
961:
958:
948:
945:
912:Bofors Scandal
910:Main article:
907:
904:
890:
887:
859:
856:
854:guided round.
852:M982 Excalibur
833:
830:
829:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
804:
801:
787:
784:
759:
756:
751:bagged charges
718:
717:
714:
713:High mobility.
689:
688:
630:"Haubits FH77"
595:
593:
586:
580:
577:
575:
572:
516:Fälthaubits 77
509:Haubits FH77/A
501:
500:
497:
495:Maximum speed
491:
490:
485:
481:
480:
476:
475:
472:
468:
467:
458:
454:
453:
450:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
428:
422:
421:
418:
412:
411:
408:
402:
401:
395:
391:
390:
387:sliding breech
383:
377:
376:
370:
364:
363:
360:
354:
353:
347:
341:
340:
336:
335:
332:
328:
327:
324:
320:
319:
316:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
289:
285:
284:
283:Specifications
280:
279:
271:
267:
266:
263:
256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
244:
243:Unit cost
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
187:1978 – present
185:
181:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
154:
146:
145:
128:
127:
69:"Haubits FH77"
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Haubits FH77/A
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1473:
1462:
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1457:
1454:
1452:
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1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1429:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1386:
1382:
1379:Ritu Sharma.
1375:
1372:
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1320:
1307:
1303:
1297:
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1020:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1002:
998:
995:
994:
990:
985:
981:
977:
974:
971:
967:
964:
963:
960:Towed variant
959:
953:
946:
944:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
913:
905:
903:
901:
896:
888:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
855:
853:
849:
845:
840:
837:
831:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
810:
809:
808:
802:
800:
798:
793:
785:
783:
781:
780:recoil spades
775:
773:
769:
765:
764:Scania SBA111
757:
755:
752:
748:
747:cased charges
744:
743:sliding-block
739:
737:
732:
730:
725:
723:
715:
712:
711:
710:
707:
704:
700:
696:
685:
682:
674:
663:
660:
656:
653:
649:
646:
642:
639:
635:
632: –
631:
627:
626:Find sources:
620:
616:
612:
606:
605:
601:
596:This section
594:
590:
585:
584:
578:
573:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:
531:is a Swedish
530:
519:
517:
507:
498:
492:
489:
488:Volvo B20 APU
486:
482:
477:
473:
469:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
441:
437:
429:
427:
423:
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348:
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329:
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306:
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298:
295:(25,400
294:
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113:
110:February 2013
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1428:
1415:. Retrieved
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:the original
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1332:the original
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:the original
1275:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1217:
1209:the original
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1162:
1154:the original
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:the original
1081:the original
1071:
975:
965:
938:
926:Rajiv Gandhi
915:
892:
861:
841:
838:
835:
806:
789:
776:
767:
761:
740:
733:
726:
719:
708:
698:
692:
677:
668:
658:
651:
644:
637:
625:
609:Please help
597:
555:
548:Haubits 77 A
547:
543:
528:
513:
512:
315: length
291:11,500
275:
235:Manufacturer
192:Used by
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1417:17 February
1364:21 February
1338:21 February
1312:21 February
1173:India Today
873:(ARDE) and
865:along with
671:August 2022
398:split trail
385:Vertically
262: built
1435:Categories
1063:References
984:39-caliber
970:38-caliber
867:IIT Kanpur
863:IIT Madras
844:base bleed
832:Ammunition
797:jerry-cans
736:semi-fixed
641:newspapers
544:Bofors gun
462:base bleed
373:semi-fixed
206:Kargil War
80:newspapers
1441:Howitzers
1304:. SIPRI.
1230:22 August
1134:22 August
1008:Operators
934:Bofors AB
930:kickbacks
813:gun layer
792:Volvo B20
754:vehicle.
598:does not
406:Elevation
254:1978–1984
196:Operators
1411:Archived
1358:Archived
1306:Archived
1276:IBN Live
947:Variants
922:Congress
536:howitzer
464:-round)
416:Traverse
410:-5°/+70°
394:Carriage
276:Variants
270:Variants
251:Produced
227:Designed
217:Designer
165:Howitzer
1286:1 March
1256:6 March
1178:9 April
1111:10 July
1039:Nigeria
972:barrel.
699:Haubits
655:scholar
619:removed
604:sources
579:History
522:transl.
358:Caliber
334:9 to 14
94:scholar
1391:16 May
1226:. WION
1130:. WION
976:FH77 B
966:FH77 A
879:ramjet
657:
650:
643:
636:
628:
556:FH77 B
540:Bofors
533:155 mm
499:6 km/h
484:Engine
381:Breech
368:Action
362:155 mm
350:155 mm
313:Barrel
304:Length
238:Bofors
221:Bofors
174:Sweden
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
932:from
662:JSTOR
648:books
568:KARIN
527:) or
345:Shell
323:Width
101:JSTOR
87:books
1419:2016
1393:2012
1366:2013
1340:2013
1314:2013
1288:2015
1258:2024
1251:WION
1232:2022
1180:2022
1136:2022
1113:2009
1056:etc.
803:Crew
772:HIAB
634:news
602:any
600:cite
529:FH77
352:NATO
331:Crew
288:Mass
274:See
230:1978
202:Wars
161:Type
134:FH70
73:news
895:CEP
768:Tgb
613:by
265:720
260:No.
56:by
1437::
1356:.
1274:.
1249:.
1188:^
1171:.
1089:^
943:.
869:,
782:.
297:lb
293:kg
1421:.
1395:.
1368:.
1342:.
1316:.
1290:.
1260:.
1234:.
1182:.
1138:.
1115:.
1003:.
815:.
766:(
697:(
684:)
678:(
673:)
669:(
659:·
652:·
645:·
638:·
621:.
607:.
520:(
299:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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