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constructed. Each was decorated appropriately with dioramas up to 6 metres deep, panoramas, and lighting effects, and served appropriate food; it was an early example of modern theme dining or experiential gastronomy. While the main shows took place in the ballroom, each theme restaurant also had musicians of the appropriate origins on staff to complete the dining experience, including at least six dance bands. A central kitchen occupied the entire top floor, connected to the different dining establishments by pneumatic tubes, through which orders came up, and dumbwaiters, by means of which food was sent down and dirty dishes sent back up; conveyor belts at kitchen level transferred the dishes to be machine washed, dried and stacked. The whole was run on
American-influenced principles of industrial efficiency. It published a house magazine called
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744:, it became the Deutsches Cafehaus (German Coffeehouse), and he and Zeitz among others state that the entire building was renamed Haus Vaterland in 1914; Hänsel and Schmitt, p. 193, also implies this, saying that the cinema became the Kammerlichtspiele im Haus Vaterland in 1914, and Kreimeier, p. 43, refers to it as "the Fatherland House (formerly the Piccadilly)" in 1919. However, according to Green, the building was Haus Potsdam for 16 years. Also Elfi Pracht,
228:). Its combination of spectacle, variety performances, international dining and cinema was unique. Large sees it as having been "a kind of proto-Disney World". The building could accommodate up to 8,000 people; the 4,454 square metres of theme restaurants had a capacity of 3,500 people and Café Vaterland was the largest in the world; the one millionth guest was recorded in October 1929, barely a year after the opening.
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256:. In 1943 the building was damaged, particularly in the central section, in the British night Air-raid on the nights of 22 and 23 November that destroyed much of the centre of the city including the department store KaDeWe.. On 3 February 1945 it was bombed out by the U.S.A.A.F. during a daylight raid, only the walls left standing.
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506:. A troupe of twenty "Rhine maidens" danced between the tables under hoops twined with grape vines. Hourly thunderstorms were created by lighting and sound effects; one American visitor reputedly "beam like a movie theater façade on Broadway" when told about this. The establishment used the motto:
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bought the building as part of 8.5 hectares of land to build a road, and had it demolished in 1976. The 600 tonnes of iron and steel were sold as scrap. In the mid-1980s artists and members of the alternative culture converted the wasteland, which had been used for dumping and parking, into a
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or UfA, which owned the site, was headquartered there; but the lower floors contained a 1,196-seat cinema, called the
Lichtspieltheater im Piccadillyhaus or the Kammerlichtspiele im Haus Potsdam (Cinematograph in the Piccadilly House, Moving Pictures in Haus Potsdam), and the Café Piccadilly. The
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The cinema, from about 1920 renamed UFA-Haus am
Potsdamer Platz, was moved and enlarged to 1,415 seats in Stahl-Urach's renovation. The auditorium was strikingly modern, on a circular plan and with vibrant red carpeting and gold-painted wooden trim on the seats. It was one of five Berlin cinemas
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describes it as "a beacon of commercial kitsch". Inside, the cafe was renovated and the building extended and the cinema moved to make room for a new entrance block in the centre of the building; in the rest of the space, restaurants dedicated to different countries and regions of the world were
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building was faced with sandstone and gave the impression of masonry, but had a steel frame and the cinema space was spanned by five girders. At the northern end, facing the square, was a circular pavilion topped by a copper dome rising 35 metres above the pavement, with a row of
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196:) which also emulated Coney Island lighting effects. The lettering around the rotunda was illuminated, and approximately 4,000 bulbs arranged in intersecting arcs on the dome turned on and off to create the illusion of spinning motion. A reporter in
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family of restaurateurs. They had an exclusive contract to provide all food and drink and to manage the business, which became their flagship. In 1928, the building was reopened as Haus
Vaterland, based on an idea by Leo Kronau, who had visited
432:. The Palmensaal had a dance floor mounted on springs to prevent fatigue. It was considered the most beautiful ballroom in Berlin, and attracted up to a million visitors a year. It was decorated with silver palm fronds and sculptures by
808:) that Richard Fleischer, the artistic director from 1935 to 1943, told him that the Wild West cowboys were Americans, but most of the other performers were Germans playing parts. Sontheimer also says the "gypsy" violinists were from
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met. The ruined Haus
Vaterland was in the Russian sector, but had doors to both the British and the American. In 1947, Café Vaterland was reopened in an acclaimed gesture of will to rebuild the city, and in 1948 the Communist cabaret
39:. Preceded by Haus Potsdam, a multi-use building including a large cinema and a huge café, from 1928 to 1943 it was a large, famous establishment including the largest cafe in the world, a major cinema, a large ballroom and numerous
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played there in the early 1930s, with "The McAllan
Blackband", which was led by the Somali-German drummer William 'Willi' Mac Allan, and the "Tom Bill Nigger Band". It was later renamed the Kolonialstube (colonial parlour).
379:, it was a "perfectly planned city of entertainment" which demonstrated the nascent totalitarianism of "monster Germany". Sydney Clark summed it up in his guide for British tourists as a must-see because it typified Berlin:
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in the style of the "immense" lobby and the "luxuriant sentimentality" of the dining establishments as little as one step away. He used this example to argue that the New
Objectivity was merely a façade. To
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I can think of no better way to top off a Berlin night . . . than an hour or two or three in Haus
Vaterland. The place is certainly not "high hat," nor is it low hat, but it is of the very essence of Berlin.
350:, the site of Haus Vaterland was the only parcel on which no entertainment facility was sited, only offices, because it was felt to be too small. The new building abutting the square, which is part of the
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1455:: "Le comble est atteint à Berlin . . . une sorte d'immense bâtisse où sont installés des restaurants de toutes les cuisines et employés des orchestres de toutes les nationalités."
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1762:, Schriften des Forschungsinstituts der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V., Bonn, Reihe Internationale Politik und Wirtschaft 52/II, Munich: Oldenbourg, 1987,
327:
described the desolation of the
Potsdamer Platz during those years, with birch trees growing out of the rubble of what had been the busiest traffic intersection in Europe and
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in Paris, drawing "white collar workers, business people and tourists" by day, "amusement seekers, restaurant and variety patrons and also prostitutes" at night. One of
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was playing there, while because of its position on the sector lines, it was a hotbed of spying, flight from the East, and black marketing in currency and goods.
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Tanzdielen und Vergnügungspaläste: Berliner
Nachtleben in den dreiĂźiger und vierziger Jahren: von der FriedrichstraĂźe bis Berlin W, vom Moka Efti bis zum Delphi
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It was an enormous and popular establishment, and like Haus Potsdam before it, is frequently alluded to in both artistic and tourist contexts, for example in
2086:"viel echter als selbst in Wien": "Donnerwetter inbegriffen. Berlin wird so amerikanisch", 14 November 1929, cited in Christian Jäger and Erhard H. Schütz,
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prepared from the authentic recipe; the Kempinskis had an exclusive licence to offer it in Berlin. Guests sampled the new wine looking out at the steeple of
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terrace) on the third floor in the circular section of the building, had a diorama to give the illusion of sitting outdoors overlooking the river between
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Haus Potsdam became less successful during the 1920s, and in 1927 was sold to the Bank fĂĽr Handel und Grundbesitz, which leased it for ten years to the
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films, modernised the exterior by applying stucco and in particular by wiring the domed section to be illuminated at night as an example of
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169:(house of nations), and became its first artistic director, arranging entertainment to suit the flavour of each of the gastronomic units.
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The Park Kolonnaden on the site of the former Haus Vaterland (2004). The semicircular frontage is paying homage to the vanished building.
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2159:, Arbeit und Leben auf dem Lande 9, Exhibition catalogue, Museen des Ausstellungsverbundes, Petersberg: Imhof, 2004, 193–206,
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2208:. Arbeit und Leben auf dem Lande 9. Exhibition catalogue, Museen des Ausstellungsverbundes. Petersberg: Imhof, 2004. 193–206.
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There is disagreement about the exact new name of the cafe and about when the building was renamed. According to Jeffrey Verhey,
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586:, also on the fifth floor. Dancing was to American jazz, and cowboys in full western get-up, some of them black, twirled their
1334:
Wilhelm Klauser, "Vom Pot au Feu zum Processed Food: Das Restaurant als Ort der Moderne", Petra Hagen Hodgson and Rolf Toyka,
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80:. It was constructed between 1911 and 1912 as Haus Potsdam. It was primarily an office building; from 1917 or 1919 until 1927
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booming from the loud-speaker". The business continued to host throngs of customers even after Berlin began to suffer heavy
1964:
1448:, referring to it as the peak of the early modern movement to entertain the customer with complete experiences of exotica:
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The Café Piccadilly could accommodate some 2,500 guests and was lavishly decorated with wall and ceiling paintings and
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ensemble, was given a semi-circular façade in homage to the round section of the building which had once stood there.
281:
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101:. The cafe entrance was on the bottom two floors of this section. Behind it, a long, narrow section in a simplified
2155:
Peter Lummel, "Erlebnisgastronomie um 1900 – Das „Haus Vaterland“ in Berlin", Herbert May and Andrea Schilz, eds.,
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Peter Lummel. "Erlebnisgastronomie um 1900 – Das „Haus Vaterland“ in Berlin". Herbert May and Andrea Schilz, eds.
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The ballroom, also called the Palmensaal (palm room) was under the dome, and intended as a re-creation of the
132:(1914), depicts two prostitutes on a traffic island in front of the building and the Potsdamer Bahnhof. After
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said, "Haus Vaterland includes the entire globe". He also pointed out the contrast between the "exaggerated"
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family, who had a 65-year track record of success as restaurateurs in Berlin, to convert Haus Potsdam into a
1075:
A War Zone Gadabout: Being the Authentic Account of Four Trips to the Fighting Nations during 1914, '15, '16
728:, it became Deutsches Kaffeehaus 'Vaterland' ('Fatherland' German Coffeehouse); according to Mark R. McGee,
475:
240:
Kempinskis had to sell the building for a pittance to "Aryans" and leave the country. A 1936 French film,
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Reflecting changing political situations, there were also at one point a Russian vodka bar and a French
125:
2088:
Städtebilder zwischen Literatur und Journalismus: Wien, Berlin und das Feuilleton der Weimarer Republik
550:, behind which diners could watch the sun set. An "original Bavarian band" provided the entertainment.
1993:
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1342:, Akademie der Architekten- und Stadtplanerkammer Hessen, New York: BirkhĂĽser/Basel: Springer, 2007,
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351:
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409:
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applauded the "Babylonian dome" as irrefutable evidence that "here, world-capital life is pulsing."
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1158:, Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture, Rochester, New York: Camden House, 2008,
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There were no British or French rooms because Kempinski was too patriotic to forgive them for the
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Sydney Clark recommended to the American tourist in 1933 as worth seeing (the others being the
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The Türkisches Café (Turkish cafe), on the fourth floor, had gilded arches and marble floors.
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253:
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81:
748:, Historische Kommission zu Berlin, Berlin: Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung Beuermann, 1994,
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Cross-section of the ruin showing location of the different restaurants, ballroom and cinema
1531:
Klauser, p. 114, characterises it as "one of the greatest gastronomic sensations of Europe."
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73:
40:
1050:, Reihe Deutsche Vergangenheit 78: Stätten der Geschichte Berlins, Berlin: Hentrich, 1992,
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Two small rooms were also added to honour friends of the Third Reich, although before the
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32:
923:
Berlin/New York: Like and Unlike: Essays on Architecture and Art from 1870 to the Present
1919:, p. 163; photograph of the lobby Fig. 4.7, p. 164, from Elisabeth Maria Hajos and
317:. It was then left in ruins, the windows simply being walled up. It was adjacent to the
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1754:"Anordnung der Alliierten Kommandatura vom 21. Juli 1972", Hans Heinrich Mahnke, ed.,
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against a starry sky, and a tram with interior lights lit crossed the bridge over the
267:
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2178:, Exhibition catalogue, Museum fĂĽr Kommunikation Frankfurt, Heidelberg: Braus, 2009,
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602:. In 1930, the Bodega was relocated to make room for two more regional German rooms:
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701:, Café Piccadilly became Deutsches Café (German Café); according to Werner Hecht,
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nesting in the ruin of Haus Vaterland and hunting rats which emerged from locked
2046:
809:
774:
457:
323:
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1865:; translated by Quintin Hoare as "The Vaterland encompasses the entire globe",
539:
The Löwenbräu, across from the Türkisches Café on the fourth floor, emulated a
440:
Bill Bartholomew led the house dance band and the "Vaterland-Girls" performed.
43:, promoted as a showcase of all nations. It was partially destroyed by fire in
1796:
Branding Center: Über den Einfluss globaler Markenkonzerne auf die Innenstädte
1227:
M. Kempinski & Co.: die "Arisierung" eines Berliner Traditionsunternehmens
1023:, Exhibition catalogue, Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin, Berlin: G & H, 2008,
499:
177:
89:
statues beneath it; this was essentially a recreation of the mausoleum of the
2276:
2263:
1610:
The Graham Greene Film Reader: Reviews, Essays, Interviews & Film Stories
966:
Otto Sarrazin and Friedrich Schultze, "Der Neubau 'Haus Potsdam' in Berlin",
47:, reopened in a limited form until 1953, and was finally demolished in 1976.
1909:
Topographies of Class: Modern Architecture and Mass Society in Weimar Berlin
925:, ed. Josef Paul Kleihues and Christina Rathgeber, New York: Rizzoli, 1993,
921:
Roger Green, "The City and Entertainment: Coney Island and Haus Vaterland",
845:
Die UFA - ein Traum: hundert Jahre deutscher Film: Ereignisse und Erlebnisse
547:
162:
145:
90:
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marble. Operated by Heinrich Braun, it was an attraction comparable to the
1953:
The Art of Taking a Walk: Flanerie, Literature, and Film in Weimar Culture
1842:
305:
The building was finally completely burnt out on 17 June 1953, along with
949:
Franz Heinrich Schwechten: ein Architekt zwischen Historismus und Moderne
674:
Berlin wall and Potsdamer Platz in 1975, Haus Vaterland ruin on the right
453:
449:
2014:
1989:
1697:
Heinrich Goertz, "Frischer Wind im Haus Vaterland 1948 / Erinnerungen",
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514:(Haus Vaterland does it thoroughly - in Haus Vaterland it storms hourly)
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Haus Vaterland machts gründlich – im Haus Vaterland gewitterts stündlich
161:
there and improve on Berlin's own imitation, Lunapark. He persuaded the
2227:
1932:
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98:
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The Ufa Story: A History of Germany's Greatest Film Company, 1918-1945
730:
Berlin: A Visual and Historical Documentation from 1925 to the Present
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611:
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332:
280:
After the war, Potsdamer Platz was the point where three of the four
36:
780:"Kino - das grosse Traumgeschäft: Bei der UfA machte man das so ..."
625:
An "old Berlin beerhall" named for the variety of turnips named for
136:
began in 1914, it was renamed to the more patriotic Café Vaterland.
209:- Latin for Berlin and most famously embodied in the statue in the
1156:
Writing the New Berlin: The German Capital in Post-Wall Literature
669:
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645:
587:
571:
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117:
54:
1544:, DĂĽsseldorf: Filminstitut der Landeshaupstadt DĂĽsseldorf, 1992,
301:
Ruin, view to the North, shortly before destruction: Feb 22, 1976
2311:
Buildings and structures in Berlin destroyed during World War II
825:- In Haus Vaterland one dines thoroughly, here it storms hourly.
695:
The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth and Mobilization in Germany
617:, named for the ship-board cooking of the North German seaport.
478:
declared the place to be far more genuine than the real thing.
2118:, Weimar and now 27, Berkeley: University of California, 2001,
236:
In the Nazi years, the mix of restaurants was modified and the
2044:[Berlins Haus Vaterland: Mother of event gastronomy].
823:
Im Haus Vaterland iĂźt man grĂĽndlich, hier gewitterts stĂĽndlich
574:
wine cellar, also on the fifth floor, with mandoline players.
237:
1927:, Neue Architektur der Gross-städte, Berlin: Albertus, 1928,
1612:, ed. David Parkinson, 1994, repr. New York: Applause, 1995,
1867:
The Salaried Masses: Duty and Distraction in Weimar Germany
707:
Werke: grosse kommentierte Berliner und Frankfurter Ausgabe
562:
peasant tavern, on the fifth floor, with gypsy violinists.
157:
and wanted to emulate the international attractions in the
1984:, Ten pound series 2, London: Nicholson and Watson, 1934,
2042:"Berlins Haus Vaterland: Mutter der Erlebnisgastronomie"
1200:
Berlin, Berlin: die Ausstellung zur Geschichte der Stadt
875:, 1996, repr. Berkeley: University of California, 1999,
1475:, London: Macmillan/New York: Oxford University, 1987,
1423:
The souvenir programme for the 1928 opening celebration
20:
Night view of Haus Vaterland and StresemannstraĂźe, 1932
2116:
Weimar Surfaces: Urban Visual Culture in 1920s Germany
763:
dates the renaming of the building to 1 February 1928.
1955:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University, 1999,
1911:, Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan, 2008,
933:, pp. 210–23, p. 216, and illustrations p. 217.
248:), features scenes in Haus Vaterland, including "the
263:
Burnt out ruin of Haus Vaterland after the war, 1947
346:Ironically, when Potsdamer Platz was rebuilt after
2174:Corinna Engel, Helmut Gold, Rosemarie Wesp, eds.,
2090:, Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 1999,
31:) was a pleasure palace on the south-east side of
1100:German Art 1907-1937: Modernism and Modernisation
2009:, Fifty dollar series, New York: McBride, 1933,
1679:"Heldentum zu hohen Preisen: am entgleisten Pof"
1150:
1148:
871:Klaus Kreimeier, trans. Robert and Rita Kimber,
795:McGee, p. 136, describes him as an entrepreneur.
1202:, Exhibition catalogue, Berlin: Nicolai, 1987,
895:
893:
590:. Beautiful chorus girls also performed there.
1835:Die Angestellten: aus dem neuesten Deutschland
1370:Der neue Potsdamer Platz: ein KunststĂĽck Stadt
1364:
1362:
1336:Der Architekt, der Koch und der gute Geschmack
109:, extended some 100 metres alongside the
2306:Demolished buildings and structures in Berlin
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1330:
1328:
713:, Berlin: Aufbau/Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1989,
436:, who was to be popular during the Nazi era.
8:
1633:Hans Saal, "Franzosen spielen Deutschland",
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1418:
1416:
899:Sylvaine Hänsel and Angelika Schmitt, eds.,
786:represents it as a direct sale to Kempinski.
648:teahouse, with "original Japanese service".
2321:Buildings and structures demolished in 1976
1581:
1579:
1577:
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1573:
1505:
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1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
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1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
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1275:
1273:
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1130:, Volume 2, Cologne/London: Taschen, 2003,
1542:Harry Piel: ein Kino-Mythos und seine Zeit
1397:Berlin Berlin: Der Umzug in die Hauptstadt
917:
915:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
1015:
1013:
1011:
984:
982:
943:
941:
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697:, Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2000,
1658:"Die Nacht, in der die Uhr stehen blieb"
1652:
1650:
1233:Berlin, 2007, Hamburg: Diplomica, 2008,
1122:
1120:
546:and looked out on a painted view of the
456:, on the third floor. The menu included
321:after its construction in 1961. In 1966
266:
258:
68:The six-storey building was designed by
15:
1925:Berliner Architektur der Nachkriegszeit
1340:The Architect, the Cook, and Good Taste
836:
732:, Woodstock, New York: Overlook, 2002,
686:
2246:, documentation by Klaus Lindow, 2007
2230:, documentation by Klaus Lindow, 2006
660:bar, replacing the Hungarian Czardas.
1837:, Frankfurt: Societäts-Verlag, 1930,
128:'s Street Scenes cycle of paintings,
7:
1198:Gottfried Korff and Reinhard RĂĽrup,
72:, who was also the architect of the
1001:Photographs Sarrazin and Schultze,
901:Kinoarchitektur in Berlin 1895-1995
391:Kammerlichtspiele im Haus Vaterland
1368:Andreas Muhs and Heinrich Wefing,
1290:Green, p. 218 and note 34, p. 223.
172:The architect for the conversion,
14:
2301:Buildings and structures in Mitte
2206:Gasthäuser: Geschichte und Kultur
2157:Gasthäuser: Geschichte und Kultur
1473:Sidney Bechet: The Wizard of Jazz
2040:Geschke, Linus (22 March 2013).
1907:, p. 96, quoted in Sabine Hake,
1853:, 2nd ed. Berlin: Nishen, 1998,
1699:Die Horen: junger Literaturkreis
970:May 18, 1912, pp. 254–57,
1951:, p. 57, cited in Anke Gleber,
1310:, New York: Basic Books, 2000,
1183:, Munich: Albert Langen, 1914,
387:The original attractions were:
968:Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung
424:Variety show in the Palmensaal
315:East German strike and protest
78:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
1:
2176:Satt?: kochen - essen - reden
1126:Rose-Marie and Rainer Hagen,
448:A re-creation of a Viennese
366:- "the world in one house".
232:Third Reich and World War II
105:architectural style, with a
1102:, Bern/Oxford: Lang, 2007,
951:, Stuttgart: Menges, 1999,
246:The Sequel to Second Bureau
2337:
1756:Dokumente zur Berlin-Frage
1399:, Hamburg: Spiegel, 1999,
1869:, New York: Verso, 1998,
1432:, on Klaus Lindow's site
1154:Katharina Gerstenberger,
1098:Martin Ignatius Gaughan,
1077:, Boston: Hinkley, 1917,
1005:; Green p. 218, Plate 12.
582:A frontier saloon in the
192:) or Light Architecture (
186:Architecture of the Night
130:Potsdamer Platz in Berlin
70:Franz Heinrich Schwechten
1372:, Berlin: be.bra, 1998,
1128:What Great Paintings Say
1019:Franziska Nentwig, ed.,
903:, Berlin: Reimer, 1995,
362:Haus Vaterland promised
226:The Artificial Silk Girl
222:Das kunstseidene Mädchen
2316:Entertainment in Berlin
1851:Info Box: The Catalogue
1798:, Wiesbaden: VS, 2007,
847:, Berlin: Ed. q, 1993,
705:, ed., Bertolt Brecht,
462:St. Stephen's cathedral
282:Allied occupation zones
2221:at PotsdamerPlatz.org
746:M. Kempinski & Co.
675:
536:
516:
491:
474:, the Austrian writer
425:
385:
364:die Welt in einem Haus
302:
272:
264:
60:
21:
2277:52.50806°N 13.37722°E
2255:on de.Knowledge (XXG)
2237:Haus Vaterland Berlin
2228:Haus Vaterland Berlin
1949:Ein Flaneur in Berlin
1717:"Briefe kamen nie an"
673:
534:
508:
489:
423:
381:
340:Senate of West Berlin
300:
270:
262:
254:bombing by the Allies
190:Architektur der Nacht
126:Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
58:
19:
2077:Green, pp. 218, 220.
2030:Green, pp. 212, 218.
1701:117–18 (1995)
1567:Green, pp. 211, 220.
1395:Michael Sontheimer,
1350:, pp. 110–19,
1265:Green, pp. 216, 220.
1256:Green, pp. 212, 216.
600:Treaty of Versailles
348:German reunification
176:, the architect for
2273: /
1785:Sontheimer, p. 158.
1231:Humboldt University
782:, 29 November 1950
640:Japanische Teestube
494:The Rheinterrasse (
444:Grinzinger Heuriger
242:Les Loups entre eux
95:Theodoric the Great
2282:52.50806; 13.37722
2242:2012-02-23 at the
1831:Siegfried Kracauer
1635:Das Neue Tage-Buch
1540:MatHias Bleckman,
1444:A 1979 article in
1428:2012-03-22 at the
1306:David Clay Large,
1179:Eberhard Buchner,
821:Some sources have
676:
537:
492:
471:Berliner Tageblatt
426:
368:Siegfried Kracauer
303:
273:
265:
61:
59:Haus Potsdam, 1913
22:
2184:978-3-89466-296-7
2124:978-0-520-22298-4
2096:978-3-8244-4349-9
1961:978-0-691-00238-5
1917:978-0-472-05038-3
1875:978-1-85984-881-4
1859:978-3-88940-335-3
1804:978-3-531-15676-7
1768:978-3-486-54311-7
1736:"Das Glitzerding"
1666:22 November 2003
1618:978-1-55783-188-0
1608:, 19 March 1937,
1550:978-3-929098-01-3
1481:978-0-333-44386-6
1378:978-3-930863-42-6
1348:978-3-7643-7621-5
1316:978-0-465-02646-3
1239:978-3-8366-6194-2
1225:Jochen Kleining,
1208:978-3-87584-214-2
1164:978-1-57113-381-6
1136:978-3-8228-1372-0
1108:978-3-03910-900-5
1056:978-3-89468-047-3
1029:978-3-940939-06-7
881:978-0-520-22069-0
853:978-3-86124-178-2
754:978-3-87584-458-0
738:978-1-58567-213-4
476:Arnold Höllriegel
402:UFA-Palast am Zoo
250:Horst Wessel song
194:Licht-Architektur
167:Haus der Nationen
111:Potsdamer Bahnhof
82:Universum Film AG
41:theme restaurants
2328:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2274:
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2269:
2266:
2249:
2233:
2224:
2193:
2192:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2153:
2140:
2139:Nentwig, p. 178.
2137:
2131:
2112:
2106:
2105:, and elsewhere.
2104:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2003:
1997:
1978:
1972:
1942:
1936:
1905:Die Angestellten
1902:
1896:
1895:Kracauer, p. 92.
1893:
1882:
1848:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1808:pp. 148–49
1792:
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1783:
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1003:p. 259, Plate 16
999:
993:
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785:
770:
764:
762:
727:
721:/9783518400616,
691:
621:Teltower RĂĽbchen
343:caravan colony.
307:Erich Mendelsohn
276:Under occupation
244:(English title:
202:David Clay Large
174:Carl Stahl-Urach
74:Anhalter Bahnhof
29:Fatherland House
2336:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2327:
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2325:
2291:
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2281:
2279:
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2267:
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2262:
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2259:
2247:
2244:Wayback Machine
2231:
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2085:
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2053:
2051:
2039:
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2034:
2029:
2025:
2007:Germany on $ 50
2004:
2000:
1979:
1975:
1969:pp. 53–54
1943:
1939:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1885:
1846:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1793:
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1760:1967–1986
1753:
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1742:3 October 1966
1734:
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1715:
1711:
1705:
1696:
1692:
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1685:28 August 1948
1677:
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1656:Volker Wagner,
1655:
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1430:Wayback Machine
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1229:, M.A. thesis,
1224:
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1197:
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1187:
1181:Kriegsdokumente
1178:
1174:
1153:
1146:
1125:
1118:
1097:
1093:
1073:Walter Austin,
1072:
1068:
1062:
1046:Knud Wolffram,
1045:
1041:
1035:
1021:Berlin im Licht
1018:
1009:
1000:
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860:
842:
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806:p. 223, note 40
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725:
692:
688:
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678:
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634:Tripartite Pact
629:, near Berlin.
623:
608:
584:Rocky Mountains
580:
568:
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529:
521:
519:Türkisches Café
513:
484:
446:
418:
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372:New Objectivity
360:
352:Park Kolonnaden
295:
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159:amusement parks
142:
66:
53:
33:Potsdamer Platz
12:
11:
5:
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2219:Haus Vaterland
2214:
2213:External links
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2167:
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2132:
2107:
2079:
2061:
2032:
2023:
2005:Sydney Clark,
1998:
1982:Germany on ÂŁ10
1980:Sydney Clark,
1973:
1937:
1897:
1883:
1823:
1821:Green, p. 212.
1814:
1787:
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1709:
1690:
1671:
1646:
1626:
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1509:Green, p. 220.
1489:
1471:John Chilton,
1457:
1437:
1412:
1407:, p. 164
1388:
1358:
1324:
1292:
1283:
1281:Green, p. 218.
1267:
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1116:
1091:
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843:Hans Borgelt,
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812:(p. 164).
797:
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552:
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430:Garden of Eden
417:
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410:Phoebus Palast
398:Titania-Palast
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359:
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294:
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277:
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233:
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220:'s 1932 novel
211:Alexanderplatz
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140:Haus Vaterland
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1601:
1600:Graham Greene
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804:Green notes (
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789:
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777:
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772:A history in
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719:9783351004026
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482:Rheinterrasse
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338:In 1972, the
336:
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326:
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320:
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313:, during the
312:
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292:
290:
288:
287:Frischer Wind
283:
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182:Doctor Mabuse
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38:
34:
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26:
18:
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2205:
2175:
2170:
2156:
2135:
2115:
2114:Janet Ward,
2110:
2087:
2082:
2052:. Retrieved
2045:
2035:
2026:
2006:
2001:
1981:
1976:
1952:
1948:
1945:Franz Hessel
1940:
1924:
1921:Leopold Zahn
1908:
1904:
1900:
1866:
1850:
1849:, quoted in
1834:
1826:
1817:
1795:
1790:
1781:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1739:
1731:
1723:6 July 1955
1720:
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1663:Tagesspiegel
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1099:
1094:
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1042:
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967:
962:
948:
947:Peer Zietz,
922:
900:
872:
867:
844:
839:
822:
817:
800:
791:
773:
768:
745:
729:
710:
709:, Volume 1,
706:
702:
694:
689:
677:
662:
655:
643:
631:
624:
609:
597:
581:
569:
557:
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510:
509:
504:Lorelei rock
493:
469:
447:
437:
434:Josef Thorak
427:
394:
386:
382:
377:Franz Hessel
363:
361:
345:
337:
322:
311:Columbushaus
304:
286:
279:
245:
241:
235:
225:
221:
218:Irmgard Keun
215:
206:
197:
193:
189:
171:
166:
151:Coney Island
143:
129:
122:Moulin Rouge
115:
107:mansard roof
67:
64:Haus Potsdam
45:World War II
28:
24:
23:
2280: /
2248:(in German)
2232:(in German)
2223:(in German)
2191:(in German)
2164:(in German)
2103:(in German)
2050:(in German)
2047:Der Spiegel
1847:(in German)
1811:(in German)
1775:(in German)
1744:(in German)
1740:Der Spiegel
1725:(in German)
1721:Der Spiegel
1706:(in German)
1687:(in German)
1683:Der Spiegel
1668:(in German)
1643:(in German)
1557:(in German)
1453:(in French)
1434:(in German)
1409:(in German)
1385:(in German)
1355:(in German)
1246:(in German)
1215:(in German)
1188:(in German)
1063:(in German)
1036:(in German)
975:(in German)
956:(in German)
908:(in German)
861:(in German)
857:pp. 70, 127
784:(in German)
775:Der Spiegel
761:(in German)
726:(in German)
458:Sachertorte
438:Jazzmeister
358:Description
335:entrances.
324:Der Spiegel
319:Berlin Wall
293:Destruction
134:World War I
91:Ostrogothic
35:in central
2295:Categories
2268:13°22′38″E
2265:52°30′29″N
1967:and Hake,
1598:Review by
832:References
544:bierkeller
500:Sankt Goar
178:Fritz Lang
103:Wilhelmine
1843:493852990
1758:Volume 2
1637:4 (1936)
1518:Chilton,
636:of 1940:
560:Hungarian
548:Zugspitze
535:Löwenbräu
527:Löwenbräu
468:. In the
163:Kempinski
146:Kempinski
2240:Archived
2054:16 March
1585:Pracht,
1426:Archived
810:Neukölln
711:StĂĽcke I
646:Japanese
541:Bavarian
502:and the
454:Grinzing
450:Heuriger
416:Ballroom
408:and the
329:kestrels
207:Berolina
198:Germania
155:New York
76:and the
2199:Sources
2015:4255407
1990:3417885
1083:1905505
988:Zietz,
658:Italian
652:Osteria
572:Spanish
118:Sienese
99:Ravenna
51:History
2182:
2161:p. 194
2128:p. 181
2122:
2100:p. 153
2094:
2019:p. 194
2013:
1994:p. 190
1988:
1959:
1933:526834
1931:
1915:
1873:
1863:p. 205
1857:
1841:
1802:
1772:p. 303
1766:
1703:p. 119
1639:p. 910
1622:p. 183
1616:
1554:p. 194
1548:
1479:
1446:Cadmos
1403:
1376:
1352:p. 114
1346:
1320:p. 206
1314:
1308:Berlin
1237:
1212:p. 412
1206:
1185:p. 241
1168:p. 142
1162:
1140:p. 420
1134:
1106:
1081:
1060:p. 202
1054:
1033:p. 177
1027:
972:p. 254
929:
905:p. 193
887:(1919)
879:
859:(1917)
851:
752:
742:p. 136
736:
723:p. 561
717:
703:et al.
665:bistro
627:Teltow
615:Galley
612:Bremen
588:lassos
566:Bodega
466:Danube
404:, the
400:, the
333:S-Bahn
238:Jewish
37:Berlin
2188:p. 37
1965:p. 72
1879:p. 92
1587:p. 75
1520:p. 86
1485:p. 85
1450:p. 85
1382:p. 22
1243:p. 43
1112:p. 93
1087:p. 22
990:p. 50
953:p. 51
885:p. 43
758:p. 72
699:p. 87
682:Notes
496:Rhine
93:king
87:Attic
2180:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2056:2020
2011:OCLC
1986:OCLC
1957:ISBN
1929:OCLC
1913:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1839:OCLC
1800:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1079:OCLC
1052:ISBN
1025:ISBN
927:ISBN
877:ISBN
849:ISBN
750:ISBN
734:ISBN
715:ISBN
610:The
1602:in
656:An
452:in
412:).
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2098:,
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1992:,
1963:,
1947:,
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644:A
570:A
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213:.
113:.
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1996:.
1971:.
1935:.
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992:.
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