19:
263:(non-specific source wastes). This list identifies wastes from common manufacturing and industrial processes, such as solvents that have been used in cleaning or degreasing operations. Because the processes producing these wastes can occur in different sectors of industry, the F-listed wastes are known as wastes from non-specific sources. (See
331:
that has been refined from crude oil, or any synthetic oil that has been used and, as a result of use, is contaminated with physical or chemical impurities. Other materials that contain or are contaminated with used oil may also be subject to regulation as "used oil" under Part 279 of Title 40 of the Code of
Federal Regulations.
484:(HHW), also referred to as "domestic hazardous waste," is waste that is generated from residential households. HHW only applies to wastes that are the result of the use of materials that are labeled for and sold for "home use" and that are purchased by homeowners or tenants for use in a residential household.
368:
Universal wastes are subject to somewhat less stringent regulatory requirements and small quantity generators of universal wastes may be classified as "conditionally-exempt small quantity generators" (CESQGs) which releases them from some of the regulatory requirements for the handling and storage of
330:
In
California, waste oil and materials that contain or are contaminated with waste oil are usually regulated as hazardous wastes if they meet the definition of "Used Oil" even if they do not exhibit any of the characteristics of hazardous waste. The term "used oil" is a legal term which means any oil
93:
Modern hazardous waste regulations in the U.S. began with RCRA, which was enacted in 1976. The primary contribution of RCRA was to create a "cradle to grave" system of record keeping for hazardous wastes. Hazardous wastes must be tracked from the time they are generated until their final disposition.
237:
Listed hazardous wastes are generated by specific industries and processes and are automatically considered hazardous waste based solely on the process that generates them and irrespective of whether a test of the waste shows any of the "characteristics" of hazardous waste. Examples of listed wastes
97:
RCRA's recordkeeping system helps to track the life cycle of hazardous material and reduces the amount of hazardous waste illegally disposed. Regulators can monitor hazardous waste by following the "trail" of the waste as is transferred from one entity to another, from the time it is generated until
630:
are the only HHW that are managed nationally. While it is still legal in the United States to dispose of smoke detectors in your trash in most places, manufacturers of smoke detectors must accept returned units for disposal as mandated by the
Nuclear Regulatory law 10 CFR 32.27. If you send your
65:
directed EPA to issue regulations for the management of hazardous waste. EPA developed strict requirements for all aspects of hazardous waste management including the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. In addition to these federal requirements, states may develop more stringent
413:
from being regulated as "hazardous wastes". This does not necessarily mean the wastes are not hazardous nor that they are not regulated. An exempted hazardous waste simply means that the waste is not regulated by the primary hazardous waste regulations. Many of these wastes may by regulated by
770:
A HW may be sequestered in a HW landfill or permanent disposal facility. "In terms of hazardous waste, a landfill is defined as a disposal facility or part of a facility where hazardous waste is placed in or on land and which is not a pile, a land treatment facility, a surface impoundment, an
69:
EPA authorizes states to implement the RCRA hazardous waste program. Authorized states must maintain standards that are equivalent to and at least as stringent as the federal program. Implementation of the authorized program usually includes activities such as permitting, corrective action,
273:(source-specific wastes). This list includes certain wastes from specific industries, such as petroleum refining or pesticide manufacturing. Certain sludges and wastewaters from treatment and production processes in these industries are examples of source-specific wastes. (See
396:
The "Derived-from Rule" (40 CFR Section 261.3(b)) applies to a waste that is generated from the treatment, storage or disposal of a hazardous waste (for example, the ash from the incineration of hazardous waste). Wastes "derived" in this manner may be regulated as hazardous
615:(MSW) and these wastes can be put in your trash. Laws vary by state and municipality and they are changing every day. Be sure to check with your local environmental regulatory agency, solid waste authority, or health department to find out how HHW is managed in your area.
201:
Reactive wastes are unstable under "normal" conditions. They can cause explosions, toxic fumes, radioactive particles, gases, or vapors when heated, compressed, or mixed with water. Examples include lithium-sulfur batteries and explosives. For more details, see
61:(RCRA), a facility that treats, stores or disposes of hazardous waste must obtain a permit for doing so. Generators of and transporters of hazardous waste must meet specific requirements for handling, managing, and tracking waste. Through RCRA,
713:" that residents often encounter is that while it may be legal to dispose of some HHW in their regular trash, the waste hauler that collects the trash can choose not to haul the waste. It is not uncommon for a waste hauler to refuse to pick up
291:
wastes are actually sublists of the same major list applying to discarded wastes. These wastes apply to commercial chemical products that are considered hazardous when discarded and are regulated under the following U.S. Federal
Regulation:
717:
that contains things like paint and fluorescent light bulbs. There is often little recourse for residents in this case. In these cases the resident may have to make their own arrangements to dispose of the waste by taking it directly to a
185:
Corrosive wastes are acids or bases (pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5) that are capable of corroding metal containers, such as storage tanks, drums, and barrels. Battery acid is an example. For more details, see
332:
313:
Additionally, states may have specific waste codes. For example, the
California Department of Toxic Substances Control distinguishes discarded mercury-containing products and waste oil as separate groups of hazardous waste.
118:
622:
are designed to handle normal amounts of HHW and minimize the environmental impacts. However, there are still going to be some impacts and there are many ways that homeowners can keep these wastes out of landfills.
214:
Toxic wastes are those containing concentrations of certain substances in excess of regulatory thresholds which are expected to cause injury or illness to human health or the environment. For more details see
414:
different statutes and/or regulations and/or by different regulatory agencies. For example, many hazardous mining wastes are regulated via mining statutes and regulations. "Exempted" hazardous wastes include:
392:
Section 261.3(a)) applies to a mixture of a listed hazardous waste and a solid waste and states that the result of a mixture of these two wastes is regulated as a hazardous waste. Exemptions may apply in some
634:
States regulate HHW waste disposal in MSW landfills with various requirements, on a state-by-state basis. Some commonly regulated wastes in some (but not all) states include restrictions on the disposal of:
203:
187:
163:
293:
274:
264:
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is an example of a P-list waste and carries the number P076. U-Listed wastes are considered "hazardous" when discarded and are regulated in a somewhat less stringent manner than P-Listed wastes.
487:
The following list includes categories often applied to HHW. It is important to note that many of these categories overlap and that many household wastes can fall into multiple categories:
216:
980:
322:
This list includes certain wastes known to contain mercury, such as fluorescent lamps, mercury switches and the products that house these switches, and mercury-containing novelties.
696:(Note: Yard waste or "green waste" (particularly "source-separated" yard waste such as from a city leaf collection program) is not hazardous but may be a regulated household waste)
101:
Amendments to RCRA specified requirements for incinerators and small quantity generators of hazardous waste and required substandard landfills to be closed. Congress also exempted
158:
Ignitable wastes can create fires under certain conditions, are spontaneously combustible, or are liquids with a flash point less than 60 °C (140 °F). Examples include
150:
Under EPA regulations, "characteristic hazardous wastes" are defined as wastes that exhibit the following characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.
1010:
1195:
1120:
611:
Because of the expense associated with the disposal of HHW, it is still legal for most homeowners in the U.S. to dispose of most types of household hazardous wastes as
780:
53:
pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.
229:(TCLP). The TCLP helps identify wastes likely to leach concentrations of contaminants into the environment that may be harmful to human health or the environment.
771:
underground injection well, a salt dome formation, a salt bed formation, an underground mine, a cave, or a corrective action management unit (40 CFR 260.10)."
801:
400:
The "Contained-in Rule" (40 CFR Section 261.3(f)) applies to soil, groundwater, surface water and debris that are contaminated with a listed hazardous waste.
389:
226:
795:
79:
35:
816:
1149:. Champaign-Urbana, IL: Federal Facilities Environmental Stewardship and Compliance Assistance Center (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 2017-07-05.
256:
Hazardous wastes are incorporated into lists published by the
Environmental Protection Agency. These lists are organized into three categories:
58:
18:
988:
599:
1205:
790:
723:
1045:
947:
857:
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296:. P-List wastes are wastes that are considered "acutely hazardous" when discarded and are subject to more stringent regulation.
849:
699:
Local solid waste authorities and health departments may also have specific bans on wastes that apply to their service area.
472:
Recycled hazardous wastes: Some hazardous wastes that are recycled may also be exempted from hazardous waste regulations.
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Some HW can be processed so that the hazardous component of the waste is eliminated making it a non-hazardous waste.
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83:
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137:, a 1992 treaty which prohibits the export of hazardous waste from developed countries to developing countries.
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Recyclables (especially "source-separated" recyclables or recyclables that have already been separated from
643:). In this case this would only apply to household hazardous wastes that have been separated for recycling.
657:
62:
1146:
714:
612:
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358:
191:
171:
167:
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27:
933:
United States. Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980.
806:
785:
651:
583:
530:
354:
125:" and provide for the clean-up and remediation of closed and abandoned hazardous waste sites.
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are classified as radioactive waste because they contain very small amounts of a radioactive
121:(CERCLA), was enacted in 1980. The primary contribution of CERCLA was to create a financial "
710:
662:
626:
Laws regulating HHW in the U.S. are gradually becoming more strict. As of 2007, radioactive
362:
134:
892:"Highlights of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984; The New RCRA Requirements"
891:
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39:
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detector back to a manufacturer then it will be disposed in a nuclear waste facility.
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are ubiquitous and produced in very large quantities by a large number of generators.
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requirements or requirements that are broader in scope than the federal regulations.
943:
845:
759:
689:
681:
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Toxicity of a hazardous waste is defined through a laboratory procedure called the
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1046:"Defining Hazardous Waste: Listed, Characteristic and Mixed Radiological Wastes"
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640:
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Universal wastes must still be disposed of properly. (For more information, see
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or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness; or
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EPA has other ways of regulating hazardous waste. These regulations include:
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1084:
880:. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2018-08-08.
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Hazardous wastes (HWs) are typically dealt with in five different ways:
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23:
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119:
Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
113:
Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
166:
Test methods that may be used to determine ignitability include the
1119:
Title 40, Part 261: Identification and
Listing of Hazardous Waste.
1066:. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Toxic Substances Control
421:
Agricultural wastes which are returned to the ground as fertilizer;
491:
190:
The test method that may be used to determine corrosivity is the
47:
17:
446:
346:
generally pose a lower threat relative to other hazardous wastes
1177:
What Did We Know About Hazardous Waste and When Did We Know It
438:
304:
is an example of a U-Listed waste and carries the number U002.
42:
is a waste (usually a solid waste) that has the potential to:
1121:
40 CFR 261.4(b). Solid wastes which are not hazardous wastes.
168:
Pensky-Martens Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability
437:
Wastes from the extraction, beneficiation and processing of
1176:
1163:
374:
Fact Sheet: Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator
109:
from the strict hazardous waste permitting requirements.
766:
Hazardous waste landfill (sequestering, isolation, etc.)
252:
wastes from certain cleaning and/or degreasing processes
172:
Setaflash Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability
835:
United States. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
1040:
1038:
1036:
878:"EPA History: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act"
46:
cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
665:(CRTs) from older computer monitors and televisions
935:
837:
730:Final disposition ("disposal") of hazardous waste
22:A household hazardous waste collection center in
1103:"Agriculture Nutrient Management and Fertilizer"
781:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
353:Some of the most common "universal wastes" are:
434:Oil and natural gas exploration drilling waste;
249:certain waste from iron and steel manufacturing
206:There are currently no test methods available.
192:Corrosivity Towards Steel (Method 1110A) (PDF).
318:Discarded mercury-containing products (M-List)
754:Incineration, destruction and waste-to-energy
409:EPA regulations automatically exempt certain
8:
802:List of Superfund sites in the United States
742:Many HWs can be recycled into new products.
424:Mining overburden returned to the mine site;
418:Household hazardous waste (HHW); (see below)
342:Universal wastes are hazardous wastes that:
227:toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
221:Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
1196:Environmental issues in the United States
796:Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites List
162:and used solvents. For more details, see
80:Environmental policy of the United States
70:inspections, monitoring and enforcement.
817:Unexploded ordnance in the United States
333:Standards for the Management of Used Oil
133:The United States is not a party to the
828:
758:A HW may be "destroyed" for example by
1164:Contaminated Site Clean-Up Information
89:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
59:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
894:. EPA. April 1985. EPA 530-SW-85-008.
7:
791:Mixed waste (radioactive/hazardous)
940:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
842:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
365:, and mercury-containing devices.
36:United States environmental policy
14:
1011:"Parties to the Basel Convention"
680:containing appliances such as a
309:Hazardous waste listed by states
985:United Nations Treaty Database
981:"Status as at 13 January 2013"
946:, approved December 11, 1980.
1:
1117:Code of Federal Regulations,
600:Disposing of Smoke Detectors
563:Aerosols / Propane cylinders
294:40 C.F.R. 261.33 (e) and (f)
242:many sludges left over from
1179:, a February 2002 essay by
1147:"Hazardous Waste Landfills"
1133:"Household Hazardous Waste"
703:Solid Waste Haulers and HHW
1222:
1206:Waste in the United States
867:approved October 21, 1976.
798:in the State of California
762:it at a high temperature.
566:Caustics / Cleaning agents
84:Waste in the United States
77:
812:Environmental remediation
500:Automotive wastes (used
482:Household hazardous waste
477:Household hazardous waste
405:Exempted hazardous wastes
103:coal combustion residuals
141:Types of hazardous waste
431:to produce electricity;
176:Ignitability of Solids.
658:Rechargeable batteries
572:-containing appliances
380:Other hazardous wastes
129:International treaties
31:
715:municipal solid waste
613:municipal solid waste
146:Characteristic wastes
21:
967:"What is Superfund?"
543:fluorescent lighting
533:-containing wastes (
427:Utility wastes from
388:The "Mixture Rule" (
991:on 9 September 2012
647:Lead-acid batteries
469:-containing wastes.
1169:2022-07-03 at the
1135:. EPA. 2019-05-02.
1105:. EPA. 2019-10-29.
1091:. EPA. 2019-10-21.
1048:. EPA. 2019-09-06.
969:. EPA. 2018-11-30.
923:. EPA. 2018-11-29.
654:-containing wastes
458:Wood treated with
369:hazardous wastes.
74:Regulatory history
32:
1085:"Universal Waste"
807:Radioactive waste
786:Bamako Convention
663:Cathode ray tubes
584:Radioactive waste
363:cathode ray tubes
355:fluorescent light
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1017:. Archived from
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987:. Archived from
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917:"Special Wastes"
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724:transfer station
338:Universal wastes
281:Discarded Wastes
135:Basel Convention
98:it is disposed.
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1201:Hazardous waste
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1060:"Mercury Waste"
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1021:on 14 June 2013
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607:Disposal of HHW
588:smoke detectors
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429:coal combustion
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204:40 CFR §261.23.
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188:40 CFR §261.22.
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164:40 CFR §261.21.
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298:Nitric oxide
288:
284:
280:
270:
260:
255:
236:
224:
213:
200:
184:
157:
154:Ignitability
149:
132:
116:
107:mining waste
100:
96:
92:
68:
56:
33:
15:
952:§ 9601
862:§ 6901
678:Refrigerant
669:Cell phones
641:solid waste
586:(some home
570:Refrigerant
558:cell phones
554:televisions
453:Cement kiln
1190:Categories
1070:2020-04-30
995:13 January
848:, 90
823:References
580:Ammunition
525:fungicides
521:herbicides
506:antifreeze
271:The K-list
261:The F-list
246:processes.
197:Reactivity
174:, and the
160:waste oils
78:See also:
28:Washington
738:Recycling
673:computers
620:landfills
596:americium
576:Batteries
550:computers
502:motor oil
359:batteries
326:Waste oil
238:include:
181:Corrosive
123:Superfund
48:mortality
1167:Archived
865:et seq.,
775:See also
720:landfill
711:catch-22
539:switches
510:gasoline
496:solvents
467:chromium
465:Certain
443:minerals
210:Toxicity
63:Congress
955:et seq.
936:Pub. L.
838:Pub. L.
652:Mercury
618:Modern
598:. See:
592:isotope
545:, etc.)
531:Mercury
527:, etc.)
512:, etc.)
460:arsenic
455:wastes;
397:wastes.
357:bulbs,
302:Acetone
24:Seattle
1025:31 May
950:
944:96–510
942:
860:
852:
846:94–580
844:
508:, old
492:Paints
393:cases.
390:40 CFR
289:U-List
285:P-List
170:, the
34:Under
30:, U.S.
1173:- EPA
1115:EPA.
850:Stat.
709:One "
1027:2013
997:2013
854:2795
671:and
494:and
447:coal
441:and
439:ores
287:and
117:The
105:and
82:and
688:or
594:of
1192::
1087:.
1062:.
1035:^
1013:.
983:.
919:.
900:^
856:,
726:.
684:,
602:).
556:,
552:,
541:,
537:,
523:,
519:,
504:,
376:)
361:,
283::
38:,
26:,
1073:.
1029:.
999:.
692:.
560:)
449:;
277:)
267:)
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