Health - Knowledge

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assessment at that point of progress or lack thereof. Progress has been limited to many objectives, leading to concerns about the effectiveness of Healthy People in shaping outcomes in the context of a decentralized and uncoordinated US health system. Healthy People 2020 gives more prominence to health promotion and preventive approaches and adds a substantive focus on the importance of addressing social determinants of health. A new expanded digital interface facilitates use and dissemination rather than bulky printed books as produced in the past. The impact of these changes to Healthy People will be determined in the coming years.

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not as a state, but in dynamic terms of resiliency, in other words, as "a resource for living". In 1984, WHO revised the definition of health defined it as "the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities." Thus, health referred to the ability to maintain

852:. The CDC states that physical exercise can reduce the risks of heart disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, depression, and anxiety. For the purpose of counteracting possible risks, it is often recommended to start physical exercise gradually as one goes. Participating in any exercising, whether it is housework, yardwork, walking or standing up when talking on the phone, is often thought to be better than none when it comes to health. 759: 357: 1178: 1580: 169:, in terms of "physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". Although this definition was welcomed by some as being innovative, it was also criticized for being vague and excessively broad and was not construed as measurable. For a long time, it was set aside as an impractical ideal, with most discussions of health returning to the practicality of the biomedical model. 1406: 1002: 1004: 1005: 4255: 1417:

Public health has been described as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals." It is concerned with threats to the overall health of a

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Transparency of information is another factor defining a delivery system. Access to information on conditions, treatments, quality, and pricing greatly affects the choice by patients/consumers and, therefore, the incentives of medical professionals. While the US healthcare system has come under fire

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Although the majority of these health issues are preventable, a major contributor to global ill health is the fact that approximately 1 billion people lack access to health care systems. Arguably, the most common and harmful health issue is that a great many people do not have access to quality

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In the first decade of the 21st century, the conceptualization of health as an ability opened the door for self-assessments to become the main indicators to judge the performance of efforts aimed at improving human health. It also created the opportunity for every person to feel healthy, even in the

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interventions and a person's surroundings, a number of other factors are known to influence the health status of individuals. These are referred to as the "determinants of health", which include the individual's background, lifestyle, economic status, social conditions and spirituality; Studies have

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Just as there was a shift from viewing disease as a state to thinking of it as a process, the same shift happened in definitions of health. Again, the WHO played a leading role when it fostered the development of the health promotion movement in the 1980s. This brought in a new conception of health,

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Mental illness is described as 'the spectrum of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral conditions that interfere with social and emotional well-being and the lives and productivity of people. Having a mental illness can seriously impair, temporarily or permanently, the mental functioning of a person.

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Program has been a visible component of the United States' approach to improving population health. In each decade, a new version of Healthy People is issued, featuring updated goals and identifying topic areas and quantifiable objectives for health improvement during the succeeding ten years, with

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World Health Organization (2005). Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging evidence, Practice: A report of the World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse in collaboration with the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation and the University of Melbourne. World Health

2503:, pp. 303–04. "The linear model supported previous findings, including regular exercise, limited alcohol consumption, abstinence from smoking, sleeping 7–8 hours a night, and maintenance of a healthy weight play an important role in promoting longevity and delaying illness and death." Citing 903:

to humans", speaking to the dangers of long-term nighttime work due to its intrusion on sleep. In 2015, the National Sleep Foundation released updated recommendations for sleep duration requirements based on age, and concluded that "Individuals who habitually sleep outside the normal range may be

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has been linked to an increased risk for some chronic health problems. In addition, sleep deprivation has been shown to correlate with both increased susceptibility to illness and slower recovery times from illness. In one study, people with chronic insufficient sleep, set as six hours of sleep a

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societies provide no guarantee of healthcare for the population as a whole. In such societies, healthcare is available to those that can afford to pay for it or have self-insured it (either directly or as part of an employment contract) or who may be covered by care financed by the government or

534:, linked to lower overall health and well-being. It has been demonstrated that increased time spent in natural environments is associated with improved self-reported health, suggesting that the positive health benefits of natural space in urban neighborhoods should be taken into account in 636:

Lifestyle choices are contributing factors to poor health in many cases. These include smoking cigarettes, and can also include a poor diet, whether it is overeating or an overly constrictive diet. Inactivity can also contribute to health issues and also a lack of sleep, excessive alcohol

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is a pyramid-shaped guide of healthy foods divided into sections. Each section shows the recommended intake for each food group (i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrates and sugars). Making healthy food choices can lower one's risk of heart disease and the risk of developing some types of

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In low-income countries, modern healthcare is often too expensive for the average person. International healthcare policy researchers have advocated that "user fees" be removed in these areas to ensure access, although even after removal, significant costs and barriers remain.

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in their offices or clinics or at local community hospitals for a patient referred by a primary care provider who first diagnosed or treated the patient. Referrals are made for those patients who required the expertise or procedures performed by specialists. These include both

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for lack of openness, new legislation may encourage greater openness. There is a perceived tension between the need for transparency on the one hand and such issues as patient confidentiality and the possible exploitation of information for commercial gain on the other.

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over age 70, found that frequent volunteering was associated with reduced risk of dying compared with older persons who did not volunteer, regardless of physical health status. Another study from Singapore reported that volunteering retirees had significantly better

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in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community". Mental health is not just the absence of mental illness.

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and health-related issues to understand how humans (and animals) function, and the application of that knowledge to improve health and to prevent and cure diseases and other physical and mental impairments. The science builds on many sub-fields, including

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and financing frameworks are established by individual governments, augmented on occasion by international organizations, such as churches. The characteristics of any given health care system have significant impact on the way medical care is provided.

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Personal health depends partially on the active, passive, and assisted cues people observe and adopt about their own health. These include personal actions for preventing or minimizing the effects of a disease, usually a chronic condition, through

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In general, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for both his health status and quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of

383:. Beverage taxes came into light with increasing concerns about obesity, particularly among youth. Sugar-sweetened beverages have become a target of anti-obesity initiatives with increasing evidence of their link to obesity.—such as the 1974 618:, especially among children. One of the groups malnutrition affects most is young children. Approximately 7.5 million children under the age of 5 die from malnutrition, usually brought on by not having the money to find or make food. 778:

are consumed in relatively large quantities and include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats and fatty acids. Micronutrients – vitamins and minerals – are consumed in relatively smaller quantities, but are essential to body processes. The

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Approximately twenty percent of all adults in the US are considered diagnosable with a mental disorder. Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States and Canada. Examples of these disorders include

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and recover from adverse events. Mental, intellectual, emotional and social health referred to a person's ability to handle stress, to acquire skills, to maintain relationships, all of which form resources for resiliency and

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further stated that health is not just a state, but also "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities."

145:. An example of such a definition of health is: "a state characterized by anatomic, physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with 1538:

The great positive impact of public health programs is widely acknowledged. Due in part to the policies and actions developed through public health, the 20th century registered a decrease in the mortality rates for

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causes, such as whether the society is arranged in a way that makes it easier or harder for people to get necessary healthcare services. Still, other factors are beyond both individual and group choices, such as

3719: 2253: 2246:"Creating a Pandemic of Health: Opportunities and Lessons for a University Initiative at the Intersection of Health, Equity, and Innovation | Harvard Public Health Review: A Student Publication" 2049:

Health promotion : a discussion document on the concept and principles : summary report of the Working Group on Concept and Principles of Health Promotion, Copenhagen, 9–13 July 1984

1260:, schools, home visits, and other places close to patients. About 90% of medical visits can be treated by the primary care provider. These include treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, 141:

perspective, early definitions of health focused on the theme of the body's ability to function; health was seen as a state of normal function that could be disrupted from time to time by

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Many governments view occupational health as a social challenge and have formed public organizations to ensure the health and safety of workers. Examples of these include the British

1630:, a patient who notices his or her shoes are tighter than usual may be having exacerbation of left-sided heart failure, and may require diuretic medication to reduce fluid overload). 875:

night or less, were found to be four times more likely to catch a cold compared to those who reported sleeping for seven hours or more a night. Due to the role of sleep in regulating

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medical services are provided by specialist hospitals or regional centers equipped with diagnostic and treatment facilities not generally available at local hospitals. These include

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to the body. Such nutrients provide the body with energy and keep it running. Nutrients help build and strengthen bones, muscles, and tendons and also regulate body processes (i.e.,

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consumption, and neglect of oral hygiene. There are also genetic disorders that are inherited by the person and can vary in how much they affect the person (and when they surface).

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An increasing number of studies and reports from different organizations and contexts examine the linkages between health and different factors, including lifestyles, environments,

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Garrido M; González-Flores D; Marchena AM; Propr E; García-Parra J; Barriga C; Rodríguez A.B. (2013). "A lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil enhances antioxidant status in humans".

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Andreyeva, Tatiana; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Brownell, Kelly D. (2011). "Estimating the potential of taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce consumption and generate revenue".

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are examples of common preventive public health measures, as are educational campaigns to promote vaccination and the use of condoms (including overcoming resistance to such).

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or a terminal condition, and for the re-examination of determinants of health (away from the traditional approach that focuses on the reduction of the prevalence of diseases).

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is one of the most common. According to GlobalIssues.org, approximately 36 million people die each year from non-communicable (i.e., not contagious) diseases, including

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in most parts of the world. For example, it is estimated that life expectancy has increased for Americans by thirty years since 1900, and worldwide by six years since 1990.

3965: 3536: 3548: 201:. The term "healthy" is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of 1519:. One issue is the access of individuals and communities to health care in terms of financial, geographical or socio-cultural constraints. Applications of the public 1422:

analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as large as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a

1622: – such as about sleep patterns, exercise behavior, nutritional intake and environmental features – may be used to inform personal decisions and actions ( 3667: 2068: 766:

An important way to maintain one's personal health is to have a healthy diet. A healthy diet includes a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods that provide

1108:. Clinical practitioners focus mainly on the health of individuals, while public health practitioners consider the overall health of communities and populations. 1814: 1072:

Organized interventions to improve health based on the principles and procedures developed through the health sciences are provided by practitioners trained in

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White, Mathew P.; Alcock, Ian; Grellier, James; Wheeler, Benedict W.; Hartig, Terry; Warber, Sara L.; Depledge, Michael H.; Fleming, Lora E. (13 June 2019).

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Wingard DL, Berkman LF, Brand RJ (1982). "A multivariate analysis of health-related practices: a nine-year mortality follow-up of the Alameda County Study".

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Lifestyle: the aggregation of personal decisions (i.e., over which the individual has control) that can be said to contribute to, or cause, illness or death;

888: 418:, emerged from the Lalonde report from Canada. The report identified three interdependent fields as key determinants of an individual's health. These are: 4387: 1385:

there are centuries of tradition for separating pharmacists from physicians. In Asian countries, it is traditional for physicians to also provide drugs.

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The focus of public health interventions is to prevent and manage diseases, injuries and other health conditions through surveillance of cases and the

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skills, reduces uncertainty and builds confidence, which also reduces the reaction to stress-causing situations where those skills are applicable.

4434: 544:, or inherited traits from parents, also play a role in determining the health status of individuals and populations. This can encompass both the 2079:

Benz, J; Blakey, C; Oppenheimer, C.C; Scherer, H; Robinson, W.T (2013). "The healthy people initiative: Understanding the user's perspective".

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Modern medical care also depends on information – still delivered in many health care settings on paper records, but increasingly nowadays by

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today remains the largest non-government provider of medical services in the world. Advanced industrial countries (with the exception of the

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all have been found to contribute to good health, especially to the health of infants and children. Some studies have shown that a lack of

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over the relative strengths of genetics and other factors; interactions between genetics and environment may be of particular importance.

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If you want to learn about the health of a population, look at the air they breathe, the water they drink, and the places where they live.

3637: 2024: 1626:, "I feel tired in the morning so I am going to try sleeping on a different pillow"), as well as clinical decisions and treatment plans ( 498:

The environment is often cited as an important factor influencing the health status of individuals. This includes characteristics of the

4419: 2987: 446: 3045:"Health, Non-Medical Determinants of Health, Body weight, Overweight or obese population, self-reported and measured, Total population" 1112:

programs are increasingly being adopted by companies for their value in improving the health and well-being of their employees, as are

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centers, etc. Some primary care providers may also take care of hospitalized patients and deliver babies in a secondary care setting.

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Stokes, J.; Noren, J.; Shindell, S. (1 January 1982). "Definition of terms and concepts applicable to clinical preventive medicine".

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From ancient times, Christian emphasis on practical charity gave rise to the development of systematic nursing and hospitals and the

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has a variety of definitions, which have been used for different purposes over time. In general, it refers to physical and emotional

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exhibiting signs or symptoms of serious health problems or, if done volitionally, may be compromising their health and well-being."

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is commonly associated with health-promoting effects. This is sometimes attributed to the inclusion of bioactive compounds such as

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to certain diseases and health conditions, as well as the habits and behaviors individuals develop through the lifestyle of their

3915: 2975: 4004: 3886: 1641:, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental health and also increased longevity. One American study among 564:

that contributes to poor mental health and causes stress in the lives of many people. One difficulty is the issue raised by the

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More specifically, key factors that have been found to influence whether people are healthy or unhealthy include the following:

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Sleep is an essential component to maintaining health. In children, sleep is also vital for growth and development. Ongoing

1218: 3659: 3244: 2375: 833: 235: 4023:"Continued work employment and volunteerism and mental well-being of older adults: Singapore longitudinal ageing studies" 3070:"Health, Non-Medical Determinants of Health, Body weight, Obese population, self-reported and measured, Total population" 422:

Biomedical: all aspects of health, physical and mental, developed within the human body as influenced by genetic make-up.

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Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

5386: 2065: 1619: 2893:"Preserving Subjective Wellbeing in the Face of Psychopathology: Buffering Effects of Personal Strengths and Resources" 2844: 1053:. Applied health sciences endeavor to better understand and improve human health through applications in areas such as 1802: 1595: 530:

recreational spaces including natural environment leads to lower levels of personal satisfaction and higher levels of

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risks, many jobs also present risks of disease, illness and other long-term health problems. Among the most common

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can co-exist, as even people with multiple chronic diseases or terminal illnesses can consider themselves healthy.

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Pilkington, Stephanie (7 August 2013). "Causes and consequences of sleep deprivation in hospitalized patients".

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Adopted at the First International Conference on Health Promotion, Ottawa, 21 November 1986 – WHO/HPR/HEP/95.1.

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Personal health also depends partially on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of strong

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Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by

5163: 2139:"A Perspective on the Development of the Healthy People 2020 Framework for Improving U.S. Population Health" 1566: 1292: 31: 4104: 3455: 1020:

is the branch of science focused on health. There are two main approaches to health science: the study and

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knowledge and practices as well as personal strategies and organized interventions for staying healthy.

565: 250: 2295: 1888: – range of approaches to preventing, detecting or treating young people’s health risks and issues 3578: 3852: 3429:"IARC Monographs Programme finds cancer hazards associated with shiftwork, painting and firefighting" 3247:. Go4Life, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health. 15 May 2014. Archived from 3210: 2904: 2679: 2542:"On Living a Long, Healthy, and Happy Life, Full of Love, and with no Regrets, until Our Last Breath" 1832: 1674: 1666: 1662: 1498: 1439: 1370: 1288: 1105: 1097: 876: 455: 404: 388: 379:, one specific health policy brought into many countries in recent years was the introduction of the 194: 2950: 1527:

and child health, health services administration, emergency response, and prevention and control of

4891: 4831: 4692: 4424: 4327: 2601: 1775: 1736: 1732: 1451: 1245: 523: 499: 392: 296: 210: 198: 4243: 3456:"National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary" 1909: 261:

environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.

4856: 4485: 4392: 4321: 4259: 3996: 3800:"Impact of separating drug prescribing and dispensing on provider behaviour: Taiwan's experience" 3483: 2648: 2406: 1968: 1528: 1426:). Public health has many sub-fields, but typically includes the interdisciplinary categories of 1308: 1275: 1249: 1151: 1131: 1109: 792: 780: 507: 372: 179: 82: 3751:"Removal of user fees no guarantee of universal health coverage: observations from Burkina Faso" 3296: 3270: 1739:

that many workers are vulnerable to. Workers may also be vulnerable to skin diseases, including

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Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from the

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Provision of medical care is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary care categories.

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The maintenance and promotion of health is achieved through different combination of physical,

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and adequate sleep, and by reducing or avoiding unhealthful activities or situations, such as

70: 3539:. Institute of Medicine at the National Academies of Science. 14 January 2004. Archived from 2668:"Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing" 1413:, 1933. Public health has been promoted – and depicted – in a wide variety of ways. 4957: 4851: 4704: 4404: 4377: 4367: 4273: 4083: 4075: 4034: 3980: 3860: 3811: 3770: 3762: 3590: 3467: 3400: 3392: 3330: 3218: 3006: 2922: 2912: 2738: 2705: 2687: 2632: 2553: 2514: 2390: 2348: 2209: 2088: 1944: 1470: 1458: 1443: 1338: 1296: 1265: 1231: 1227: 1163: 1101: 1054: 896: 825: 758: 689: 685: 553: 380: 360: 138: 91: 86: 78: 2617: 356: 5376: 5318: 5031: 4965: 4886: 4315: 2994: 2459: 2327: 2072: 1694: 1690: 1634: 1579: 1570: 1548: 1532: 1524: 1507:

also takes various actions to limit the health disparities between different areas of the

1435: 1312: 1280: 1261: 1143: 739: 697: 3094: 2792:"What are the different ways a genetic condition can be inherited?: MedlinePlus Genetics" 1861: 828:

and overall health and wellness. It strengthens one's bones and muscles and improves the

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Achieving and maintaining health is an ongoing process, shaped by both the evolution of

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is the application of methods to either reduce stress or increase tolerance to stress.

1469:. Its aim is to prevent health problems from happening or re-occurring by implementing 1271: 1017: 991: 775: 771: 471: 384: 301: 246: 223: 5204: 5128: 2775: 182:. This opens up many possibilities for health to be taught, strengthened and learned. 5370: 5262: 4876: 4861: 4841: 4642: 4627: 4612: 4525: 4520: 4414: 4337: 4079: 3487: 3334: 1844: 1806: 1798:

in many countries, have further complicated the interaction between work and health.

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Other terms include: 'mental health problem', 'illness', 'disorder', 'dysfunction'.

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Bodily injuries are also a common health issue worldwide. These injuries, including

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Percentage of overweight or obese population in 2010. Data source: OECD's iLibrary.

735: 615: 604: 206: 3689: 3069: 3044: 614:

Another health issue that causes death or contributes to other health problems is

2917: 2092: 2017:"Part 1 – Theory: Thinking About Health Chapter 1 Concepts of Health and Illness" 4916: 4806: 4724: 4647: 4597: 4500: 4064:"Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain" 2541: 2352: 1756: 1689:, which work by reducing response to stress. Improving relevant skills, such as 1615: 1490: 1410: 1334: 1198: 1089: 995: 884: 880: 845: 723: 552:. For example, genetics may play a role in the manner in which people cope with 467: 239: 214: 174: 59: 3864: 3471: 3248: 2692: 2616:

Björk J, Albin M, Grahn P, Jacobsson H, Ardö J, Wadbro J, Ostergren PO (2008).

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The UN World Water Development Report: Facts and Figures – Meeting basic needs.

2047: 1847: – Study and causes of differences in the quality of health and healthcare 1177: 5229: 5038: 5006: 4871: 4796: 4764: 4744: 4617: 4607: 4567: 4547: 4505: 3901: 3431:. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 5 December 2007. Archived from 2742: 2214: 2197: 1987: 1867: 1744: 1682: 1374: 1300: 1135: 1093: 1025: 900: 800: 660: 426: 330: 166: 154: 150: 146: 47: 43: 17: 4238: 3984: 3602: 3519: 2701: 2636: 2402: 2223: 2170: 2100: 1956: 1835: – Public health branch focused on environmental impacts on human health 1778:, presenting a different array of health problems than those associated with 1009:

The Dutch Public Health Service provides medical care for the natives of the

85:, such as whether to engage in a high-risk behavior, while others are due to 5277: 5023: 5014: 4866: 4699: 4677: 4667: 4622: 4602: 4572: 4562: 4537: 4460: 4409: 4039: 4022: 3816: 3799: 3749:

Laokri S, Weil O, Drabo KM, Dembelé SM, Kafando B, Dujardin B (April 2013).

3579:"Factors Affecting the Nutritional Health of Tribal Children in Maharashtra" 2848: 1817:, which handles regulation and policy relating to worker safety and health. 1748: 1724: 1647: 1560: 1512: 1366: 1304: 1284: 1241: 1081: 837: 767: 630: 273: 69:

Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as regular

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Kantola, Jussi Ilari; Barath, Tibor; Nazir, Salman; Andre, Terence (2017).

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Jonathan, E. Fielding; Shiriki, Kumanyika; Ronald, W. Manderscheid (2013).

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are physical methods used to relieve stress. Psychological methods include

4254: 3766: 2526: 2198:"Creating a pandemic of health: What is the role of digital technologies?" 1964: 1853: – Natural, artificial, or technological alteration of the human body 629:, can reduce a person's quality of life or can cause fatalities including 5349: 5270: 5211: 5091: 4999: 4881: 4801: 4759: 4734: 4709: 4657: 4587: 4532: 4495: 4490: 4480: 4475: 4465: 4127: 3840: 3396: 3153: 1795: 1686: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1423: 1345: 1206: 1125: 1085: 1073: 1021: 821: 816: 804: 589: 549: 541: 459: 415: 364: 315: 277: 3549:"The Case For Single Payer, Universal Health Care for the United States" 161:". Then, in 1948, in a radical departure from previous definitions, the 5325: 5311: 5244: 5184: 5177: 5142: 5105: 5070: 4826: 4749: 4719: 4672: 4632: 4557: 4515: 1948: 1838: 1787: 1752: 1642: 1603: 1599: 1540: 1508: 1210: 1182: 1077: 1038: 1030: 608: 577: 557: 531: 479: 475: 320: 258: 142: 74: 51: 27:

Desirable level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being

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Advances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education

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jobs has risen in developed countries, more and more jobs have become

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Chou YJ, Yip WC, Lee CH, Huang N, Sun YP, Chang HJ (September 2003).

1813:, which conducts research on occupational health and safety, and the 1740: 1712: 1494: 1253: 1223: 1202: 785: 762:

Percentage of obese population in 2010. Data source: OECD's iLibrary.

585: 325: 63: 703: Many factors contribute to mental health problems, including: 1882: – Broad subject that encompasses all facets of women's health 633:

that resulted from the injury (or the severity injury in general).

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Hirshkowitz, Max; Whiton, Kaitlyn; et al. (14 January 2015).

2052:(ICP/HSR 602(m01)5 p). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. 1578: 1544: 1516: 1404: 1217: 1176: 1170: 999: 861: 757: 749: 519: 511: 463: 355: 1864: – Broad subject that encompasses all facets of men's health 788:, and can help one maintain their weight within a healthy range. 165:(WHO) proposed a definition that aimed higher, linking health to 137:

The meaning of health has evolved over time. In keeping with the

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may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in

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HSE (Health and Safety Executive of Great Britain) Skin at work

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This article is about the human condition. For other uses, see

4911: 4120: 2432: 2376:"The Alameda County Study: A Systematic, Chronological Review" 2046:

World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (1984).

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Lifestyle Management: Achieving & Maintaining Good Health

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Bos, E.H.; Snippe, E.; de Jonge, P.; Jeronimus, B.F. (2016).

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are the most common, causing millions of deaths every year.

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with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease.

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can be vital to preventing it in others, such as during an

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shown that high levels of stress can affect human health.

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School-age children (6–13 years)

257:, the main determinants of health include the social and 4175: 253:

choices of the individual and society. According to the

4134:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 2374:

Housman, Jeff; Dorman, Steve (September–October 2005).

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Among communicable diseases, both viral and bacterial,

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A number of health issues are common around the globe.

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and over which the individual has little or no control;

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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

1786:. Contemporary problems, such as the growing rate of 1481:. In many cases, treating a disease or controlling a 1130:

Contemporary medicine is in general conducted within

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issues including access to health care and improving

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The first ten years of the World Health Organization

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practices to prevent infection and illness, such as

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is a practice in medicine and pharmacy in which the

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Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry

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Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, 5th century BC

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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1162:system, or compulsory private or co-operative 1158:that aims to guarantee care for all through a 891:, which is the cancer research agency for the 5347: 5331: 4281: 2500: 1815:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1154:provide medical services through a system of 879:, insufficient sleep may also play a role in 8: 4162:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4021:Schwingel A, Niti MM, Tang C, Ng TP (2009). 2318:A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians 1841: – Process of the restoration of health 1465:, and (in aspects relevant to human health) 5283: 5260: 5251: 5242: 3021: 3019: 2125:History & Development of Healthy People 1454:are also important areas of public health. 889:International Agency for Research on Cancer 81:. Some factors affecting health are due to 4922: 4388:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues 4288: 4274: 4266: 3275:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2310: 2308: 2306: 1914:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 906: 4087: 4038: 3914:Association of Schools of Public Health. 3885:Association of Schools of Public Health. 3815: 3774: 3755:Bulletin of the World Health Organization 3404: 3178:. Livelifewell.nsw.gov.au. Archived from 2926: 2916: 2709: 2691: 2557: 2322:Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services. 2213: 895:, declared that "shiftwork that involves 713:Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse 3551:. Cthealth.server101.com. Archived from 2489:The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. 1477:, administering services and conducting 1363:Separation of prescribing and dispensing 710:Family history of mental health problems 4435:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths 3297:"Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle" 2196:Jadad, Alejandro R. (1 November 2016). 1901: 1870: – Collaborative global initiative 659:describes mental health as "a state of 3841:"The Untilled Fields of Public Health" 3900:Hispanics and the Future of America. 3640:from the original on 17 February 2004 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 7: 3903:Access to and Quality of Health Care 3730:from the original on 17 January 2021 3700:from the original on 23 January 2021 3670:from the original on 28 January 2021 2383:American Journal of Health Education 2011: 2009: 1857:List of health and wellness podcasts 1120:Role of medicine and medical science 836:, there are four types of exercise: 4420:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers 1654:, and better mental well-being and 447:Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 4194:. U.K. Health and Safety Executive 2859:. Intrahealth.org. 15 January 2013 2519:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113466 1986:World Health Organization (1958). 1614:; storing, preparing and handling 185:Since the late 1970s, the federal 25: 1274:medical services are provided by 1240:medical services are provided by 976:Older Adults (65 years and over) 391:in California; and the series of 4253: 4103: 3335:10.7748/ns2013.08.27.49.35.e7649 2449:Georgia State University. 1998. 2294:Public Health Agency of Canada. 1658:than non-volunteering retirees. 560:is a significant problem in the 3964:Harris AH, Thoresen CE (2005). 3511:A Short History of Christianity 2413:. ERIC document number EJ792845 2202:Journal of Public Health Policy 1910:"Benefits of Physical Activity" 4373:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues 4080:10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.4/bmcewen 3946:Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 3595:10.1080/09735070.2010.11886359 2845:"United Nations Global Issues" 2395:10.1080/19325037.2005.10608200 2066:Federal Prevention Initiatives 1707:Occupational safety and health 694:post-traumatic stress disorder 341:Personal health practices and 1: 4192:"Health and Safety Executive" 4128:"Skin Exposure & Effects" 3013:. Retrieved 16 November 2019. 2774:Shah, Anup (5 January 2014). 2300:Ottawa. Accessed 12 May 2011. 2285:Geneva. Accessed 12 May 2011. 2250:harvardpublichealthreview.org 1598:. They also include personal 1584: 1493:programs and distribution of 1459:promotion of healthy behavior 1268:for all ages and both sexes. 887:. Additionally, in 2007, the 834:National Institutes of Health 282:Employment/working conditions 236:Social determinants of health 5022: 5013: 4990: 4244:Resources in other libraries 3973:Journal of Health Psychology 3577:Sonowal, C.J. (April 2010). 3356:Shilo Rea (31 August 2015). 2918:10.1371/journal.pone.0150867 2093:10.1097/PHH.0b013e318254cc31 1620:observations of daily living 1547:and a continual increase in 1333:treatment centers, advanced 883:or, conversely, in impeding 5119: 4956: 4933: 3930:World Health Organization. 3724:International Medical Corps 2487:World Health Organization. 2431:World Health Organization. 2353:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.03.013 2282:The determinants of health. 2279:World Health Organization. 1937:Journal of Community Health 1803:Health and Safety Executive 1612:brushing and flossing teeth 522:, and safe communities and 5403: 4178:. U.S. Department of Labor 3865:10.1126/science.51.1306.23 3804:Health Policy and Planning 3616:Sipkoff M (January 2004). 3472:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010 3121:"What are macronutrients?" 2693:10.1038/s41598-019-44097-3 1829: – Impact of diseases 1704: 1564: 1558: 1398: 1392: 1196: 1123: 989: 859: 814: 743: 733: 648: 592:and chronic lung disease. 233: 29: 4239:Resources in your library 4123:Retrieved on 20 June 2009 3951:Health in Everyday Living 3936:, accessed 20 April 2011. 3583:Studies on Ethno-Medicine 3271:"Physical Activity Facts" 3125:MD Anderson Cancer Center 2743:10.1007/978-3-319-42070-7 2501:Housman & Dorman 2005 2215:10.1057/s41271-016-0016-1 1583:A lady washing her hands 1497:to prevent the spread of 944:Preschoolers (3–5 years) 893:World Health Organization 682:major depressive disorder 657:World Health Organization 255:World Health Organization 224:multiple chronic diseases 163:World Health Organization 122:World Health Organization 104:World Health Organization 3985:10.1177/1359105305057310 3933:Life expectancy at birth 3007:"What Is Mental Health?" 2847:. Un.org. Archived from 2637:10.1136/jech.2007.062414 1511:and, in some cases, the 1373:is independent from the 1160:single-payer health care 960:Teenagers (14–17 years) 746:List of nutrition guides 510:. Factors such as clean 403:outcomes, especially in 373:health care organization 367:eradication team in 1966 4068:Dialogues Clin Neurosci 3921:Retrieved 24 June 2010. 3917:Impact of Public Health 3720:"Secondary Health Care" 3385:Obesity (Silver Spring) 3075:. OECD's iLibrary. 2013 3050:. OECD's iLibrary. 2013 2468:. Anchor Points, Inc., 2434:The world health report 2326:28 October 2014 at the 2297:What Determines Health? 2171:"How stressed are you?" 1790:and issues relating to 1567:Chronic care management 1341:, high-risk pregnancy, 1293:intensive care medicine 1106:health care professions 899:disruption is probably 32:Health (disambiguation) 5348: 5332: 5284: 5261: 5252: 5243: 3891:Retrieved 24 June 2010 3888:What is Public Health? 2458:11 August 2019 at the 2452:Health Triangle Slides 2314:Lalonde, Marc (1974). 1761:carpal tunnel syndrome 1590: 1414: 1234: 1185: 1114:school health services 1059:biomedical engineering 1014: 928:Infants (4–11 months) 920:Newborns (0–3 months) 824:enhances or maintains 763: 755: 582:cardiovascular disease 496: 368: 112: 4837:Righteous indignation 4040:10.1093/ageing/afp089 3817:10.1093/heapol/czg038 3767:10.2471/BLT.12.110015 3245:"4 Types of Exercise" 2881:Organization. Geneva. 2606:Accessed 12 May 2011. 2146:Public Health Reviews 1719:are various forms of 1717:occupational diseases 1675:Relaxation techniques 1648:cognitive performance 1582: 1523:include the areas of 1499:communicable diseases 1408: 1389:Role of public health 1289:Emergency departments 1221: 1180: 1156:universal health care 1008: 968:Adults (18–64 years) 936:Toddlers (1–2 years) 830:cardiovascular system 761: 753: 363:as part of the CDC's 359: 292:Physical environments 195:health care providers 4355:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā 4262:at Wikimedia Commons 3397:10.1038/oby.2007.118 3156:on 26 September 2011 3119:Alexander, Heather. 2993:28 July 2014 at the 2540:Jadad, A.R. (2013). 2071:15 June 2016 at the 1833:Environmental health 1667:cognitive impairment 1663:psychological stress 1635:social relationships 1555:Self-care strategies 1471:educational programs 1440:environmental health 1371:medical prescription 1295:, surgery services, 1246:physician assistants 1152:developing countries 1098:occupational therapy 456:Alameda County Study 410:The concept of the " 405:developing countries 393:World Health Reports 389:Alameda County Study 331:Health care services 211:healthy environments 5387:Main topic articles 4425:Theological virtues 4328:Positive psychology 3857:1920Sci....51...23W 3839:Winslow CE (1920). 3543:on 19 October 2009. 3215:2013JSFA...93.1820G 3182:on 27 February 2014 3073:(Online Statistics) 3048:(Online Statistics) 2909:2016PLoSO..1150867B 2816:"Genetic Disorders" 2684:2019NatSR...9.7730W 2466:The Health Triangle 2341:Preventive Medicine 1737:respiratory illness 1652:depressive symptoms 1452:occupational health 1418:community based on 1276:medical specialists 1250:nurse practitioners 1132:health care systems 908: 832:. According to the 500:natural environment 414:" as distinct from 297:Social environments 203:healthy communities 199:veterinary sciences 4857:Self-transcendence 4449:Individual virtues 4393:Nine Noble Virtues 4322:Nicomachean Ethics 4062:McEwen BS (2006). 3514:. Penguin Viking. 3508:Blainey G (2011). 2951:"Mental disorders" 2672:Scientific Reports 2546:Verhaltenstherapie 1949:10.1007/bf01324395 1591: 1415: 1307:units, diagnostic 1301:labor and delivery 1235: 1186: 1110:Workplace wellness 1015: 912:Age and condition 907: 797:phenolic compounds 793:Mediterranean diet 781:food guide pyramid 764: 756: 508:social environment 474:use, and avoiding 442:"health triangle." 369: 180:independent living 83:individual choices 5364: 5363: 5360: 5359: 4511:Conscientiousness 4378:Epistemic virtues 4258:Media related to 4220:Library resources 3664:www.arthapedia.in 3223:10.1002/jsfa.5972 3027:"OECD Statistics" 2822:. August 20, 2021 2752:978-3-319-42069-1 2559:10.1159/000357490 2464:Nutter S. (2003) 2177:. 6 November 2013 2027:on 12 August 2016 1874:Population health 1851:Human enhancement 1770:As the number of 1687:positive thinking 1679:cognitive therapy 1671:Stress management 1656:life satisfaction 1575:Stress management 1448:behavioral health 1420:population health 1379:prescription drug 1377:who provides the 1339:organ transplants 1051:medical sociology 1011:Dutch East Indies 1006: 983: 982: 872:sleep deprivation 866:Sleep deprivation 822:Physical exercise 504:built environment 387:from Canada; the 353: 352: 337:child development 213:. 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Geneva: WHO. 1985: 1984: 1980: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1919: 1917: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1889: 1823: 1711:In addition to 1709: 1703: 1695:time management 1691:problem solving 1587: 1577: 1571:Social relation 1563: 1557: 1549:life expectancy 1436:health services 1409:Postage stamp, 1403: 1397: 1391: 1369:who provides a 1337:unit services, 1313:medical imaging 1281:ambulatory care 1262:preventive care 1213: 1195: 1144:Catholic Church 1128: 1122: 1000: 998: 990:Main articles: 988: 986:Role of science 947:10 to 13 hours 939:11 to 14 hours 931:12 to 15 hours 923:14 to 17 hours 868: 860:Main articles: 858: 819: 813: 748: 742: 740:Human nutrition 734:Main articles: 732: 720: 653: 647: 574: 495: 492: 444:The WHO's 1986 354: 242: 232: 135: 126: 124: 116: 114: 107: 100: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5400: 5398: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5369: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5345: 5338: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5290: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5240: 5233: 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2021 1900: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1883: 1880:Women's health 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1827:Disease burden 1822: 1819: 1784:primary sector 1772:service sector 1765:lead poisoning 1721:pneumoconiosis 1705:Main article: 1702: 1699: 1650:scores, fewer 1559:Main article: 1556: 1553: 1393:Main article: 1390: 1387: 1327:trauma centers 1272:Secondary care 1194: 1191: 1124:Main article: 1121: 1118: 1018:Health science 992:Health science 987: 984: 981: 980: 977: 973: 972: 969: 965: 964: 963:8 to 10 hours 961: 957: 956: 955:9 to 11 hours 953: 949: 948: 945: 941: 940: 937: 933: 932: 929: 925: 924: 921: 917: 916: 913: 857: 854: 815:Main article: 812: 809: 776:Macronutrients 772:blood pressure 731: 728: 719: 716: 715: 714: 711: 708: 649:Main article: 646: 643: 623:bone fractures 573: 570: 546:predisposition 538:and land use. 490: 434: 433: 430: 423: 385:Lalonde report 351: 350: 346: 345: 339: 333: 328: 323: 318: 307: 306: 305: 302:Social support 299: 294: 289: 283: 280: 266: 247:health science 231: 228: 207:healthy cities 187:Healthy People 118:"Constitution" 102: 101: 99: 96: 26: 24: 18:Healthy living 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5399: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5382:Personal life 5380: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5282: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5089: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5034: 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3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3450: 3447: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3391:(3): 643–53. 3390: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3372: 3359: 3352: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3329:(49): 35–42. 3328: 3324: 3317: 3314: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3276: 3272: 3266: 3263: 3250: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3194: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3126: 3122: 3115: 3112: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3003: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2887: 2884: 2877: 2874: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2821: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2779:Global Issues 2777: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2619: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2597: 2594: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2560: 2555: 2552:(4): 287–89. 2551: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2513:(5): 765–75. 2512: 2508: 2502: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2481: 2475: 2474:0-9748760-0-3 2471: 2467: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2428: 2425: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2389:(5): 302–08. 2388: 2384: 2377: 2370: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2347:(6): 413–16. 2346: 2342: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2319: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2208:(2): 260–68. 2207: 2203: 2199: 2192: 2189: 2176: 2172: 2166: 2163: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2140: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2118: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2087:(2): 103–09. 2086: 2082: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2051: 2050: 2042: 2039: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1999:9789241560146 1995: 1991: 1990: 1982: 1979: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1931: 1928: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1895: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1845:Health equity 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1807:United States 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1780:manufacturing 1777: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1708: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1608:washing hands 1605: 1601: 1597: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1521:health system 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505:Public health 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1473:, developing 1472: 1468: 1464: 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Health and 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 452: 449: 448: 443: 439: 431: 428: 424: 421: 420: 419: 417: 413: 412:health field, 408: 406: 402: 401:public health 398: 397:global health 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 377:health policy 374: 366: 362: 358: 349: 344: 343:coping skills 340: 338: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 313: 310: 309: 308: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 287:social status 284: 281: 279: 275: 272: 271: 270: 269: 265: 262: 260: 256: 252: 248: 241: 237: 229: 227: 225: 219: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 191: 188: 183: 181: 176: 170: 168: 164: 160: 159:social stress 156: 155:psychological 152: 148: 144: 140: 134: 123: 119: 111: 106:'s definition 105: 97: 95: 93: 88: 84: 80: 77:or excessive 76: 72: 67: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 5340: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5292: 5276: 5269: 5235: 5228: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5148: 5141: 5134: 5127: 5111: 5104: 5099:Brahmacharya 5097: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5037: 5030: 5005: 4998: 4982: 4964: 4948: 4941: 4897:Tranquillity 4847:Self-control 4817:Renunciation 4775:Philanthropy 4770:Perspicacity 4730:Magnificence 4683:Intelligence 4663:Impartiality 4583:Faithfulness 4471:Authenticity 4397: 4383:Five virtues 4360: 4353: 4333:Trait theory 4320: 4234:Online books 4224: 4196:. Retrieved 4180:. Retrieved 4164:. Retrieved 4151: 4136:. Retrieved 4132:NIOSH Topics 4131: 4113: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4005:the original 3976: 3972: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3932: 3926: 3916: 3910: 3902: 3896: 3887: 3881: 3848: 3844: 3834: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3732:. Retrieved 3723: 3714: 3702:. Retrieved 3693: 3684: 3672:. Retrieved 3663: 3654: 3642:. Retrieved 3628:(1): 38–42. 3625: 3622:Managed Care 3621: 3611: 3589:(1): 21–36. 3586: 3582: 3572: 3557:. Retrieved 3553:the original 3541:the original 3528: 3510: 3503: 3491:. Retrieved 3466:(1): 40–43. 3463: 3460:Sleep Health 3459: 3449: 3437:. Retrieved 3433:the original 3423: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3362:. Retrieved 3351: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3304:. Retrieved 3300: 3291: 3279:. Retrieved 3274: 3265: 3253:. Retrieved 3249:the original 3239: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3184:. Retrieved 3180:the original 3170: 3160:24 September 3158:. Retrieved 3154:the original 3149: 3140: 3128:. Retrieved 3124: 3114: 3102:. 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Retrieved 1913: 1904: 1886:Youth health 1862:Men's health 1800: 1769: 1723:, including 1710: 1701:Occupational 1660: 1639:volunteering 1632: 1627: 1623: 1592: 1537: 1503: 1467:environments 1456: 1428:epidemiology 1416: 1361: 1357: 1350: 1321: 1270: 1238:Primary care 1236: 1214: 1187: 1181:Modern drug 1168: 1141: 1129: 1071: 1047:pharmacology 1043:epidemiology 1035:biochemistry 1016: 915:Sleep needs 901:carcinogenic 869: 820: 790: 765: 736:Healthy diet 721: 702: 670: 666: 654: 639: 635: 620: 616:malnutrition 613: 605:tuberculosis 594: 575: 540: 528:neighborhood 497: 486: 485: 453: 445: 441: 435: 416:medical care 411: 409: 370: 347: 263: 243: 230:Determinants 222:presence of 220: 192: 184: 171: 136: 127:25 September 125:. Retrieved 121: 113: 109: 68: 50:, absent of 39: 38: 36: 4917:Workmanship 4807:Punctuality 4725:Magnanimity 4648:Hospitality 4598:Forgiveness 4543:Discernment 4501:Cleanliness 3493:25 November 3439:25 November 3364:25 November 3146:"Nutrients" 3099:www.who.int 3079:13 December 3054:12 December 2955:www.who.int 2678:(1): 7730. 2417:27 December 1805:and in the 1757:skin cancer 1735:is another 1616:food safely 1610:with soap; 1588: 1655 1491:Vaccination 1463:communities 1411:New Zealand 1335:neonatology 1199:Health care 1150:) and many 1090:social work 1013:, May 1946. 996:Health care 885:weight loss 881:weight gain 846:flexibility 801:isoprenoids 724:health care 718:Maintaining 518:, adequate 470:, limiting 468:body weight 285:Income and 240:Risk factor 215:health care 175:homeostasis 60:mental pain 58:(including 5371:Categories 5230:Auctoritas 5078:Aparigraha 5057:Adhiṭṭhāna 5039:Sophrosyne 5007:Eutrapelia 4892:Temperance 4872:Solidarity 4862:Simplicity 4822:Resilience 4797:Politeness 4765:Patriotism 4745:Moderation 4618:Good faith 4608:Generosity 4568:Equanimity 4548:Discipline 4506:Compassion 3948:. 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