52:
945:. There are three versions of Partnership Hearts. In the first, partners sit opposite one another and combine their scores, a team that successfully shoots the moon causing the other to earn 52 penalty points. In the second, partners also face each other at the table, but keep individual scores. A player shooting the moon must do this alone. When a player reaches 100 or more, the partners combine their scores and the team with the lower score wins. The third is really a variant of Omnibus Hearts with a
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287:
taking any hearts in tricks. The basic format has changed little since. Two scoring variants were mentioned under the name 'Double or Eagle Game'. The first was the precursor to Spot Hearts whereby the cards of the heart suit cost the following in chips: Ace 14, King 13, Queen 12, Jack 11 and pip cards their face value. The second scoring scheme was: Ace 5, King 4, Queen 3, Jack 2 and all pips 1 chip each.
467:. If two or more players have the lowest number of hearts, they divide the spoils and any remainder stays on the table for the next round. So if A and B have two hearts, C has three and D has six, C pays 3 chips, D pays 6 and A and B claim 4 each, leaving the remaining chip on the table. A player who revokes in order to avoid taking 13 chips, pays 8 to each opponent.
874:
player winning the first trick takes the widow and any hearts it contains. That player may look at these cards, but may not show them to anyone. Otherwise, the game is played as normal. The key difference from basic Hearts is that the first winner is the only one who knows how many and which hearts are still to be played.
688:, the Black Lady, is an additional penalty card worth 13 points. The first description of the game already included the feature of discarding cards to one's neighbour after the deal. Over time, the game has developed elaborations such as 'shooting the moon' and passing cards in different directions with each deal.
750:
Cancellation Hearts was first described in 1950 by
Culbertson and is a variant designed for larger numbers of players, typically 6 to 11 players, using two packs shuffled together. If exactly the same card is played twice in one trick, the cards cancel each other out and neither can win the trick. If
634:
by stating the number of chips he or she is willing to pay for the privilege of naming the suit; the succeeding players may pass or bid higher. The dealer goes last and there is only one round of bidding. The player who wins the auction pays the winning bid into the pool and leads to the first trick.
462:
A player taking all 13 hearts pays 13 chips: four to each opponent and one to the table. Otherwise, the player with the lowest number of hearts wins and the others pay that player in chips the number of hearts they took. So if A has one heart, B two, C four and D six, A will receive 2 chips from B, 4
349:
The game has increased in popularity through
Internet gaming sites which, however, usually offer the Black Lady variant while still calling it Hearts, whereas most books maintain the distinction between the two games. Microsoft Windows included Hearts (in fact Black Lady) in its operating system from
968:
Spot Hearts appeared as a variant in the first description of Hearts in 1887, albeit referred to as the Double Game of Hearts or the Eagle Game of Hearts, being first named Spot Hearts by Foster in 1897. Both names continued to be used until the 1920s when Spot Hearts became the standard name of the
894:
In 1950, Culbertson reported that
Omnibus Hearts was "rapidly becoming the most popular of Hearts games" and was so called because it included all the features found in different members of the Hearts family and Arnold states that it is "sufficiently different and popular" to justify being described
650:
Black Jack appeared at the same time as Black Lady, both as alternative names for the more general name of
Discard Hearts. Discard Hearts, as the name suggests, introduced the concept of discarding (also called passing or exchanging) for the first time into Hearts. It is identical to the basic Black
928:
and thirteen hearts), scores 26 plus points for the deal and the rest score zero (noting that in
Culbertson's Black Lady rules, what is now called shooting the moon results in no player scoring for that deal). Arnold (2011) states that Omnibus Hearts is considered the best version of Hearts by many
735:
worth 13 points. It was first described by Hubert
Phillips in the mid-20th century. It usually includes passing to the right (not left as in other variants) which is considered more challenging because you don't know any of the next player's cards. Hitting the moon is an optional rule. Confusingly,
676:
Black Lady appeared in 1909, at which time it was also called
Discard Hearts, and has since become the most popular variant in the United States, overtaking Hearts itself to become a game in its own right. It is frequently, and confusingly, also called Hearts, not least in computer gaming versions.
601:
Each heart captured in tricks incurs a penalty point, there being thirteen penalty points in total. The winner is the player with the lowest score after an agreed number of deals. Alternatively, a target score may be agreed (such as 80 for four players) and when the first player reaches the target,
286:
of 1887 reporting that it had only been played there for "the last five years" and was "probably of German origin". It described Hearts as "a most pleasant game, highly provocative of laughter". It was a no-trump, trick-taking game for four players using a full pack of cards, the aim being to avoid
1017:
score their face value. Foster remarks that "this adds nothing to the interest or skill of the game; but rather tends to create confusion and delay, owing to the numerous disputes as to the correctness of the count." Nevertheless, the game has been regularly listed right up to the present day with
780:
Another variant first noted by Foster in 1909, the key feature is that it is played with a stock. Each player receives six cards and the remainder are placed face down on the table as stock. A player unable to follow suit has to draw cards, one at a time, from the stock until they can follow suit.
353:
The first and only Hearts World
Championship was held in Budapest, Hungary in 2002, shortly after the development of the World Wide Web enabled millions to play Hearts across the globe. It was won by an Englishman named Steven Wilson, who discovered his skill at the game after winning the perfect
1046:
Although it appears wise to play low hearts first, it is usually better to hold onto them until it is clearer, from the fall of the cards, to whom you are giving them. Low hearts are especially handy for passing the lead over in the dangerous final few tricks. The exception to this is when one's
873:
is removed, twelve cards are dealt to each player and the remaining three cards are placed face down in the centre of the table to form the widow. For other numbers of players, the full pack is used, the widow comprising three cards when three play, two when five play and four when six play. The
354:
round of 104-104-104-0 against a computer in 1999. Wilson demolished all of his opponents at the 2002 Championship, it was not renewed for a second year because too many top players dropped out as they were so distraught by the loss. The Hearts World
Championship has yet to be renewed since.
781:
The last player holding cards must pick up any remaining cards in the stock and count them with their tricks. Every heart taken scores one penalty point. As soon as any player reaches or exceeds thirty-one points, the game is over and the winner is the player with the fewest hearts scored.
580:
are left out. Players draw cards to determine the first dealer; lowest deals. Deal and play are clockwise. Dealer shuffles and youngest hand (right of dealer) cuts. The dealer then deals all the cards, individually and face down, beginning with the eldest hand (to the left of the dealer).
759:
A French variant from the second half of the 19th century which originated in both France and
Belgium. The aim is to avoid taking all four Queens as well as all hearts. Three to six may play, but the game is best for four. Queens are worth 13 penalty points each, the hearts (except the
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is to have no cards of one suit. Generally, this is a highly advantageous situation because it stops the player from winning any points in that suit and provides a way to dispose of poor cards. These can be intentionally created with good passing strategy, or appear by themselves.
811:
scores 15, the courts score 10 and the remaining pip cards of the Hearts suit score their face value. A player taking all the penalty cards scores 150, that is, gets paid 150 points by each opponent. There is "a great deal more in the game than there is in
318:. This new variant has since become the standard game of the Hearts group in the United States where it is often, somewhat confusingly, also called "Hearts". To begin with, Black Lady did not have the option of "shooting the moon"; that came later.
229:
game; players avoid winning certain penalty cards in tricks, usually by avoiding winning tricks altogether. The original game of Hearts is still current, but has been overtaken in popularity by Black Lady in the United States and Black Maria in
827:
counts as 10 plus points and a heart card may not be led to the first trick of the game. Maguire's version (1990) is essentially Spot Hearts with passing to the left and Parlett (2008) has a similar scoring system to the original, with the
346:, with its additional penalty cards in the suit of spades, emerged in 1939. Both it and another offshoot, Omnibus Hearts, are "sufficiently different and popular to justify descriptions as separate games."
789:
Greek Hearts is a name given to at least three different variants. In the earliest version, which Phillips and Westall (1939) say is widely played in Greece hence why they call it "Greek Hearts", the
630:. It is a game for four players, although five or six may "form a table". Its novel feature is that, after the deal, players may bid in sequence to declare the penalty suit. Eldest hand begins the
589:
Eldest hand leads to the first trick. Players must follow suit if able; otherwise, they may play any card. The trick is won by the highest card of the suit led, and the winning player
339:
is known as "shooting the moon" and first appeared in Britain in 1939 in a variant of Hearts called Hitting the Moon. Today this feature is a common element of modern Black Lady.
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of all counting cards as "hitting the moon, take-all or slam". The game ends when a player reaches or exceeds 100 penalty points, whereupon the player with the lowest score wins.
1821:
303:
was added as the highest penalty card in a variant called either Discard Hearts, after the new feature of passing unwanted cards to other players following the deal, or
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game. The key difference is that the hearts are now worth values ranging from 2 to 14, rather than being worth 1 chip (or penalty point) each. The actual values are:
768:
and seek to win all the penalty cards; if successful, the opponents score 64 penalty points each; if unsuccessful, the declarer scores 64. A silent (unannounced)
332:
variation (ten positive points) was introduced. Sometime later, the scoring was reversed so that penalty points were expressed as positive instead of negative.
662:
as the penalty card, worth 10 "hearts" (i.e. points). It is last mentioned by Gibson in 1974, only this time with the same penalty as Black Lady of 13 points.
960:
becomes the silent partner of the winning bidder and they combine their scores. If no one bids, the game is played as in Omnibus Hearts with no partnerships.
3167:
1176:
816:'" (Black Lady). Meanwhile, Culbertson (1950) describes it as the game of Black Lady with three changes: three cards are always passed to the right, the
430:. If cards are misdealt, the deal passes to the left. If cards are faced in the pack, the dealer reshuffles, offers it for the cut and re-deals.
374:
The game is usually played by four players, but three to six can be accommodated (see below). The aim is to avoid taking any cards of the heart
246:, which became popular around 1750 in Spain. In this game, a penalty point was awarded for each trick won, plus additional points for taking
1814:
1713:
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1544:
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3134:
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are added, which can be played at any time (regardless if following suit is possible). They cannot win tricks or score any penalty points.
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The hearts score the following in chips: ace 14, king 13, queen 12, jack 11 and pip cards their face value (e.g. the nine is worth 9 chips)
268:
in tricks. A similar game called "Four Jacks" centred around avoiding any trick containing a Jack, which were worth one penalty point, and
1047:
plain suit cards are high or dangerous, but hearts are relatively low. In this case, it may be better to ditch the hearts earlier on.
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two such pairs appear in the same trick, the whole trick is cancelled and the cards are rolled over to the winner of the next trick.
1791:
1667:
1572:
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3119:
1807:
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3125:
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game for four players, although most variations can accommodate between three and six players. It was first recorded in the
51:
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2992:
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is included which earns 10 plus points for the player who takes it in a trick. A player who takes all fifteen counters (
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119:
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1834:
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2215:
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1928:
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210:
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in the 1880s and has many variants, some of which are also referred to as "Hearts", especially the games of
167:
3182:
2879:
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1615:
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as a separate game." In effect, Omnibus Hearts is really a variant of Black Lady where the bonus card of
3015:
2941:
2884:
1891:
383:
482:
The hearts score the following in chips: ace 5, king 4, queen 3, jack 2 and pip cards their face value.
3177:
2540:
2515:
2078:
1990:
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411:
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sometimes the name Black Lady is given to this game and sometimes Black Lady is called Black Maria.
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171:
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1943:
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This could still refer to Reversis, which had been popular in Germany since the mid-18th century.
222:
949:
bid. After the deal, players bid to shoot the moon by taking all tricks. The player holding the
1093:(2014). Sources giving the name Black Maria to Black Lady include Bathe (1998) and Katz (2012).
858:
Heartsette is another very early variant that is still played. Its distinguishing feature is a
702:
Black Maria is the British variant of Hearts and features three additional penalty cards – the
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2843:
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2313:
2258:
2193:
2172:
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1963:
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1901:
1830:
1787:
1762:
1709:
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1663:
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1568:
1540:
1145:
195:
475:
There are two scoring variants known as the Double Game of Hearts (or Eagle Game of Hearts):
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2706:
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1974:
1885:
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33:
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2130:
2051:
2040:
1953:
1873:
1868:
1745:
1722:
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1022:(2009) giving an alternative name of Chip Hearts. Modern rules however, tend to score the
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631:
590:
443:
419:
391:
387:
291:
226:
218:
97:
2610:
2570:
1629:
2595:
2405:
2166:
2140:
1958:
1896:
1780:
1741:
1599:
606:
451:
427:
379:
1170:
3161:
3095:
3010:
2977:
2904:
2585:
2500:
2338:
2293:
2045:
1775:
1701:
1165:
859:
813:
500:
399:
231:
202:
93:
65:
426:, the player left of the dealer, until each player has thirteen cards. There are no
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2730:
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2220:
2210:
2010:
2005:
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946:
610:
403:
375:
336:
198:
75:
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2187:
1799:
1475:
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3055:
2982:
2864:
2808:
2395:
2328:
2135:
2062:
2057:
2000:
1985:
1245:
626:
The variant of Auction Hearts appears for the first time in the 1897 edition of
439:
423:
415:
609:, the average score is worked out and those above it pay the difference into a
2952:
2833:
2774:
2689:
2620:
2480:
2465:
2318:
2308:
2025:
1923:
671:
304:
206:
163:
1180:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 134–135.
1085:
Sources giving the name Black Lady as an alternative for Black Maria include
182:
Hearts, while not trump, award one penalty point each, hence the game's name.
17:
3045:
2957:
2925:
2920:
2894:
2869:
2818:
2700:
2694:
2560:
2545:
2490:
2470:
2420:
2400:
2068:
2030:
1912:
644:
1948:
350:
Windows 3.1 to Windows 7 making it one of the earliest digital renditions.
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the cards played in the trick. The winner also leads the following trick.
3025:
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2769:
2742:
2525:
2510:
2485:
2450:
2425:
2358:
2348:
2323:
2268:
2150:
2119:
2103:
2015:
1906:
1350:
1348:
1119:
447:
407:
243:
101:
3087:
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3005:
2936:
2838:
2823:
2754:
2748:
2683:
2625:
2590:
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2505:
2495:
2440:
2435:
2415:
2363:
2353:
2278:
2263:
2235:
2199:
2093:
1995:
1968:
402:, typically 25 or 50, which may or may not have a monetary value. The
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2410:
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1979:
1938:
1142:
Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the History Behind Them
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1933:
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1857:
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at 15, courts 10 each, but the remaining hearts as only 1 each.
1803:
454:, they lose the trick and pay the pre-agreed penalty in chips.
395:
1169:
282:
Hearts itself emerged in the United States during the 1880s,
1410:
1408:
1662:, New York, London, Toronto, Sydney: Simon & Schuster,
1354:
450:
and the trick winner leads to the next trick. If a player
1520:
1308:
1306:
1620:(3rd ed.), New York and London: Frederick.A. Stokes
1323:
1321:
1228:
1226:
882:
Joker Hearts is recorded as early as 1897. One or more
398:(high) down to the two. Players draw a fixed number of
225:), but is unusual among Whist variants in that it is a
602:
the game ends. The player with the lowest score wins.
446:
any card. The trick is won by the highest card of the
1281:
1279:
1144:. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 131.
362:
The following rules are based on those published in
45:
An evasion-type trick-taking game for 3 to 6 players
3074:
2991:
2715:
2634:
2372:
2245:
1842:
438:Eldest hand leads to the first trick. Players must
157:
149:
141:
133:
125:
115:
107:
89:
81:
71:
61:
1779:
1496:
1270:
1190:
217:group of trick-taking games (which also includes
1033:as 1 penalty point rather than the original 14.
764:Q) 1 penalty point each. A player may declare a
677:However, its distinguishing feature is that the
491:The following rules are based on Arnold (2011).
1217:
1202:
941:A recent variant that allows people to play in
111:52-card (51 or 54 for 3 or 6 players, 50 for 5)
1660:Hopscotch, Hangman , Hot Potato & Ha Ha Ha
1815:
8:
772:incurs 54 penalty points for each opponent.
613:, while those below it draw the difference.
242:The game of Hearts probably originated with
39:
499:Three to six may play, but four is best. A
1822:
1808:
1800:
1414:
1378:
50:
1651:Hoyle's Modern Encyclopedia of Card Games
1476:"Rules of Card Games: Hearts Variations"
1355:Morehead, Mott-Smith & Morehead 2001
1438:
1426:
1312:
1131:
1069:
1508:
1462:
1450:
1399:
1366:
1339:
1327:
1297:
1285:
1232:
1023:
1003:
992:
981:
970:
950:
918:
907:
896:
863:
840:
829:
817:
801:
790:
725:
724:worth 7 points and the Black Maria or
714:
703:
678:
652:
570:
559:
548:
537:
526:
515:
504:
322:
308:
292:
269:
258:
247:
38:
418:by the player to the right, and then
7:
1683:; Morehead, Philip D., eds. (2001),
1539:, New York, London: Sterling, 2009,
129:A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2, no trump
1106:(2009) and Glenn and Denton (2003).
3168:Card games introduced in the 1880s
1757:Glenn, Jim; Denton, Carey (2003),
1246:"How to play hearts the card game"
342:Meanwhile in Britain, the game of
25:
839:valued at 50 penalty points, the
536:are removed, for six players the
514:is removed; for five players the
3115:
3114:
1750:Culbertson's Card Games Complete
503:is used. For three players, the
463:from C and six from D making 12
56:All the cards of the Hearts suit
1761:, Reader's Digest Association,
1727:The Complete Book of Card Games
1634:, New York: Frederick A. Stokes
1782:The Penguin Book of Card Games
1706:The Penguin Book of Card Games
1521:Little Giant Encyclopedia 2009
800:scores 50 penalty points, the
761:
213:. The game is a member of the
1:
1122:, a Chinese version of Hearts
307:, after the nickname for the
1759:The Treasury of Family Games
32:For the Microsoft game, see
3144:Tarot and Tarock card games
3135:Non trick-taking card games
1585:, London: Chambers Harrap,
1558:, New York: Excelsior, 1887
1390:Gerver (1966), pp. 121–123.
1218:Phillips & Westall 1939
1203:Phillips & Westall 1939
185:Aim: avoid capturing hearts
3204:
1786:, London: Treasure Press,
929:players. He refers to the
743:
695:
669:
642:
31:
3110:
1537:Little Giant Encyclopedia
1104:Little Giant Encyclopedia
1089:(2003) and its successor
1020:Little Giant Encyclopedia
422:clockwise beginning with
177:
162:
49:
44:
2216:Twenty-five (Spoil Five)
1725:; Westall, B.C. (1939),
1626:Foster, Robert Frederick
1612:Foster, Robert Frederick
651:Lady game, but with the
643:Not to be confused with
605:If Hearts is played for
1831:Trick-taking card games
1640:Tous les Jeux de Cartes
1631:Foster's Complete Hoyle
1617:Foster's Complete Hoyle
1497:The Standard Hoyle 1887
1271:The Standard Hoyle 1887
1250:www.howtoplayhearts.com
1191:The Standard Hoyle 1887
1177:Encyclopædia Britannica
1138:"History of Hearts" in
628:Foster's Complete Hoyle
442:if able; otherwise may
3173:French deck card games
1685:Hoyle's Rules of Games
1658:Maguire, Jack (1990),
1638:Gerver, Frans (1966).
1581:Arnold, Peter (2011),
1567:, Barnes & Noble,
1565:The Book of Card Games
1563:Arnold, Peter (1995),
862:. When four play, the
3126:Historical card games
2723:(except where stated)
1850:(except where stated)
713:worth 10 points, the
390:cards is used, cards
384:standard 52-card pack
358:Earliest rules (1887)
194:is an "evasion-type"
1681:Mott-Smith, Geoffrey
1647:Gibson, Walter Brown
1042:Leading Hearts early
3188:American card games
2880:Officers' Schafkopf
1708:, London: Penguin,
1687:, New York: Plume,
1642:. Verviers: Gérard.
1583:Chambers Card Games
1499:, pp. 236–237.
1465:, pp. 318–319.
1300:, pp. 317–318.
1273:, pp. 234–240.
1220:, pp. 106–136.
1205:, pp. 189/190.
1193:, pp. 234–237.
1140:Roya, Will (2021).
1091:The Card Game Bible
746:Cancellation Hearts
740:Cancellation Hearts
487:Modern rules (2011)
172:Cancellation Hearts
41:
3076:Swiss German packs
2760:Bohemian Schneider
2707:Württemberg Tarock
1729:, London: Witherby
1677:Morehead, Albert H
1604:Culbertson's Hoyle
1555:The Standard Hoyle
1453:, p. 319–320.
1102:See, for example,
937:Partnership Hearts
364:The Standard Hoyle
321:In the 1920s, the
284:The Standard Hoyle
170: •
166: •
145:5 minutes per hand
3155:
3154:
2968:Wendish Schafkopf
2915:Russian Schnapsen
2724:
2640:
2379:
2252:
1851:
1715:978-0-141-03787-5
1694:978-1-101-10023-3
1606:, Greystone Press
1546:978-1-4027-6417-2
1087:The Card Game Set
189:
188:
16:(Redirected from
3195:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3117:
2804:German Schafkopf
2720:
2638:
2377:
2250:
2089:Norseman's knock
1847:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1801:
1796:
1785:
1771:
1768:978-07621-0431-4
1753:
1746:Phillips, Hubert
1730:
1723:Phillips, Hubert
1718:
1697:
1672:
1654:
1635:
1621:
1607:
1595:
1592:978-0550-10179-2
1577:
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1391:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1252:. 20 August 2023
1242:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1136:
1107:
1100:
1094:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1000:
999:
996:
989:
988:
985:
978:
977:
974:
958:
957:
954:
926:
925:
922:
915:
914:
911:
904:
903:
900:
871:
870:
867:
848:
847:
844:
837:
836:
833:
825:
824:
821:
809:
808:
805:
798:
797:
794:
763:
733:
732:
729:
722:
721:
718:
711:
710:
707:
686:
685:
682:
660:
659:
656:
578:
577:
574:
567:
566:
563:
556:
555:
552:
545:
544:
541:
534:
533:
530:
523:
522:
519:
512:
511:
508:
330:
329:
326:
316:
315:
312:
300:
299:
296:
277:
276:
273:
266:
265:
262:
255:
254:
251:
85:3–6, (4 is best)
54:
42:
34:Microsoft Hearts
21:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3106:
3070:
2987:
2787:Dreierschnapsen
2765:Bohemian Watten
2737:Bauernschnapsen
2722:
2719:
2711:
2652:Bavarian Tarock
2630:
2481:Klaberjass/Bela
2376:
2368:
2249:
2241:
2041:Knock-out whist
1849:
1846:
1838:
1828:
1794:
1774:
1769:
1756:
1752:, Watford: Argo
1742:Culbertson, Ely
1740:
1737:
1735:Further reading
1721:
1716:
1700:
1695:
1675:
1670:
1657:
1645:
1624:
1610:
1600:Culbertson, Ely
1598:
1593:
1580:
1575:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1415:Culbertson 1950
1413:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1379:Culbertson 1950
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1101:
1097:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1039:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1008:
1005:
1004:
997:
994:
993:
986:
983:
982:
975:
972:
971:
966:
955:
952:
951:
939:
923:
920:
919:
912:
909:
908:
901:
898:
897:
892:
880:
868:
865:
864:
856:
845:
842:
841:
834:
831:
830:
822:
819:
818:
806:
803:
802:
795:
792:
791:
787:
778:
757:
748:
742:
730:
727:
726:
719:
716:
715:
708:
705:
704:
700:
694:
683:
680:
679:
674:
668:
657:
654:
653:
648:
641:
624:
619:
599:
587:
575:
572:
571:
564:
561:
560:
553:
550:
549:
542:
539:
538:
531:
528:
527:
520:
517:
516:
509:
506:
505:
497:
489:
473:
460:
436:
388:English pattern
372:
360:
327:
324:
323:
313:
310:
309:
297:
294:
293:
274:
271:
270:
263:
260:
259:
252:
249:
248:
240:
227:trick-avoidance
184:
126:Rank (high→low)
57:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2727:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:Tausendundeins
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2521:Officers' Skat
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:Bauernheinrich
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1959:Call-ace whist
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1899:
1897:Auction bridge
1894:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1776:Parlett, David
1772:
1767:
1754:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1719:
1714:
1702:Parlett, David
1698:
1693:
1673:
1668:
1655:
1643:
1636:
1622:
1608:
1596:
1591:
1578:
1573:
1560:
1550:
1545:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1513:
1511:, p. 318.
1501:
1489:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1441:, p. 140.
1431:
1419:
1417:, p. 245.
1404:
1402:, p. 357.
1392:
1383:
1381:, p. 244.
1371:
1359:
1344:
1332:
1330:, p. 356.
1317:
1315:, p. 139.
1302:
1290:
1275:
1263:
1237:
1235:, p. 141.
1222:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:"Hearts"
1168:, ed. (1911).
1166:Chisholm, Hugh
1157:
1150:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1095:
1078:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1035:
965:
962:
938:
935:
891:
890:Omnibus Hearts
888:
879:
876:
855:
852:
786:
783:
777:
774:
756:
753:
744:Main article:
741:
738:
696:Main article:
693:
690:
670:Main article:
667:
664:
640:
637:
623:
622:Auction Hearts
620:
618:
615:
598:
595:
586:
583:
496:
493:
488:
485:
484:
483:
480:
472:
469:
459:
456:
435:
432:
371:
368:
359:
356:
239:
236:
187:
186:
175:
174:
160:
159:
155:
154:
153:Low – moderate
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3200:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Reverse games
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3096:Hindersi-Jass
3093:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2978:Unteransetzen
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:Rosbiratschka
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:Lusti-Kartl'n
2853:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Slobberhannes
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:Letzter Stich
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Catch the ten
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2163:(Danish) (20)
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2046:Konter a Matt
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1795:
1793:1-85051-221-3
1789:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1669:0-671-76332-6
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1574:1-56619-950-6
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1523:, p. 89.
1522:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1429:, p. 65.
1428:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1369:, p. 36.
1368:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1342:, p. 32.
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1151:9780762473519
1147:
1143:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1001:
990:
979:
963:
961:
959:
948:
944:
936:
934:
932:
927:
916:
905:
889:
887:
885:
877:
875:
872:
861:
853:
851:
849:
838:
826:
815:
814:Slippery Anne
810:
799:
784:
782:
776:Domino Hearts
775:
773:
771:
767:
754:
752:
747:
739:
737:
734:
723:
712:
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629:
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596:
594:
592:
584:
582:
579:
568:
557:
546:
535:
524:
513:
502:
501:standard pack
495:Preliminaries
494:
492:
486:
481:
478:
477:
476:
470:
468:
466:
457:
455:
453:
449:
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370:Preliminaries
369:
367:
365:
357:
355:
351:
347:
345:
340:
338:
333:
331:
319:
317:
306:
302:
301:
290:In 1909, the
288:
285:
280:
278:
267:
256:
245:
237:
235:
233:
232:Great Britain
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:United States
200:
197:
193:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:Related games
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
94:Card counting
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
67:
66:United States
64:
60:
53:
48:
43:
35:
30:
19:
18:Hearts (game)
3147:}}
3141:{{
3138:}}
3132:{{
3129:}}
3123:{{
3092:Schieberjass
3031:Calabresella
2731:Bauernfangen
2717:German packs
2673:Haferltarock
2647:Bauerntarock
2636:German packs
2616:Twenty-eight
2571:Siebenschräm
2374:French packs
2334:Six-bid solo
2247:French packs
2221:Two-ten-jack
2211:Turkish King
2020:
2011:German whist
2006:French whist
1844:French packs
1781:
1758:
1749:
1726:
1705:
1684:
1659:
1650:
1639:
1630:
1616:
1603:
1582:
1564:
1554:
1536:
1530:Bibliography
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1470:
1458:
1446:
1439:Parlett 2008
1434:
1427:Maguire 1990
1422:
1395:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1335:
1313:Parlett 2008
1293:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1198:
1186:
1175:
1160:
1141:
1134:
1103:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1072:
1054:
1045:
1019:
967:
940:
893:
881:
878:Joker Hearts
857:
788:
785:Greek Hearts
779:
769:
765:
758:
755:Chasse Coeur
749:
701:
675:
649:
627:
625:
604:
600:
588:
498:
490:
474:
464:
461:
437:
373:
363:
361:
352:
348:
341:
334:
320:
289:
283:
281:
241:
199:playing card
196:trick-taking
191:
190:
181:
178:
142:Playing time
76:Trick-taking
29:
3178:Round games
3102:Kaiserspiel
3056:Truc y Flou
2983:Zehnerlegen
2865:Matzlfangen
2809:German Solo
2396:Bassadewitz
2329:Scharwenzel
2167:Skærvindsel
2156:Sixty-three
2136:Ristikontra
2084:Ninety-nine
2001:Forty-fives
1986:Court piece
1929:Black Maria
1509:Foster 1897
1478:. Pagat.com
1463:Foster 1897
1451:Foster 1897
1400:Foster 1909
1367:Arnold 1995
1340:Gibson 1974
1328:Foster 1909
1298:Foster 1897
1286:Arnold 2011
1256:22 December
1233:Arnold 1995
964:Spot Hearts
943:partnership
698:Black Maria
692:Black Maria
440:follow suit
424:eldest hand
344:Black Maria
279:worth two.
211:Black Maria
168:Black Maria
3162:Categories
2953:Trischettn
2834:Kein Stich
2775:Doppelkopf
2690:Mulatschak
2621:Zwanzig ab
2566:Sheepshead
2551:Préférence
2339:Svängknack
2319:Marjapussi
2309:Hindersche
2183:Spoil Five
2026:Hucklebuck
1924:Black lady
1127:References
1055:To have a
1013:at 11 and
854:Heartsette
672:Black Lady
666:Black Lady
639:Black Jack
305:Black Lady
207:Black Lady
164:Black Lady
3046:Tressette
3016:Botifarra
2958:Wallachen
2942:Sixty-six
2926:Schnapsen
2921:Schafkopf
2895:Ramscheln
2885:Quodlibet
2870:Mauscheln
2819:Grasobern
2701:Schnalzen
2695:Perlaggen
2561:Schwimmen
2546:Preferans
2491:Klaverjas
2471:Herzblatt
2466:Fünf dazu
2421:Bierlachs
2401:Bauerchen
2188:Stýrivolt
2069:Lanterloo
2031:Kachufool
1913:Bid whist
1892:All fours
1653:, Dolphin
645:Blackjack
366:of 1887.
137:Clockwise
27:Card game
3120:Category
3026:Briscola
2948:Sticheln
2770:Bolachen
2743:Bierkopf
2721:32 cards
2663:Brusbart
2639:36 cards
2541:Polignac
2526:Oma Skat
2516:Mistigri
2511:Marjolet
2486:Klammern
2426:Brandeln
2378:32 cards
2359:Viersche
2349:Tarabish
2324:Rutersju
2251:36 cards
2151:Sheng ji
2141:Rödskägg
2120:Polskpas
2104:Pinochle
2079:Napoleon
2063:Knüffeln
2058:Köpknack
2016:Gong Zhu
1991:Cucumber
1848:52 cards
1778:(1987),
1744:(1957),
1704:(2008),
1649:(1974),
1628:(1909),
1614:(1897),
1602:(1950),
1482:24 April
1120:Gong Zhu
1114:See also
1037:Strategy
770:Générale
766:Générale
617:Variants
591:captures
471:Variants
465:in total
448:led suit
408:shuffled
392:ranking
244:Reversis
102:Teamwork
3088:Chratze
3006:Aluette
2997:Spanish
2993:Italian
2937:Sedmice
2839:Lampeln
2824:Herzeln
2755:Blattla
2749:Binokel
2684:Kratzen
2626:Zwicken
2591:Solo 66
2531:Pilotta
2506:Manille
2496:Letzter
2441:Coinche
2436:Chouine
2416:Bezique
2364:Voormsi
2354:Trekort
2236:Zwikken
2200:Tarneeb
2094:Oh hell
2074:Mizerka
1996:Femkort
1969:Clabber
1748:(ed.),
1002:at 12,
991:at 13,
980:at 14,
931:capture
632:bidding
597:Scoring
585:Playing
458:Scoring
452:revokes
444:discard
434:Playing
410:by the
238:History
98:Tactics
82:Players
3041:Julepe
3021:Brisca
3011:Bestia
2963:Watten
2910:Rumpel
2900:Ramsen
2890:Ramsch
2875:Mucken
2860:Mariáš
2849:Lupfen
2829:Herzla
2814:Gilten
2800:(2x24)
2798:Gaigel
2793:Elfern
2777:(2x24)
2751:(2x24)
2678:Jaggln
2657:Bieten
2611:Tuppen
2606:Toepen
2601:Tippen
2536:Piquet
2476:Kaiser
2461:Fipsen
2456:Euchre
2446:Écarté
2411:Belote
2391:Baloot
2205:Thunee
2178:Spades
2146:Shelem
2126:Priffe
2106:(2x24)
2021:Hearts
1980:Chlust
1954:Bridge
1949:Bourré
1944:Boston
1939:Bonken
1790:
1765:
1712:
1691:
1666:
1589:
1571:
1543:
1148:
884:Jokers
607:stakes
428:trumps
412:dealer
380:tricks
223:Spades
219:Bridge
192:Hearts
179:Notes:
150:Chance
120:French
90:Skills
62:Origin
40:Hearts
3061:Truco
2999:packs
2932:Sedma
2844:Lorum
2781:Dreeg
2668:Dobbm
2576:Sjavs
2451:Enflé
2431:Bruus
2314:Knack
2284:Bruus
2269:Bräus
2259:Agram
2231:Whist
2194:Sueca
2173:Smear
2161:Sjavs
2110:Pitch
2099:Pedro
1964:Cinch
1934:Bluke
1918:Bisca
1907:Baśka
1902:Barbu
1864:3-5-8
1858:3-2-5
1064:Notes
1051:Voids
860:widow
420:dealt
400:chips
394:from
215:Whist
108:Cards
3084:Jass
3066:Tute
3051:Truc
3036:Gilé
2973:Ulti
2944:(24)
2928:(20)
2917:(24)
2851:(20)
2789:(20)
2783:(24)
2745:(20)
2739:(20)
2733:(20)
2703:(33)
2697:(33)
2686:(33)
2680:(33)
2659:(33)
2581:Skat
2556:Rams
2344:Tapp
2304:Frog
2299:Dapp
2289:Bura
2279:Brús
2274:Brus
2264:Bête
2238:(20)
2226:Vira
2207:(24)
2196:(40)
2190:(48)
2169:(28)
2122:(24)
2115:Phat
2065:(48)
2054:(16)
2048:(24)
2036:King
1982:(20)
1975:Clag
1971:(24)
1920:(40)
1909:(16)
1888:(24)
1886:1001
1882:(24)
1880:1000
1876:(43)
1860:(30)
1835:list
1788:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1710:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1664:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1541:ISBN
1484:2012
1258:2023
1146:ISBN
1057:void
1018:the
1015:pips
947:slam
611:pool
569:and
525:and
404:deck
382:. A
376:suit
337:slam
335:The
221:and
209:and
134:Play
116:Deck
72:Type
2995:or
2386:304
2131:Put
2052:Kop
1874:500
1869:400
416:cut
406:is
396:ace
386:of
378:in
257:or
3164::
3094:,
3090:,
1679:;
1407:^
1347:^
1320:^
1305:^
1278:^
1248:.
1225:^
1210:^
1174:.
953:10
917:,
910:10
899:10
558:,
547:,
414:,
234:.
100:,
96:,
3098:)
3086:(
1837:)
1833:(
1823:e
1816:t
1809:v
1486:.
1357:.
1288:.
1260:.
1154:.
1029:♥
1026:A
1009:♥
1006:J
998:♥
995:Q
987:♥
984:K
976:♥
973:A
956:♦
924:♠
921:Q
913:♦
902:♦
869:♠
866:2
846:♥
843:A
835:♠
832:Q
823:♦
820:J
812:'
807:♥
804:A
796:♠
793:Q
762:♥
731:♠
728:Q
720:♠
717:K
709:♠
706:A
684:♠
681:Q
658:♠
655:J
647:.
576:♠
573:2
565:♦
562:2
554:♣
551:2
543:♣
540:3
532:♦
529:2
521:♣
518:2
510:♣
507:2
328:♦
325:J
314:♠
311:Q
298:♠
295:Q
275:♠
272:J
264:♥
261:Q
253:♥
250:J
36:.
20:)
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