449:. In separate letters to the editor, forensic psychologist Gregory DeClue and mathematician Philip Tromovitch agreed the term would be valuable for research purposes and to subdivide the current diagnosis of pedophilia into victim age preferences, but expressed concern over the term's potential to dramatically expand the number of people diagnosed with a paraphilia without an adequate research base to support it, and that the article did not include a definition of "mental disorder" and thus lacked the ability to distinguish the pathological from the non-pathological. Blanchard stated in a reply that his paper was written under the assumptions that the DSM-5's definition of mental disorder and pathologizing of sexual activity with underaged individuals would be similar to the one found in the DSM-IV.
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that it required more research and consideration of implications before the DSM was changed. Blanchard agreed that distinguishing between pedophiles and hebephiles may present difficulties, but stated that in the case of a repeat sexual offender, these fine distinctions would be less important; he noted that other objections raised by Zander's letter were addressed in the original article. In another letter to the editor, physician
Charles Moser agreed with Blanchard et al.'s premise that there was a distinction between sex offenders who preferred pubescent versus prepubescent victims and supported the term's usefulness in conducting research, but questioned whether hebephilia would represent a true paraphilia.
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use of paraphilic labels to pathologize unusual sexual interests and incarcerate individuals on the basis of their paraphilia rather than their behavior. He also questioned the usefulness of paraphilias in general when the real issue may be criminal behaviors or stigmatization of unusual but benign sexual acts. Of hebephilia in civil commitment, Prentky and
Barbaree wrote, "Hence, for self-serving reasons, it is applauded by those who generally work for the prosecution and criticized by those who generally work for the defense. This is an admittedly cynical, if unfortunately accurate, commentary on the influence of adversarial litigation on clinical deliberation."
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the sexual maturity of individuals they found most attractive (because ages are not a specific indication of adolescent sexual development, Blanchard used stimuli with a Tanner scale rating of 1 on essentially all measures to evaluate hebephilic offenders while adult control stimuli all had a Tanner rating of 5). Blanchard noted that the most common age of victims for sexual offenders was 14 years, and suggested there were qualitative differences between offenders who preferred pubertal sex-objects and those with a prepubertal preference. The paper concluded that the DSM-5 could better account for those data if it split the
513:, such as by pointing to historical societies where marriage between pubescent girls and older men was practiced. Anthropologist David Ryniker wrote that cultures that practiced marriage between adult men and pubescent girls did so for economic and social reasons, not due to any sexual preference. He argued that, based on the biological evidence, humans did not evolve a strategy of early fertility, and that a sexual focus on pubescents would be maladaptive. Anthropologist Raymond Hames and Blanchard argued that in most cultures, pubescent girls did not begin sexual activity until they were at or near the end of puberty.
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had conducted regarding the alleged reproductive success of hebephiles, pedophiles and individuals attracted primarily or exclusively to adults. The results indicated that teleiophiles had more children, and thus more adaptive success than hebephiles, while hebephiles had more success than pedophiles. From this, Blanchard concluded that "there is no empirical basis for the hypothesis that hebephilia was associated with increased reproductive success in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness. That speculative adaptationist argument against the inclusion of hebephilia in the DSM cannot be sustained".
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identity working group justified inclusion of the use of child pornography due to the expectation that pedohebephilic individuals would deny their sexual preferences, leaving it up to the diagnosing clinician to make inferences whether their patients are more interested in children than adults. The altered wording (from "prepubescent" to "prepubescent and pubescent") and reference age (from a maximum age of 13 to 14) would change how pedophilia was diagnosed to include victims with Tanner scale ratings of 2 or 3 who had partially developed some secondary sexual characteristics.
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421:, concern was raised that the criteria could have produced both false positives and false negatives, and that hebephilia as a DSM diagnosis could pathologize sex offenders who have opportunistically preyed on pubescent victims but do not have a paraphilic attachment to a specific age of victim, while excluding offenders who had committed serious offences on only one or two victims. During
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requiring a minimum of three victims, believing the latter choice would result in delayed treatment for hebephiles who have not acted on their urges while ignoring the often hidden nature of child sexual abuse. O'Donohue also had concerns over how information for making decisions about the proposed diagnosis would be acquired, whether the diagnosis could be made with
42:(the primary sexual interest in later adolescents, typically ages 15–18). While individuals with a sexual preference for adults may have some sexual interest in pubescent-aged individuals, researchers and clinical diagnoses have proposed that hebephilia is characterized by a sexual preference for pubescent rather than adult partners.
376:, with pedophilic and hebephilic sub-types. The proposed criteria for the DSM-5 involved an adult who, for six or more months, experienced sexual attraction to prepubescent or pubescent children that was equal to or greater than their attraction to adults, and who also either found the attraction distressing, used
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Cantor, James M.; Kabani, Noor; Christensen, Bruce K.; Zipursky, Robert B.; Barbaree, Howard E.; Dickey, Robert; Klassen, Philip E.; Mikulis, David J.; Kuban, Michael E.; Blak, Thomas; Richards, Blake A.; Hanratty, M. Katherine; Blanchard, Ray (2008). "Cerebral white matter deficiencies in pedophilic
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Psychologist
Douglas Tucker and lawyer Samuel Brakel stated that civil commitment as a sexually violent predator does not require a DSM diagnosis, so long as the clinicians who testify in courts do so in good faith and they identify a conceptually and empirically meaningful mental abnormality that is
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and Allen
Frances expressed concern that hebephilia could be misused in civil commitment hearings, and questioned the need and evidence for the inclusion. Frances wrote that the diagnosis of hebephilia "has no place in forensic proceedings." Charles Moser argued against what he saw as the problematic
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Stephens and Seto argue that hebephilia can be considered dysfunctional, stating that "conceptually, hebephilia is a paraphilia, reflecting an atypical (statistically rare) sexual age interest in pubescent children." They state that hebephilia is a malfunction of the biological mechanism which drives
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sexual preference for pubescents compared to physically mature adults. He responded to
Franklin's comment, writing that presumably Franklin's "adaptationist argument" applied only to heterosexual males, as homosexual hebephilia would have no reproductive advantages. Blanchard cited recent research he
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for post-pubescent and normal patterns of male sexual arousal, overlap between groups
Blanchard believed were separate, and lack of specificity in the data. Blanchard replied that the initial publication used sex offenders who had committed crimes against post-pubescent adults as a control group, and
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These findings suggest that problems during prenatal development play a significant role in the development of hebephilia. In some cases, head trauma during pre-pubertal childhood, or experiencing sexual abuse during puberty, could also be contributing factors. Differences in brain structure may mean
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response patterns. Based on their results, Blanchard suggested that the DSM-5 could account for these data by subdividing the existing diagnosis of pedophilia into hebephilia and a narrower definition of pedophilia. Blanchard's proposal to add hebephilia to the DSM-5 proved controversial, and was not
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in 2009 for being a label, not a "generally accepted mental disorder", and because a mere attraction to pubescent adolescents is not indicative of a mental disorder. Although the court rejected the government's claim that hebephilia is a mental disorder, the government argued that hebephilia may at
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of around 0.70). Hebephiles, by contrast, respond positively to cues of youthfulness but negatively to cues of sexual maturity. Penile plethysmography results show that heterosexual men are preferentially attracted to adult women, with lower responses to pubescent girls and then prepubescent girls,
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The DSM-5's diagnostic criteria for pedophilia specifies it as a disorder of sexual interest in prepubescent children generally age 13 years or younger. A 2009 research paper by Ray
Blanchard and colleagues indicated that, based on penile plethysmographs, sex offenders could be grouped according to
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states "The current version of the
International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) contains code F65.4, which defines paedophilia as 'A sexual preference for children, boys or girls or both, usually of prepubertal or early pubertal age' (World Health Organization, 2007; emphasis added). That is,
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In a letter to the editor, Thomas Zander argued there would be serious consequences from expanding the definition of pedophilia to include hebephilia, and stated that there are problems in distinguishing between prepubescent versus pubescent victims and thus in classifying offenders, and concluded
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Pedophilic disorder is characterized by a sustained, focused, and intense pattern of sexual arousal—as manifested by persistent sexual thoughts, fantasies, urges, or behaviours—involving pre-pubertal children. In addition, in order for
Pedophilic Disorder to be diagnosed, the individual must have
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or had sought sexual stimulation from a child, on at least three occasions in the case of the hebephilic type. The proposed criteria would have been applied to subjects aged 18 or older and who are at least five years older than children to whom they are typically attracted. The sexual and gender
151:'s diagnostic criteria for pedophilia and the general medical literature define pedophilia as a disorder of primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescent children, thus excluding hebephilia from its definition of pedophilia. However, the DSM-5's age criteria extends to age 13. Although the
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is an effort founded in
Germany to provide therapy and abuse prevention techniques to adults attracted to children. In a study of 222 men contacting the Dunkelfeld project for help, roughly two-thirds had a sexual interest in pubertal children. These men also reported experiencing high levels of
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Blanchard argued that critics of his proposal were performing a "rhetorical sleight-of-hand" that conflated sexual attraction with sexual preference, arguing that while normal men may show some degree of attraction to pubescents, they overwhelmingly prefer physically mature adults. In contrast,
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in 1906 to describe homosexual attraction to males between puberty and their early twenties. Hirschfeld considered the condition a common form of homosexuality and nonpathological. Franklin said that, historically, adults being sexual with pubescents was considered distinct from other forms of
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states that "pedophilic disorder is characterized by a sustained, focused, and intense pattern of sexual arousal—as manifested by persistent sexual thoughts, fantasies, urges, or behaviours—involving pre-pubertal children." Because of some inconsistencies in definitions and differences in the
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argued that attraction to pubescent individuals is within the normal range of human behavior and thus could not be considered sexually deviant, though acting on such attraction could be considered a crime. Thomas Zander also expressed concern about the degree to which the potential diagnosis
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Commenting on Blanchard et al.'s proposal, psychologists Robert Prentky and Howard Barbaree stated that examples of highly sexualized young girls appear frequently in advertising, fashion shows, television programs, and films, making it questionable whether sexual attraction to pubescents is
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believes, based on the incentive for offenders to lie, that there is a risk of false negatives. O'Donohue praised Blanchard et al.'s proposal to distinguish hebephilia from pedophilia, but questioned the inclusion of offender distress, the use of child pornography as a determining factor and
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Researchers at the German Dunkelfeld project supported the explicit mention of hebephilia in DSM-5: "Concerning the update of the DSM (DSM-5) a category called 'hebephilic disorder' would have been appropriate, especially considering the given data which shows that in men with a hebephilic
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and then males of all ages causing the least response. Stephens and Seto also argue that hebephilia is dysfunctional because it causes significant distress or impairment in those who have it, perhaps via legal issues or disrupted adult relationships, because hebephilic behavior violates
484:, arguing that the concept stigmatizes a "widespread and, indeed, evolutionarily adaptive" sexual attraction of homosexual and heterosexual males who, across cultures and throughout history "tend to prefer youthful partners who are at the peak of both beauty and reproductive fertility".
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people with a sexual preference for early pubescent children do indeed receive a diagnosis in the ICD system. In Franklin's defense, one could claim that the word 'hebephilia' does not appear in the ICD; however, the people with hebephilia would receive a diagnosis nonetheless."
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preference, who seek treatment, the disorder criteria of the DSM-5 (psychological distress, behavior endangering others) are given in many cases. In this respect there would be men with hebephilia as well as men with a 'hebephilic disorder.'"
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Hebephilia, together with pedophilia and some other paraphilias, has been found to be an important motivator of sexual offending. It also has a high degree of overlap with pedophilia, as well as with similar correlates of sexual offending.
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but are not at or near the end of this process), discussion of hebephilia has also concerned attraction to pubescents and adolescents in general, which has contributed to confusion among those who have debated the topic.
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Proposals for categorizing hebephilia have argued that separating sexual attraction to prepubescent children from sexual attraction to early-to-mid or late pubescents is clinically relevant. According to research by
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acted on these thoughts, fantasies or urges or be markedly distressed by them. This diagnosis does not apply to sexual behaviours among pre- or post-pubertal children with peers who are close in age.
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challenged her factual accuracy, citing the existence of the concept in the ICD-10, the use of the word in 100 scholarly texts from a variety of disciplines and time periods, and the existence of 32
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Multiple research studies have investigated the sexual attraction patterns of hebephilic and pedophilic men. The sexual attraction to children appears to fall along a continuum instead of being
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in which an adult has a strong and persistent sexual interest in pubescent children, typically children aged 11–14, although the age of onset and completion of puberty vary. Although sexologist
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males to be attracted to sexually mature females, and that while typical men are attracted to youthfulness, they are also interested in cues of sexual maturity (adult size, fully developed
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samples, as well as anonymous surveys of people sexually interested in children, there are more individuals with an erotic interest in pubescent rather than in prepubescent children.
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Cantor, J. M.; Kuban, M. E.; Blak, T.; Klassen, P. E.; Dickey, R.; Blanchard, R. (2006). "Grade Failure and Special Education Placement in Sexual Offenders' Educational Histories".
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Cantor, J. M.; Blanchard, R.; Christensen, B. K.; Dickey, R.; Klassen, P. E.; Beckstead, A. L.; Blak, T.; Kuban, M. E. (2004). "Intelligence, Memory, and Handedness in Pedophilia".
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Fazio, R. L.; Dyshniku, F.; Lykins, A. D.; Cantor, J. M. (2015). "Leg Length Versus Torso Length in Pedophilia: Further Evidence of Atypical Physical Development Early in Life".
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also argue that because the ICD-10 includes "prepubertal or early pubertal age" in its classification of pedophilia, it includes both pedophilic and hebephilic sexual interests.
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psychological distress, at clinically relevant levels. Both the hebephiles and the pedophiles showed greater distress than teleiophiles, but they did not differ from each other.
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Dyshniku, Fiona; Murray, Michelle E.; Fazio, Rachel L.; Lykins, Amy D.; Cantor, James M. (2015). "Minor Physical Anomalies as a Window into the Prenatal Origins of Pedophilia".
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Karen Franklin stated that she believes the concept is largely the result of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, although CAMH scientist and pedophilia researcher
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Cantor, J. M.; Klassen, P. E.; Dickey, R.; Christensen, B. K.; Kuban, M. E.; Blak, T.; Williams, N. S.; Blanchard, R. (2005). "Handedness in Pedophilia and Hebephilia".
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287:(people who sexually prefer adults)—i.e., much larger proportions of hebephiles and pedophiles than teleiophiles report being attracted to both males and females.
247:, and homosexuality, and based on this research, hypothesized that hebephiles could also be distinguished on the basis of neurological and physiological measures.
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Blanchard, R.; Lykins, A. D.; Wherrett, D.; Kuban, M. E.; Cantor, J. M.; Blak, T.; Dickey, R.; Klassen, P. E. (2009). "Pedophilia, Hebephilia, and the DSM-V".
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319:, lesser educational attainment or greater probability of repeating a year in primary education, height, and other markers of atypical physical development.
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Cantor, J. M.; Kuban, M. E.; Blak, T.; Klassen, P. E.; Dickey, R.; Blanchard, R. (2007). "Physical Height in Pedophilic and Hebephilic Sexual Offenders".
53:(sexual preference for a specific physiological appearance related to age) show overlap between pedophilia, hebephilia and ephebophilia. For example, the
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vary. On average, girls begin the process of puberty at age 10 or 11 while boys begin at age 11 or 12. Partly because puberty varies, some definitions of
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criticized the diagnosis, saying it is a transparent attempt to ensure that sex offenders who target pubescent teenagers may be subject to involuntary
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429:, symbolic votes were taken regarding whether the DSM-5 should include pedohebephilia, and in both cases an overwhelming majority voted against this.
353:'s existing criteria for pedophilia, which focuses on sexual attraction to prepubescent children, but sets the age range at generally 13 or younger.
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Blanchard, R. (2010). "The fertility of hebephiles and the adaptationist argument against including hebephilia in DSM-5 (letter to the editor)".
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Studer, L. H.; Aylwin, A. S.; Clelland, S. R.; Reddon, J. R.; Frenzel, R. R. (2002). "Primary erotic preference in a group of child molesters".
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Bailey, J. M.; Hsu, K. J.; Bernhard, P. A. (2016). "An Internet study of men sexually attracted to children: Sexual attraction patterns".
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Wakefield, J. C. (2011). "The DSM-5's Proposed New Categories of Sexual Disorder: The Problem of False Positives in Sexual Diagnosis".
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Debate about hebephilia has also concerned whether the attraction is normal or abnormal. Karen Franklin has criticized use of the term
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Researchers from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto conducted a series of studies on neurological and psychological
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diagnostic code for the definition of pedophilia includes a sexual preference for children of prepubertal or early pubertal age, the
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is commonly used by the general public and the media, at least in the English-speaking world, to refer to any sexual interest in
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The prevalence of hebephilia within the general population is unknown. There is evidence suggesting that within clinical and
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885:"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) Version for 2010"
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202:), with wide variations within and across nations regarding what age was acceptable for adult–adolescent sexual contacts.
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Frances, A.; First, M. B. (2011). "Hebephilia is not a mental disorder in DSM-IV-TR and should not become one in DSM-5".
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Beier, K.; Amelung, T.; Kuhle, L.; Grundmann, D.; Scherner, G.; Neutze, J. (2015). "Hebephilia as a Sexual Disorder".
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that hebephilic interests result from disconnections in the brain networks that recognize and react to sexual cues.
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physical development of children and adolescents, there is overlap between pedophilia, hebephilia and ephebophilia.
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Plaud, J. (2009). "Are there "hebephiles" among us? A response to Blanchard et al. (2008) (letter to the editor)".
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Blanchard, R. (2008). "Reply to Letters Regarding Pedophilia, Hebephilia, and the DSM-V (letter to the editor)".
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Zander, T. K. (2008). "Adult Sexual Attraction to Early-Stage Adolescents: Phallometry Doesn't Equal Pathology".
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Justice Perverted:Sex Offense Law, Psychology, and Public Policy: Sex Offense Law, Psychology, and Public Policy
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685:"Commentary: Hebephilia--a would-be paraphilia caught in the twilight zone between prepubescence and adulthood"
283:. The attractions of hebephiles and pedophiles are less focused on the child's sex than are the attractions of
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2338:"Manufacturing Mental Disorder by Pathologizing Erotic Age Orientation: A Comment on Blanchard et al. (2008)"
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Cantor, James M.; Blanchard, Ray (2012). "White Matter Volumes in Pedophiles, Hebephiles, and Teleiophiles".
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O’Donohue, W. (2010). "A Critique of the Proposed DSM-V Diagnosis of Pedophilia (letter to the editor)".
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Some courts have accepted the hebephilia diagnosis while others have not. In court cases where the term
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Hammer, E. F.; Glueck, B. C. (1957). "Psychodynamic patterns in sex offenders: A four-factor theory".
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Paedophiles, Child Abuse and the Internet: A Practical Guide to Identification, Action and Prevention
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Zonana, H. (2011). "Sexual disorders: New and expanded proposals for the DSM-5--do we need them?".
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Moser, C. (2009). "When is an Unusual Sexual Interest a Mental Disorder? (letter to the editor)".
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Declue, G. (2008). "Should Hebephilia be a Mental Disorder? A Reply to Blanchard et al. (2008)".
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as one of several classifications of subjects according to offense. In the 1960s, sexologist
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89:, and there is significant academic debate as to whether it should be classified as either.
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Moss S, Simmons M, Trendell S, Stephens S (2018). Ternes M, Magaletta PR, Patry MW (eds.).
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used the term to distinguish pedophiles from sex offenders whose victims were adolescents.
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86:
2451:"Sexual Attraction to Others: A Comparison of Two Models of Alloerotic Responding in Men"
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Blanchard, R.; Kuban, M. E.; Blak, T.; Klassen, P. E.; Dickey, R.; Cantor, J. M. (2010).
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2 and 3 (centering on children who have begun to show signs of pubertal development of
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as sexual attraction to prepubescent children who are generally younger than 11, and
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times fall within a DSM-IV category of NOS. The court was also unconvinced by this.
113:(depending on the reference, the specific age could be 14, 16 or 18 years old). The
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1115:""Chronophilia": Entries of Erotic Age Preference into Descriptive Psychopathology"
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United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Sale and Sexual Exploitation of Children
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as sexual attraction to pubescent children, generally 11–14 years old. What the
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1563:"Elevated rates of atypical handedness in paedophilia: Theory and implications"
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and others who proposed the hebephilia diagnosis have focused on pubescents in
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Hebephilia is approximate in its age range because the onset and completion of
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38:(the primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescent children), and from
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Wilson, G. D.; Cox, D. N. (1983). "Personality of paedophile club members".
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papers researching the concept. Psychologist Skye Stephens and sexologist
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Essentials of Psychiatric Diagnosis: Responding to the Challenge of DSM-5
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After Freund's death in 1996, researchers at CAMH conducted research on
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could be separated into groups by victim age preference on the basis of
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Singy, Patrick (18 April 2015). "Hebephilia: A Postmortem Dissection".
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Sexual Offending: Predisposing Antecedents, Assessments and Management
436:, clinical psychologist Joseph Plaud criticized the study for lacking
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Blanchard, Ray. "A dissenting opinion on DSM-5 pedophilic disorder."
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predictive of future sexual violence, irrespective of the term used.
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855:"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition"
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Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse
1023:. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. p. vii.
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54:
199:
2759:
2589:"Anthropological data regarding the adaptiveness of hebephilia"
427:
International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders
266:, regardless of their level of physical or mental development.
1956:
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
1924:
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
1860:
Bernard, F (1975). "An enquiry among a group of pedophiles".
689:
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
61:
includes early pubertal age in its definition of pedophilia.
3058:
Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse
3022:
Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse
2544:
Ryniker, DC (August 2012). "Hebephilia and male fertility".
1806:
Gebhard, PH; Gagnon JH; Pomeroy WB; Christenson CV (1965).
1561:
Fazio, Rachel L.; Lykins, Amy D.; Cantor, James M. (2014).
232:
assessments, continuing his work with Ray Blanchard at the
3196:
Child sexual abuse in New York City religious institutions
493:
genuinely reflected normal versus abnormal sexual desire.
441:
that the results supported victim age preferences being a
250:
Although hebephilia is distinct from pedophilia, the term
3203:
Jehovah's Witnesses' handling of child sexual abuse cases
633:
Stephens S, Seto MC (2015). Phenix A, Hoberman H (eds.).
2226:"Forensic Psychiatrists Vote No on Proposed Paraphilias"
220:
used the term to distinguish between age preferences of
566:(NOS). The diagnosis of hebephilia was rejected in one
167:
was first used in 1955, in forensic work by Hammer and
22:
is the strong, persistent sexual interest by adults in
2864:
Legal status of fictional pornography depicting minors
1226:"Hebephilia: Quintessence of diagnostic pretextuality"
3287:
101:
is based on the Greek goddess and protector of youth
3073:
National Center for Missing & Exploited Children
1567:
Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition
3158:
3101:
3050:
3014:
2988:
2935:
2821:
2797:
1329:
1327:
425:for the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law and
530:or is even illegal in most contemporary cultures.
2027:
2025:
2023:
1706:Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment
1663:Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment
562:is used, it is placed within the DSM category of
3063:Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command
1021:Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children
878:
876:
34:2 to 3 of physical development. It differs from
2087:International Journal of Forensic Mental Health
2068:International Journal of Forensic Mental Health
1081:"ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics"
356:Blanchard suggested the criteria be split into
2747:List of articles on the diagnostic controversy
2083:"The Errors of Karen Franklin's Pretextuality"
109:, also referred to the time before manhood in
81:adopted. It has not been widely accepted as a
2771:
2175:"DSM-V work on paraphilias begins in earnest"
1521:
1519:
1264:
1262:
505:Some authors have argued that dysfunction is
8:
3037:Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests
2917:Debate on the causes of clerical child abuse
1091:. 2018. See section 6D32 Pedophilic disorder
57:extends the prepubescent age to 13, and the
1827:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
907:
905:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
236:(CAMH) after emigrating to Canada in 1968.
2878:Commercial sexual exploitation of children
2778:
2764:
2756:
2539:
2537:
1949:
1947:
1945:
419:American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
311:of hebephilia, including brain structure,
2927:Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome
2719:
2474:
2353:
2106:
1979:
1977:
1594:
1336:Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie
1146:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
3148:List of pedophile advocacy organizations
2704:"DSM-5 Paraphilic Diagnoses and SVP Law"
2634:
2632:
2630:
1032:
1030:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
171:. Anthropologist and ethno-psychiatrist
16:Sexual preference for pubescent children
3294:
1307:The Practice of Correctional Psychology
849:
847:
845:
768:
766:
764:
580:
480:for pathologizing and criminalizing an
208:conducted research on sex offenders at
2681:. Guilford Publications. p. 174.
2587:Hames, R; Blanchard, R (August 2012).
2421:"DSM 5 Needs to Reject Hebephilia Now"
1897:Personality and Individual Differences
1040:Criminological and Forensic Psychology
234:Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
124:, implying love or strong friendship.
3166:Anglican Communion sexual abuse cases
3027:Circles of Support and Accountability
2144:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153618
7:
3223:Sexual abuse cases in Haredi Judaism
2132:Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
2066:Cantor in his 2012 rebuttal in the
1808:Sex offenders: An analysis of types
1061:from the original on March 30, 2019
564:paraphilia, not otherwise specified
30:, typically ages 11–14 and showing
3171:Catholic Church sexual abuse cases
2702:Tucker, D.; Brakel, S. J. (2012).
2301:(3): 317–318, author 318 331–318.
2258:(3): 326–327, author 327 331–327.
2130:Seto, M. C. (2009). "Pedophilia".
1992:(3): 329–330, author 330 331–330.
818:Human Development: A Lifespan View
683:Prentky, R.; Barbaree, H. (2011).
93:Etymology, definitions and history
14:
1233:Behavioral Sciences & the Law
994:. Radcliffe Publishing. pp.
468:and issues related to treatment.
3297:
3263:
2426:, 15.06.2011, retrieved 27.07.18
1400:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.10.013
472:Attraction as normal or abnormal
1388:Journal of Psychiatric Research
882:See section F65.4 Paedophilia.
859:American Psychiatric Publishing
816:Kail, RV; Cavanaugh JC (2013).
2348:(3): 328, author reply 331–4.
1271:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
1:
3078:Prevention Project Dunkelfeld
2194:10.1016/S0270-6644(09)70438-2
1839:10.1016/s0160-2527(01)00111-x
296:Prevention Project Dunkelfeld
3006:Cognitive behavioral therapy
2099:10.1080/14999013.2012.672945
1909:10.1016/0191-8869(83)90154-X
1579:10.1080/1357650X.2014.898648
914:Clinical Social Work Journal
466:agreement between clinicians
243:explanations of pedophilia,
198:criminal sexuality (such as
3233:Brooklyn's Haredi community
3218:Scouting sexual abuse cases
3015:Research and support groups
2708:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2593:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2546:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2500:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2455:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2437:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2379:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2342:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2295:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2252:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2034:Archives of Sexual Behavior
1986:Archives of Sexual Behavior
1862:The Journal of Sex Research
1757:Archives of Sexual Behavior
1620:Archives of Sexual Behavior
1482:Archives of Sexual Behavior
1431:Archives of Sexual Behavior
949:Archives of Sexual Behavior
775:Archives of Sexual Behavior
727:Archives of Sexual Behavior
568:United States federal court
212:prison in the 1950s, using
127:Hebephilia is defined as a
3351:
3270:Human sexuality portal
2822:Behavior and legal aspects
2439:42, no. 5 (2013): 675-678.
26:children who are in early
3258:
3208:Mormon sexual abuse cases
3143:Pedophile advocacy groups
3129:Sweetie (internet avatar)
2721:10.1007/s10508-011-9893-3
2605:10.1007/s10508-012-9972-0
2558:10.1007/s10508-012-9977-8
2512:10.1007/s10508-010-9610-7
2467:10.1007/s10508-010-9675-3
2391:10.1007/s10508-010-9604-5
2355:10.1007/s10508-008-9426-x
2307:10.1007/s10508-008-9422-1
2264:10.1007/s10508-008-9423-0
2173:Frieden, J (2009-12-01).
2046:10.1007/s10508-008-9427-9
1998:10.1007/s10508-008-9428-8
1874:10.1080/00224497509550899
1769:10.1007/s10508-015-0564-7
1675:10.1007/s11194-007-9060-5
1632:10.1007/s10508-006-9018-6
1494:10.1007/s10508-005-4344-7
1443:10.1007/s10508-012-9954-2
1310:. Springer. p. 201.
1172:The Psychiatric Quarterly
1085:World Health Organization
961:10.1007/s10508-015-0542-0
926:10.1007/s10615-011-0353-2
787:10.1007/s10508-008-9436-8
739:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9
417:At a 2009 meeting of the
3051:Prevention organizations
2182:Clinical Psychiatry News
1718:10.1177/1079063215609936
1540:10.1037/0894-4105.18.1.3
372:would instead be termed
3238:Jewish Care controversy
3109:Anti-pedophile activism
2675:Frances, Allen (2013).
2648:Oxford University Press
2336:Tromovitch, P. (2008).
2239:(subscription required)
488:abnormal. Psychiatrist
3068:Jewish Community Watch
2081:Cantor, J. M. (2012).
1348:10.1055/s-0034-1398960
1113:Janssen, D.F. (2015).
1019:Seto, Michael (2008).
538:Forensic psychologist
3250:Child abuse in soccer
2829:Age of consent reform
1224:Franklin, K. (2010).
540:Charles Patrick Ewing
317:intelligence quotient
230:penile plethysmograph
189:to be a variation of
183:forensic psychologist
78:penile plethysmograph
3083:The Awareness Center
2898:Cybersex trafficking
447:categorical variable
434:letter to the editor
423:academic conferences
3228:Adass Israel School
3135:To Catch a Predator
3042:Virtuous Pedophiles
2996:Chemical castration
1131:10.1017/mdh.2015.47
507:culturally relative
497:hebephiles have an
141:sex characteristics
3335:Child sexual abuse
2883:Child prostitution
2791:child sexual abuse
1283:10.1037/abn0000212
1184:10.1007/BF01568731
990:Powell, A (2007).
643:. pp. 29–41.
523:waist-to-hip ratio
453:Child sexual abuse
206:Bernard Glueck Jr.
3285:
3284:
3276:Psychology portal
3124:Perverted-Justice
2989:Treatment methods
2893:Child trafficking
2888:Child sex tourism
2839:Child pornography
2230:Psychiatric Times
1317:978-3-030-00452-1
1045:SAGE Publications
546:. DSM-IV editors
457:William O'Donohue
378:child pornography
195:Magnus Hirschfeld
3342:
3302:
3301:
3293:
3268:
3267:
3191:Society of Jesus
2910:Marriageable age
2780:
2773:
2766:
2757:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2636:
2625:
2624:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2446:
2440:
2433:
2427:
2424:Psychology Today
2417:
2411:
2410:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2357:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2196:. Archived from
2179:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2029:
2018:
2017:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1951:
1940:
1939:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1812:Harper & Row
1803:
1797:
1796:
1763:(8): 2151–2159.
1752:
1746:
1745:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1598:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1230:
1221:
1204:
1203:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1037:Gavin H (2013).
1034:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1009:
987:
981:
980:
955:(5): 1109–1116.
944:
938:
937:
909:
900:
899:
897:
895:
880:
871:
870:
868:
866:
851:
840:
839:
822:Cengage Learning
820:(6th ed.).
813:
807:
806:
770:
759:
758:
722:
705:
704:
680:
655:
654:
630:
544:civil commitment
511:social construct
499:equal or greater
258:below the local
173:Paul K. Benedict
120:is derived from
3350:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3304:Human sexuality
3296:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3262:
3254:
3243:Manny Waks case
3154:
3097:
3046:
3010:
2984:
2931:
2817:
2793:
2784:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2638:
2637:
2628:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2419:Frances, Allen
2418:
2414:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2061:
2031:
2030:
2021:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1953:
1952:
1943:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1528:Neuropsychology
1525:
1524:
1517:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1245:10.1002/bsl.934
1228:
1223:
1222:
1207:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1119:Medical History
1112:
1111:
1107:
1094:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1055:
1047:. p. 155.
1036:
1035:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1006:
989:
988:
984:
946:
945:
941:
911:
910:
903:
893:
891:
883:
881:
874:
864:
862:
853:
852:
843:
836:
815:
814:
810:
772:
771:
762:
724:
723:
708:
682:
681:
658:
651:
632:
631:
582:
577:
536:
474:
464:and sufficient
412:Michael C. Seto
392:
387:
346:
341:
329:
305:
277:
272:
264:age of majority
181:, a California
95:
87:mental disorder
17:
12:
11:
5:
3348:
3346:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:media coverage
3183:
3178:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Creep Catchers
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2980:United Kingdom
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2905:Child marriage
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2875:
2873:Child sex ring
2870:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2836:
2834:Child grooming
2831:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:Karen Franklin
2749:maintained by
2742:
2741:External links
2739:
2736:
2735:
2694:
2688:978-1462513499
2687:
2667:
2661:978-0199732678
2660:
2626:
2579:
2533:
2506:(4): 817–818.
2490:
2441:
2428:
2412:
2385:(3): 587–590.
2369:
2328:
2285:
2242:
2213:
2165:
2122:
2073:
2059:
2040:(3): 331–334.
2019:
1973:
1941:
1930:(2): 245–249.
1914:
1903:(3): 323–329.
1887:
1868:(3): 242–255.
1852:
1833:(2): 173–180.
1817:
1798:
1747:
1712:(5): 500–514.
1696:
1669:(4): 395–407.
1653:
1626:(6): 743–751.
1610:
1573:(6): 690–704.
1553:
1515:
1488:(4): 447–459.
1472:
1437:(4): 749–752.
1421:
1394:(3): 167–183.
1377:
1323:
1316:
1296:
1277:(7): 976–988.
1258:
1239:(6): 751–768.
1205:
1178:(2): 325–345.
1162:
1125:(4): 575–598.
1105:
1072:
1054:978-1118510377
1053:
1026:
1011:
1005:978-1857757743
1004:
982:
939:
920:(2): 213–223.
901:
872:
841:
834:
808:
781:(3): 323–325.
760:
733:(3): 335–350.
706:
695:(4): 506–510.
656:
650:978-1493924165
649:
579:
578:
576:
573:
535:
532:
473:
470:
438:control groups
391:
388:
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374:pedohebephilia
345:
342:
340:
337:
328:
325:
304:
301:
276:
273:
271:
268:
260:age of consent
245:transsexuality
185:, interpreted
179:Karen Franklin
107:Ancient Greece
94:
91:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2997:
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2987:
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2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
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2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
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2946:
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74:sex offenders
72:(2009), male
71:
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67:Ray Blanchard
62:
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52:
51:chronophilias
48:
43:
41:
37:
33:
32:Tanner stages
29:
25:
21:
3325:Chronophilia
3274:
3133:
3119:Dark Justice
3102:Social views
2813:Ephebophilia
2807:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2677:
2670:
2643:
2599:(4): 745–7.
2596:
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2552:(4): 741–3.
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2461:(1): 13–29.
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2205:. Retrieved
2198:the original
2185:
2181:
2168:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2093:(1): 59–62.
2090:
2086:
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1989:
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1962:(1): 78–85.
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1955:
1927:
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1810:. New York:
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1342:(2): e1–e9.
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1093:. Retrieved
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1039:
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991:
985:
952:
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942:
917:
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894:November 17,
892:. Retrieved
863:. Retrieved
817:
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692:
688:
635:
559:
557:
553:
537:
534:Use in court
528:social norms
515:
504:
498:
495:
486:
477:
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451:
445:rather than
431:
416:
404:James Cantor
401:
397:
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369:
361:
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347:
339:DSM-5 debate
333:correctional
330:
321:
306:
293:
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285:teleiophiles
278:
251:
249:
241:neurological
238:
222:heterosexual
213:
204:
191:ephebophilia
190:
186:
177:
164:
162:
146:
129:chronophilia
126:
121:
117:
98:
96:
69:
63:
44:
40:ephebophilia
19:
18:
3320:Adolescence
3032:Silentlambs
2970:New Zealand
2945:Afghanistan
2798:Associated
2650:. pp.
2222:Franklin, K
2138:: 391–407.
1534:(1): 3–14.
824:. pp.
462:reliability
455:researcher
281:dichotomous
228:men during
218:Kurt Freund
28:adolescence
3314:Categories
3176:by country
3001:Castration
2937:By country
2808:Hebephilia
2787:Pedophilia
2714:(3): 533.
2207:2013-01-07
2188:(12): 21.
1095:2018-07-07
575:References
560:hebephilia
482:adaptation
478:hebephilia
443:continuous
370:pedophilia
362:hebephilia
358:pedophilia
327:Prevalence
313:handedness
309:correlates
303:Correlates
252:pedophilia
226:homosexual
214:hebephilia
193:, used by
187:hebephilia
165:hebephilia
105:, but, in
99:hebephilia
83:paraphilia
36:pedophilia
20:Hebephilia
2950:Australia
2922:Pederasty
2854:Simulated
2640:Ewing, CP
2323:207089458
2160:241202227
2054:143846500
1777:0004-0002
1726:1079-0632
1587:1357-650X
1467:207090545
1451:0004-0002
1408:0022-3956
1356:0720-4299
1139:0025-7273
934:143666677
385:Responses
351:DSM-IV-TR
210:Sing Sing
163:The term
97:The term
24:pubescent
2965:Pakistan
2859:Legality
2844:Hurtcore
2730:22218789
2642:(2011).
2613:22644593
2574:31148218
2566:22695643
2528:27932657
2520:20174861
2485:20848175
2407:30900698
2399:20204487
2364:18923890
2315:18925429
2272:18923892
2224:(2011).
2152:19327034
2117:22745581
2014:20198549
2006:18931899
1968:21389170
1936:21653273
1847:12071103
1793:25667170
1785:26058490
1742:24580367
1734:26459491
1683:17952597
1648:24164499
1640:16708284
1605:24666135
1548:14744183
1502:16010467
1459:22476520
1416:18039544
1372:22739711
1364:25723776
1291:27732027
1253:21110392
1200:25200895
1192:13465890
1157:26352305
1059:Archived
969:25894647
865:July 25,
803:43363957
795:18946730
755:14957904
747:18686026
701:22159978
641:Springer
521:, and a
344:Proposal
270:Research
3330:Puberty
3159:Related
2975:Nigeria
2621:9910627
2476:3310141
2280:5062770
2108:3382737
1882:3811479
1596:4151814
1510:6427342
1148:4595948
1065:July 7,
977:8004856
519:breasts
390:General
275:General
262:and/or
118:-philia
47:puberty
3290:Portal
3181:debate
3088:Tzedek
2728:
2685:
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1691:322977
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1386:men".
1370:
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1198:
1190:
1155:
1145:
1137:
1089:ICD-11
1051:
1002:
975:
967:
932:
889:ICD-10
861:. 2013
832:
801:
793:
753:
745:
699:
647:
368:calls
366:DSM-IV
256:minors
169:Glueck
157:ICD-11
153:ICD-10
122:-phil-
115:suffix
111:Athens
70:et al.
59:ICD-10
2960:Egypt
2955:China
2652:28–32
2617:S2CID
2570:S2CID
2524:S2CID
2403:S2CID
2319:S2CID
2276:S2CID
2236:(12).
2201:(PDF)
2178:(PDF)
2156:S2CID
2050:S2CID
2010:S2CID
1878:JSTOR
1789:S2CID
1738:S2CID
1687:S2CID
1644:S2CID
1506:S2CID
1463:S2CID
1368:S2CID
1229:(PDF)
1196:S2CID
973:S2CID
930:S2CID
799:S2CID
751:S2CID
509:or a
432:In a
149:DSM-5
55:DSM-5
2789:and
2726:PMID
2683:ISBN
2656:ISBN
2609:PMID
2562:PMID
2516:PMID
2481:PMID
2395:PMID
2360:PMID
2311:PMID
2268:PMID
2148:PMID
2113:PMID
2002:PMID
1964:PMID
1932:PMID
1843:PMID
1781:PMID
1773:ISSN
1730:PMID
1722:ISSN
1679:PMID
1636:PMID
1601:PMID
1583:ISSN
1544:PMID
1498:PMID
1455:PMID
1447:ISSN
1412:PMID
1404:ISSN
1360:PMID
1352:ISSN
1312:ISBN
1287:PMID
1249:PMID
1188:PMID
1153:PMID
1135:ISSN
1067:2018
1049:ISBN
1000:ISBN
965:PMID
896:2012
867:2013
830:ISBN
791:PMID
743:PMID
697:PMID
645:ISBN
294:The
224:and
200:rape
147:The
103:Hebe
2716:doi
2601:doi
2554:doi
2508:doi
2471:PMC
2463:doi
2387:doi
2350:doi
2303:doi
2260:doi
2190:doi
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2103:PMC
2095:doi
2042:doi
1994:doi
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1870:doi
1835:doi
1765:doi
1714:doi
1671:doi
1628:doi
1591:PMC
1575:doi
1536:doi
1490:doi
1439:doi
1396:doi
1344:doi
1279:doi
1275:125
1241:doi
1180:doi
1143:PMC
1127:doi
996:4–5
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