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172:, a pair of clutches could form a reversing gearbox. Engaging each clutch in turn provided a forwards and reverse motion, one direction being geared down in speed and increased in torque. As the clutches could be engaged quickly with only a light controlling force, these gearboxes became widely used in heavy steel
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The clutch appears outwardly similar to most other multi-plate clutches. A stack of plates is enclosed in a housing with a divided central shaft. Alternate plates are keyed to either the input or output shafts, through either the inner or outer housings. A pressure plate is arranged at one end of the
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behaviour of which
Professor Hele-Shaw had made an in-depth study. When the plates are pressed together closely enough, the film between the plates is thin enough that the drag between them is sufficient to transmit the drive without slipping. Although there may be some slight slip in practice,
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Both the multi-plate and the wet clutch were also in use beforehand. The innovation of the Hele-Shaw clutch is that the multiple plates were an inherent feature of the design, and also simple to manufacture, rather than being a crude duplication of multiple elements that were individually
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of a cone with each side. The clutch is always used wet, so that there is a very thin layer of oil between the plates, even when compressed. For high powers there may be a great many of these plates, necessitated by the driving torque through of the keying teeth. The 1908
146:. Its advantages were soon recognised, particularly its reliability and resistance to overheating when in heavy use. At a Paris motor show in 1907, around 80% of the cars exhibited used the Hele-Shaw clutch. At one time they were universally used on Parisian buses.
114:, were in use before the Hele-Shaw clutch. Their difficulty was one of materials science and the lack of a suitable friction material, before asbestos clutch linings, that could handle the specific power / area at an elevated
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there is no requirement for such slip to generate the flow velocity that the coupling depends upon, and so the Hele-Shaw clutch may approach a theoretical 100% efficiency.
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underpowered. The use of oil was also inherent, unlike other clutches that still basically relied on dry friction, with lubrication to avoid overheating when slipping.
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In the Hele-Shaw clutch, the many plates are lightweight pressings from thin sheets of steel. Each plate has a ring pressed into it, V-shaped in section and forming a
118:. As the Hele-Shaw clutch did not rely on friction, it generated only a fraction of the heat of other designs and its construction was easily able to disperse this.
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stack so that an axial force may be applied, compressing the stack and causing it to transmit the drive. Releasing the pressure releases the clutch.
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The Hele-Shaw clutch was also used for extremely high powers in both industry and for marine propulsion, of 1,000 hp and more.
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The clutch was introduced for cars and patented in 1905. Clutches were manufactured by the
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The innovation of the Hele-Shaw clutch is that it does not operate by
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plates running in graphite powder was used in racecars such as the
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54:, in use around 1900. It was named after its inventor, Professor
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The multi-plate Hele-Shaw clutch with six alternating steel and
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The best oil for the Hele-Shaw clutch is
Citroen LHS oil.
212:. Vol. II. London: Caxton. pp. 195–197.
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98:, as for most other clutches, but rather by the
66:. The clutch was innovative in not relying upon
64:flows through small gaps between parallel plates
28:A single pair of plates of the Hele Shaw clutch
210:The Book of Modern Engines and Power Generators
319:Motor Sport, 1948 March, Cecil Clutton P.75-78
254:Journal of Vocational Education & Training
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91:Grand Prix car had a clutch with 64 plates.
110:Frictional clutches, usually leather-faced
331:Trans. Institute of Mechanical Engineers
140:British Hele-Shaw Patent Clutch Co. Ltd.
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297:"Hele-Shaw Flows: Historical Overview"
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386:Automotive transmission technologies
381:Mechanical devices using viscosity
36:Section through a stack of plates
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225:The 1907 & 1908 Racing Italas
358:Kennedy, Modern Engines, Vol. II
58:, who was noted for his work in
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281:Training. Vol. Part IV.
20:Hele-Shaw clutch, sectioned
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285:. 1911. pp. 140–142.
186:Beier variable-ratio gear
70:, as other clutches did.
208:Kennedy, Rankin (1912).
155:1921 Grand Prix Sunbeams
329:Hele-Shaw (July 1903).
245:Craddock, S.R. (1961).
223:Clutton, Cecil (1967).
168:When combined with an
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116:operating temperature
56:Henry Selby Hele-Shaw
44:was an early form of
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275:Mechanical Transport
229:Profile Publications
279:Army Service Corps
161:Reversing clutches
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346:Missing or empty
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170:epicyclic gearbox
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302:. Archived from
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247:"H.S. Hele-Shaw"
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42:Hele-Shaw clutch
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151:phosphor bronze
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309:on 2011-07-06.
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105:fluid coupling
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348:|title=
339:cite journal
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304:the original
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129:Applications
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100:viscous flow
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356:, cited in
103:unlike the
74:Description
46:multi-plate
370:Categories
260:(27): 174.
192:References
60:viscosity
376:Clutches
333:. Leeds.
180:See also
96:friction
68:friction
84:frustum
144:Oldham
52:clutch
307:(PDF)
300:(PDF)
250:(PDF)
89:Itala
352:help
283:HMSO
134:Cars
62:and
40:The
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142:of
49:wet
372::
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341:}}
337:{{
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266:^
258:13
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