323:, but the medical programme did not accept women (this was the case until 1945, though the first woman had applied nearly 100 years earlier, in 1847). The program actually did accept women in theory but would not give them a degree. When Taussig was told this by the dean of the medical school, she asked why anyone would want to attend without any hope of getting a degree, to which the dean replied, "That is what we are hoping." Taussig responded, "Well, I shall not be the first to disappoint you", and left. Instead she considered applying to study public health, partially because her father thought it a more suitable field for women, but learned that as a woman she could attend the programme but would not be recognised with a degree. She later reported asking the dean "Who wants to study for four years and get no degree for all that work?", and his replying "Nobody, I hope."
505:, "Heretofore there has been no satisfactory treatment for pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary atresia. A "blue" baby with a malformed heart was considered beyond the reach of surgical aid. During the past three months we have operated on 3 children with severe degrees of pulmonary stenosis and each of the patients appears to be greatly benefited. In the second and third cases, in which there was deep persistent cyanosis, the cyanosis has greatly diminished or has disappeared and the general condition of the patients is proportionally improved." Following this report, and lectures given by Blalock and Taussig at conferences around Europe and America, the procedure quickly gained worldwide acceptance.
453:, with less severe symptoms and longer survival. In general, cyanotic symptoms would often begin or worsen shortly after birth, a change which Taussig suspected was caused by the natural closure of the ductus arteriosus. In cyanotic children, bloodflow from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary artery is often compromised; Taussig thought that surgically creating an artificial ductus linking these two vessels could increase bloodflow to the lungs and alleviate this problem, increasing survival. She broached the idea to Robert Gross, and he was skeptical, reportedly telling her "I have enough trouble closing the ductus arteriosus. I certainly don't want to try to make an artificial one."
488:, a diagnosis which meant that without intervention she certainly would not survive to adulthood. The procedure was an immediate success: Eileen's colour quickly returned to normal, she could drink milk more easily and gained a few kilograms. Two months after the surgery she was discharged from hospital. However, she became cyanotic again a few months later and died shortly before her second birthday. Despite Eileen's death, the operation was proof that the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt could in principle be used to extend the lives of children with cyanotic heart disease.
379:, an inflammation of the heart and other organs resulting from bacterial infection, which was at the time a major source of child mortality. In the early 20th century, rheumatic heart disease made up the majority of clinical cardiology work: congenital heart defects were considered hopeless curiosities as the surgical means to correct them were extremely undeveloped so relatively little could be done to prevent the early deaths of patients with these conditions.
354:, one of the few medical schools to admit women at the time, and was accepted as a full-degree candidate. After completing her MD degree in 1927 at Johns Hopkins, Taussig remained for one year as a cardiology fellow and for two years as a pediatrics intern, and received two Archibald Fellowships, spanning 1927–1930. Taussig wanted to specialise in
616:, instead is connected to the right ventricle and supplies oxygen-poor blood to the body. Several alternative methods for surgically correcting this defect have been tried over the decades since the problem was first described, and survival rates following surgical intervention are greatly improved in recent decades.
293:. Helen also contracted the disease and was ill for several years, severely affecting her ability to do schoolwork. She also struggled with severe dyslexia through her early school years and was partially deaf. Despite this, she did well at school due to diligent work and extensive tutoring from her father.
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Taussig later became an associate professor at the Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine; she was promoted to full professor in 1959. At the time, she was only the second woman to reach full professor status at the university. She continued to serve as the director of the Harriet Lane Home (the children's
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One of the major benefits of this surgery was that children gained the ability to play actively without the rapid exhaustion and frequent loss of consciousness that usually results from cyanotic heart defects. Helen
Taussig reportedly kept a letter on her mantelpiece from twelve year old Jean-Pierre
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to have their "blue babies" treated by
Blalock and Taussig. The rapid influx of prospective patients was so great that the clinic struggled to cope, and medical visitors from around the world came to assist and to share knowledge. By 1951, the team had operated on over 1,000 children and the surgery
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As well as her day to day clinical work as a paediatrician, Taussig was also an accomplished academic clinician. She published 100 academic articles over her career, considering various aspects of cardiology including biomedical ethics and the evolutionary origins of heart disease. In her research
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Taussig formally retired from Johns
Hopkins in 1963, but continued to teach, give lectures, and lobby for various causes. In addition, she kept writing scientific papers (of the 129 total that Taussig wrote, 41 were after her retirement from Johns Hopkins). She advocated for the use of animals in
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and not via its own lungs, which are fluid-filled and not yet functional, this vessel provides a shortcut, bypassing the lungs and allowing more efficient delivery of oxygenated blood around the foetus' body. In most infants, the ductus arteriosus closes within a few weeks of birth so that blood
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After hearing about this issue from one of her students in
January 1962, Taussig travelled to Germany and examined some of these children for herself. She reached the same conclusion as Lenz: that thalidomide taken during pregnancy was causing phocomelia. She flew back to America and launched a
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On May 20, 1986, four days short of her 88th birthday, Taussig was driving a group of friends to vote in a local election when her car collided with another vehicle at an intersection. She died about an hour later at
Chester County Hospital, and donated her body to Johns Hopkins.
534:) Often, an immediate improvement in the level of cyanosis could be seen as well. Taussig later recalled, "I suppose nothing would ever give me as much delight as seeing the first patient change from blue to pink in the operating room... bright pink cheeks and bright lips."
342:, without expecting to receive a degree. She had to sit apart from her male colleagues at the back of lecture theatres and was not supposed to speak to them. As an anatomy student at Boston University in 1925, she published her first scientific paper on studies of
593:, which was the major source of child mortality, but because of Taussig's experience, the Harriet Lane Home was also able to provide specialist care for children with congenital heart disease. It became a world-leading centre that aspiring surgeons flocked to.
1952:
Wanzer, Sidney H.; Adelstein, S.James; Cranford, Ronald E.; Federman, Daniel D.; Hook, Edward D.; Moertel, Charles G.; Safar, Peter; Stone, Alan; Taussig, Helen B.; Eys, Jan van (1984-04-12). "The
Physician's Responsibility toward Hopelessly Ill Patients".
31:
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358:, but there was only one position available for a woman in that field, and it was already taken; she therefore decided to specialise in pediatrics, and ended up working in pediatric cardiology, a field that was still in its infancy.
484:, a 15-month-old baby, had arrived at the emergency department earlier that month severely underweight at just 5 kg, purplish blue in colour and hardly able to drink a sip without gasping for breath. Taussig diagnosed her with
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simultaneously to examine changes in a baby's heart and lungs in a less invasive manner, and was very skilled in diagnosing heart conditions by feeling the heartbeat with her fingertips, rather than listening with a
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Vricella, Luca A.; Jacobs, Marshall L.; Cameron, Duke E. (2013). "The birth of a new era: the introduction of the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt for the treatment of cyanotic congenital heart disease".
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Nowadays, the
Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt is useful for prolonging life and improving health in infants before heart defects can be definitively repaired, commonly as the first stage of the three-step
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2018: The Helen B. Taussig
Research Award began to be given out to postdoctoral fellows holding appointments in the Basic Sciences and clinical Departments at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
193:, working in Baltimore and Boston, who founded the field of pediatric cardiology. She is credited with developing the concept for a procedure that would extend the lives of children born with
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flows to the lungs to be oxygenated; if it remains open or 'patent', the normal flow of blood is disrupted. This new surgical procedure artificially closed the blood vessel.
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585:, considered to be the foundational text of pediatric cardiology as an independent field. The book was expanded into two volumes for a second edition published in 1960.
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Throughout her career, Taussig earned more than 20 honorary degrees. Taussig was a member of several professional societies during her career. She was a member of the
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668:, writing in journals and magazines, and testifying before Congress in 1967. Her and others' efforts paid off: the drug was banned in the United States and Europe.
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She then was hired by the pediatric department of Johns
Hopkins, the Harriet Lane Home, as its chief, where she served from 1930 until 1963. Taussig made use of
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236:, to feel the rhythm of their heartbeats. Some of her innovations have been attributed to her ability to diagnose heart problems by touch rather than by sound.
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Blalock, Alfred; Taussig, Helen (1945). "The Surgical Treatment of Malformations of the Heart in Which There Is Pulmonary Stenosis or Pulmonary Atresia".
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into the long-term outcomes of recipients of the shunt, Taussig remained in touch with many of her patients as they grew to adulthood and middle age.
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Following extensive experimentation on about 200 dogs, on November 9, 1944, Blalock and Thomas performed the surgery on the first human patient.
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542:. It allows infants to survive and gain weight before more complex surgeries are later attempted, and is used in the care of patients with
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In 1977, Taussig moved to a retirement community in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. Ever active, she continued making periodic trips to the
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Taussig, Helen Brooke (1898–1986) - Dictionary definition of Taussig, Helen Brooke (1898–1986) | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary
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2226:"Arterial switch operation in patients with Taussig–Bing anomaly — influence of staged repair and coronary anatomy on outcome"
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Taussig, Helen B.; Bing, Richard J. (1949). "Complete transposition of the aorta and a levoposition of the pulmonary artery".
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treatment and research centre at Johns Hopkins) until her retirement in 1963. Most paediatric clinics at the time focussed on
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Griselli, Massimo; McGuirk, Simon P.; Ko, Chung-Sen; Clarke, Andrew J. B.; Barron, David J.; Brawn, William J. (2007-02-01).
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1728:"OBITUARIES : 'First Lady of Cardiology' Dies in Crash : Dr. Helen Brooke Taussig Pioneered 'Blue-Baby' Operation"
656:. However, when it is taken between days 35 and 49 of a pregnancy, it blocks normal limb development and causes phocomelia.
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for research work. At the time of her death, she was researching the genetic basis for congenital heart defects in birds.
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394:. Cyanosis is caused when insufficient oxygenated blood is circulating around the body; in infants it can be known as "
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Taussig, Helen B.; Meserve, Faith L. (1925-03-01). "Rhythmic Contractions in Isolated Strips of Mammalian Ventricle".
640:, a previously very rare condition in which limbs are absent or small and abnormally formed. The German paediatrician
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Congenital Malformations of the Heart, Volume I: General Considerations — Helen B. Taussig | Harvard University Press
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Taussig was partially deaf following an ear infection in childhood; in early adulthood this progressed to full
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At the time of Taussig's death, tens of thousands of children's lives had been saved by the shunt procedure.
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named one of its four colleges in her honor, as well as the Helen B. Taussig Congenital Heart Disease Center
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and was widely recognized as a highly skilled physician. She was the first woman to be elected head of the
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Je suis maintenant un tout autre petit garcon ... je vais pouvoir aller jouer avec mes petits camarades.
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Evans, William N. (2010). "Helen Brooke Taussig and Edwards Albert Park: the early years (1927–1930)".
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Taussig's early career in pediatric cardiology at Johns Hopkins consisted of studying babies with
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to speak with her patients. Taussing also developed a method of using her fingers, rather than a
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1948: Passano Foundation Award for an outstanding contribution to medical science, shared with
247:. She was more proud of the fact that she was the first pediatrician to be elected head of the
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1058:. Broadway Books (A Division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc). pp. 20–21.
350:. With the encouragement of her professor Alexander Begg, Taussig applied to transfer to the
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880:"Who was Dr SI Padmavati, India's first woman cardiologist who died at 103 - IBTimes India"
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Two years later, Taussig obtained the collaboration of Johns Hopkins' new chief of surgery
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Kiran, Usha; Aggarwal, Shivani; Choudhary, Arin; Uma, B; Kapoor, Poonam Malhotra (2017).
1425:"The relationship between Maude Abbott and Helen Taussig: connecting the historical dots"
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Stevenson, Jeanne Hackley (1977). "Helen Brooke Taussig, 1898: The 'Blue Baby' Doctor".
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793:, 27 years after Blalock was elected for their joint work on the Blalock-Taussig shunt
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and Edith Thomas Guild, the youngest of four children. Her father was an economist at
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473:. Originally, it was referred to as the Blalock-Taussig shunt: the critical input of
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715:- the first time this award was shared, and the first time it was awarded to a woman
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1482:"Helen Taussig: founder and mother of pediatric cardiology | Hektoen International"
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1982: Elizabeth Blackwell Medal awarded by the American Medical Women's Association
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In 1947, after a decade of gathering material, Taussig published her magnum opus,
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grand niece Margo Taussig Pinkerton from first-hand accounts from her great aunt.
648:, a drug which was a popular sleeping medication at the time with the trade name
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With the international fame this surgery drew, parents worldwide began coming to
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was the first to draw a link to the increasing frequency of this condition and
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I am now a completely new boy... I will be able to play with the other children
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By 1945, this operation had been performed on a total of three infants with
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Callahan, Clara A. (1996). Benjamin F. Shearer; Barbara S. Shearer (eds.).
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1900:
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600:, Taussig was in 1949 the first to describe a heart condition now known as
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Alfred Blalock, Helen Taussig, and Vivien Thomas mending children's hearts
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1996:
Taussig, Helen B. (1988). "Evolutionary origin of cardiac malformations".
1982:
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1976: Awarded the Milton S. Eisenhower Medal for Distinguished Service by
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as a diagnostic tool, and developed a particular interest in infants with
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was overlooked because of his non-clinical role and because of his race.
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1965: First woman and first pediatrician to be elected president of the
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medical research and for legalized abortion, as well as the benefits of
2274:"Double outlet right ventricle : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
2093:"Congenital Malformations of the Heart: Vol. I: General Considerations"
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American women scientists : 23 inspiring biographies, 1900-2000
201:). This concept was applied in practice as a procedure known as the
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1954: Albert Lasker Award for Outstanding Contributions to Medicine
660:
campaign to try to stop the pending approval of thalidomide by the
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Recipients of the Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
2562:
1410:. 6: 1900 to 1949: 387–388 – via Gale In Context: Global Issues.
6134:
5806:
5311:
4636:
4467:
4276:
4237:
4032:
3584:
3196:
2818:
2615:
2577:
608:(DORV), a set of rare congenital heart conditions in which the
1056:
Headstrong : 52 Women Who Changed Science - and the World
624:
Around 1960, many more babies than usual began to be born in
612:, which is supposed to carry oxygen-rich blood from the left
2493:
437:
While this was going on, Taussig observed that infants with
224:. To compensate for her loss of hearing, she learned to use
862:. The movie was nominated for many awards and won several.
390:(blue-tinged appearance), often caused by the heart defect
343:
6440:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1693:"Dr. Helen Taussig, 87, Dies; Led in Blue Baby Operation"
1002:"Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Helen Brooke Taussig"
755:
1964: Presidential Medal of Freedom awarded by President
469:. The three of them developed a surgery now known as the
1406:
Kelly, Evelyn B (December 2000). "Helen Brook Taussig".
6323:
To heal the heart of a child : Helen Taussig, M.D
1267:"Helen B Taussig - a Founder of Pediatric Cardiology"
6435:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2544:"Awards – by Award – YIDP – Young Investigators Day"
1296:"Helen Brooke Taussig | Jewish Women's Archive"
6242:
6186:
6145:
6061:
6000:
5939:
5883:
5817:
5733:
5677:
5616:
5545:
5504:
5428:
5322:
5183:
5117:
5016:
4880:
4694:
4678:
4647:
4588:
4562:
4541:
4520:
4499:
4478:
4424:
4398:
4287:
4187:
4151:
4115:
4079:
4043:
3969:
3933:
3882:
3841:
3800:
3759:
3718:
3677:
3636:
3595:
3536:
3495:
3459:
3418:
3387:
3351:
3310:
3279:
3243:
3207:
3148:
3117:
3081:
3045:
3009:
2973:
2937:
2901:
2865:
2829:
2770:
2734:
2698:
2662:
2626:
652:, and was often taken by pregnant women to counter
429:. Since the foetus obtains oxygen via the mother's
170:
160:
112:
92:
78:
59:
37:
21:
289:When Taussig was 11 years old, her mother died of
275:, and her mother was one of the first students at
522:Cablan, written after undergoing the procedure: "
449:often fared remarkably better if they also had a
1187:The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science
499:. As Alfred Blalock and Helen Taussig wrote in
1371:American Journal of Physiology. Legacy Content
239:Taussig is also known for her work in banning
189:(May 24, 1898 – May 20, 1986) was an American
124:Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
6490:Members of the American Philosophical Society
6480:Fellows of the American College of Cardiology
4249:
2589:
1998:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
1651:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
561:As a physician, Taussig pioneered the use of
319:After graduating, Taussig wished to study at
8:
766:named its cardiac clinic in honor of Taussig
409:corrected a common pediatric heart problem:
2230:European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
1832:"Department of Surgery - Norwood Procedure"
1806:Journal of the American Medical Association
1597:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1024:"Helen Brooke Taussig | American physician"
550:, and more rare and complex abnormalities.
502:Journal of the American Medical Association
352:Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
6142:
6131:
5814:
5803:
5319:
5308:
4644:
4633:
4475:
4464:
4284:
4273:
4256:
4242:
4234:
4040:
4029:
3592:
3581:
3204:
3193:
2826:
2815:
2623:
2612:
2596:
2582:
2574:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2044:. Harvard University Press. January 1960.
1601:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1593:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1514:"Tetralogy of Fallot. The first 300 years"
1172:
29:
18:
6410:University of California, Berkeley alumni
2241:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1890:
1872:
1857:"The Blalock and Taussig Shunt Revisited"
1662:
1537:
1241:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
966:
736:1957: Eleanor Roosevelt Achievement Award
604:. This is the second most common type of
405:A new surgery first performed in 1939 by
6470:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
6450:Physicians from Cambridge, Massachusetts
1314:"Hard-earned gains for women at Harvard"
750:American Association of University Women
2378:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2373:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter T"
1476:
1474:
871:
417:is a small blood vessel connecting the
300:in 1917, then studied for two years at
213:, who were Taussig's colleagues at the
6425:20th-century American women physicians
2329:
2319:
2073:
2063:
1722:
1720:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1586:
1565:. Hoehn, Katja (Eleventh ed.). .
286:, and later in life had a home there.
6455:American scientists with disabilities
6445:Road incident deaths in Massachusetts
1561:Marieb, Elaine Nicpon, 1936- (2018).
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1418:
1416:
1402:
1400:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1211:
1209:
1207:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
732:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
583:Congenital Malformations of the Heart
7:
6505:Recipients of the John Howland Award
2498:American Medical Women's Association
1647:"Helen Brooke Taussig: 1898 to 1986"
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
720:American College of Chest Physicians
1124:. New York: Facts on File. p.
326:Taussig ended up taking classes at
3037:Euphemia Mary Goldsborough Willson
1691:Altman, Lawrence K. (1986-05-22).
947:Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn
314:University of California, Berkeley
14:
6475:People from Cotuit, Massachusetts
6405:Johns Hopkins Hospital physicians
4416:Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias
1106:ENTINE vs. REILLY, MISC 13-477228
779:Hobart and William Smith Colleges
748:1963: Achievement Award from the
518:had a mortality rate of only 5%.
263:Helen Brooke Taussig was born in
205:. The procedure was developed by
16:American cardiologist (1898–1986)
6460:Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
6430:20th-century American physicians
6400:American pediatric cardiologists
6359:Reynolds, Moira Davison (2004).
2558:"Something the Lord Made - IMDb"
1818:10.1001/jama.1945.02860200029009
1617:"Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)"
819:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
705:1947: Chevalier (knight) of the
282:She spent summers as a child in
251:; and in 1964 she was awarded a
87:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
6415:Johns Hopkins University alumni
5486:Harriet Williams Russell Strong
1955:New England Journal of Medicine
1512:Neill, C A; Clark, E B (1994).
1271:www.womeninmedicinemagazine.com
858:, Dr. Taussig was portrayed by
596:Together with the cardiologist
6365:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.
5165:Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose
1563:Human anatomy & physiology
1383:10.1152/ajplegacy.1925.72.1.89
1216:Konstantinov, Igor E. (2009).
1004:. National Library of Medicine
943:"Helen B. Taussig (1898-1986)"
838:American College of Physicians
834:Society for Pediatric Research
798:American Philosophical Society
741:American College of Cardiology
718:1953: Honorary medal from the
666:American College of Physicians
96:Founding figure of paediatric
1:
4266:National Women's Hall of Fame
2605:Maryland Women's Hall of Fame
2480:National Women's Hall of Fame
1861:Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia
1664:10.1016/S0735-1097(87)80211-5
1518:Texas Heart Institute Journal
1222:Texas Heart Institute Journal
1121:Contemporary Women Scientists
804:National Women's Hall of Fame
783:1971: Howland Award from the
739:1960: Honorary fellow of the
606:double-outlet right ventricle
465:and his laboratory assistant
253:Presidential Medal of Freedom
131:Presidential Medal of Freedom
6500:Physicians with disabilities
5512:Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis
2924:Margaret Collins Schweinhaut
2711:Frances Ellen Watkins Harper
2431:National Academy of Sciences
2203:10.1016/0002-8703(49)91133-3
2010:10.1016/0735-1097(88)90479-2
888:. 2023-08-06. Archived from
885:International Business Times
791:National Academy of Sciences
471:Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt
400:Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt
362:Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt
203:Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt
102:Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt
71:Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
6344:. New York: Chelsea House.
5695:Martha Coffin Pelham Wright
5099:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
2243:10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.11.034
2091:Doyle, E. F. (1961-05-01).
1967:10.1056/nejm198404123101505
1358:. Cambridge, MD: Tidewater.
777:1970: Blackwell Award from
6521:
5251:Katharine Dexter McCormick
4549:Mary "Mother" Harris Jones
3618:Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps
3318:Virginia Walcott Beauchamp
2670:Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson
2518:"College Advising Program"
2398:"HWS: The Blackwell Award"
1921:Bailey, Martha J. (1994).
1423:Evans, William N. (2008).
830:American Pediatric Society
785:American Pediatric Society
772:American Heart Association
298:Cambridge School for Girls
245:American Heart Association
197:(the most common cause of
6141:
6130:
5813:
5802:
5318:
5307:
5109:Hannah Greenebaum Solomon
4643:
4632:
4474:
4463:
4283:
4272:
4039:
4028:
3910:Katharine Blodgett Gebbie
3608:Anne Catherine Hoof Green
3591:
3580:
3203:
3192:
3094:Sol del Ande Mendez Eaton
2825:
2814:
2622:
2611:
2152:10.1017/S1047951110000259
1924:American Women in Science
1767:10.1017/S1047951113001996
1441:10.1017/S1047951108002771
180:
153:
138:Elizabeth Blackwell Award
28:
6495:Scientists with dyslexia
6420:Boston University alumni
5340:Marjory Stoneman Douglas
5150:Wilhelmina Cole Holladay
4923:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
4002:Evelyn Williams Townsend
3854:Oretha Bridgwaters-Simms
3446:Rebecca Alban Hoffberger
2716:Juanita Jackson Mitchell
802:1973: Inducted into the
451:patent ductus arteriosus
411:patent ductus arteriosus
373:congenital heart defects
265:Cambridge, Massachusetts
259:Early life and education
52:Cambridge, Massachusetts
6321:Baldwin, Joyce (1992).
5830:Dorothy Harrison Eustis
5720:Catherine Filene Shouse
5573:Patricia Roberts Harris
5211:Mary Steichen Calderone
5079:Lillian Moller Gilbreth
4948:Frances Wisebart Jacobs
4752:Martha Wright Griffiths
4107:Celeste Revillon Winans
3874:Lizette Woodworth Reese
3503:Ramona McCarthy Hawkins
3395:Shoshana Shoubin Cardin
3215:Constance Uriolo Battle
2991:Harriet Elizabeth Brown
2955:Elizabeth King Ellicott
2476:"Taussig, Helen Brooke"
2306:. Bloomsbury Academic.
2140:Cardiology in the Young
1755:Cardiology in the Young
1429:Cardiology in the Young
1054:Swaby, Rachel. (2015).
1028:Encyclopedia Britannica
851:Something the Lord Made
764:University of Göttingen
724:1954: Feltrinelli Award
5776:Rebecca Talbot Perkins
5271:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
5135:Frances Xavier Cabrini
5049:Elizabeth Hanford Dole
4827:Ellen Swallow Richards
4797:Constance Baker Motley
4447:Elizabeth Bayley Seton
4380:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
3951:Emily Saunders Plummer
3946:Sandra Williams Ortega
3890:Marsha Coleman-Adebayo
3864:Elaine Danforth Harmon
3849:Sophia Arabatzis Balis
3297:Mary Young Pickersgill
3266:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
3225:Sonia Pressman Fuentes
3171:Elizabeth Fran Johnson
3130:Mary Katharine Goddard
3032:Nettie Barcroft Taylor
2986:Mary Elizabeth Banning
2685:Jeanette Rosner Wolman
2191:American Heart Journal
1645:McNamara, Dan (1987).
1356:Notable Maryland Women
1218:"Taussig-Bing Anomaly"
941:Van Robays, J (2016).
848:In the 2004 HBO movie
745:1963: Gold Heart Award
690:University of Delaware
620:Banning of thalidomide
614:ventricle of the heart
439:cyanotic heart defects
321:Harvard Medical School
267:, on May 24, 1898, to
215:Johns Hopkins Hospital
6290:Anna Wessels Williams
5977:Carlotta Walls LaNier
5710:Elisabeth KĂĽbler-Ross
5568:Martha Matilda Harper
5532:Mary Engle Pennington
5370:Frances Oldham Kelsey
5155:Anne Morrow Lindbergh
4908:Jane Cunningham Croly
4837:Katherine Siva Saubel
4732:Marian Wright Edelman
4655:Margaret Bourke-White
4580:Harriet Beecher Stowe
3613:Irene Morgan Kirkaldy
3564:Anne St. Clair Wright
3441:Marilyn Hughes Gaston
3166:Edith Houghton Hooker
3053:Madeleine L. Ellicott
3001:Mary Adelaide Nutting
2981:Rosalie Silber Abrams
2965:Martha Ellicott Tyson
2109:10.1542/peds.27.5.771
1874:10.4103/aca.ACA_80_17
1408:Science and Its Times
1108:Retrieved 2017-05-03.
1096:Retrieved 2017-05-03.
860:Mary Stuart Masterson
796:1973: Elected to the
789:1973: Elected to the
602:Taussig-Bing syndrome
284:Cotuit, Massachusetts
279:, a women's college.
117:E. Mead Johnson Award
6485:American deaf people
6340:Yount, Lisa (2012).
6325:. New York: Walker.
5987:Mary Harriman Rumsey
5825:St. Katharine Drexel
5669:Mary Burnett Talbert
5664:Blanche Stuart Scott
5649:Mother Marianne Cope
5629:Ruth Fulton Benedict
5588:Mildred Robbins Leet
5286:Angelina Grimké Weld
5160:Maria Goeppert Mayer
5130:Charlotte Anne Bunch
4707:Antoinette Blackwell
4686:Gertrude Belle Elion
4616:Ida B. Wells-Barnett
4385:Helen Brooke Taussig
4375:Margaret Chase Smith
4164:Charlotte M. Cooksey
3997:Rosa Gumataotao Rios
3961:Hattie N. Washington
3726:Helen Delich Bentley
3374:Margaret Byrd Rawson
3156:Florence Riefle Bahr
3125:Constance Ross Beims
3027:Amanda Taylor Norris
2929:Carmen Delgado Votaw
2878:Mary Elizabeth Lange
2747:Sadie Kneller Miller
2456:search.amphilsoc.org
2452:"APS Member History"
2304:Helen Brooke Taussig
1927:. ABC-CLIO. p.
1118:Yount, Lisa (1994).
730:1957: Fellow of the
672:Retirement and death
312:membership from the
187:Helen Brooke Taussig
23:Helen Brooke Taussig
6204:Rebecca S. Halstead
6178:Mary Church Terrell
5865:Barbara A. Mikulski
5593:Patsy Takemoto Mink
5578:Stephanie L. Kwolek
5517:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
5491:Emily Howell Warner
5436:Dorothy H. Andersen
5410:Annie Dodge Wauneka
5405:Mary Edwards Walker
5330:Faye Glenn Abdellah
5261:Edith Nourse Rogers
5241:Shirley Ann Jackson
5216:Mary Ann Shadd Cary
5094:Sandra Day O'Connor
5074:Matilda Joslyn Gage
4670:Florence B. Seibert
4507:Carrie Chapman Catt
4437:Juliette Gordon Low
4320:Elizabeth Blackwell
4315:Mary McLeod Bethune
4159:Janeen L. Birckhead
4056:Evelyn O. A. Darden
4007:Phyllis B. Trickett
3982:Augusta T. Chissell
3977:Marielsa A. Bernard
3528:Emily Wilson Walker
3482:Karen H. Rothenberg
3431:Liebe Sokol Diamond
3410:Edyth H. Schoenrich
3333:Ruth L. Kirschstein
3292:Florence P. Kendall
3287:Mabel Houze Hubbard
3271:Sandra W. Tomlinson
3176:Bernice Smith White
3073:Barbara A. Robinson
3068:Brigid G. Leventhal
3017:Jill Moss Greenberg
2857:Mary Lemist Titcomb
2757:Martha Carey Thomas
2690:Hiltgunt Zassenhaus
2675:Elizabeth Ann Seton
544:Tetralogy of Fallot
486:Tetralogy of Fallot
457:The first surgeries
443:Tetralogy of Fallot
392:Tetralogy of Fallot
346:heart muscles with
296:She graduated from
195:Tetralogy of Fallot
105:Role in banning of
6163:Barbara Rose Johns
6114:Flossie Wong-Staal
6089:Nicole Malachowski
6018:Lorraine Hansberry
5962:Marcia Greenberger
5916:Mary Joseph Rogers
5855:Coretta Scott King
5840:Abby Kelley Foster
5756:Susan Kelly-Dreiss
5644:Rita Rossi Colwell
5420:Frances E. Willard
5256:Rozanne L. Ridgway
5206:Lydia Moss Bradley
5191:Madeleine Albright
5084:Nannerl O. Keohane
5054:Anne Dallas Dudley
4983:Betty Bone Schiess
4953:Susette La Flesche
4938:Zora Neale Hurston
4933:Helen LaKelly Hunt
4857:Madam C. J. Walker
4772:Mary Putnam Jacobi
4722:Jacqueline Cochran
4702:Ethel Percy Andrus
4570:Barbara McClintock
4051:Victorine Q. Adams
3859:Mary C. Goodwillie
3813:E. Gail de Planque
3751:Beatrice P. Tignor
3705:Diana Gribbon Motz
3628:Lillie D. Shockney
3623:Bernice R. Sandler
3559:Allyson R. Solomon
3508:Ellen Moses Heller
3426:Susan Pardee Baker
3338:Etta Haynie Maddox
3230:Josephine Jacobsen
3161:Lillian C. Compton
3135:Elaine Ryan Hedges
2945:Rosalyn Blake Bell
2852:Adele Hagner Stamp
2752:Mary Eliza Risteau
2524:on 5 November 2012
2427:"Helen B. Taussig"
2348:"Helen B. Taussig"
1697:The New York Times
854:about the life of
664:, speaking at the
493:pulmonary stenosis
396:blue baby syndrome
273:Harvard University
199:blue baby syndrome
145:John Howland Award
6311:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6265:Kimberlé Crenshaw
6260:Elouise P. Cobell
6224:Katherine Johnson
6194:Octavia E. Butler
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6033:Clare Boothe Luce
5845:Helen Murray Free
5798:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5659:Patricia A. Locke
5624:Florence E. Allen
5608:Sheila E. Widnall
5553:Linda G. Alvarado
5537:Mercy Otis Warren
5496:Victoria Woodhull
5481:Barbara Holdridge
5476:Beatrice A. Hicks
5451:Lydia Maria Child
5365:Leontine T. Kelly
5303:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5125:Louisa May Alcott
5039:Mary Breckinridge
4918:Geraldine Ferraro
4903:Annie Jump Cannon
4628:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4365:Eleanor Roosevelt
4264:Inductees to the
4231:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4195:Adrienne A. Jones
4169:Ana Sol Gutierrez
4143:Odessa M. Shannon
4133:Gloria Richardson
4024:
4023:
4020:
4019:
3823:Katherine O'Brien
3792:Ann Cipriano Rees
3772:Agnes Kane Callum
3767:Dorothy F. Bailey
3649:Barbara Holdridge
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3400:Bessie Olive Cole
3379:Vivian V. Simpson
3328:Kathryn J. DuFour
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3140:Mary Carter Smith
3099:Catherine R. Gira
2914:Anna Ella Carroll
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
1732:Los Angeles Times
1065:978-0-553-44679-1
548:pulmonary atresia
540:Norwood Procedure
497:pulmonary atresia
447:pulmonary atresia
415:ductus arteriosus
356:Internal Medicine
328:Boston University
306:bachelor's degree
304:before earning a
302:Radcliffe College
277:Radcliffe College
184:
183:
155:Scientific career
149:
142:
135:
128:
121:
83:Boston University
6512:
6376:
6355:
6336:
6143:
6132:
6099:Louise Slaughter
6023:Victoria Jackson
5982:Philippa Marrack
5967:Barbara Iglewski
5875:Kathrine Switzer
5870:Donna E. Shalala
5815:
5804:
5761:Allie B. Latimer
5741:Louise Bourgeois
5715:Judith L. Pipher
5522:Katharine Graham
5466:Marian de Forest
5385:Anna Howard Shaw
5335:Emma Smith DeVoe
5320:
5309:
5221:Joan Ganz Cooney
5145:Oveta Culp Hobby
5140:Mary A. Hallaren
5003:Sarah Winnemucca
4872:Gloria Yerkovich
4867:Rosalyn S. Yalow
4822:Jeannette Rankin
4802:Georgia O'Keeffe
4757:Fannie Lou Hamer
4717:Shirley Chisholm
4665:Billie Jean King
4645:
4634:
4596:Gwendolyn Brooks
4476:
4465:
4305:Susan B. Anthony
4285:
4274:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4235:
4174:Gloria G. Lawlah
4138:Beatrice Rodgers
4097:Ruby Reese Moone
4092:Margaret Hawkins
4061:Claire Parkinson
4041:
4030:
4012:Pauline Woo Tsui
3956:Rita L. Robinson
3941:Sandra I. Barnes
3808:Beverly B. Byron
3782:Susan K. Goering
3746:Linda A. Shevitz
3664:Lucy Diggs Slowe
3644:Carol W. Greider
3603:Claire M. Fraser
3593:
3582:
3467:Annette M.Deener
3359:Edmonson sisters
3302:Lorraine Sheehan
3205:
3194:
2883:Claire McCardell
2827:
2816:
2798:Estelle R. Ramey
2742:Barbara Mikulski
2726:Helen B. Taussig
2644:Rita C. Davidson
2624:
2613:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2575:
2568:
2567:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2520:. Archived from
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2404:. Archived from
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2352:geni_family_tree
2344:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2299:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2245:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2004:(4): 1079–1086.
1993:
1987:
1986:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1876:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1836:surgery.ucsf.edu
1828:
1822:
1821:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1688:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1642:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1592:
1584:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1541:
1509:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1420:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1273:. Archived from
1262:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1213:
1202:
1201:
1182:Ogilvie, Marilyn
1174:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1078:
1077:
1051:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
998:
981:
980:
970:
938:
901:
900:
898:
897:
876:
707:Legion d'Honneur
654:morning sickness
419:pulmonary artery
171:Notable students
147:
140:
133:
126:
119:
66:
47:
45:
33:
19:
6520:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6380:
6379:
6373:
6358:
6352:
6339:
6333:
6320:
6317:
6315:Further reading
6312:
6299:
6295:Serena Williams
6238:
6182:
6168:Henrietta Lacks
6158:Barbara Hillary
6153:Aretha Franklin
6137:
6118:
6104:Sonia Sotomayor
6057:
5996:
5947:Tenley Albright
5935:
5921:Bernice Sandler
5879:
5860:Lilly Ledbetter
5835:Loretta C. Ford
5809:
5790:
5729:
5725:Henrietta Szold
5685:Eleanor K. Baum
5673:
5639:Hillary Clinton
5612:
5563:Gertrude Ederle
5558:Donna de Varona
5541:
5500:
5446:Rosalynn Carter
5424:
5400:Wilma L. Vaught
5355:Crystal Eastman
5350:Sylvia A. Earle
5314:
5295:
5291:Chien-Shiung Wu
5266:Felice Schwartz
5236:Julia Ward Howe
5179:
5170:Maria Tallchief
5113:
5069:Margaret Fuller
5064:Ella Fitzgerald
5059:Mary Baker Eddy
5012:
4968:Antonia Novello
4943:Anne Hutchinson
4876:
4817:Esther Peterson
4792:Wilma Mankiller
4712:Emily Blackwell
4690:
4674:
4639:
4620:
4584:
4558:
4537:
4516:
4512:Frances Perkins
4495:
4491:Sojourner Truth
4486:Margaret Sanger
4470:
4451:
4420:
4394:
4340:Emily Dickinson
4300:Marian Anderson
4279:
4268:
4262:
4232:
4219:
4183:
4147:
4111:
4102:Nancy K. Welker
4075:
4071:Leslie R. Wolfe
4035:
4016:
3987:Dominique Dawes
3965:
3929:
3878:
3837:
3796:
3787:Henrietta Lacks
3755:
3741:Ellen Sauerbrey
3714:
3710:Gwendolyn Rooks
3690:Margaret Dunkle
3673:
3669:June A. Willenz
3632:
3587:
3568:
3532:
3491:
3487:Audrey E. Scott
3455:
3414:
3383:
3369:Esther McCready
3347:
3306:
3275:
3261:Charmaine Krohe
3251:Kathleen Feeley
3239:
3220:Lois Green Carr
3199:
3180:
3144:
3113:
3077:
3063:Mary Digges Lee
3041:
3005:
2969:
2950:Lucille Clifton
2933:
2909:Annie Armstrong
2897:
2873:Rita R. Colwell
2861:
2842:Enolia McMillan
2821:
2802:
2766:
2730:
2721:Mary Shaw Shorb
2694:
2680:Henrietta Szold
2658:
2649:Gladys Spellman
2618:
2607:
2602:
2572:
2571:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2500:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2409:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2328:
2318:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2278:medlineplus.gov
2272:
2271:
2267:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2072:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2038:
2037:
2033:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1961:(15): 955–959.
1951:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1690:
1689:
1680:
1644:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1585:
1573:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1511:
1510:
1499:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1405:
1398:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1352:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1323:
1321:
1318:Harvard Gazette
1312:
1311:
1307:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1265:Edwards, Todd.
1264:
1263:
1259:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1198:
1176:
1175:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1081:
1066:
1053:
1052:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1000:
999:
984:
940:
939:
904:
895:
893:
878:
877:
873:
868:
846:
844:Film portrayals
702:
679:palliative care
674:
622:
591:rheumatic fever
559:
511:
459:
377:rheumatic fever
369:
364:
261:
228:techniques and
175:S. I. Padmavati
143:
136:
129:
122:
104:
100:
85:
79:Alma mater
74:
68:
64:
55:
49:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6518:
6516:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6371:
6356:
6350:
6337:
6331:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6275:Judith Plaskow
6272:
6270:Peggy McIntosh
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6246:
6244:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6234:Michelle Obama
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6149:
6147:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6109:Laurie Spiegel
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6028:Sherry Lansing
6025:
6020:
6015:
6013:Temple Grandin
6010:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5972:Jean Kilbourne
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5896:Ina May Gaskin
5893:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5850:Billie Holiday
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5583:Dorothea Lange
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5456:Bessie Coleman
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5044:Eileen Collins
5041:
5036:
5034:Amelia Bloomer
5031:
5026:
5024:Virginia Apgar
5020:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4993:Nettie Stevens
4990:
4988:Muriel Siebert
4985:
4980:
4975:
4973:Linda Richards
4970:
4965:
4963:Maria Mitchell
4960:
4958:Louise McManus
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4913:Catherine East
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4862:Faye Wattleton
4859:
4854:
4849:
4847:Helen Stephens
4844:
4842:Gloria Steinem
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4767:Dolores Huerta
4764:
4762:Dorothy Height
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4660:Barbara Jordan
4657:
4651:
4649:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4528:Belva Lockwood
4524:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4482:
4480:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4390:Harriet Tubman
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:Florence Sabin
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4350:Alice Hamilton
4347:
4345:Amelia Earhart
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4270:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4205:Brooke Lierman
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4128:Mary L. Cleave
4125:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4087:Elizabeth Bobo
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3920:Helen Maroulis
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3895:Carolyn Colvin
3892:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3833:Sue Fryer Ward
3830:
3828:Linda L. Singh
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Charlene Dukes
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3523:Toby Orenstein
3520:
3515:
3513:Billie Holiday
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3472:Sally T. Grant
3469:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3405:Susan R. Panny
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3364:Nancy Grasmick
3361:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3089:Diane L. Adams
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2996:Connie Morella
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2837:Lucille Maurer
2833:
2831:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2654:Harriet Tubman
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Margaret Brent
2630:
2628:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2569:
2549:
2535:
2509:
2485:
2467:
2443:
2418:
2389:
2364:
2339:
2312:
2289:
2265:
2236:(2): 229–235.
2216:
2197:(4): 551–559.
2181:
2146:(4): 387–395.
2130:
2083:
2074:|website=
2050:
2031:
1988:
1944:
1937:
1906:
1867:(3): 323–330.
1847:
1823:
1812:(3): 189–202.
1796:
1761:(6): 852–857.
1744:
1716:
1678:
1657:(3): 662–671.
1632:
1608:
1571:
1553:
1524:(4): 272–279.
1497:
1470:
1435:(6): 557–564.
1412:
1396:
1361:
1339:
1330:
1305:
1287:
1257:
1228:(6): 580–585.
1203:
1196:
1148:
1134:
1110:
1098:
1079:
1064:
1039:
1015:
982:
953:(3): 183–187.
902:
870:
869:
867:
864:
845:
842:
826:
825:
822:
815:
812:
806:
800:
794:
787:
781:
775:
767:
760:
757:Lyndon Johnson
752:
746:
743:
737:
734:
728:
725:
722:
716:
713:Alfred Blalock
709:
701:
698:
673:
670:
621:
618:
558:
557:Further career
555:
510:
507:
463:Alfred Blalock
458:
455:
368:
365:
363:
360:
348:Alexander Begg
310:Phi Beta Kappa
260:
257:
207:Alfred Blalock
182:
181:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
151:
150:
114:
110:
109:
94:
93:Known for
90:
89:
80:
76:
75:
69:
67:(aged 87)
61:
57:
56:
50:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6517:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6374:
6372:9780786421619
6368:
6364:
6363:
6357:
6353:
6351:9781604136586
6347:
6343:
6338:
6334:
6332:9780802781673
6328:
6324:
6319:
6318:
6314:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6250:Patricia Bath
6248:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6219:Emily Howland
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6173:Toni Morrison
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6133:
6129:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6069:Gloria Allred
6067:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6038:Aimee Mullins
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6008:Matilda Cuomo
6006:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5993:
5992:Eleanor Smeal
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5957:Martha Graham
5955:
5953:
5952:Nancy Brinker
5950:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5926:Anna Schwartz
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5805:
5801:
5787:
5786:Kate Stoneman
5784:
5782:
5781:Susan Solomon
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5705:Winona LaDuke
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5634:Betty Bumpers
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5603:Anne Sullivan
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5471:Althea Gibson
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5310:
5306:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5281:Florence Wald
5279:
5277:
5276:Beverly Sills
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5246:Shannon Lucid
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5176:
5175:Edith Wharton
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5104:Pat Schroeder
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:Oprah Winfrey
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:Wilma Rudolph
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:Myra Bradwell
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4832:Elaine Roulet
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4742:Betty Friedan
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4631:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4533:Lucretia Mott
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4466:
4462:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Margaret Mead
4409:
4407:
4406:Abigail Adams
4404:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:Rachel Carson
4328:
4326:
4325:Pearl S. Buck
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4259:
4254:
4252:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4027:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3992:Virginia Hall
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3915:Katie Ledecky
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Donna Edwards
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:Jean B. Cryor
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3700:Alice Manicur
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Maureen Black
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:Ligia Peralta
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3579:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3554:Harriet Legum
3552:
3550:
3549:Diane Griffin
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:Pauline Menes
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:Prasanna Nair
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3451:Grace Snively
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3235:Rosetta Stith
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3191:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3109:Rosa Ponselle
3107:
3105:
3104:Helen L. Koss
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2813:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Lena King Lee
2791:
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2788:Lavinia Engle
2786:
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2783:Eugenie Clark
2781:
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2778:Bertha Adkins
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2408:on 2022-01-26
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2354:. 24 May 1898
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6280:Loretta Ross
6255:Ruby Bridges
6199:Judy Chicago
6094:Rose O'Neill
6074:Angela Davis
6053:Alice Waters
6048:Janet Rowley
6043:Carol Mutter
5931:Emma Willard
5911:Nancy Pelosi
5906:Kate Millett
5771:Ruth Patrick
5766:Emma Lazarus
5751:Karen DeCrow
5746:Mildred Cohn
5441:Lucille Ball
5415:Eudora Welty
5390:Sophia Smith
5375:Kate Mullany
5231:Sarah Grimké
5196:Maya Angelou
5029:Ann Bancroft
5008:Fanny Wright
4928:Grace Hopper
4852:Lillian Wald
4807:Annie Oakley
4787:Mary Mahoney
4611:Mary Risteau
4601:Willa Cather
4554:Bessie Smith
4432:Dorothea Dix
4384:
4360:Helen Keller
4335:Mary Cassatt
4310:Clara Barton
4215:Nancy Pelosi
4210:Aruna Miller
4200:Susan C. Lee
4179:Jackie Ronne
4123:Dorothy Blum
3925:Lilian Welsh
3905:Mary Garrett
3818:Mary S. Feik
3777:Renee E. Fox
3659:Gertrude Poe
3323:Edith Clarke
3022:Mary L. Nock
2960:Jean Spencer
2919:Rose Kushner
2893:Alta Schrock
2888:Bessie Moses
2847:Pauli Murray
2725:
2706:Clara Barton
2561:
2552:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2512:
2501:. Retrieved
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2459:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2430:
2421:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:the original
2401:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2367:
2356:. Retrieved
2351:
2342:
2303:
2281:. Retrieved
2277:
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2233:
2229:
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2194:
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2096:
2086:
2055:. Retrieved
2040:
2034:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1923:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:
1826:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1736:. Retrieved
1734:. 1986-05-23
1731:
1708:. Retrieved
1696:
1654:
1650:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:
1611:
1562:
1556:
1521:
1517:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:
1432:
1428:
1407:
1377:(1): 89–98.
1374:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1333:
1322:. Retrieved
1320:. 2012-04-26
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1279:. Retrieved
1275:the original
1270:
1260:
1225:
1221:
1186:
1139:. Retrieved
1120:
1113:
1101:
1055:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
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950:
946:
894:. Retrieved
890:the original
883:
874:
849:
847:
827:
769:
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694:
687:
675:
658:
623:
598:Richard Bing
595:
587:
582:
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576:
560:
552:
536:
531:
527:
523:
520:
512:
500:
490:
482:Eileen Saxon
479:
460:
436:
407:Robert Gross
404:
381:
370:
336:bacteriology
325:
318:
295:
291:tuberculosis
288:
281:
262:
238:
230:hearing aids
219:
191:cardiologist
186:
185:
154:
65:(1986-05-20)
48:May 24, 1898
6395:1986 deaths
6390:1898 births
6285:Sandy Stone
6229:Indra Nooyi
5901:Julie Krone
5700:Swanee Hunt
5690:Julia Child
5654:Maya Y. Lin
5527:Bertha Holt
5461:Dorothy Day
5395:Ida Tarbell
5360:Jeanne Holm
5089:Maggie Kuhn
4888:Bella Abzug
4777:Mae Jemison
4747:Ella Grasso
4737:Alice Evans
4727:Ruth Colvin
4355:Helen Hayes
4295:Jane Addams
4066:Nancy Roman
3869:Joanne Katz
3544:Ilia Fehrer
3256:Misbah Khan
3058:Ethel Ennis
2402:www.hws.edu
2330:|work=
1178:Harvey, Joy
646:thalidomide
634:Netherlands
572:stethoscope
567:fluoroscopy
384:fluoroscopy
241:thalidomide
234:stethoscope
226:lip-reading
107:thalidomide
63:20 May 1986
6384:Categories
6084:Jane Fonda
6079:Sarah Deer
5891:Betty Ford
5380:Janet Reno
5226:Gerty Cori
5201:Nellie Bly
4893:Ella Baker
4812:Rosa Parks
4606:Sally Ride
4575:Lucy Stone
4442:Alice Paul
3695:Nancy Kopp
3343:Debbie Yow
2503:2020-03-22
2461:2022-08-11
2412:2020-03-22
2358:2020-02-26
2283:2020-03-22
2103:(5): 771.
2097:Pediatrics
2057:2020-03-22
1841:2020-03-23
1738:2020-03-23
1710:2020-03-23
1626:2020-03-22
1581:1004376412
1491:2020-03-23
1486:hekint.org
1324:2020-03-22
1281:2020-02-26
1141:9 November
1033:2020-02-25
896:2023-08-06
866:References
836:, and the
762:1965: The
638:phocomelia
165:Cardiology
98:cardiology
44:1898-05-24
6214:Joy Harjo
6136:2020–2029
5808:2010–2019
5598:Sacagawea
5345:Mary Dyer
5313:2000–2009
4782:Mary Lyon
4638:1990–1999
4469:1980–1989
4278:1970–1979
3436:Bea Gaddy
2332:ignored (
2322:cite book
2252:1010-7940
2160:1047-9511
2117:0031-4005
2076:ignored (
2066:cite book
2018:0735-1097
1975:0028-4793
1883:0971-9784
1775:1047-9511
1705:0362-4331
1589:cite book
1530:0730-2347
1449:1467-1107
1391:0002-9513
1234:0730-2347
1074:903952884
1008:5 October
959:2032-0418
515:Baltimore
332:histology
316:in 1921.
6209:Mia Hamm
2436:July 29,
2382:July 29,
2260:17223568
2211:18114947
2176:43180329
2168:20444313
2125:70575222
1901:28701598
1791:37408731
1783:24401258
1465:13549398
1457:18842160
1252:20069085
1184:(2000).
977:28003874
650:Softenon
632:and the
441:such as
431:placenta
388:cyanosis
222:deafness
2528:25 July
2026:3047192
1983:6700692
1892:5535574
1673:3305662
1548:7888802
1300:jwa.org
1243:2801930
968:5172576
683:hospice
630:Belgium
626:Germany
421:to the
367:Concept
340:anatomy
6369:
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2494:"AMWA"
2310:
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957:
832:, the
817:2005:
700:Honors
563:x-rays
509:Legacy
427:foetus
413:. The
338:, and
161:Fields
148:(1971)
141:(1970)
134:(1964)
127:(1954)
120:(1947)
113:Awards
73:, U.S.
54:, U.S.
4034:2020s
3586:2010s
3198:2000s
2820:1990s
2617:1980s
2376:(PDF)
2172:S2CID
2121:S2CID
1787:S2CID
1461:S2CID
636:with
610:aorta
425:of a
423:aorta
6367:ISBN
6346:ISBN
6327:ISBN
6243:2024
6187:2022
6146:2020
6062:2019
6001:2017
5940:2015
5884:2013
5818:2011
5734:2009
5678:2007
5617:2005
5546:2003
5505:2002
5429:2001
5323:2000
5184:1998
5118:1996
5017:1995
4881:1994
4695:1993
4679:1991
4648:1990
4589:1988
4563:1986
4542:1984
4521:1983
4500:1982
4479:1981
4425:1979
4399:1976
4288:1973
4188:2024
4152:2023
4116:2022
4080:2021
4044:2020
3970:2019
3934:2018
3883:2017
3842:2016
3801:2015
3760:2014
3719:2013
3678:2012
3637:2011
3596:2010
3537:2009
3496:2008
3460:2007
3419:2006
3388:2005
3352:2004
3311:2003
3280:2002
3244:2001
3208:2000
3149:1999
3118:1998
3082:1997
3046:1996
3010:1995
2974:1994
2938:1993
2902:1992
2866:1991
2830:1990
2771:1989
2735:1988
2699:1987
2663:1986
2627:1985
2563:IMDb
2530:2012
2438:2014
2384:2014
2334:help
2308:ISBN
2256:PMID
2248:ISSN
2207:PMID
2164:PMID
2156:ISSN
2113:ISSN
2078:help
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2014:ISSN
1979:PMID
1971:ISSN
1933:ISBN
1897:PMID
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1779:PMID
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1701:ISSN
1669:PMID
1603:link
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1248:PMID
1230:ISSN
1192:ISBN
1143:2016
1130:ISBN
1070:OCLC
1060:ISBN
1010:2013
973:PMID
955:ISSN
681:and
565:and
495:and
375:and
308:and
209:and
60:Died
38:Born
2238:doi
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2006:doi
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1959:310
1929:387
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1869:doi
1814:doi
1810:128
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963:PMC
662:FDA
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