529:
510:
patterned with a black crown and nape and white stripes along the sides of its neck, as well as a white throat and chin. The long tail (almost a third of the total length) extends well beyond the body in flight, and sits fanned out on or just below the surface of the water while the bird swims. Females have a rufous patch on the side of the face that brightens to a cinnamon-orange color during the breeding season. Also during the breeding season, her eye ring becomes brighter in color and her lower mandible goes from dark red to bright scarlet. Slightly shorter on average than the male, with a slightly shorter wingspan, 13.77 cm (5.42 in), but slightly more powerfully-built with a higher average mass, 130–140 g (4.6–4.9 oz).
685:"; breeding is correlated with rainfall and corresponding high water levels that flood habitat and bring the sort of low-overhanging vegetation that subgrebes like to build their nest in. The bolder coloration of the females, as well as their greater mass and the males' role as primary caregiver for the young, suggest that females court the males, although this has not yet been observed. Both the male and female birds take part in the nest building, which typically consists of twigs, reeds, and dried leaves. The nest is a flimsy platform placed about a meter above the water's surface.
541:
583:
755:
719:
595:
559:
86:
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571:
61:
794:. Their northward expansion seems to justify that status. However, very little is known about any population of sungrebe, including the nature of their risk factors and whether the range of the Sungrebe consists of a single large population at low risk or a series of genetically distinct populations at higher risk. Further, tropical wetland areas are attractive targets for
458:
42:
649:, they are not found in most Caribbean nations, and seem to have difficulty dispersing over long distances of saltwater. Though occasionally recorded at higher elevations, the sungrebe is usually associated with lowlands from sea level to around 500 meters. They are residents throughout their range; they do not seem to migrate.
215:
770:
seasonally, except to move out of drying habitats and into flooding ones within their range. It is not known how far juvenile sungrebes disperse after fledging, nor is it known if one sex preferentially disperses. It might be notable, however, that erratic sungrebes found outside of their known range
762:
Sungrebes prefer quiet forest streams and rivers, freshwater ponds, and lakes with thick, overhanging vegetation. Here, they hunt snails and a variety of terrestrial and aquatic arthropods, as well as small fish, frogs and lizards. They will also eat some plant matter, including seeds and fruit. Most
693:
of only 10 to 11 days. Both sexes share responsibility in the incubation of the eggs; the female sits on the nest for most of the daylight hours and throughout the night, while male incubates them during the middle part of the day. Unlike their close relatives, the
African and Asian finfoot, whose
551:
The male is similar to the female, but has slightly drabber plumage; in particular the male lacks the bright orange-rufous patch on the cheeks that the female displays, and while his lower mandible turns from pale beige to dark red during the breeding season, it does not get as bright as that of the
726:
The pouch of a male sungrebe is a shallow, ovular pocket formed by pleats of well-muscled skin that extend along the side of the chest under the wings, further buffered by a wall of long, curved feathers growing upwards and backwards from the lower part of the side of the chest. These feathers hold
709:
Males transfer the young to their pouches soon after hatching and keep them there, feeding them and cleaning out their waste, until they are able to swim and feed independently. For some period of time after this, the chicks continue to follow their father and perhaps their mother, often riding on
727:
chicks in place during movement, even allowing a male to carry them while diving and flying. The bird appears to have some muscular control over the shape of the pleats, and can restrict or enhance fluid flow into the tissue to make them more or less rigid. Each pouch can hold one or two chicks.
688:
There are usually two to four eggs in a clutch. They are round in shape with a buffy white to pale cinnamon base color, with irregularly-shaped dark cinnamon, ruddy brown, and pale purple sports scattered uniformly over the surface at variable densities from egg to egg. The eggs hatch after an
509:
The female is a small, slim bird, averaging about 30 cm (12 in) in length. Sungrebes have lobed toes, and the bare skin of their feet and legs are boldly banded in yellow and black. The body plumage is mostly varying shades of reddish brown, while the head and neck are strikingly
745:
found in the same habitat as finfeet in which males also provide most of the parental care, young are frequently sheltered and even carried by tucking them under the wings and holding them against the body. This could have been the ancestral state for
Sungrebes, as well.
326:
Sungrebes are unique among birds in that males have "pouches", folds of skin under their wings in which they carry their young from hatching until the chicks are able to swim for themselves. This has led to them being called "Marsupial Birds"
481:. This adds credence to the idea that finfeet moved from an African origin into Eurasia and then across Beringia and through North America to reach South America, rather than coming across the Atlantic from Africa, or having evolved on
528:
911:
in North
Carolina, USA. This is the earliest-known Finfoot fossil, and its discovery raised questions as to whether thus far undiscovered South American ancestors of sungrebes moved into North America well before the
1190:
Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques
806:
of Latin
America. Nevertheless, Sungrebes seem to be faring much better than their relatives, who live in much more population-dense, much less well protected or environmentally regulated parts of the world.
319:, that they use to propel themselves in the water. They are reclusive birds, preferring well-covered slow-flowing streams and secluded waterways, sometimes swimming partly submerged, like an
558:
1457:
Garcia-R, Juan C.; Gibb, Gillian C.; Trewick, Steve A. (2014). "Deep global evolutionary radiation in birds: Diversification and trait evolution in the cosmopolitan bird family
Rallidae".
763:
hunting and foraging takes place on or just above the surface of the water, although they may make short dives after fish and frogs, or hunt from low perches over the water.
552:
female. On average he is slightly longer and with a wider wingspan 14.1 cm (5.6 in) than the female, but more lightly built with a lower average mass (110-140g).
1345:
3597:
787:
3636:
3796:
1834:
1526:
Fain, Matthew G.; Krajewski, Carey; Houde, Peter (May 2007). "Phylogeny of "core
Gruiformes" (Aves: Grues) and resolution of the Limpkin–Sungrebe problem".
434:, and even placed the limpkins within Heliornithidae in 1990. However, more recent genetic analyses suggests that limpkins are sister taxa to cranes, the
665:
605:
Juveniles have similar plumage to the male, but are slightly smaller, and with a grayer cast to the body feathers and more white on the cheeks and neck.
3755:
3571:
652:
Sungrebes seem to be expanding the northern limit of their range in northeastern Mexico. They were historically found no farther north than central
516:
570:
3610:
3826:
1150:
1128:
336:
451:
419:
1304:
1240:
363:
to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist
1904:
1581:
1329:
876:
825:: IpequĂ, Avesol Americano, Colimbo-selvático Americano, Pájaro Cantil, Pájaro del Sol, Patas Lobuladas, Pato Cantil, Zambullidor-Sol
799:
702:
upon hatching, blind and defenseless with only sparse down and poorly matured feet and bill. They are covered with fuzzy down that is
1296:
3806:
594:
3821:
3701:
1861:
802:. The Sungrebe's preference for heavy cover and tendency to avoid the presence of humans may limit its ability to cope with the
3816:
3811:
1361:"A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae)"
766:
Sungrebes live at variable, but generally low population densities, and are generally solitary or found in pairs. They do not
540:
3615:
1683:
582:
1799:
Butchart, S., & Ekstrom, J. (Eds.). (2012). Sungrebe. Retrieved
December 6, 2012, from BirdLife International website:
1290:
1154:
613:
Sungrebes are found in heavily vegetated, mostly freshwater wetland environments, from northeast Mexico south along the
352:
737:
Since no other species of bird have been found that have pouches, it is difficult to say how this evolved; however, in
3522:
1763:
Sungrebe or
American Finfoots. (2012). Retrieved December 10, 2012, from BeautyOfBirds (formerly Avian Web) website:
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85:
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1016:
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Male in breeding plumage. Note the duller overall plumage, the duller red bill, and the lack of a cheek-patch.
3801:
1867:
3654:
1715:
629:, and then along the Pacific coast from Panama through central Ecuador. They are also found throughout the
214:
3509:
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783:
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1743:
3688:
1232:
Priority! The Dating of
Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers
1209:
908:
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187:
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360:
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1015:(T. S. Schulenberg, Ed.). Retrieved December 10, 2012, from The Cornell Lab of Ornithology website:
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646:
278:
50:
3134:
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2016:
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Given that their range is very large and that the species is not directly targeted for human use,
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266:
80:
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1995:
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Williams, S.O.; King, S.A.; Fettig, K.R.; Oldnettel, J.R.; Parmeter, J.E. (2009). "A Sungrebe (
774:
There is also no information on life span, age at first breeding, or mortality rates of young.
3768:
3675:
3628:
3545:
2961:
2762:
2444:
2169:
1577:
1551:
1543:
1497:"First fossil record of a finfoot (Aves: Heliornithidae) and its biogeographical significance"
1474:
1439:
1325:
1300:
1236:
921:
831:: Ipequi, Pequi, Picaparra, Marrequinha-do-IgapĂł, MergulhĂŁo, Patinho-de-IgapĂł, Ananai, Dom-dom
710:
their back. It is unknown how involved mothers are in the care of their young after hatching.
494:
293:
243:
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2705:
2496:
2463:
2083:
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1380:
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960:
852:
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816:
803:
405:
3514:
1855:
3662:
3338:
3252:
2389:
1184:
1087:
Alvarez del Toro, M. (1971). "On the biology of the
American finfoot in southern Mexico".
882:
642:
474:
364:
258:
204:
3488:
942:
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slate-gray with a white belly and throat. The bill is slate-gray with a pale yellow tip.
1417:
454:, probably in Africa. Sarothruridae, in turn, is considered a sister clade to Rallidae.
3035:
2588:
1434:
1401:
1385:
1360:
1110:
905:
888:
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and would be difficult to spot even in fresh specimens unless one knew to seek it out.
722:
Diagram of chick inside pouch; dotted lines show feather wall that holds chick in pouch
703:
690:
614:
478:
470:
415:
286:
254:
147:
1033:
681:
The sungrebe has a mating season that begins in the middle of April during the "early
3790:
3623:
3198:
3157:
3107:
3052:
2913:
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951:
630:
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368:
348:
70:
65:
1607:
The birds of British Guiana, based on the collection of Frederick Vavasour McConnell
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3080:
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2406:
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2160:
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in New Mexico, USA, the first historical record of Sungrebes in the United States.
634:
622:
435:
427:
390:
301:
3719:
3537:
1402:"A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds"
1263:
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It is unknown whether other finfoots share this trait, as it does not persist in
3584:
3468:
3307:
3287:
3273:
3205:
3164:
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3059:
2987:
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2100:
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Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature: Ornithologie
1213:
1188:
1166:
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439:
274:
270:
17:
3459:
1065:
http://www.planetofbirds.com/gruiformes-helionithidae-sungrebe-heliornis-fulica
497:
while failing to colonize any major Caribbean islands that do not have glacial
3714:
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3328:
3321:
3314:
3259:
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3001:
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2234:
2128:
1971:
1956:
1944:
1914:
1873:
1764:
1496:
682:
661:
446:, a group originally thought to be nested within rails, form a lineage called
239:
137:
1547:
1063:). (2011, May 8). Retrieved December 10, 2012, from Planet of Birds website:
3375:
3266:
3191:
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2176:
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1615:
738:
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656:, but by the 1940s had established populations throughout Veracruz and into
457:
443:
297:
97:
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1443:
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1139:(in French). Vol. 15. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. pp. 385–386.
1017:
http://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/portal/species/overview?p_p_spp=142196
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1932:
917:
664:, and an individual was sighted on 13 November 2008 on the Marsh Loop at
653:
638:
486:
482:
117:
1111:"Queer Birds - Marsupial Avians, Compost Heaters and Obligate Parasites"
3760:
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1950:
1882:
431:
344:
320:
1512:
1365:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
576:
Male. Note that his bill has turned beige-white out of breeding season
485:, separated with the shifting of the continents, and moved north into
3114:
2611:
1926:
522:
Female in breeding plumage. Note the orange cheek patch and red bill.
351:. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by
107:
3563:
3430:
41:
3589:
3558:
1938:
753:
742:
717:
456:
379:
312:
1218:(in French). Vol. Part 1. Paris: Panckoucke. p. lxxxiv.
246:
from northeastern Mexico to central Ecuador and southern Brazil.
3184:
3015:
2148:
1007:
1005:
1003:
493:, and the success of the Sungrebe at colonizing the continental
489:
from there. This would also explain the absence of finfeet from
316:
127:
3434:
2494:
1969:
1886:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
1801:
http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=2802
477:, according to the results of both Mitochondrial and Nuclear
442:. Other studies suggest that finfeet and the Afro-Madagascan
1220:
Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (
257:, to which it belongs, contains just two other species: the
885:: Picpare, Grébifoulque d'Amérique, Grébifoulque de Cayenne
461:
Historical distribution of the three extant Heliornithids.
1264:"Flufftails, finfoots, rails, trumpeters, cranes, limpkin"
900:
A 14 million year-old fossil humerus identical to that of
1224:) containing the description was published in 1791. See:
438:, and that finfeet are instead sister taxa to rails, the
1173:. Vol. 9. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 893.
790:
evaluates the conservation status of the Sungrebe as of
1604:
Chubb, Charles.; McConnell, Frederick Vavasour (1916).
1229:; Overstreet, L.K.; Dowsett, R.J.; Bruce, M.D. (2011).
660:. They are now expanding their range further north in
621:
coasts through Panama, where they live throughout the
378:. The sungrebe is now the only species placed in the
3364:
3334:
3103:
3093:
3048:
3031:
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2976:
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2936:
2926:
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2012:
2002:
1991:
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2507:
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2379:
2329:
2272:
2263:
2233:
2193:
2156:
2147:
2124:
2079:
1982:
1874:
A Female Sungrebe foraging for food in the Pantanal
1501:
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
1055:
1053:
1051:
469:Within Heliornithidae, sungrebes are sister to the
411:is Latin for "coot". No subspecies are recognised.
966:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692192A163319257.en
335:The sungrebe was described by the French polymath
1658:) in New Mexico: a first for the United States".
758:Foraging in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica.
307:These waterfowl have broad lobes on their feet,
1322:Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world
414:There is some debate where the finfoot family,
1898:
1835:"Sungrebe: Heliornis fulica (Boddaert, 1783)"
1716:"Mother and Baby » Focusing on Wildlife"
1194:(in French). Utrecht. p. 54, Number 893.
8:
1400:Claramunt, Santiago; Cracraft, Joel (2015).
1344:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1292:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
359:which was produced under the supervision of
1765:http://www.beautyofbirds.com/sungrebes.html
1235:. Northampton, UK: Aves Press. p. 78.
920:and then moved into South America when the
3431:
3239:
3130:
2627:
2504:
2491:
2269:
2153:
1979:
1966:
1905:
1891:
1883:
1868:Sungrebe information, photos, & sounds
1862:Sungrebe information, photos, & sounds
1744:"Mystery bird: Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica"
1036:. Bird Families of the World. 5 April 2000
1028:
1026:
1024:
666:Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
385:that was erected by the French naturalist
249:It is the only living member of the genus
213:
59:
40:
31:
1433:
1384:
964:
1682:Ingels, Johan; Tauleigne, David (2011).
1515:– via Smithsonian Research Online.
1171:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
1034:"SUNGREBE & FINFOOTS Heliornithidae"
473:, rather than the geographically closer
357:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
933:
554:
512:
1828:
1737:
1735:
1649:
1647:
1337:
1254:
1252:
337:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1759:
1757:
1710:
1708:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1634:), Bosque del Apache NWR, New Mexico"
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1567:
1565:
1528:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1490:
1488:
1459:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1295:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1270:. International Ornithologists' Union
393:. The name of the genus combines the
7:
1864:on Avibase - The World Bird Database
1856:Sungrebe videos, photos & sounds
1104:
1102:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
3797:IUCN Red List least concern species
1011:Luo, Miles. K. (2009, October 16).
952:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
450:that separated from each other at
25:
1870:on The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
916:, or if they instead came across
420:Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds
389:in 1791 with the sungrebe as the
244:tropical and subtropical Americas
1151:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
1129:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
593:
581:
569:
557:
539:
527:
515:
84:
1876:by Pantanal Birdclub on YouTube
1858:on the Internet Bird Collection
1262:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
941:BirdLife International (2020).
1137:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
643:Brazilian Atlantic Rainforests
418:, fits within Gruiformes. The
341:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1:
3827:Taxa named by Pieter Boddaert
1684:"First record of a Sungrebe (
1167:"Le grebifoulque, de Cayenne"
343:from a specimen collected in
1781:Naish, Darren (2018-11-29).
1742:GrrlScientist (2011-11-22).
1638:Arizona Field Ornithologists
1576:. London: Christopher Helm.
1320:G., Sibley, Charles (1990).
819:: Sungrebe, American Finfoot
1540:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.015
1471:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.008
1268:World Bird List Version 9.2
1163:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
1109:Majka, Christopher (1992).
771:have tended to be females.
3843:
1289:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1155:Martinet, François-Nicolas
914:Great American Interchange
534:Female in breeding plumage
426:, suggested that they are
2630:
2503:
2490:
1978:
1965:
1921:
1783:"Pouches of the Sungrebe"
1572:Hilty, Steven L. (2003).
1495:Olson, Storrs L. (2003).
1324:. Yale University Press.
1206:Bonnaterre, Pierre Joseph
959:: e.T22692192A163319257.
600:Head and foot of a female
353:François-Nicolas Martinet
221:
212:
193:
186:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
3807:Birds of Central America
1688:) nest in French Guiana"
1115:New Brunswick Naturalist
609:Distribution and habitat
374:in his catalogue of the
3822:Birds described in 1783
1616:10.5962/bhl.title.55018
1610:. London: B. Quaritch.
3817:Birds of the Caribbean
3812:Birds of South America
1833:LePage, Denis (2018).
1426:10.1126/sciadv.1501005
1377:10.1098/rstb.1998.0353
1359:Livezey, B.C. (1998).
1210:Vieillot, Louis Pierre
800:hydroelectric projects
784:BirdLife International
759:
723:
698:, sungrebe chicks are
694:chicks are said to be
466:
3689:Paleobiology Database
1159:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
909:Pungo River Formation
757:
721:
672:Behaviour and ecology
460:
452:the end of the Eocene
424:DNA-DNA Hybridization
292:, found from eastern
238:) is a small aquatic
1720:Focusing on Wildlife
1660:North American Birds
404:meaning "bird". The
361:Edme-Louis Daubenton
290:Heliopais personatus
281:' western shores to
1418:2015SciA....1E1005C
1371:(1378): 2077–2151.
778:Conservation status
647:Trinidad and Tobago
376:Planches Enluminées
285:, and the Asian or
263:Podica senegalensis
51:Conservation status
1574:Birds of Venezuela
1133:"Le grèbe-foulque"
804:rapid urbanization
796:agricultural usage
760:
724:
467:
400:meaning "sun" and
3784:
3783:
3769:Open Tree of Life
3676:Open Tree of Life
3437:Taxon identifiers
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3229:
3228:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2453:
1306:978-1-4081-2501-4
1242:978-0-9568611-1-5
922:Isthmus of Panama
904:was found in the
891:: Kleine Fuutkoet
691:incubation period
501:to the mainland.
430:to limpkins, the
387:Pierre Bonnaterre
269:from Sub-saharan
226:
225:
168:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3834:
3777:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3723:
3722:
3720:Heliornis-fulica
3710:
3709:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3658:
3657:
3645:
3644:
3632:
3631:
3619:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3567:
3566:
3554:
3553:
3541:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3504:
3502:097FAA36037C0D0D
3492:
3491:
3489:Heliornis_fulica
3479:
3478:
3477:
3475:Heliornis fulica
3464:
3463:
3462:
3445:Heliornis fulica
3432:
3366:
3336:
3240:
3131:
3105:
3095:
3050:
3033:
3023:
2978:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2911:
2901:
2891:
2881:
2871:
2861:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2821:
2811:
2800:
2790:
2780:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2740:
2723:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2683:
2673:
2663:
2653:
2636:
2628:
2533:
2518:
2505:
2492:
2442:
2431:
2421:
2397:
2367:
2357:
2340:
2317:
2305:
2294:
2283:
2270:
2244:
2221:
2211:
2159:
2154:
2127:
2084:Messelornithidae
2082:
2067:
2056:
2046:
2035:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1993:
1980:
1967:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1884:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1787:Tetrapod Zoology
1778:
1767:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1686:Heliornis fulica
1679:
1668:
1667:
1656:Heliornis fulica
1651:
1642:
1641:
1632:Heliornis fulica
1626:
1620:
1619:
1601:
1588:
1587:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1412:(11): e1501005.
1406:Science Advances
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1317:
1311:
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1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1219:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1185:Boddaert, Pieter
1181:
1175:
1174:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1067:
1061:Heliornis fulica
1057:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1030:
1019:
1013:Heliornis fulica
1009:
978:
977:
975:
973:
968:
945:Heliornis fulica
938:
902:Heliornis fulica
750:Food and feeding
689:unusually short
635:Amazon Watershed
597:
585:
573:
561:
543:
531:
519:
463:Heliornis fulica
406:specific epithet
283:Southeast Africa
235:Heliornis fulica
217:
199:
197:Heliornis fulica
163:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
18:Heliornis fulica
3842:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3772:
3767:
3759:
3754:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3732:Colymbus fulica
3726:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3663:Observation.org
3661:
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3526:
3521:
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3500:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3439:
3429:
3408:
3381:
3351:
3293:
3253:Aenigmatolimnas
3244:Himantornithini
3225:
3170:
3120:
3098:Miohypotaenidia
2956:
2844:Paraortygometra
2617:
2583:
2549:
2526:
2499:
2478:
2450:
2375:
2325:
2259:
2229:
2189:
2143:
2120:
2075:
1974:
1961:
1917:
1911:
1880:
1852:
1847:
1846:
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1806:
1798:
1794:
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1603:
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1399:
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1319:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1227:Dickinson, E.C.
1225:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1127:
1126:
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1086:
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1032:
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1010:
981:
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969:
940:
939:
935:
930:
898:
877:KaripĂşna Creole
871:Guianese Creole
813:
780:
752:
716:
679:
674:
658:San Luis PotosĂ
611:
601:
598:
589:
586:
577:
574:
565:
562:
547:
544:
535:
532:
523:
520:
507:
475:African finfoot
372:Colymbus fulica
365:Pieter Boddaert
339:in 1781 in his
333:
265:, found in the
259:African finfoot
208:
201:
195:
182:
162:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3840:
3838:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Heliornithidae
3799:
3789:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3765:
3752:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3711:
3698:
3685:
3672:
3659:
3646:
3633:
3620:
3607:
3594:
3581:
3568:
3555:
3542:
3532:
3519:
3506:
3493:
3480:
3465:
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3318:
3311:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3246:
3237:
3235:Porphyrioninae
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3137:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3046:
3039:
3036:Diaphorapteryx
3029:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2974:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2944:
2934:
2924:
2917:
2907:
2897:
2887:
2877:
2867:
2857:
2847:
2837:
2827:
2824:Palaeoaramides
2817:
2807:
2796:
2786:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2729:
2726:Fulicaletornis
2719:
2709:
2699:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2642:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2591:
2589:Heliornithidae
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2559:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2513:
2511:
2509:incertae sedis
2501:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2427:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2393:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2363:
2353:
2346:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2301:
2290:
2278:
2276:
2274:incertae sedis
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2247:Archaeopsophia
2239:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2163:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2087:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2063:
2052:
2042:
2031:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1988:
1986:
1984:incertae sedis
1976:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1909:
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1895:
1887:
1878:
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1871:
1865:
1859:
1851:
1850:External links
1848:
1845:
1844:
1804:
1792:
1768:
1753:
1731:
1704:
1669:
1643:
1621:
1589:
1583:978-0713664188
1582:
1561:
1534:(2): 515–529.
1518:
1507:(3): 732–736.
1484:
1449:
1392:
1351:
1331:978-0300049695
1330:
1312:
1305:
1281:
1248:
1241:
1197:
1176:
1142:
1120:
1098:
1068:
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929:
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897:
896:Fossil history
894:
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732:prepared skins
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479:DNA sequencing
416:Heliornithidae
332:
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287:masked finfoot
255:Heliornithidae
253:. The family
224:
223:
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218:
210:
209:
202:
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179:H. fulica
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3357:Porphyrionini
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3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
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3210:
3208:
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3200:
3199:Paragallinula
3196:
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3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3166:
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3159:
3158:Mustelirallus
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3108:Pleistorallus
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
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3064:
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3057:
3055:
3054:
3053:Erythromachus
3047:
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3037:
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3028:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3013:
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3003:
2999:
2997:
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2935:
2933:
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2925:
2923:
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2918:
2916:
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2914:Rhenanorallus
2908:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2896:
2895:
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2886:
2885:
2878:
2876:
2875:
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2710:
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2707:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2690:
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2686:Capellirallus
2680:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2648:
2647:
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2579:
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2573:
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2568:
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2558:
2556:
2555:Sarothruridae
2552:
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2541:
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2538:
2536:
2535:Aptornithidae
2529:
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2515:
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2498:
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2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:Palaeogeranos
2291:
2288:
2287:
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2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2262:
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2198:
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2098:
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2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:Megagallinula
2053:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1948:
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1936:
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1930:
1928:
1924:
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1709:
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1650:
1648:
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1640:. 2008-11-18.
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793:
792:Least Concern
789:
785:
777:
775:
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769:
764:
756:
749:
747:
744:
741:, a tropical
740:
735:
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720:
713:
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704:countershaded
701:
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692:
686:
684:
676:
671:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
648:
645:. Aside from
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
608:
606:
596:
591:
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560:
555:
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537:
530:
525:
518:
513:
511:
504:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:Asian finfoot
464:
459:
455:
453:
449:
448:Sarothruridae
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
407:
403:
399:
396:
395:Ancient Greek
392:
388:
384:
381:
377:
373:
370:
369:binomial name
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:French Guiana
346:
342:
338:
330:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
296:down through
295:
291:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
242:found in the
241:
237:
236:
231:
220:
216:
211:
206:
200:
198:
192:
189:
188:Binomial name
185:
181:
180:
175:
172:
171:
166:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
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133:
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129:
126:
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119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3731:
3444:
3401:
3394:
3374:
3367:
3344:
3337:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3144:Amaurolimnas
3142:
3135:Pardirallini
3126:Gallinulinae
3113:
3106:
3096:
3086:
3081:Hypotaenidia
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3041:
3034:
3024:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2981:Aphanapteryx
2979:
2969:
2949:
2939:
2929:
2919:
2912:
2902:
2894:Quercyrallus
2892:
2882:
2874:Pastushkinia
2872:
2862:
2852:
2842:
2834:Palaeorallus
2832:
2822:
2814:Nesophalaris
2812:
2801:
2791:
2781:
2771:
2761:
2751:
2741:
2731:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2646:Aptenorallus
2644:
2637:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2542:
2519:
2508:
2443:
2432:
2422:
2414:Leucogeranus
2412:
2405:
2398:
2388:
2368:
2358:
2348:
2341:
2331:Balearicinae
2318:
2309:Probalearica
2307:
2295:
2284:
2273:
2252:
2245:
2222:
2212:
2202:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:Parvigruidae
2136:
2115:Walbeckornis
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2068:
2057:
2047:
2036:
2025:
2017:Bumbaniralla
2015:
2005:
1994:
1983:
1943:Infraclass:
1879:
1838:
1795:
1786:
1748:The Guardian
1747:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1637:
1631:
1624:
1606:
1573:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1504:
1500:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1321:
1315:
1291:
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1267:
1231:
1221:
1214:
1200:
1189:
1179:
1170:
1145:
1136:
1123:
1114:
1092:
1088:
1060:
1038:. Retrieved
1012:
970:. Retrieved
956:
950:
944:
936:
901:
899:
781:
773:
765:
761:
736:
729:
725:
708:
687:
680:
651:
612:
604:
550:
508:
499:land bridges
468:
462:
413:
408:
401:
397:
391:type species
382:
375:
371:
356:
340:
334:
325:
306:
302:Wallace Line
289:
277:through the
262:
250:
248:
234:
233:
229:
227:
196:
194:
178:
177:
158:
157:
29:
3650:Neotropical
3585:iNaturalist
3469:Wikispecies
3308:Coturnicops
3299:Laterallini
3288:Poliolimnas
3274:Himantornis
3206:Porphyriops
3176:Gallinulini
3165:Pardirallus
3067:Gallirallus
3060:Eulabeornis
2988:Aramidopsis
2971:Anurolimnas
2864:Parvirallus
2803:Montirallus
2676:Belgirallus
2666:Baselrallus
2521:Nesotrochis
2473:See below ↓
2360:Eobalearica
2286:Eobalearica
2214:Badistornis
2184:Rupelrallus
2101:Messelornis
2094:Itardiornis
2070:Orthocnemus
1701:(2): 52–55.
1695:BoletĂn SAO
1630:"Sungrebe (
1260:Gill, Frank
1089:Living Bird
972:13 November
906:Mid-Miocene
873:: Souroukou
811:Local Names
786:(2009) the
743:wading bird
505:Description
428:sister taxa
422:, based on
367:coined the
311:to that of
279:Great Lakes
275:Congo Basin
271:West Africa
267:Afrotropics
3791:Categories
3747:Q109557011
3715:Xeno-canto
3387:Zaporniini
3369:Aphanocrex
3346:Rufirallus
3329:Micropygia
3322:Laterallus
3315:Hapalocrex
3260:Amaurornis
3043:Dryolimnas
3002:Canirallus
2951:Youngornis
2931:Vitirallus
2884:Priscaweka
2854:Pararallus
2773:Litorallus
2733:Habroptila
2716:Euryonotus
2696:Creccoides
2656:Australlus
2578:Sarothrura
2434:Patagogrus
2424:Palaeogrus
2370:Geranopsis
2235:Psophiidae
2129:Songziidae
2007:Bumbanipes
1972:Gruiformes
1957:Gruiformes
1945:Neognathae
1915:Gruiformes
1913:Genera of
1725:2018-12-05
1513:10088/1556
1465:: 96–108.
1059:Sungrebe (
928:References
867:: Watra-en
829:Portuguese
683:wet season
662:Tamaulipas
641:, and the
623:Canal Zone
495:Neotropics
444:flufftails
309:convergent
294:Indomalaya
222:Range map
165:Bonnaterre
138:Gruiformes
3376:Porphyrio
3267:Gallicrex
3192:Gallinula
3074:Gymnocrex
3009:Crecopsis
2941:Wanshuina
2921:Rougetius
2904:Rallicrex
2793:Miorallus
2783:Miofulica
2753:Ibidopsis
2639:Aletornis
2605:Heliornis
2598:Heliopais
2571:Rallicula
2564:Mentocrex
2350:Balearica
2343:Aramornis
2320:Protogrus
2224:Papulavis
2177:Parvigrus
2108:Pellornis
2049:Ludiortyx
2038:Loncornis
2027:Gnotornis
1996:Aminornis
1925:Kingdom:
1548:1055-7903
1340:cite book
1222:livraison
1191:enluminés
1040:2 January
847:Emerillon
700:altricial
696:precocial
619:Caribbean
491:Australia
465:in green.
383:Heliornis
298:Sundaland
251:Heliornis
173:Species:
159:Heliornis
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
35:Sungrebe
3741:Wikidata
3629:22692192
3603:11270940
3515:22692192
3510:BirdLife
3460:Q1086846
3454:Wikidata
3403:Zapornia
3281:Megacrex
3220:Tribonyx
3151:Aramides
2962:Rallinae
2763:Latipons
2743:Hovacrex
2623:Rallidae
2544:Aptornis
2445:Pliogrus
2390:Antigone
2195:Aramidae
2170:Alhuenia
1933:Chordata
1931:Phylum:
1927:Animalia
1556:17419074
1479:25255711
1444:26824065
1212:(1823).
1187:(1783).
1131:(1781).
1095:: 79–88.
924:formed.
918:Beringia
879:: Dondon
861:: Oranih
855:: Yawiwa
677:Breeding
654:Veracruz
639:Pantanal
487:Laurasia
483:Gondwana
440:Rallidae
432:Aramidae
331:Taxonomy
273:and the
240:gruiform
230:sungrebe
205:Boddaert
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
3774:6138324
3761:8234864
3655:sungre1
3577:2474343
3564:sungre1
3538:sungre1
3497:Avibase
3396:Rallina
3213:Porzana
3088:Lewinia
3026:Crexica
2995:Cabalus
2400:Camusia
2381:Gruinae
2265:Gruidae
2254:Psophia
2138:Songzia
1955:Order:
1951:Neoaves
1949:Clade:
1937:Class:
1839:Avibase
1435:4730849
1414:Bibcode
1386:1692427
1299:, 188.
1274:18 July
853:Makushi
841:Wayampi
837:: Ypeky
835:Guarani
823:Spanish
817:English
768:migrate
739:Jacanas
631:Orinoco
436:Gruidae
355:in the
345:Cayenne
321:Anhinga
300:to the
207:, 1783)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
3707:422599
3694:400264
3681:440618
3616:176401
3528:113544
3339:Mundia
3185:Fulica
3115:Rallus
2706:Eocrex
2612:Podica
2204:Aramus
1666:: 4–9.
1580:
1554:
1546:
1477:
1442:
1432:
1383:
1328:
1303:
1239:
883:French
865:Sranan
849:: Pẽki
843:: Pẽkĩ
637:, the
627:Darien
546:Female
409:fulica
402:ornis
398:hēlios
313:grebes
167:, 1791
3702:WoRMS
3668:72727
3642:54369
3598:IRMNG
3559:eBird
3551:3KC3J
3535:BOW:
2497:Ralli
2464:Ralli
1691:(PDF)
889:Dutch
859:Warao
714:Pouch
380:genus
317:coots
3756:GBIF
3637:NCBI
3624:IUCN
3611:ITIS
3572:GBIF
3523:BOLD
3016:Crex
2407:Grus
2149:Grui
1939:Aves
1578:ISBN
1552:PMID
1544:ISSN
1475:PMID
1440:PMID
1346:link
1326:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1276:2019
1237:ISBN
1042:2017
974:2021
957:2020
798:and
788:IUNC
633:and
625:and
617:and
615:Gulf
588:Male
228:The
128:Aves
3546:CoL
3484:ADW
1612:doi
1536:doi
1509:hdl
1505:116
1467:doi
1430:PMC
1422:doi
1381:PMC
1373:doi
1369:353
1297:165
961:doi
315:or
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