3031:(organization or person that sponsored the work); an edition may have a printer's name in larger type than the publisher, but for citation purposes we care about the publisher. If the distinction cannot be determined for certain in a particular case, list both. While some off-site publishers lean toward omitting publishing locations, they can serve more than purely bibliographical purposes on Knowledge (XXG) (e.g. an overabundance of material published in one place in an article about another place may reveal an editorial bias).
4268:. To make rendered cs1|2 citations that link to PDF documents somewhat more accessible, cs1|2 automatically adds a parenthetical PDF annotation so that those readers using screen-reader technology can know the type of the linked file. This is imperfect because some on-line sources redirect .pdf URLs to .html landing pages (this is common for PDF documents behind paywalls or registration barriers). Because the parenthetical PDF annotation happens automatically, editors are not required to set
4235:: Format of the document at its URL (e.g., PDF, XLS, etc.). Do not specify for HTML as it is implied as the default. Do not use this parameter for completely different purposes, with annotations such as "fee required" or "reprint"; its intent is to notify readers what the file format is (e.g. in case some browsers might have trouble with it, or some might prefer to save the link to disk rather than open it in the browser). Access restrictions can be shown using the appropriate
2259:, etc.; use either standard title case or sentence case consistently. If the cited source is itself notable and has a Knowledge (XXG) article, the title can be wikilinked. Wikilinking the title will make it impossible to use the "url" parameter to link to an external copy of the cited source, so only do this when citing works that do not need to be externally linked. A link to the actual source is preferred to a link to a Knowledge (XXG) article about the source.
5862:
5718:
110:
2746:, which is for the publishing company. If the work is notable and has an article in Knowledge (XXG), it should be wiki-linked at first appearance in citations in the article. If the "title" is already linked-to externally, do not externally link to the "work". If the work title as given by the site/publication would be exactly or substantially the same as the name of the publisher, do not use the "publisher" parameter (see below for more detail).
7632:"Some numbered series have gone on so long that, as with certain long-lived journals, numbering has started over again, preceded by n.s. (new series), 2nd ser. (second series), or some similar notation, usually enclosed in commas. (A change of publisher may also be the occasion for a change in series designation.) Books in the old series may be identified by o.s., 1st ser., or whatever complements the notation for the new series."
5853:
5707:
5871:
5729:
2830:, and most off-Knowledge (XXG) citation guides, suggest that it should be used for books (even famous ones), but not necessarily other works. The "publisher" parameter should not be included for widely-known mainstream news sources, for major academic journals, or where it would be the same or mostly the same as the work. For example, the "publisher" parameter should be omitted in these examples:
5669:. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to
2822:
here. They are usually safe to omit, but are usefully included where the publisher's name might be confusing without it. This is most often the case when the publisher's name is something like "Joshua Martin
Publications", which without the designation might be mistaken for a co-author/editor. A leading "The" can generally be omitted, again unless confusion might result (e.g., for
24:
6075:
5688:
3037:: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if date or year are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
2826:, "The" is part of their official acronym, TICA). If the publisher is notable and has an article independent of the "work", the "publisher" parameter can include a wiki-link to that article, but should never externally link to the publisher's website. Whether the publisher needs to be included depends to an extent on the type of work and sometimes on its recognizability.
2763:). If no clear title can be identified, or the title explicitly is the domain name, then use the site's domain name. Do not falsify the work's name by adding descriptive verbiage like "Website of " or "'s Homepage". Capitalize for reading clarity, and omit "www.", e.g. convert "www.veterinaryresourcesuk.com" to "VeterinaryResourcesUK.com".
87:
3965:: place in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text when a page number is not given, is inappropriate or is insufficient. Common examples include column or col., paragraph or para. and section or sec. Depending on the source being cited, other indicators may be appropriate to use with the
1594:, they are capitalized when used as dates in CS1 templates, and the capitalization of the season stated by the source may be altered to follow this convention. In cases where the date as expressed in the source is not compatible with the template software, the citation should be created without using a template.
7622:
can be used, even if this would resolve to an independent external site. In the absence of a local article such links can help to at least establish a connection to a particular author and, if an article gets created in the
English Knowledge (XXG) as well in the future, these links can be fixed up by
5805:
are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read,
2779:
If the titled item being cited is part of some other larger work, as in a book in a series, a special issue of a periodical, or a sub-site at a domain (e.g., you are citing the law school's section of a university's website system), it is usually better to use the name of that more specific work than
2327:
are wrapped in special HTML markup to isolate RTL script from adjacent left-to-right text. Part of that special markup is a language attribute that browsers can use to assist in the proper display of the script. Editors must add a prefix to the script that will identify the language. The prefix is
2277:
are wrapped in special HTML markup to isolate RTL script from adjacent left-to-right text. Part of that special markup is a language attribute that browsers can use to assist in the proper display of the script. Editors must add a prefix to the script that will identify the language. The prefix is
6877:
Identifiers are checked for validity to the extent possible. In rare cases, identifiers actually used in published works deviate from the checked standard format but are nonetheless valid. If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier instead of
5068:
Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information –
2821:
and other publishers). "Publisher", "Publishing" and "Publications" can be abbreviated "Pubr.", "Pubg." and "Pubs." respectively, but some templates in this series include a period (full-stop) immediately after this parameter, so the period may have to be omitted; check the output if you abbreviate
2246:
unless the cited source covers a scientific, legal or other technical topic and sentence case is the predominant style in journals on that topic. Use either title case or sentence case consistently throughout the article. Do not omit a leading "The" from the title. Subtitles are typically separated
6027:
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation.
4130:
displays as: Revised third ed. The edition parameter can be omitted if there is no content difference between two editions of the same work; e.g. if a book was identically published in the UK and the US except, for example, ISBN number and cover art, it is not necessary to indicate either "UK" or
1589:
Prescriptions about date formats apply only when the date is expressed in terms of Julian or
Gregorian dates, or when the date contains one of the seasons (spring, summer, autumn or fall, winter). Sources are at liberty to use other ways of expressing dates, such as "spring/summer" or a date in a
4276:
parameter may be deleted as part of a more substantial edit but editors should consider that many cs1|2 templates are copied from en.Knowledge (XXG) to other-language
Wikipedias when articles here are translated to that other language. Do not assume that other-language Wikipedias use up-to-date
6926:
Spaces are inserted between commas and succeeding characters in comma-separated lists of issues, a hyphen is converted to an ndash in issue ranges, etc. A hyphenated issue number and an issue range cannot be distinguished, nor can a four-or-more-digit number with a thousands-separator from a
5512:
In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers
2654:. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of
6948:
Spaces are inserted between commas and succeeding characters in comma-separated lists of volumes, a hyphen is converted to an ndash in volume ranges, etc. A hyphenated volume and an volume range cannot be distinguished, nor can a four-or-more-digit volume with a thousands-separator from a
6961:
Spaces are inserted between commas and succeeding characters in comma-separated lists of pages, a hyphen is converted to an ndash in page ranges, etc. A hyphenated page number and a page range cannot be distinguished, nor can a four-or-more-digit number with a thousands-separator from a
3047:
the publisher). "via" is not a replacement for "publisher", but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original, or when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, or as suggested in
1282:
This HTML comment alerts fact-checking and citation-fixing editors, and potentially bots, that the cited source did not name an author—the author was not overlooked. Without this entry editors and bots would waste time researching cited sources for a non-existent author credit.
4551:
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
4580:
is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but should be used for links to news articles on commercial websites (these can change from time to time, even if they are also published in a physical medium). Note that
1145:
referring to this author's number in the list). Because the shorthand parameters might erroneously have been used also for editors and other types of contributors by some
Wikipedians in the past, please make sure that the parameters actually refer to authors when expanding
2902:
to explicitly indicate that this was checked, so other editors do not waste time duplicating your fruitless efforts. Do not guess at the publisher when this information is not clear. See next entry for co-published works and how to specify multiple publishers and their
2813:: the name of the organization that actually published the source. The field should not include the corporate designation such as "Ltd" or "Inc.", unless some ambiguity would result or the organization is usually known with that designation even in everyday use (e.g.
3847:
of the following parameters in a given citation to refer to the specific page(s) or place in a cited source that contains the information that supports the article text. If more than one of the following parameters are used in the same citation, the error message
4729:
The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.
6615:
will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as
257:
Indicates that the corresponding tool or gadget can generate the template anytime user wishes. However, this does not mean that the tool or gadget fully supports all parameters or provides an interface for them. In fact, none of the mentioned items do so.
6524:); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use
1913:
If dates are used, the year range is 100 to present without era indication (AD, BC, CE, BCE). In the case where the same author has written more than one work in the same year, a lower-case letter may be appended to the year in the date parameter
4155:: For a source published in several volumes. This field is displayed in bold after the title and series parameters. An alternative is to include the volume information in the title parameter after the main title. Separate volume ranges with an
6798:
parameters (including their enumerated variants) are checked for extra comma and semicolon separator characters, which may indicate that the parameter is holding more than one name. If so, the list of names should be split up over multiple
3094:{{Cite dictionary |entry=skeptic |entry-url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/skeptic?s=t#collins-section |title=] |edition=Complete & Unabridged Digital |date=2012 |location=London |publisher=] |via=] |access-date=19 September 2024}}
6759:
emits error or maintenance messages because of, or makes changes to, the values assigned to a select set of parameters. Special markup can be used to enforce that a value will nonetheless be accepted as written. The markup for this is
5073:. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without
2742:), and others where the citation is usually to a specific item (given in the "title" parameter) found in a larger work (this "work" parameter), most commonly an article in a website or print periodical, or an episode in a TV series.
4197:
depending on what nomenclature is actually used in a publication. If a publication carries both, issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example
4131:"US" edition; or if citing minute:seconds of a film available in both a regular edition and a "Special Limited Collector's Edition", if the running time and cut are the same, it is not necessary to cite the particular edition.
2346:: If the cited source is in a foreign language, an English translation of the cited chapter title can be given here. This field will be displayed in square brackets within the quotation marks that enclose the chapter field.
6687:
Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example,
139:
that can be modified to create different styles for different referenced materials. Its purpose is to provide a set of default formats for references on
Knowledge (XXG). It includes a series of templates that in turn use
5077:
additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:
2889:
in such a case, but some printed style guides suggest "author", while many
Knowledge (XXG) editors have used "self-published" for increased clarity. When an exhaustive attempt to discover the name of the publisher (try
2094:
Example: to have the CS1/CS2 templates in an article render their publication dates in the long form (fully spelled-out month names) with access-/archive-dates rendered in short form (abbreviated month names), write:
4126:: Identifies the particular edition of a cited source when the source has more than one edition, such as "2nd", "Revised", etc. Note that this parameter automatically displays " ed." after your entry. For example,
2959:. The location parameter should be used when the location is part of a common appellation of but not the actual title of a periodical. For example, the newspaper formerly known as and sometimes still called the
211:; many were developed independently of CS1 and are not compliant with the CS1 style. There are also a number of templates that use one of the general use templates as a meta-template to cite a specific source.
6167:
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
5069:
usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use
178:
If the article you are editing is already using a particular citation style, you should follow it; if you believe it is inappropriate for the needs of the article, seek consensus for a change on the talk
6743:('and others'). It is used to complete a list of authors of a published work, where the complete list is considered overly long. The abbreviation is widely used in English, thus it is not italicized per
2801:. If the nature of the work and its relation to the site, book, or other context in which it is found is complicated or confusing, simply explain the situation after the citation template and before the
1480:: This parameter is used to credit contributors other than an author or an editor, such as an illustrator. You should include both the type of contribution and the name of the contributor, for example
3969:
parameter including, but not limited to, track, hours, minutes and seconds, act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, etc. Examples include
6295:: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If
6317:: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in
95:
This is an introductory how-to for
Knowledge (XXG)'s most frequently used citation style. It does not cover every option of every citation template. See individual templates' documentation (e.g. at
6803:-enumerated parameters. Corporate names, however, are sometimes comma-separated lists of names as well and so are erroneously flagged as a multiple-name error; markup can be used to indicate this.
6028:
When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as
2601:
will show "(Press release)" by default. Other useful values are: Review, Systemic review, Report, Abstract, Meta-analysis, Original article, Oral history, Email, Website, Text, Document. Alias:
195:
7076:
as being redundant. There are cases where trailing dots are not redundant but are part of the title proper so should be retained. The parameter may also accept a number of special keywords (
9057:
2296:: If the cited source is in a foreign language, an English translation of the title can be given here. This field will be displayed in square brackets after the title and will be linked to
6720:
empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.
2306:: The title of the cited chapter from the source, written in full. Displayed in quotes before the title. For websites arranged in sections the "at" parameter serves a similar function:
1301:
organizational citation when the cited source, such as a committee report, specifically names an official body or a sub-unit of the publisher as the collective author of the work, e.g.
1233:{{cite book |author-last1=Hawking |author-first1=Stephen |author-link1=Stephen Hawking |author-last2=Hawking |author-first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe |date=2007}}
2776:) because specialists in the field the journal covers usually already know what these abbreviations mean. Our readers usually do not, so these abbreviations should always be expanded.
2755:
of the homepage, which may appear as the page title in your browser tab, depending on browser). Do not append ".com" or the like if the site's actual title does not include it (thus
7999:
7994:
2772:
8745:
2658:. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g.
6358:. These styles use in-text cites with a link that will jump to the ID created by the CS1 template. The ID is created from up to four author last names and the year, of the format
4171:
is used when you are citing both non-contiguous and sequential volumes. For volume numbers higher than 999, either do not use thousands separators or enclose the volume number in
4299:
Links to sources are regarded as conveniences and are not required, except when citing Web-only sources. There are many digital libraries with works that may be used as sources.
1523:
2939:
for much of their lives. If in doubt, be more not less specific, since "Toronto, Canada" and "San
Francisco, California" do not actually hurt anything. Be more specific when a
7827:
3023:, etc., parameters. For historical publications that are still worth citing and still findable (e.g. via book digitizers – see the "via" parameter below), do not confuse the
8607:
7989:
968:
3935:
is used when you are citing both non-contiguous and sequential pages. For page numbers higher than 999, either do not use thousands separators or enclose the page number in
1209:{{cite book |author-last1=Hawking |author-first1=Stephen |author-link1=Stephen Hawking |author-last2=Hawking |author-first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe}}
159:. Editors may choose any option they want; one article need not match what is done in other articles or what is done in professional publications or recommended by academic
7716:
7102:) taking precedence over free text input to specify a link target; if a value also matching a keyword is meant as actual link target, markup can be used to indicate this.
4327:
Very short extracts such as Google Books snippet view where there is not enough context to verify the content, unless the entire work is also freely available there. (See
2651:
7784:
7640:, was numbered volumes 1–35 from 1893 to 1912 (the first series). From 1913 to 1969, the volume numbering restarted at 1 and went up to 188 (the second series). In 1970,
7080:, etc.) taking precedence over free text input to specify a title; if a value also matching a keyword is meant as actual title text, markup can be used to indicate this.
4072:
is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use
8671:
1755:; the specific, modern, published edition read by the editor is what goes in the source citation. Thus, the date of the source actually consulted should be provided in
8060:
5186:
2238:, where the title is shown in quotation marks. For templates like these that show the title in quotation marks, any double quotation marks inside the title should be
2996:, provide the location of the edition you are using (e.g., if a publisher has operations in both New York and London and you have the London-published edition, use
6597:
to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with
5713:: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
4650:
are required, else an error will show. When an archived link is used, the citation displays with the title linked to the archive and the original link at the end:
5311:
4585:
is the date that the URL was checked to not just be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be
2265:: Languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet, Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc., should not be italicized and may also read
1895:
1883:
1871:
1858:
1846:
1809:
1781:
1768:
1743:
1733:
1723:
1689:
1677:
1648:
1630:
1614:
4206:: – , and non-sequential numbers either with commas or semicolons. For numbers higher than 999, either do not use thousands separators or enclose the number in
5134:
additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:
8859:
9463:
8843:
7535:
If the
English Knowledge (XXG) does not have an article about the author, but an article is available in another language entity of Knowledge (XXG) or if a
6632:
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.
284:
9077:
9062:
7839:
7325:
If an argument is set to "required" the argument will be added to all templates edited by IABot. This including adding empty arguments. For example, when
5810:. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add
1101:
For symmetry with similar parameters for editors and other contributors (discussed further below), longer parameter forms are also available for authors:
967:
There are a number of templates that are CS1 compliant, because they use a CS1 template as a base, but are tied to a specific source; these are listed in
8182:
8045:
7913:
116:
9112:
9047:
7817:
1625:. For various reasons, CS1 is not fully compliant with MOS:DATEFORMAT. This table indicates CS1 compliance with the listed sections of MOS:DATEFORMAT.
9520:
5551:). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
2615:, where typical values are: Motion picture, Moving image, Television production, Videotape, DVD, Blu-ray, Trailer, CD, Radio broadcast, Podcast, Sound.
248:
The following is a list of templates that implement Citation Style 1 for one or more types of citations but are not restricted to any specific source.
2591:: Specifies the type of work cited. Appears in parentheses immediately after the title. Some templates use a default that can be overridden; example:
8922:
8909:
5745:
As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
9369:
266:
Indicates that the corresponding tool or gadget may or may not generate the corresponding template. For more information, see associated footnote.
1313:
to assert what you think was probably the collective author when the source itself does not specifically specify a collective author; doing so is
9127:
9102:
8937:
8004:
3000:, even if the publisher's corporate HQ is in New York). If your edition specifically gives multiple locations, this can be indicated with, e.g.,
9445:
9291:
9067:
9052:
7146:
Not all factually accurate pieces of information about a source are used in a Citation Style 1 citation. Examples of information not included:
6241:
1204:
cannot be used to link to an external website; the external link will not render correctly. Below is an example of a wikilinked author credit:
9533:
9138:
8833:
8149:
7777:
979:
CS1 uses a series of templates that provide a consistent output. The main difference is in parameters optimized for the subject. For example,
8626:
4775:
2655:
2340:. Unrecognized codes are ignored and will display in the rendered citation. This field will be displayed following the transliterated title.
9488:
8952:
8927:
8664:
4098:
If the same source is reused with different pages, separate citations must be created. A way around this problem is to use a short citation
3053:
2751:
On websites, in most cases "work" is the name of the website (as usually given in the logo/banner area of the site, and/or appearing in the
1500:: Date of publication edition being referenced, in the same format as other dates in citations in the same article. Must not be wikilinked.
8813:
8131:
8050:
5145:
4992:
3049:
1161:
If a cited source has a large number of authors, one can limit the number of authors displayed when the citation is published by using the
9434:
9227:
9092:
9026:
8995:
8808:
8764:
7188:
6962:
comma-separated list of two or more pages. Markup can be applied to the entry as a whole or to individual list entries; does not apply to
40:
9558:
8602:
7875:
7281:
5119:
2315:: Languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet, Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc., may possibly read
1401:
If a cited source has a large number of editors, one can limit the number of editors displayed when the citation is published using the
4137:: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted. For journal series,
2350:
Titles containing certain characters will both display and link incorrectly unless those characters are replaced or encoded like this:
8733:
7918:
7750:
5224:
5130:
or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without
5049:
9107:
9082:
7227:– generates shortened footnote or named reference for a given Google Books URL, ISBN, or DOI. Also supports some major news websites.
1417:
A translator may be cited using separate parameters for the translator's last and first name. A single or first translator would use
9307:
7275:
6275:
6256:
6225:
2823:
1582:
9458:
9097:
9087:
9072:
7812:
7770:
2931:
topics), Paris, Tokyo. Simply having a unique name does not mean it is globally recognizable; e.g., many people do not know where
9173:
8055:
7710:
5638:
5588:
are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for
4586:
1294:, unless the article is on a field in which the majority of professional journals covering that field use such a citation style.
8657:
8009:
6339:: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
5449:
9483:
9005:
8942:
8822:
8818:
7923:
4463:
9158:
9153:
8175:
7984:
7971:
3060:. Typical uses of this parameter are identification of a book-scanning and -databasing project such as those provided by the
1002:
This help page uses the names most commonly used across the templates series; see each template's documentation for details.
9143:
8828:
7961:
7865:
289:
32:
7908:
6439:{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |first2=George A. |last2=Reisch |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |date=2006}}
5665:
Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Knowledge (XXG) as documented in
4685:
4652:
1272:
If the cited source does not credit an author, as is common with newswire reports, press releases or company websites use:
7903:
6949:
comma-separated list of two or more volumes. Markup can be applied to the entry as a whole or to individual list entries.
6355:
1347:
An editor may be cited using separate parameters for the editor's last and first name. A single or first editor would use
9493:
8947:
7822:
6927:
comma-separated list of two or more issues. Markup can be applied to the entry as a whole or to individual list entries.
4786:. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example
2993:
1228:
When an author is cited, the date of the cited work is displayed after the author's name, as shown in the example below:
8550:
6508:: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For
4348:
3210:
371:
9553:
9468:
9122:
9036:
7951:
7938:
7870:
7855:
6692:
will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors).
3907:. This will not only properly display a hyphen, but also reduce the likelihood that an editor/bot will convert this to
1804:
does not support YYYY–YY where the two-digit year is less than 13 (change to YYYY–YYYY to eliminate the error message)
184:
8364:
7134:
When viewing the page, CS1 templates render the URL to the title to create a link; when printing, the URL is printed.
3637:
2595:
2185:
731:
189:
8973:
8964:
8791:
8728:
8721:
7885:
7834:
5620:
4634:
is added with a link to an archived copy of a web page, usually from services like WebCite and the Internet Archive.
4294:
4290:
2827:
1752:
294:
133:
5099:– if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher.
3957:
CS1 citations do not record the total number of pages in a cited source; do not use this parameter for that purpose.
3919:: pages in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text. Separate page ranges with an
2255:
attempt to emulate any stylistic flourishes used by the cited source's publisher, such as ALL-CAPS, all-lower-case,
9302:
8640:
8308:
8252:
7605:
is defined for another authority control repository, this can be used as well. For example, to link to an author's
7284:
highlights inconsistent (CS1 vs CS2) citation styles used in the same article. Only works with templated citations.
7203:
provides a graphical interface for editing, adding, and citing references. It may be enabled per the documentation.
4358:
3481:
3366:
2780:
just that of the entire larger work. Various citation templates provide separate fields for such information, e.g.
1085:{{cite book |last1=Hawking |first1=Stephen |last2=Hawking |first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe}}
593:
455:
7807:
7793:
7184:
4693:
When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting
4340:
Links should be kept as simple as possible. For example, when performing a search for a Google Book, the link for
4307:
4185:. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g.
2927:. The city name by itself can be used for world-recognized cities like New York, London (except in articles about
8420:
8168:
4947:
3775:
864:
304:
9414:
9015:
8801:
8740:
7307:
7233:
4995:
for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a
4709:
are still required). When the original URL is still 'live' but no longer supports the text in an article, set
4630:
The original link may become unavailable. When an archived version is located, the original URL is retained and
1172:
If a cited author is notable and the author has a Knowledge (XXG) article, the author's name can be linked with
8224:
7956:
7548:
7540:
7448:
will break the link; this field is for the name of the Knowledge (XXG) article about the author, not a website.
7294:
7135:
6617:
3337:
3305:
2225:
428:
9498:
8854:
3886:. To resolve the error, remove extra parameters of this type until only one remains in the affected citation.
6768:, i.e., wrap the entire parameter value in two sets of parentheses. Parameters that support this markup are:
1056:
respectively. If a cited source has multiple authors, subsequent authors can be listed in the citation using
9424:
9354:
9318:
9313:
9279:
9262:
8969:
8495:
8350:
8266:
7318:
4390:
A direct link to a specific page may be used if supported by the host. For example, the link to page 172 of
3591:
3412:
3279:
1331:
should never hold the name of more than one author. Separate individual authors into enumerated individual
676:
509:
7194:
7180:
109:
9399:
8539:
8294:
8238:
7552:
6279:
3458:
3187:
2718:
2630:: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the
2609:
2209:
2101:
1960:
1952:
1710:
1702:
566:
343:
9473:
8959:
8932:
8700:
7245:
7197:
is part of the editing tool bar. Version 2.0 does not yet support all templates supported by version 1.0.
6351:
4328:
3866:
will display in the published citation. When more than one of the following parameters is used in error,
2164:: CS1/CS2 auto-date formatting does not apply when previewing an article section that does not contain a
148:
44:
9374:
8572:
8561:
8506:
8484:
8280:
8025:
7898:
7660:, where volumes again restarted at 1 (the third series). Since there are two publications identified as
7493:
7241:
6267:. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format
5574:
4669:: To change the order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end, set
3614:
3435:
3389:
3233:
2732:
2233:
2201:
1934:
993:
702:
535:
482:
96:
9478:
9450:
9039:
8694:
7342:
5754:
4603:
4466:
contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be
54:
4064:. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by
1444:
If a translator has a Knowledge (XXG) article, you may wikilink to that Knowledge (XXG) article using
9389:
8984:
8884:
8583:
8434:
8406:
8378:
5418:
5400:
5250:
5089:
3798:
3729:
3683:
3660:
1776:
Julian prior to 1582; Gregorian from 1582; assumes Gregorian in the overlap period of 1582 – c. 1923
890:
838:
785:
758:
9252:
8796:
5772:
5666:
4368:
2878:
2677:
299:
171:
9274:
8473:
8030:
7517:
The number of authors that can be listed in the citation and displayed when published is unlimited.
7169:
7114:
Markup to suppress error messages and automatic Vancouver reformatting of allowed corporate names.
6756:
4937:
3164:
2182:: The title of the cited source. Titles are displayed in italics, except for short works such as a
1622:
1374:
If an editor has a Knowledge (XXG) article, you may wikilink to that Knowledge (XXG) article using
314:
219:
141:
4764:(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases:
3893:: page in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text, for example
1591:
1154:
parameters to their longer equivalents (equivalent parameters for editors etc. exist as well, see
1048:
An author may be cited using separate parameters for the author's surname and given name by using
9205:
8899:
8874:
8517:
8392:
8336:
8210:
8079:
8040:
5653:
4257:
3752:
3706:
3568:
3256:
2988:
2796:
2704:
2193:
983:
811:
645:
397:
9508:
8780:
7691:
could be referring to, there is no need to clarify to which numbering series the journal belong.
7249:
6304:
6251:
The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear
5227:. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example
9212:
9200:
9000:
8894:
8448:
8322:
8112:
7860:
7747:
7704:
7591:
6245:
5634:
5580:, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when
5487:
4718:
3821:
3539:
3507:
3141:
3072:; journal indexing and search services through which we commonly find academic articles, e.g.
3065:
2690:
2217:
918:
619:
9503:
7209:
Adds references to templates while updating/filling-in title/dates/publisher/accessdates etc.
6516:); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For
5059:
2955:. The location parameter should be omitted when it is implied by the name of the work, e.g.
1670:
shortened month names longer than three characters or with terminating periods not supported;
1456:, etc. to wikilink to each translator's Knowledge (XXG) article. This method is used because
9384:
9349:
9168:
8101:
8035:
7928:
6623:
6501:
These features are not often used, but can customize the display for use with other styles.
5861:
5717:
5650:
5467:
4638:
must be added to show the date the page was archived, not the date the link was added. When
4318:
Sites that do not have permission to republish the work or that otherwise violate copyright.
3061:
2965:
1828:
8716:
6415:{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |date=2006}}
4572:; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the article's citations. It is
1314:
9298:
9247:
9241:
9195:
8914:
8879:
8752:
8090:
7699:
7680:
7636:
7539:
node for this author exists already, you can prefix the link using that Knowledge (XXG)'s
7498:
7266:
7200:
6807:
6466:
6383:
5735:: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("
5333:
4467:
4084:
4027:
3860:
2928:
2078:
1240:
1216:
39:
It explains concepts or processes used by the Knowledge (XXG) community. It is not one of
9331:
4398:
2882:
1668:
proper name dates not supported with the exception of 'Easter YYYY' and 'Christmas YYYY';
1386:, etc. to wikilink to each editor's Knowledge (XXG) article. This method is used because
1322:
1252:
If no author is cited, the date appears after the title, as shown in the example below:
955:
Citation expander will only attempt to tidy up the citation and will not add new content
9364:
9286:
9257:
9222:
8889:
8864:
8757:
8680:
7946:
6221:
5619:) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a
5329:
4243:. Other notes about reprintings, etc., should be placed after the template, and before
3085:
3073:
1866:
CS1 capitalizes seasons used as dates in citations, in line with external style guides
1820:
1618:
7384:
field includes a newline or an invalid character then the link will be malformed; see
7297:
color codes URLs and DOIs in gray/red/pink/yellow depending on their broad reliability
5670:
1318:
9547:
9409:
9344:
9339:
9269:
9148:
9010:
8869:
8846:
7030:
6486:
6450:
6426:
5275:
5031:
4907:
4349:
https://books.google.com/books?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
2818:
2316:
2266:
1601:
136:
7602:
7314:
and bots. Before making changes to the TemplateData be aware of these interactions.
7153:
The name of the library that provided access to an electronic copy of a cited source
5951:
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
5637:, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an
2919:
where you found your copy, nor location of material in the source). This is usually
9394:
9359:
9232:
9190:
9180:
7979:
7311:
7256:
7020:
7010:
5645:
will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as
5293:
4101:
3069:
2952:
1965:
template. Editors may also choose how CS1/CS2 templates render dates by the use of
1661:
1527:
7252:. It does not warn when a long citation has been added but not a short one (using
6388:
template may be used here to create an ID for the Harv- and sfn-family templates.
2065:
abbreviated publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd)
5724:: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required
4679:
4658:
4455:
may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.
1919:
1915:
9328:
8769:
8141:
7000:
6744:
5268:
4568:
was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires
4359:
https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
4163:. Separate non-sequential volumes either with commas or semicolons, for example
4109:
2407:
Language codes known to cs1|2 for languages that do not use a Latin script are:
2148:
This global setting may be overridden in individual CS1/CS2 templates by use of
2038:
long-form publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd)
1581:
Acceptable date formats are shown in the "Acceptable date formats" table of the
1539:: Original publication date or year, for display (in square brackets) after the
1507:: Year of publication edition being referenced. Do not use in combination with
160:
156:
1600:
Access and archive dates in references should be in either the format used for
1590:
religious calendar; editors should report the date as expressed by the source.
9404:
9217:
7580:
7568:
7427:
7401:
6990:
6696:
is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al.
6232:
part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under
4420:
4181:: When the source is part of a series that is published periodically. Alias:
3927:. Separate non-sequential pages either with commas or semicolons, for example
2814:
2118:{{cite web |title=Example Webpage |date=31 October 2017 |website=Example |url=
1292:{{cite news |work=Weekday Times |author=''Weekday Times'' editors |title=...}}
766:
reports by government departments, instrumentalities, operated companies, etc.
7601:), followed by the corresponding article name.) Alternatively, if a suitable
3084:; and other aggregators or indexers of previously-published content, such as
2766:
Many journals use highly abbreviated titles when citing other journals (e.g.
9379:
9237:
9185:
7278:
is very similar, but also contains additional warnings for potential issues.
5034:
identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example
4929:
4919:
4378:
3011:; just get them in corresponding order in both parameters. The templates do
2982:
2290:. Unrecognized codes are ignored and will display in the rendered citation.
2113:
at the top of this section so this cs1 template will render with ymd dates:
1615:
Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Dates and numbers § Dates, months, and years
7483:
These parameters are mutually exclusive, and only one will show; by design.
6810:. This markup can prevent legitimate names from being flagged as generic.
2664:
at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases:
2077:
cs1|2 cannot reformat Month YYYY, Season YYYY, date-ranges of any form, or
225:
Use a period as a punctuation mark to separate fields and end the citation.
9130:
4800:: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
4749:
2951:. Do not use sub-national postal abbreviations ("DE", "Wilts", etc.), per
9419:
7536:
7451:
Multiple author or editor names are defined and one or more does not show
6708:: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (
6330:... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
5272:
3077:
2895:
2239:
7762:
7072:
Trailing dots (periods) are normally removed from the value assigned to
4306:
Online sources that require payment or subscription may be included per
2885:, and needs to be specified; no consensus exists for the exact value of
1040:(where "n.d." could also be any other valid date formatted per the MOS)
8649:
7159:
The library record or shelf location of a physical copy of a cited work
6974:. (This special markup is also supported by the plural page parameters
5736:
5127:
4899:
4885:
4256:
When MediaWiki encounters an external link URL with a '.pdf' or '.PDF'
4203:
4156:
3939:
to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators, e.g.
3920:
2631:
711:
228:
Use a semicolon as a punctuation mark to separate authors and editors.
7218:
7206:
6013:
5375:
5149:
4996:
2936:
2932:
2248:
2243:
1841:
only with a single year value (no ranges or day/month combinations).
7698:
parameter is not to be used to distinguish the different parts of a
4983:. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
8160:
4261:
1257:{{cite book |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe |date=2007}}
6700:
displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
5206:
4746:
3081:
2891:
2075:
year-initial numeric publication, access- and archive-dates (ymd);
322:
9437:
7156:
The name of the library that owns a physical copy of a cited work
6255:
DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to
5699:
4911:
4369:
https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&printsec=frontcover
4210:
to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators.
4175:
to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators.
2028:
long-form publication dates; abbreviated access- / archive-dates
379:
liner notes from albums, DVDs, CDs and similar audio-visual media
7606:
6568:
5623:
to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
5153:
5148:; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a
5063:
5000:
4938:
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341
4456:
3004:. This same technique can be used for co-published works, e.g.:
8783:
8653:
8164:
7766:
7404:
in order for MediaWiki to recognize it as a link. For example:
4932:
id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.
4265:
4003:, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in
2634:
language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:
1763:; the format of the orig-date value is not checked for errors.
1699:
CS1/CS2 templates follow the format specified by the article's
1176:. If a citation includes multiple notable authors, one may use
6380:. This is useful where the author and/or date is unknown. The
6321:(if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the
4888:; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:
4321:
Commercial sites such as Amazon, unless no alternative exists.
3088:. Use via only when a standard identifier cannot be used (see
207:
There are a number of templates that use a name starting with
104:
81:
18:
7746:(17th ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 14.126.
7310:
and tools that use that data to edit Knowledge (XXG) such as
7244:
is a script that may be enabled to display errors when using
6350:
The module creates HTML IDs by default suitable for use with
4056:, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in
1621:) as the reference for all date format checking performed by
1609:
Date format compliance with Knowledge (XXG)'s Manual of Style
7090:
The parameter may also accept a number of special keywords (
4474:. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
1716:
196:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
7187:
that attempts to build a full citation based on a URL. See
5680:
4979:: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at
1672:
quarterly dates supported in the form 'First Quarter 2020'
1583:
Manual of Style/Dates and numbers § Dates, months and years
234:
Format the title of short works such as chapters in quotes.
7664:, there is a need to distinguish which is which by use of
7410:
7175:
CS1 templates may be inserted manually or by use of tools:
6512:, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (
6274:
If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists in
5555:
4240:
3057:
1080:
are available as well, as shown in the following example:
7036:-style templates supports it as well in conjunction with
4281:
here can affect readers/translators at other Wikipedias.
4090:
to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:
3043:(optional): Name of the content deliverer (when they are
2935:
is, especially if they are old enough that it was called
2319:(RTL). To include chapter titles in these languages, use
1518:
the publication-date format in the template is YYYY-MM-DD
7441:
The author shows in brackets with an external link icon.
7394:
If URL is supplied, then the title cannot be wikilinked.
1759:, and the date of the ancient source may be provided in
1448:. If a cited work has multiple translators, you may use
1072:, etc. For symmetry with the other numbered parameters,
9526:
7547:
for the English Knowledge (XXG)) in order to create an
7350:
7330:
5762:
5537:
which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as
2127:
2119:
1555:. This parameter displays only if there is a value for
69:
62:
6772:
Parameters that support accept-this-as-written markup
5387:
parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.
5296:
identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example
4399:
https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PA172
2773:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
1751:
Dates earlier than 100 not supported. Knowledge (XXG)
1697:
Article-level restrictions are beyond the scope of CS1
1547:). For clarity, please supply specifics, for instance
147:
The use of CS1 or of templates is not compulsory; per
7683:, it is the first series of the publication known as
7221:
can export citations in Knowledge (XXG)-ready format.
7212:
6220:
The template is able to recognize known free-to-read
5346:
parameter, below; these are two different identifiers
4574:
not required for linked documents that do not change.
3947:
to avoid the hyphens being converted to dashes, e.g.
5554:
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the
2048:
abbreviated publication and access- / archive-dates
1571:
When a source does not have a publication date, use
1378:. If a cited work has multiple editors, you may use
1200:-type parameters do not allow wikilinking. However,
543:
academic and scientific papers published in journals
9433:
9327:
9121:
9035:
8987:
8983:
8908:
8842:
8779:
8616:
8595:
8529:
8463:
8198:
8140:
8124:
8069:
8018:
7970:
7937:
7884:
7848:
7800:
7224:
5432:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
5167:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
5102:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
5014:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
4965:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
4955:
4146:
4142:
4092:|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
4065:
4016:
969:
Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates
262:
7717:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B
6012:
5870:
5852:
5728:
5706:
5534:
4980:
4908:http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733
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4303:Links should be to full versions of the source.
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1005:CS1 templates present a citation generally as:
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5611:to a link also produced by an identifier. The
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653:news articles in print, video, audio or web
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4639:
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4631:
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3253:
3230:
3207:
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3121:
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6045:
5823:
5470:corpus ID; example
4890:1974AJ.....79..819H
4699:|url-status=usurped
4143:Original/New Series
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3933:|pages=461, 466–467
3211:cite AV media notes
3118:
2994:WP:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT
2913:|publication-place=
2335:|script-chapter=ar:
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1916:|date=July 4, 1997b
1633:
1623:Module:Citation/CS1
1439:|translator3-first=
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274:
220:Module:Citation/CS1
142:Module:Citation/CS1
115:This help page has
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9006:Graphics tutorials
8970:Your first article
8948:"Ignore all rules"
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7924:Citation templates
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6771:
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5821:
5791:|contribution-url=
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4922:). Aliases: none.
4415:Special characters
4266:external-link icon
4159:: – , for example
4074:double parentheses
3923:: – , for example
3638:cite press release
3104:
2989:The New York Times
2894:for websites, and
2672:Work and publisher
2596:cite press release
2451:grc: Ancient Greek
2251:, Knowledge (XXG)
2249:As with trademarks
2186:cite press release
1982:
1628:
1585:. Further points:
1462:|translator-first=
1454:|translator3-link=
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1427:|translator2-last=
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9455:
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8232:conference papers
8158:
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7962:Nesting footnotes
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6808:generic-name test
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6493:
6246:User:Citation bot
6165:
6164:
6055:Allowed keywords
5949:
5948:
5833:Allowed keywords
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4876:. Aliases: none.
4762:|arxiv=1501.00001
4695:|url-status=unfit
4549:
4548:
4394:on Google Books:
4344:would look like:
3841:
3840:
3482:cite mailing list
3367:cite encyclopedia
3066:Project Gutenberg
2828:WP:Citing sources
2395:
2394:
2308:|at=Featured News
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2092:
2091:
1976:{{use xxx dates}}
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1906:
1905:
1602:publication dates
1466:|translator-link=
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1315:original research
1219:; Hawking, Lucy.
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944:
872:technical reports
684:online newsgroups
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290:Citation expander
270:
269:
123:
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103:
102:
80:
79:
9566:
9535:
9531:
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9333:
9308:simple archiving
9164:Citation Style 1
9144:Article deletion
9139:Appealing blocks
9132:
9041:
9019:
9011:Picture tutorial
8989:
8916:
8848:
8844:Help for readers
8785:
8771:
8759:
8747:
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8421:Cite tech report
8419:
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8405:
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8192:Citation Style 1
8185:
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8095:
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8078:
8026:Cite link labels
7939:Inline citations
7929:Reflist template
7899:Citation Style 2
7894:Citation Style 1
7823:Reliable sources
7787:
7780:
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7406:www.example.org/
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6714:|postscript=none
6711:
6699:
6695:
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6676:display-subjects
6639:
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6584:to set the dash
6550:interviewer-mask
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6299:is defined, use
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6263:with the format
6254:
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6239:
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6231:
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5621:convenience link
5618:
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5602:|title-link=none
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5468:Semantic Scholar
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5424:
5423:|sbn=356-02201-3
5406:
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5356:pmc-embargo-date
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4788:|asin=B00005N5PF
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4649:
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4477:
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4314:Do not link to:
4280:
4275:
4271:
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4169:|volume=I, III–V
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3756:
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3119:
3117:
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3095:
3062:Internet Archive
3035:publication-date
3022:
3018:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2998:|location=London
2978:The Mercury News
2976:, which yields:
2975:
2972:
2966:The Mercury News
2950:
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2768:J. Am. Vet. Med.
2762:
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1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1931:Citation Style 1
1921:
1917:
1847:Days of the week
1840:
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1824:
1796:
1792:
1762:
1758:
1714:
1706:
1665:
1634:
1604:, or YYYY-MM-DD.
1597:Do not wikilink.
1578:
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1258:
1248:
1241:Hawking, Stephen
1234:
1224:
1217:Hawking, Stephen
1210:
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1199:
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1183:
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865:Cite tech report
863:
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810:
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730:
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126:Citation Style 1
112:
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9017:
8985:Getting started
8979:
8904:
8885:Other languages
8838:
8829:Making requests
8823:parental advice
8775:
8729:Reference desks
8683:
8678:
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7871:Offline sources
7856:Citation needed
7844:
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7741:
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7700:media franchise
7681:media franchise
7678:Physical Review
7642:Physical Review
7637:Physical Review
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5498:JFM 35.0387.02
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5443:
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5380:|pmid=17322060
5369:
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4893:
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4661:on 2013-05-01.
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3459:cite magazine
3454:
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3188:cite AV media
3183:
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3166:
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3153:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3137:
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3099:
3091:
3090:§ Identifiers
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
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3067:
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2102:use dmy dates
2098:
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2058:
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2041:
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1943:|access-date=
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567:Cite magazine
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344:Cite AV media
338:
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7861:Find sources
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161:style guides
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30:
9459:Departments
9435:Directories
9385:Magic words
9370:Hidden text
9340:Wiki markup
9169:Cite errors
9073:Discussions
9053:Biographies
9018:(live chat)
8765:Directories
8584:Cite serial
8456:web sources
8435:Cite thesis
8407:Cite speech
8379:Cite report
8036:Cite errors
7619:<id: -->
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7168:Main page:
6860:|translator
6745:MOS:FOREIGN
6728:is defined.
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4725:Identifiers
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4610:archive-url
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4578:access-date
4562:access-date
4556:Access date
4462:If URLs in
4279:|format=PDF
4274:|format=PDF
4270:|format=PDF
4227:chapter-url
4167:. The form
4042:quote-pages
3931:. The form
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3799:cite thesis
3730:cite speech
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3312:(as a book)
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2571:yi: Yiddish
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2532:si: Sinhala
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2508:my: Burmese
2505:mr: Marathi
2484:ku: Kurdish
2478:kn: Kannada
2448:fa: Persian
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2433:bs: Bosnian
2430:bo: Tibetan
2427:bn: Bengali
2415:am: Amharic
2391:|
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2278:one of the
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1995:Definition
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1791:–
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1323:reliability
1286:When using
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244:General use
157:house style
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9299:Talk pages
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8960:Style-tips
8880:Navigation
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8802:Principles
8753:Cheatsheet
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8596:Categories
8474:Cite arXiv
8274:interviews
8142:Deprecated
7729:References
7581:Wiktionary
7569:Wikisource
7561::wikidata:
7402:URI scheme
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7121:|veditors=
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2559:ug: Uyghur
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2472:kk: Kazakh
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172:WP:CITEVAR
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9303:archiving
9287:Reverting
9275:Passwords
9258:Page name
9233:Infoboxes
9223:Footnotes
9068:Consensus
8933:Etiquette
8890:Searching
8865:Copyright
8706:Q & A
8701:Help desk
8518:Cite SSRN
8393:Cite sign
8337:Cite news
8302:magazines
8211:Cite book
8201:templates
8080:Edit refs
7947:Footnotes
7599::commons:
7386:Web links
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