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the human brain (brain in general) that the surgeon uses to plan the precise location for bone removal and the appropriate angle of access to the relevant brain areas. The amount of skull that needs to be removed depends on the type of surgery being performed. The bone flap is mostly removed with the help of a
170:
Human craniotomy is usually performed under general anesthesia but can be also done with the patient awake using a local anaesthetic; the procedure, typically, does not involve significant discomfort for the patient. In general, a craniotomy will be preceded by an MRI scan which provides an image of
221:
At least 40% of patients became susceptible to at least one infection, creating more interconnected risk factors along the way. From the
Infectious Diseases Clinic Erasme Hospital, there had been reports of infections initially beginning from either the time of surgery, skin intrusion, hematogenous
175:
and a craniotome, then replaced using titanium plates and screws or another form of fixation (wire, suture, etc.) after completion of the surgical procedure. In the event the host bone does not accept its replacement, an artificial piece of skull, often made of
199:
or viral meningitis occurs in about 0.8 to 1.5% of individuals undergoing craniotomy. Postcraniotomy pain is frequent and moderate to severe in nature. This pain has been controlled through the use of scalp infiltrations, nerve scalp blocks,
500:
225:
Cerebrospinal fluid shunt (CSF) associates with the risk of meningitis due to the following factors: pre-shunt associated infections, post-operative CSF leakage, lack of experience from the neurosurgeon,
236:
The skin is especially necessary to address because it is an external organ. Scratching the incision site can easily create an infection due to there being no barrier between the open air and wound.
391:
Szaflarski, J. P; K. S Sangha; C. J Lindsell; L. A Shutter (2010). "Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis".
493:
218:
Within the 334 procedures that they had conducted from males and females, their results concluded that traumatic brain injuries were the predominant causes of bacterial meningitis.
486:
233:
The way shunts are operated on each patient relies heavily on the cleanliness of the site. Once bacteria penetrates the area of a CSF, the procedure becomes more complicated.
188:
computer file in order to provide a very close fit, in an effort to minimize fitment issues, and therefore minimizing the duration of the cranial surgery.)
916:
215:, their clinical studies indicated that "the risk for meningitis was independently associated with perioperative steroid use and ventricular drainage".
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52:
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911:
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146:(in which the skull flap is not immediately replaced, allowing the brain to swell, thus reducing intracranial pressure) and from
806:
239:
Aside from scratching, decubitus ulcer and tissues near the shunt site are also leading pathways for infection susceptibility.
664:
242:
It is also common to give patients seven days of anti-seizure medications post operatively. Traditionally this has been
679:
544:
275:
898:
59:
344:"Pain treatment after craniotomy: where is the (procedure-specific) evidence? A qualitative systematic review"
139:. The procedure is also used in epilepsy surgery to remove the parts of the brain that are causing epilepsy.
712:
478:
162:
871:
840:
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128:
124:
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816:
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Infections in patients undergoing craniotomy: risk factors associated with post-craniotomy meningitis
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821:
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906:
674:
603:
416:
373:
324:
115:. Craniotomies are often critical operations, performed on patients who are suffering from brain
510:
460:
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136:
47:
439:"A randomized, double-blind study of phenytoin for the prevention of post-traumatic seizures"
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888:
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Hansen, Morten S; Brennum, Jannick; Moltke, Finn B.; Dahl, Jørgen B. (December 2011).
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van de Beek D, Drake JM, Tunkel AR (January 2010). "Nosocomial
Bacterial Meningitis".
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230:/young age, advanced age, shunt revisions for dysfunction, and neuroendoscopes.
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17:
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119:, such as tumors, blood clots, removal of foreign bodies such as bullets, or
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437:; S. S Dikmen; A. J Wilensky; J. Keihm; S. Chabal; H. R Winn (1990).
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123:, and can also allow doctors to surgically implant devices, such as
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180:, is substituted. (The PEEK appliance is routinely modeled by a
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482:
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208:, morphine being the most effective in providing analgesia.
150:, the creation of a burr hole through the cranium into the
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in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the
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250:as it has a lower risk of drug-drug interactions.
184:machine capable of accepting a high resolution
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8:
917:National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
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211:According to the Journal of Neurosurgery,
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166:Diagram of the elements of a craniotomy.
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29:
7:
348:European Journal of Anaesthesiology
222:seeding, or retrograde infections.
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25:
142:Craniotomy is distinguished from
774:Intervertebral disc annuloplasty
628:Intracranial pressure monitoring
260:
443:New England Journal of Medicine
301:New England Journal of Medicine
1:
912:Mini–mental state examination
665:Multiple subpial transection
361:10.1097/EJA.0b013e32834a0255
680:Anterior temporal lobectomy
456:10.1056/nejm199008233230801
27:Surgical operation on skull
959:
246:, but now is increasingly
899:Clinical prediction rules
545:Decompressive craniectomy
521:
405:10.1007/s12028-009-9304-y
276:Decompressive craniectomy
86:
37:
943:Neurosurgical procedures
713:Amygdalohippocampectomy
872:Electroencephalography
841:Magnetoencephalography
515:central nervous system
167:
125:deep brain stimulators
121:traumatic brain injury
817:Pneumoencephalography
658:Bilateral cingulotomy
623:Suboccipital puncture
313:10.1056/NEJMra0804573
165:
127:for the treatment of
826:Transcranial Doppler
812:Cerebral angiography
764:Spinal decompression
197:Bacterial meningitis
822:Echoencephalography
588:Thalamic stimulator
129:Parkinson's disease
907:Glasgow Coma Scale
675:Corpus callosotomy
604:Ventricular system
393:Neurocritical Care
168:
105:surgical operation
930:
929:
728:
727:
137:cerebellar tremor
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16:(Redirected from
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856:Microneurography
742:Meningeal biopsy
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90:edit on Wikidata
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889:Polysomnography
877:Lumbar puncture
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696:Pituitary gland
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670:Hemispherectomy
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618:Ventriculostomy
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354:(12): 821–829.
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268:Medicine portal
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228:premature birth
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18:Hemicraniectomy
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513:involving the
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475:External links
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449:(8): 497–502.
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399:(2): 165–172.
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307:(2): 146–154.
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111:to access the
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648:Psychosurgery
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192:Complications
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173:cranial drill
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922:CHADS2 score
882:CSF tap test
802:Neuroimaging
756:spinal canal
720:Brain biopsy
550:Cranioplasty
539:
524:Neurosurgery
446:
442:
435:Temkin, N. R
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846:Myelography
752:Spinal cord
708:Hippocampus
593:Pallidotomy
583:Thalamotomy
148:trepanation
144:craniectomy
865:Diagnostic
769:Discectomy
540:Craniotomy
511:procedures
509:Tests and
287:References
281:Trepanning
152:dura mater
101:craniotomy
33:Craniotomy
851:Wada test
836:Brain PET
831:Brain MRI
784:Rhizotomy
779:Cordotomy
421:207368104
244:phenytoin
202:parecoxib
158:Procedure
74:eMedicine
937:Category
734:Meninges
653:Lobotomy
639:Cerebrum
570:Thalamus
413:19898966
378:54568552
370:21971206
329:20506761
321:20071704
254:See also
206:morphine
133:epilepsy
48:ICD-9-CM
807:Head CT
794:Imaging
465:2115976
117:lesions
80:1890449
66:D003399
463:
419:
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204:, and
135:, and
689:Other
560:Brain
532:Skull
417:S2CID
374:S2CID
325:S2CID
113:brain
109:skull
103:is a
88:[
754:and
572:and
461:PMID
409:PMID
366:PMID
317:PMID
178:PEEK
60:MeSH
53:01.2
451:doi
447:323
401:doi
356:doi
309:doi
305:362
186:MRI
182:CNC
939::
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352:28
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323:.
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131:,
99:A
824:/
502:e
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488:v
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380:.
358::
331:.
311::
92:]
20:)
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