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can see males that have a plumage completely similar in all aspects to that of females. This unusual type of feathering called so much the interest of biologists that was studied from different points of view, and as a consequence, the inheritance of this condition has been well understood, while the
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males is sometimes difficult to identify because some of those males may show only a few female feathers in their first adult plumage. But those males reach a complete female plumage after the first moult when they acquire the adult plumage of the second year. This happens because hen-feathering
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Somes, R. G. International
Registry of Poultry Genetic Stocks. A Directory of Specialized Lines and Strains, Mutations, Breeds and Varieties of Chickens, Japanese Quail and Turkeys. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Bulletin #460,
239:
complex of enzymes responsible for estrogen synthesis. Estrogen formation is as much as several hundred-fold higher in fibroblasts cultured from skin of chickens carrying the henny feathering trait compared to that observed in fibroblasts from skin of control chickens.
147:
Hen-feathering in cocks does not manifest itself unless the feathers are developed under the influx of sexual hormones. The effect on feathering is just the same both whether the hormone comes from the own testicles of the male or from an injection of testosterone.
133:
These variations in the expression of the character, even within the same individual, defies common sense and may confuse non-advised breeders who might expect a better mating behaviour in normal male-feathering cocks than in those of the hen-feathering type. Some
130:
requires a masculine hormone and in some cases first adult plumage is completed before testicles work normally. Sometimes, well characterized old males of the hen-feathering type can turn, with age, into normal male plumage due to a subnormal testicular activity.
151:
Chickens of both sexes develop male-type plumage after gonadectomization. Strictly speaking, they develop a neutral plumage with long acute feathers, like those of male plumage, because ovarian hormone is also necessary to develop female plumage.
215:
gene, are put on normal males, the skin of the grafts develop female (shorter and rounded tip) feathers. If the hosts of the grafts are subsequently castrated, all the feathers, including that of the skin graft turned into the male-type.
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individuals rates of estrogen formation are undetectable or low in all control tissues other than ovary. Conversely rate of estrogen formation is high in skin and skin appendages and detectable in many other tissues biopsied from mature
494:
Leshin, M., Baron, J., George, F.W. and Wilson, J.D. 1981 Increased estrogen formation and aromatase activity in fibroblasts cultured from the skin of chickens with the Henny feathering trait. J.Biol Chem. May
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2011 "Aromatase excess syndrome: identification of cryptic duplications and deletions leading to gain of function of CYP19A1 and assessment of phenotypic determinants". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96 (6):
448:
Greenwood, A. W. 1928 Studies on the relation of gonadic structure to plumage characterization in the domestic fowl. IV. Gonad cross-transplantation in
Leghorn and Campine. Proc. Roy. Soc.(London) B, 103,
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breeders consider hen-feathering to have adverse effect on the fertility of the male and may use cocks that do not carry the trait for breeding purposes, despite their automatic disqualification in shows.
485:
George, F.W. and Wilson, J.D. 1980 pathogenesis of the henny feathering trait in the
Sebright bantam chicken. Increased conversion of androgen to estrogen in skin. J. Clin. Invest. Jul;66(1):57-65.
70:
Males of most chicken breeds distinguish from their females in having longer, sharp and more scalloped feathers in neck, hackle, saddle and wing bows. But in some breeds, like the fancy breeds
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henny chicks. But half maximal level of the enzyme is sufficient to allow full development of female feathering in affected male birds and this explains why hen-feathering in heterozygous
504:
Wilson, J. D., George, F. W.†, Leshin, M. 1987 Genetic control of extraglandular aromatase activity in the chicken. Steroids. Volume 50, Issues 1–3, July–September, pp. 235–244
328:
Domm, L. V. Modifications in sex and secondary sexual characters in birds. Chapter V. in "Sex and
Secretions" 2nd.ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co. Baltimore, 1939.
360:
Somes RG Jr, George FW, Baron J, Noble JF, Wilson JD. Inheritance of the henny-feathering trait of the
Sebright bantam chicken. J. Hered. 1984 Mar-Apr;75(2):99-102.
458:
Caridroit, F. 1937 Contróle des caractères pigmentaires raciaux par une hormone masculinisante (propionate de testostérone). Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 126,732-734
418:
Krizenecky, J. 1934 Zur analyse der
Hennenfedrigkeit der Sebright-Bantam-HĂĽhner und anderer Rassen. Z.ZĂĽcht.: Reihe B. Z. TierzĂĽcht. ZĂĽchtgsbiol. 31, 201-216
91:
It had been early established that hen-feathering is a trait controlled by a simple autosomic dominant gene, whose expression is limited to the male sex.
235:
Increased estrogen formation in the skin and other peripheral tissues of chickens with the henny-feathering trait is due to an enhanced activity of the
467:
Danforth, C. H. and Foster, F. 1929 Skin transplantation as a means of studying genetic and endocrine factors in the fowl. J. Exptl. Zoöl. 52, 443-470.
369:
George F.W., Matsumine H, McPhaul MJ, Somes RG Jr, Wilson JD. Inheritance of the henny feathering trait in... J Hered. 1990 Mar-Apr;81(2):107-10.
539:
476:
Danforth, C. H. 1930 The natura of racial and sexual dimorphism in the plumage of
Campines and Leghorn. Biol. Generalis. 6, 99-108.
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Greenwood, A. W. and Blythe, J. S. S. 1938 Sex dimorphism in the plumage of the domestic fowl.Journal of
Genetics. 36, 53-72.
41:
409:
Punnet, R. C. and Bailey, P. G. 1921 Genetic studies in poultry. III. Hen-feathered cocks. Journal of
Genetics 11,37-57
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Testosterone is normally converted to estradiol, one of the main estrogens, through the action of the enzyme aromatase.
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where males are bigger and have brighter and more colorful plumage than females among other morphological differences.
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birds. The henny-feathering trait in males is the result of increased conversion of androgen to estrogen in skin.
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280:
33:). Males with this condition develop a female-type plumage, although otherwise look and respond as virile males.
29:
219:
In female chickens of all breeds development of female feathering pattern is mediated by estrogens. In normal
439:
Roxas, H. A. 1926 Gonad cross-transplantation in
Sebright and Leghorn fowls. J. Exptl. Zoöl. 46,63-119.
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Morgan, T. H. 1920 The genetic factor for hen-feathering in the Sebright Bantam. Biol. Bull 39, 257-259
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The genetic symbol proposed by F. B. Hutt in 1958 to designate this autosomic dominant gene was
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Attempts to demonstrate genetic linkage to several known loci have been unsuccessful.
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40:, a breed established circa 1810, in accordance with the intentions of its creator,
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98:(after "hen feathering") which was accepted by other geneticists. Both homozygous
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activity, measured using a sensitive isotopic assay, in the skin of heterozygous
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has increased levels of estrogens. When skin grafts taken from females carrying
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birds the activity of the enzyme is limited in all tissues other than ovary.
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males is sometimes difficult to identify in their first adult plumage: See
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is the occurrence of a genetically conditioned character in domestic fowl (
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in girls, and which is also inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.
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Hutt, F.B. GenĂ©tica AvĂcola. Salvat Editores, S.A. 1ra.ed. España, 1958
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gene can not be identified unless they are submitted to progeny tests.
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Hen-feathering in cocks is one of the typical characteristics of the
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biochemical basis determining this condition is still under study.
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are of the normal feathering type. Meanwhile, female carriers of
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Males of most chicken breeds distinguish from their females
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in plumage is very common in birds, particularly within
283:in humans, a rather rare syndrome that can lead to
275:There is a curious resemblance of the increased
251:chicks is approximately half that of homozygous
183:. So this enzyme plays an important role in the
20:Golden Sebright cockerel showing hen-feathering
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106:males are of the hen-feathering type, while
121:Expressiveness of hen-feathering in cocks
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203:Enhanced aromatase activity in the skin
155:It is well known that some of the main
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143:Hormonal dependence of hen-feathering
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271:Aromatase excess syndrome in humans
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179:through the action of the enzyme
207:Skin of adult chickens carrying
125:Hen-feathering in heterozygous
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279:activity in chickens, to the
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78:and some game breeds like
42:Sir John Saunders Sebright
310:Aromatase excess syndrome
281:aromatase excess syndrome
58:Cocks with hen-feathering
540:Chicken plumage patterns
30:Gallus gallus domesticus
25:Hen feathering in cocks
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243:The average rate of
87:Mode of inheritance
429:Sebright (chicken)
289:precocious puberty
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495:10;256(9):4341-4.
261:Expressiveness...
102:and heterozygous
80:Pettai Madhirione
48:Sexual dimorphism
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263:. In normal
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185:biosynthesis
173:testosterone
159:derive from
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513:Fukami, M.
52:Phasianidae
535:Aviculture
529:Categories
316:References
518:E1035–43.
305:Aromatase
277:aromatase
245:aromatase
237:aromatase
189:estrogens
181:aromatase
177:estradiol
161:androgens
157:estrogens
545:Feathers
299:See also
171:, while
136:Sebright
72:Sebright
169:estrone
76:Campine
449:73-81.
397:(1981)
515:et al
265:hf/hf
257:Hf/hf
253:Hf/Hf
249:Hf/hf
230:Hf/hf
226:Hf/Hf
221:hf/hf
127:Hf/hf
108:hf/hf
104:Hf/hf
100:Hf/Hf
291:and
74:and
427:In
228:or
187:of
44:.
531::
402:^
374:^
351:^
213:Hf
209:Hf
191:.
163:.
112:Hf
96:Hf
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