911:
1605:, where they discuss both the personal and family history of cancer. The medical professional can then assess the likelihood of the patient having the mutation and can guide them through the process that is genetic screening. It is important that this consultation takes place because it ensures that the person gives informed consent to engage in genetic testing, is aware and understands the steps, benefits and limitations of the procedure and is more knowledgeable of the consequences of hearing test results. The test can be done by using
775:
201:
193:
1086:, which is an enzyme involved in DNA replication. There are many polymerases, but pol η is the enzyme that replicates UV light-damaged DNA. Mutations in this gene will produce a faulty pol η enzyme that cannot replicate DNA with UV light damage. Individuals with mutations of this gene have a subset of XP; XP-variant disease.
1620:
Direct to consumer testing can be obtained without a medical professional but is not recommended as the consumer loses the opportunity to discuss their decision with an educated professional. According to the
National Library of Medicine in the U.S. genetic testing in America costs in the price range
1001:
is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic condition that predisposes individuals to benign and malignant tumors. The most common tumors in Von Hippel–Lindau disease are central nervous system and retinal hemangioblastomas, clear cell renal carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours,
1689:
to examine if there is any change in the cells lining the intestinal wall, regular check-ups are associated with an additional 7 years onto the life expectancy on average for a person with Lynch's syndrome. This is because early detection means the correct preventive actions and surgery can be taken
1581:
that are passed through generations. People who test positive for having a genetic mutation are not necessarily condemned to develop the cancer linked with the mutation, however they possess an increased risk of developing cancer in comparison to the general population. It is advised that people get
128:
Hereditary cancer syndromes underlie 5 to 10% of all cancers and there are over 50 identifiable hereditary forms of cancer. Scientific understanding of cancer susceptibility syndromes is actively expanding: additional syndromes are being found, the underlying biology is becoming clearer, and genetic
1719:
have a BRCA mutation, this is a huge contrast from the general population in the United States where 1 in 400 people are affected. Ashkenazi Jews are at high risk of developing hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and it is recommend that they undergo both genetic testing to see if they have a
2113:
1710:
Often genetic mutations are more common in certain ethnic groups, this is because a race can track their ancestors back to one geographic location, the mutated genes are then passed from ancestors down through generations which is why some ethnicities are more susceptible to mutations, thus
4762:
Robson, Mark E.; Bradbury, Angela R.; Arun, Banu; Domchek, Susan M.; Ford, James M.; Hampel, Heather L.; Lipkin, Stephen M.; Syngal, Sapna; Wollins, Dana S. (2015-11-01). "American
Society of Clinical Oncology Policy Statement Update: Genetic and Genomic Testing for Cancer Susceptibility".
1594:
1629:
Genetic testing is important as if a test comes out positive they are more aware of their own personal health and the health of immediate family members. With the help and advice from a medical professional they can take steps to reduce their elevated risk of cancer development through:
236:, where the first hit of the gene is the inherited mutation and the second hit occurs later in life. As only one allele needs to be mutated (as compared to both in so-called "sporadic cancers"), the individual has a higher chance of developing the cancer than the general population.
778:
Although the majority of
Fanconi anemia cases are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, those caused by FANCB are inherited through x-linked recessive inheritance. This example pedigree chart shows how inheritance of X-linked Fanconi anemia might occur through several
204:
Less commonly, cancer syndromes are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. In this example pedigree chart the only person that will have an increased risk of cancer is the homozygous recessive male in the second generation; although there are many carriers of the
1102:
is present in a DNA repair gene, the repair gene will either not be expressed or expressed in an altered form. Then the repair function will likely be deficient, and, as a consequence, DNA damages will tend to accumulate. Such DNA damages can cause errors during
1033:
and non-melanoma skin cancers. Also, sun exposed areas of the tongue, lips and eyes have an increased risk of becoming cancerous. Xeroderma pigmentosum may be associated with other internal cancers and benign tumors. In addition to cancer, some
956:
and skeletal abnormalities. Estimates of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome prevalence varies, but is approximately 1 in 60000. The presence of basal cell carcinoma is much higher in white than black individuals; 80% and 38%, respectively.
864:. Individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome often have multiple independent primary cancers. The reason for the large clinical spectrum of this disorder may be due to other gene mutations that modify the disease. The protein produced by the
27:
251:) then they have a 25% chance of producing a homozygous recessive child (has predisposition), 50% chance of producing a heterozygous child (carrier of the faulty gene) and 25% chance of produced a child with two normal alleles.
1617:. This material is then sent to a specialized genetics lab where technicians will examine it, the test results are sent back to the health provider who requested the analysis and results are discussed with the patient.
961:
are found in approximately 75% of individuals with the disease and often occur early in life. The most common skeletal abnormalities occur in the head and face, but other areas are often affected such as the
1002:
pancreatic cysts, endolymphatic sac tumors and epididymal papillary cystadenomas. Von Hippel–Lindau disease results from a mutation in the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3p25.3.
1601:
The process of genetic screening is a simple, non-invasive procedure. However, before genes are tested for mutations the patient usually must go to a health care provider and go through a one-on-one
1711:
increasing their chances of developing cancer . As mentioned above, this can be useful as it can help health professionals assess a patient's risk of having a mutation before they undergo testing.
880:. Defective p53 may not be able to properly perform these processes, which may be the reason for tumor formation. Because only 60-80% of individuals with the disorder have detectable mutations in
4314:
Anbari KK, Ierardi-Curto LA, Silber JS, Asada N, Spinner N, Zackai EH, Belasco J, Morrissette JD, Dormans JP (2000). "Two primary osteosarcomas in a patient with
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome".
220:
manner. In these cases, only one faulty allele has to be present for an individual to have a predisposition to cancer. Individuals with one normal allele and one faulty allele are known as
2773:
Neumann HP, Pawlu C, Peczkowska M, Bausch B, McWhinney SR, Muresan M, Buchta M, Franke G, Klisch J, Bley TA, Hoegerle S, Boedeker CC, Opocher G, Schipper J, Januszewicz A, Eng C (2004).
3330:"Functional characterization connects individual patient mutations in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) with dysfunction of specific DNA double-strand break-repair signaling pathways"
1276:
colorectal, endometrial, ovariain, gastrointestinal tract (stomach and small intestine, pancreas, biliary tract), urinary tract, brain (glioblastomas), and skin (keratoacanthomas and
243:
trait. Both alleles of a gene must be mutated in autosomal recessive disorders for an individual to have a predisposition to cancer. A person with two recessive alleles is known as
813:
PGL-1 is associated with SDHD mutation, and most PGL-1 individuals with paraganglioma have affected fathers rather than affected mothers. PGL1 and PGL2 are autosomal dominant with
696:. Genetic mutations account for approximately 7% and 14% of breast and ovarian cancer, respectively, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for 80% of these cases. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are both
4806:
129:
testing is improving detection, treatment, and prevention of cancer syndromes. Given the prevalence of breast and colon cancer, the most widely recognized syndromes include
3565:
Lancaster JM, Powell CB, Chen LM, Richardson DL (2015). "Society of
Gynecologic Oncology statement on risk assessment for inherited gynecologic cancer predispositions".
700:
implicated in maintaining and repairing DNA, which in turn leads to genome instability. Mutations in these genes allow further damage to DNA, which can lead to cancer.
884:, other mutations in the p53 pathway may be involved in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Individuals with LFS need lifelong intensive screening for early cancer detection. See
3964:
Bartkova J, Tommiska J, Oplustilova L, Aaltonen K, Tamminen A, Heikkinen T, Mistrik M, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Heikkilä P, Lukas J, Nevanlinna H, Bartek J (2008).
771:(MSI). Mutated microsatellites are often found in genes involved in tumor initiation and progression, and MSI can enhance the survival of cells, leading to cancer.
4604:
Foulkes, William D.; Knoppers, Bartha Maria; Turnbull, Clare (January 2016). "Population genetic testing for cancer susceptibility: founder mutations to genomes".
247:. Both parents must have at least one faulty allele in order for a child to be homozygous recessive. If both parents have one mutant allele and one normal allele (
817:. PGL-4 is associated with SDHB mutation and is associated with a higher risk of pheochromocytoma, as well as renal cell cancer and non-medullary thyroid cancer.
1654:
287:
3925:"After double-strand break induction by UV-A, homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining cooperate at the same DSB if both systems are available"
840:, which greatly increases the risk of many cancers and is also highly associated with early onset of these cancers. Cancers linked to this disorder include;
5068:
4880:
Newton, K.; Green, K.; Lalloo, F.; Evans, D. G.; Hill, J. (January 2015). "Colonoscopy screening compliance and outcomes in patients with Lynch syndrome".
1702:. Aspirin is hugely beneficial in lowering cancer prevalence; however, it must be taken regularly over at least a five-year period to have any effect.
1107:
leading to mutations, some of which may give rise to cancer. Germ-line DNA repair mutations that increase the risk of cancer are listed in the Table.
1682:
1239:
751:. Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer is also associated with an early onset of colorectal cancer. MMR genes are involved in repairing DNA when the
638:
295:
130:
113:
1613:
of the patient, this includes; blood (which is the most common), saliva, amniotic fluid and even cells from the interior of the mouth gotten from a
255:
1586:
includes: Multiple family members with cancer, someone in their family that got cancer at a particularly young age or by being part of a certain
397:
Although cancer syndromes exhibit an increased risk of cancer, the risk varies. For some of these diseases, cancer is not their primary feature.
3159:
1423:
1418:
3966:"Aberrations of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 DNA damage sensor complex in human breast cancer: MRE11 as a candidate familial cancer-predisposing gene"
3142:
2872:
2096:
708:
134:
117:
4552:
Opletalova K, Bourillon A, Yang W, Pouvelle C, Armier J, Despras E, Ludovic M, Mateus C, Robert C, Kannouche P, Soufir N, Sarasin A (2014).
934:
323:
4554:"Correlation of phenotype/genotype in a cohort of 23 xeroderma pigmentosum-variant patients reveals 12 new disease-causing POLH mutations"
784:
263:
4833:"Decision analysis--effects of prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy on life expectancy among women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations"
456:
are solid tumors commonly linked to FA. Congenital abnormalities include: skeletal anomalies (especially those affecting the hands),
1757:
1715:
has a prevalence of 1 in 200,000 live births in the U.S., but it affects individuals in Japan in 1 in 20,000-40,000 cases. 1 in 40
3602:"Cellular and molecular consequences of defective Fanconi anemia proteins in replication-coupled DNA repair: mechanistic insights"
1082:
enzymes that repair UV light-damaged DNA and faulty proteins will allow the buildup of mutations caused by UV light. Pol η is a
1029:. The risk of skin cancer is more than 10000 times that of normal individuals and includes many types of skin cancer, including
259:
918:
3012:
Manfredi M, Vescovi P, Bonanini M, Porter S (March 2004). "Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: a review of the literature".
5107:
1877:"Review of the Lynch syndrome: history, molecular genetics, screening, differential diagnosis, and medicolegal ramifications"
560:
533:
283:
30:
3098:
Richard, S; Gardie, B; Couvé, S; Gad, S (May 30, 2012). "Von Hippel-Lindau: How a rare disease illuminates cancer biology".
2002:
998:
378:
355:
1954:
Banks, KC; Moline, JJ; Marvin, ML; Newlin, AC; Vogel, KJ (March 2013). "10 rare tumors that warrant a genetics referral".
1149:
1144:
315:
311:
910:
5112:
982:. Although the exact role of this protein in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is not known, it is involved in the
303:
327:
1192:
leukemia, lymphoma, colon, breast, skin, lung, auditory canal, tongue, esophagus, stomach, tonsil, larynx, uterus
1558:
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1502:
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1358:
1348:
1338:
1167:
1079:
983:
768:
541:
366:
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3164:
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gene. Tumors with increased risk in this disorder are colorectal cancer, gastric adenomas and duodenal adenomas.
279:
885:
307:
299:
1542:
1538:
1471:
1208:
1163:
1159:
861:
549:
429:
165:
145:
4502:"Nucleotide excision repair proteins rapidly accumulate but fail to persist in human XP-E (DDB2 mutant) cells"
196:
Example pedigree chart of autosomal dominant inheritance. Many cancer syndromes are inherited in this manner.
2636:"Current hypotheses on how microsatellite instability leads to enhanced survival of Lynch Syndrome patients"
791:
441:
3199:
958:
896:
MUTYH-associated polyposis shares most of its clinical features with FAP; the difference is that it is an
433:
413:
228:) will have a 50% chance of producing an affected child. The mutation in the inherited gene is known as a
181:
3278:"Xeroderma pigmentosum and other diseases of human premature aging and DNA repair: molecules to patients"
3839:
Viktorsson K, De Petris L, Lewensohn R (2005). "The role of p53 in treatment responses of lung cancer".
3800:"DNA damage responses: mechanisms and roles in human disease: 2007 G.H.A. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture"
1485:
1459:
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93:
81:
and may also cause early onset of these cancers. Hereditary cancer syndromes often show not only a high
1296:
Direct role in HRR, BER, NER and acts in DNA damage response for those pathways and for NHEJ and MMR
3429:
3135:
Todd-Sanford clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods, edited by Israel
Davidsohn John Bernard Henry
2923:
Quesnel S, Malkin D (August 1997). "Genetic predisposition to cancer and familial cancer syndromes".
2333:
1550:
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1429:
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1330:
1284:
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825:
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611:
244:
3749:"Lynch syndrome and Lynch syndrome mimics: The growing complex landscape of hereditary colon cancer"
2775:"Distinct clinical features of paraganglioma syndromes associated with SDHB and SDHD gene mutations"
1562:
1271:
1042:. Xeroderma pigmentosum may be caused by genetic mutations in 8 genes, which produce the following
1014:
897:
841:
716:
715:
cancer syndrome that increases the risk of colorectal cancer. It is caused by genetic mutations in
537:
525:
409:
240:
232:
and a further mutation in the normal allele results in the development of cancer. This is known as
177:
408:
is a disorder with a wide clinical spectrum, including: early onset and increased risk of cancer;
5025:
4970:
4931:
Cossack, Matthew; Ghaffary, Cameron; Watson, Patrice; Snyder, Carrie; Lynch, Henry (April 2014).
4913:
4719:
4637:
4583:
4339:
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1979:
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1854:
1729:
1597:
An example of a direct to consumer genetic testing kit. This kit comes from the company 'MyGene'.
1519:
1383:
1075:
1018:
938:
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756:
736:
735:. In addition to colorectal cancer many other cancers are increased in frequency. These include;
712:
681:
642:
615:
564:
351:
233:
217:
536:). The FA pathway is involved in DNA repair when the two strands of DNA are incorrectly joined (
5102:
5017:
5009:
4962:
4954:
4933:"Aspirin use is associated with lower prostate cancer risk in male carriers of BRCA mutations"
4905:
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3477:"Bloom's syndrome. I. Genetical and clinical observations in the first twenty-seven patients"
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3518:"Minding the gap: the underground functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 at stalled replication forks"
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1035:
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833:
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645:
586:, which will in most cases progress to cancer. Other tumors increased in frequency include;
461:
70:
66:
140:
Some rare cancers are strongly associated with hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes.
1712:
1695:
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38:
359:
4656:
4267:"Roles of RECQ helicases in recombination based DNA repair, genomic stability and aging"
3433:
2337:
2190:
209:
Two copies of every gene are present in all cells of the body and each one is called an
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3160:"Genotype–phenotype correlation in von Hippel–Lindau disease with retinal angiomatosis"
3075:
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97:
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5096:
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4327:
3418:"Human exonuclease 1 and BLM helicase interact to resect DNA and initiate DNA repair"
2612:
2493:
1892:
1826:
1691:
1104:
849:
661:
599:
437:
417:
343:
169:
82:
19:"Genetic cancer" redirects here. For the study of genetics in cancer in general, see
5044:
5029:
4974:
4739:"What is the cost of genetic testing, and how long does it take to get the results?"
4723:
4641:
4465:
4413:
4343:
3684:
3363:
3111:
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1983:
1858:
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2509:
1694:, as well as that, recent studies show that men with increased risks of developing
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853:
845:
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339:
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109:
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922:
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192:
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3981:
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3617:
3533:
2741:
2599:
Smith EC (2012). "An overview of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome".
2576:
2559:
767:. These short repetitive sequences of DNA become unstable, leading to a state of
4849:
4832:
4184:
4015:"MUTYH DNA glycosylase: the rationale for removing undamaged bases from the DNA"
3578:
2957:
1686:
1614:
1477:
1026:
987:
803:
676:
is increased. Other cancers that are inconsistently linked to this syndrome are
421:
4617:
4398:"Human RECQ helicases: roles in DNA metabolism, mutagenesis and cancer biology"
4116:
Chrzanowska KH, Gregorek H, Dembowska-Bagińska B, Kalina MA, Digweed M (2012).
3852:
3715:
3700:"Endometrial cancer and Lynch syndrome: clinical and pathologic considerations"
3177:
2134:"The concise handbook of family cancer syndromes. Mayo Familial Cancer Program"
1690:
quicker. Regular breast screening is also recommended for women diagnosed with
571:. Around 1 in 8000 people will have this disease and it has approximately 100%
85:
of developing cancer, but also the development of multiple independent primary
5005:
4949:
4932:
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4681:
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4081:
3293:
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2536:
2394:
2150:
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1842:
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904:
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225:
173:
101:
5013:
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4707:
4625:
4233:
4031:
3765:
2831:
2480:
Galiatsatos P, Foulkes WD (February 2006). "Familial adenomatous polyposis".
172:/pheochromocytoma; renal cell carcinoma of chromophobe, hybrid oncocytic, or
3442:
2865:
P53 in the Clinic: TP53 Germline
Mutations: Genetics of Li–Fraumeni Syndrome
1673:
meaning that both breasts are removed), this can often add years onto their
877:
857:
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752:
627:
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regulation. Faulty APC causes β-catenin to accumulate in cells and activate
445:
105:
5021:
4966:
4909:
4792:
4715:
4633:
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Macrae F, du Sart D, Nasioulas S (2009). "Familial adenomatous polyposis".
2501:
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2447:
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1975:
1910:
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Lynch HT, Lynch PM, Lanspa SJ, Snyder CL, Lynch JF, Boland CR (July 2009).
1850:
1829:(April 2011). "Clinical management of hereditary breast cancer syndromes".
1811:
4866:
3502:
2944:
2909:
2652:
2560:"Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer due to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2"
2159:
1409:
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, intraepidermal carcinoma
416:. The most prominent manifestations of this disorder are those related to
3346:
3329:
3328:
Keimling M, Volcic M, Csernok A, Wieland B, Dörk T, Wiesmüller L (2011).
1793:
1578:
1183:
1117:
1099:
1030:
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on each strand of DNA do not match. Defective MMR genes allow continuous
603:
271:
4066:"Familial colon cancer syndromes: an update of a rapidly evolving field"
3416:
Nimonkar AV, Ozsoy AZ, Genschel J, Modrich P, Kowalczykowski SC (2008).
2345:
1299:
sarcomas, breast cancers, brain tumors, and adrenocortical carcinomas
524:(previously known as FANCD1). Inheritance of this syndrome is primarily
33:
is a cancer syndrome in which there are hundreds to thousands of benign
4893:
4682:"Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: introduction to the special issue"
4570:
4553:
4359:"Deficient DNA repair in the human progeroid disorder, Werner syndrome"
3667:
3650:
2239:
1699:
1334:
1022:
587:
579:
34:
4500:
Oh KS, Imoto K, Emmert S, Tamura D, DiGiovanna JJ, Kraemer KH (2011).
3941:
3924:
540:). Many pathways are coordinated by the FA pathway for this including
26:
2288:
1662:
1398:
1353:
1309:
1304:
1121:
1043:
799:
672:
and papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. In men the risk of
575:. An individual with this disease will have hundreds to thousands of
513:
477:
210:
184:
can identify people who are at risk of a hereditary cancer syndrome.
78:
5069:"Genetic risk, race and ethnicity | Cancer Fighters Thrive Magazine"
4831:
Schrag, D.; Kuntz, K. M.; Garber, J. E.; Weeks, J. C. (1997-05-15).
4358:
3378:
2686:
790:
Most cases of familial paraganglioma are caused by mutations in the
4450:"DNA repair diseases: What do they tell us about cancer and aging?"
3876:"Connecting molecular pathways to hereditary cancer risk syndromes"
2322:"Fanconi anaemia and the repair of Watson and Crick DNA crosslinks"
2115:
What is Cancer syndrome or Family cancer syndrome? A Concise Review
2379:"The Fanconi anemia pathway and DNA interstrand cross-link repair"
2273:"Molecular pathogenesis and clinical management of Fanconi anemia"
1455:
1451:
1368:
1322:
1203:
1200:
1071:
1067:
1059:
971:
949:
909:
901:
773:
657:
653:
521:
517:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
469:
465:
453:
224:. A heterozygous individual and a person with two normal alleles (
199:
191:
86:
2888:
Birch JM (July 1994). "Familial cancer syndromes and clusters".
1493:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1063:
807:
795:
732:
728:
724:
720:
74:
16:
Inherited genetic condition that predisposes a person to cancer
1447:
1443:
1288:
1051:
1047:
660:
genes. In women this disorder primarily increases the risk of
1621:
of $ 100-$ 2000 depending on the type and intricacy of test.
1505:, repairs damage in both transcribed and untranscribed DNA
100:
from turning cancerous. Other genes that may be affected are
3158:
Wong WT, n E, AgrĂł Coleman HR, et al. (February 2007).
1653:
There are other forms of preventive actions, an example for
1094:
Many cancer syndromes are due to an inherited impairment in
921:, a common finding in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
1434:
soft tissue sarcoma, colorectal, skin, thyroid, pancreas
528:, but FANCB can be inherited from the maternal or paternal
2969:
Sampson JR, Jones N (2009). "MUTYH-associated polyposis".
1706:
Prevalence of genetic mutations in different ethnic groups
77:
predispose the affected individuals to the development of
1343:
colorectal, duodenal, ovarian, bladder and skin cancers
3049:"Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)"
1698:
due to BRCA mutations can decrease their risk by taking
3276:
Niedernhofer LJ, Bohr VA, Sander M, Kraemer KH (2011).
3014:
International
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
2087:
Pathophysiology: functional alterations in human health
2033:"Cancer Risk Assessment for the Primary Care Physician"
108:
and genes involved in the production of blood vessels (
4680:
Myers, Melanie F.; Bernhardt, Barbara A. (June 2012).
3880:
American
Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book
3137:(14th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 555.
1750:
Hereditary Tumors: From Genes to
Clinical Consequences
1748:
Allgayer, Heike; Redher, Helga; Fulda, Simone (2009).
300:
Howel–Evans syndrome of esophageal cancer with tylosis
2091:. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1530:skin cancers (basal cell, squamous cell, melanoma)
1038:
that cause xeroderma pigmentosum are associated with
794:(succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) subunit genes (
365:
Examples of autosomal recessive cancer syndromes are
112:). Common examples of inherited cancer syndromes are
3133:
Henry, Todd; Campell, James; Hawley, Arthur (1969).
254:
Examples of autosomal dominant cancer syndromes are
2078:
2076:
92:Many of these syndromes are caused by mutations in
4988:Thorat, Mangesh A.; Cuzick, Jack (December 2013).
2175:"How the fanconi anemia pathway guards the genome"
2084:
1234:leukemia, liver tumors, solid tumors many areas
785:Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome
2003:"Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes"
1211:of double strand breaks and daughter strand gaps
280:dysplastic nevus syndrome with familial melanoma
3220:
3218:
3216:
2424:
2422:
1778:"Mechanisms of inherited cancer susceptibility"
239:Less often, syndromes may be transmitted as an
3379:"Recombinational DNA repair and human disease"
2558:Petrucelli N, Daly MB, Feldman GL (May 2010).
2127:
2125:
1870:
1868:
1771:
1769:
945:is very high. The disease is characterized by
2958:https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0408
2320:Kottemann MC, Smogorzewska A (January 2013).
1537:The acronyms for DNA repair pathways are HRR
213:. Most cancer syndromes are transmitted in a
8:
3225:Lehmann AR, McGibbon D, Stefanini M (2011).
1474:strands of transcriptionally active genes
1090:DNA repair defects and increased cancer risk
567:syndrome that greatly increases the risk of
464:. To date, the genes known to cause FA are:
180:; and sex cord tumors with annular tubules.
96:, genes that are involved in protecting the
3323:
3321:
2222:Tischkowitz MD, Hodgson SV (January 2003).
2083:Anderson, Cindy Lou; Carie A Braun (2007).
1949:
1947:
1945:
1720:mutation and regular screening for cancer.
4111:
4109:
1508:skin cancer (melanoma and non-melanoma)
1222:genes FANCA,B,C,D1,D2,E,F,G,I,J,L,M,N,O,P
1109:
602:. The cause of this disorder is a mutated
4948:
4848:
4697:
4569:
4525:
4473:
4421:
4290:
4241:
4192:
4143:
4133:
4089:
4040:
4030:
3989:
3940:
3899:
3874:Testa JR, Malkin D, Schiffman JD (2013).
3815:
3774:
3764:
3723:
3666:
3625:
3541:
3492:
3451:
3441:
3345:
3301:
3252:
3242:
3185:
3074:
3064:
2839:
2790:
2749:
2661:
2651:
2575:
2456:
2446:
2402:
2353:
2296:
2247:
2198:
2149:
2056:
1900:
1801:
1240:Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
1017:disorder characterized by sensitivity to
639:Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome
296:Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
288:hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndrome
131:hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome
114:hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome
4443:
4441:
4013:Markkanen E, Dorn J, HĂĽbscher U (2013).
2867:. New York: Springer. pp. 167–188.
2703:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133243
2634:Drescher KM, Sharma P, Lynch HT (2010).
2138:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1677:. Another preventive measure is regular
1592:
25:
4547:
4545:
2726:"Inherited colorectal cancer syndromes"
1740:
1376:BER for Tg, FapyG, 5-hC, 5-hU in dsDNA
937:, also known as Gorlin syndrome, is an
256:autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
4990:"Role of aspirin in cancer prevention"
1424:Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase
711:, also known as Lynch syndrome, is an
262:(although 85% of cases are sporadic),
4599:
4597:
4495:
4493:
4218:"NTHL1 defines novel cancer syndrome"
3698:Meyer LA, Broaddus RR, Lu KH (2009).
3651:"Cancer in Fanconi anemia, 1927-2001"
2429:Half E, Bercovich D, Rozen P (2009).
2112:Saboowala, Dr Hakim K. (2022-04-10).
1661:is the removal of all or some of the
941:cancer syndrome in which the risk of
763:mutations in regions of DNA known as
709:Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer
704:Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer
135:hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer
118:hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer
7:
2482:American Journal of Gastroenterology
2271:Kee Y, D'Andrea AD (November 2012).
1997:
1995:
1993:
1655:Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
935:Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
930:Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
900:disorder caused by mutations in the
634:Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
324:nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome
4837:The New England Journal of Medicine
2191:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134222
4216:Kuiper RP, Hoogerbrugge N (2015).
4118:"Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS)"
3481:American Journal of Human Genetics
2902:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072913
2132:Lindor NM, Greene MH (July 1998).
1657:would be to go through surgery: A
14:
4807:"Genetic testing for cancer risk"
4606:Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology
4265:Singh DK, Ahn B, Bohr VA (2009).
4122:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
3753:World Journal of Gastroenterology
3747:Carethers JM, Stoffel EM (2015).
3231:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
3053:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
2971:Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol
2525:Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol
2277:Journal of Clinical Investigation
2173:Moldovan GL, D'Andrea AD (2009).
747:, cancers of the small bowel and
668:, but also increases the risk of
4518:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00909.x
4328:10.1097/00003086-200009000-00032
2613:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00199.x
2494:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00375.x
2431:"Familial adenomatous polyposis"
2377:Su X, Huang J (September 2011).
1893:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01230.x
1685:then they should have a regular
1406:Helicase likely active in HRR
4466:10.1590/s1415-47572014000200008
4414:10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.10.002
3112:10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.05.005
1681:and check-ups. If a person has
1582:a genetic test if their family
1098:capability. When an inherited
974:, and the product of PTCH is a
919:keratocystic odontogenic tumour
51:familial/family cancer syndrome
4173:Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
3377:Thompson LH, Schild D (2002).
2724:Kastrinos F, Syngal S (2011).
1831:J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia
1480:(melanoma and non-melanoma)
1021:, massively increased risk of
970:of this disease occurs in the
561:Familial adenomatous polyposis
556:Familial adenomatous polyposis
534:x-linked recessive inheritance
377:, MUTYH-associated polyposis,
284:familial adenomatous polyposis
59:cancer predisposition syndrome
31:Familial adenomatous polyposis
1:
4937:Journal of Genetic Counseling
4686:Journal of Genetic Counseling
3841:Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun
3817:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0020
3600:Thompson LH, Hinz JM (2009).
3516:Nagaraju G, Scully R (2007).
3395:10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00224-5
2937:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70530-7
1172:leukemia, lymphoma, breast
1145:ataxia telangiectasia mutated
832:syndrome primarily caused by
338:(LRCC), hereditary papillary
4765:Journal of Clinical Oncology
4448:Menck CF, Munford V (2014).
4375:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.03.021
4167:Krokan HE, Bjørås M (2013).
3982:10.1016/j.molonc.2008.09.007
3923:Rapp A, Greulich KO (2004).
3892:10.1200/EdBook_AM.2013.33.81
3618:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.02.003
3534:10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.02.020
3422:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2742:10.1097/PPO.0b013e318237e408
2577:10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181d38f2f
1640:Maintaining a healthy weight
1579:mutated genes or chromosomes
1139:Cancers with increased risk
844:(often found in childhood),
420:(production of blood by the
346:-pheochromocytoma syndrome,
334:, hereditary leiomyomatosis
316:multiple osteochondromatosis
312:multiple endocrine neoplasia
234:Knudson's two-hit hypothesis
4850:10.1056/NEJM199705153362022
4185:10.1101/cshperspect.a012583
4064:Patel SG, Ahnen DJ (2012).
3579:10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.09.009
2685:Kunkel TA, Erie DA (2005).
2228:Journal of Medical Genetics
1526:Translesion synthesis (TLS)
1516:(also called polymerase H)
304:juvenile polyposis syndrome
260:Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
5129:
5043:Reference, Genetics Home.
4737:Reference, Genetics Home.
4657:"What is genetic testing?"
4655:Reference, Genetics Home.
4618:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.173
3853:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.192
3716:10.1177/107327480901600103
3178:10.1001/archopht.125.2.239
3100:Seminars in Cancer Biology
1776:Hodgson S (January 2008).
1559:nucleotide excision repair
1547:non-homologous end joining
1539:homologous recombinational
1349:Nijmegen breakage syndrome
1136:Repair pathways affected*
1080:nucleotide excision repair
984:hedgehog signaling pathway
892:MUTYH-associated polyposis
868:gene, p53, is involved in
769:microsatellite instability
542:nucleotide excision repair
144:should be considered with
47:hereditary cancer syndrome
18:
5006:10.1007/s11912-013-0351-3
4950:10.1007/s10897-013-9629-8
4699:10.1007/s10897-012-9500-3
4283:10.1007/s10522-008-9205-z
4082:10.1007/s11894-012-0280-6
3294:10.1016/j.mad.2011.06.004
3165:Archives of Ophthalmology
2983:10.1016/j.bpg.2009.03.006
2601:J Midwifery Womens Health
2537:10.1016/j.bpg.2009.02.010
2395:10.1007/s13238-011-1098-y
2049:10.1016/j.pop.2009.04.006
2007:National Cancer Institute
1968:10.1007/s10689-012-9584-9
1929:National Cancer Institute
1843:10.1007/s10911-011-9200-x
1468:Transcription coupled NER
1138:
1135:
1129:
999:Von Hippel–Lindau disease
994:Von Hippel–Lindau disease
630:(programmed cell death).
379:Rothmund–Thomson syndrome
356:von Hippel–Lindau disease
258:(Canale-Smith syndrome),
156:; fallopian tube/primary
55:inherited cancer syndrome
4994:Current Oncology Reports
4777:10.1200/JCO.2015.63.0996
4316:Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res
4234:10.18632/oncotarget.5864
4032:10.3389/fgene.2013.00018
3766:10.3748/wjg.v21.i31.9253
2890:British Medical Bulletin
2832:10.1177/1947601911413466
1637:A healthy, balanced diet
1577:can be used to identify
1197:breast cancer 1 & 2
1132:
862:adrenocortical carcinoma
670:fallopian tube carcinoma
550:homologous recombination
442:squamous cell carcinomas
430:myelodysplastic syndrome
414:congenital abnormalities
166:medullary thyroid cancer
146:adrenocortical carcinoma
5049:Genetics Home Reference
4743:Genetics Home Reference
4661:Genetics Home Reference
3929:Journal of Cell Science
3443:10.1073/pnas.0809380105
3227:"Xeroderma pigmentosum"
2925:Pediatr. Clin. North Am
2814:Malkin D (April 2011).
2151:10.1093/jnci/90.14.1039
1752:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
1646:Staying safe under the
1154:Different mutations in
1019:ultra-violet (UV) light
959:Odontogenic keratocysts
792:succinate dehydrogenase
606:, which is involved in
264:Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome
182:Primary care physicians
4169:"Base excision repair"
4135:10.1186/1750-1172-7-13
4070:Curr Gastroenterol Rep
3244:10.1186/1750-1172-6-70
3066:10.1186/1750-1172-3-32
3026:10.1054/ijom.2003.0435
2816:"Li-fraumeni syndrome"
2792:10.1001/jama.292.8.943
2448:10.1186/1750-1172-4-22
1669:is removing a breast (
1598:
1428:HRR, NHEJ, long patch
1278:sebaceous adenomas)
1025:and increased risk of
926:
888:for more information.
780:
698:tumor suppressor genes
538:interstrand crosslinks
434:acute myeloid leukemia
328:Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
206:
197:
94:tumor suppressor genes
42:
5108:Syndromes with tumors
2687:"DNA mismatch repair"
2118:. Dr.Hakim Saboowala.
1782:J Zhejiang Univ Sci B
1596:
1555:translesion synthesis
1486:Xeroderma pigmentosum
1440:Xeroderma pigmentosum
1011:Xeroderma pigmentosum
1006:Xeroderma pigmentosum
913:
777:
719:(MMR) genes, notably
612:transcription factors
598:, thyroid tumors and
546:translesion synthesis
387:Xeroderma pigmentosum
367:ataxia–telangiectasia
290:, hereditary diffuse
203:
195:
29:
4506:Photochem. Photobiol
3347:10.1096/fj.11-185546
2029:Gadalla, Shahinaz M.
1794:10.1631/jzus.B073001
1551:base excision repair
1464:XPA XPB XPD XPF XPG
1392:basal-cell carcinoma
1285:Li-Fraumeni syndrome
943:basal cell carcinoma
886:Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
842:soft tissue sarcomas
826:Li-Fraumeni syndrome
821:Li-Fraumeni syndrome
308:Li–Fraumeni syndrome
245:homozygous recessive
4460:(1 Suppl): 220–33.
3434:2008PNAS..10516906N
3047:Lo Muzio L (2008).
2653:10.1155/2010/170432
2435:Orphanet J Rare Dis
2346:10.1038/nature11863
2338:2013Natur.493..356K
2027:Korde, Larissa A.;
1363:lymphoid cancers
1126:
1015:autosomal recessive
986:, known to control
898:autosomal recessive
717:DNA mismatch repair
688:and cancers of the
526:autosomal recessive
410:bone marrow failure
326:(Gorlin syndrome),
241:autosomal recessive
178:sebaceous carcinoma
69:in which inherited
5113:Hereditary cancers
4894:10.1111/codi.12778
4882:Colorectal Disease
4811:Cancer Research UK
4571:10.1002/humu.22462
4402:Semin. Cancer Biol
4396:Monnat RJ (2010).
3935:(Pt 21): 4935–45.
3798:Kastan MB (2008).
3668:10.1002/cncr.11046
3522:DNA Repair (Amst.)
2691:Annu. Rev. Biochem
2640:Clin. Dev. Immunol
2240:10.1136/jmg.40.1.1
1730:Family aggregation
1648:sun's harmful rays
1625:Preventive actions
1599:
1543:sub-pathway of HRR
1520:DNA polymerase eta
1503:Global genomic NER
1384:endometrial cancer
1327:MUTYH glycosylase
1214:breast, ovarian
1110:
939:autosomal dominant
927:
830:autosomal dominant
781:
737:endometrial cancer
713:autosomal dominant
682:male breast cancer
643:autosomal dominant
616:cell proliferation
565:autosomal dominant
458:cafe au lait spots
352:tuberous sclerosis
298:(Lynch syndrome),
218:autosomal dominant
207:
198:
188:Genetics of cancer
137:(Lynch syndrome).
120:(Lynch syndrome).
43:
5045:"Werner syndrome"
4843:(20): 1465–1471.
4771:(31): 3660–3667.
3942:10.1242/jcs.01355
3649:Alter BP (2003).
3475:German J (1969).
3144:978-0-7216-2921-6
2874:978-1-4614-3676-8
2863:Bakry, D (2013).
2224:"Fanconi anaemia"
2098:978-0-7817-6250-2
1713:Werner's Syndrome
1671:double mastectomy
1570:Genetic screening
1534:
1533:
1040:neurodegeneration
1036:genetic mutations
990:and development.
870:cell cycle arrest
749:pancreatic cancer
686:colorectal cancer
678:pancreatic cancer
650:genetic mutations
582:throughout their
569:colorectal cancer
424:); these include
340:renal cell cancer
336:renal cell cancer
320:neurofibromatosis
230:germline mutation
158:peritoneal cancer
71:genetic mutations
5120:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5075:. Archived from
5073:CancerCenter.com
5065:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5040:
5034:
5033:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4952:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4852:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4701:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4601:
4592:
4591:
4573:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4529:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4454:Genet. Mol. Biol
4445:
4436:
4435:
4425:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4357:Bohr VA (2005).
4354:
4348:
4347:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4294:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4245:
4228:(33): 34069–70.
4213:
4207:
4206:
4196:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4147:
4137:
4113:
4104:
4103:
4093:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3993:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3944:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3903:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3819:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3670:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3545:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3496:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3445:
3428:(44): 16906–11.
3413:
3407:
3406:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3349:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3305:
3282:Mech. Ageing Dev
3273:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3246:
3222:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3198:. Archived from
3189:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3078:
3068:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2966:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2843:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2753:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2460:
2450:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2357:
2332:(7432): 356–63.
2317:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2289:10.1172/JCI58321
2283:(11): 3799–806.
2268:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2179:Annu. Rev. Genet
2170:
2164:
2163:
2153:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2090:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2060:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1951:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1745:
1683:Lynch's syndrome
1679:cancer screening
1634:Regular exercise
1130:DNA repair gene
1127:
976:tumor suppressor
968:genetic mutation
966:. The causative
646:genetic disorder
462:hypopigmentation
150:carcinoid tumors
67:genetic disorder
5128:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5082:
5080:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5053:
5051:
5042:
5041:
5037:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4816:
4814:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4747:
4745:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4665:
4663:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4603:
4602:
4595:
4551:
4550:
4543:
4499:
4498:
4491:
4447:
4446:
4439:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4322:(378): 213–23.
4313:
4312:
4308:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4012:
4011:
4007:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3804:Mol. Cancer Res
3797:
3796:
3792:
3759:(31): 9253–61.
3746:
3745:
3741:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3340:(11): 3849–60.
3327:
3326:
3319:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3224:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3203:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2952:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2144:(14): 1039–71.
2131:
2130:
2123:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2012:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1991:
1956:Familial Cancer
1953:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1726:
1708:
1696:prostate cancer
1675:life expectancy
1627:
1584:medical history
1575:Genetic testing
1572:
1563:mismatch repair
1415:Werner syndrome
1388:duodenal cancer
1314:HRR and NHEJ
1092:
1078:. XPA-XPF are
1008:
996:
932:
894:
823:
788:
765:microsatellites
706:
674:prostate cancer
636:
624:differentiation
558:
426:aplastic anemia
403:
395:
383:Werner syndrome
332:prostate cancer
276:Cowden syndrome
268:Carney syndrome
190:
142:Genetic testing
126:
73:in one or more
63:cancer syndrome
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5126:
5124:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5060:
5035:
5000:(6): 533–540.
4980:
4943:(2): 187–191.
4923:
4872:
4823:
4798:
4754:
4729:
4692:(3): 357–360.
4672:
4647:
4593:
4541:
4489:
4437:
4388:
4369:(1–2): 252–9.
4349:
4306:
4271:Biogerontology
4257:
4208:
4179:(4): a012583.
4159:
4105:
4056:
4005:
3976:(4): 296–316.
3956:
3915:
3866:
3831:
3790:
3739:
3704:Cancer Control
3690:
3641:
3612:(1–2): 54–72.
3592:
3567:Gynecol. Oncol
3557:
3528:(7): 1018–31.
3508:
3487:(2): 196–227.
3467:
3408:
3389:(1–2): 49–78.
3369:
3317:
3288:(6–7): 340–7.
3268:
3212:
3150:
3143:
3125:
3090:
3039:
3004:
2961:
2950:
2931:(4): 791–808.
2915:
2880:
2873:
2855:
2806:
2765:
2730:Cancer Journal
2716:
2677:
2626:
2591:
2550:
2531:(2): 197–207.
2515:
2472:
2418:
2369:
2312:
2263:
2214:
2165:
2121:
2104:
2097:
2072:
2043:(3): 471–488.
2031:(2017-05-02).
2019:
1989:
1941:
1916:
1864:
1817:
1765:
1758:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1717:Ashkenazi Jews
1707:
1704:
1692:BRCA mutations
1651:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1626:
1623:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1465:
1462:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1269:
1255:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1220:Fanconi anemia
1216:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1180:
1178:Bloom syndrome
1174:
1173:
1170:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1120:that increase
1091:
1088:
1007:
1004:
995:
992:
980:cell signaling
931:
928:
893:
890:
822:
819:
787:
782:
745:ovarian cancer
741:stomach cancer
705:
702:
666:ovarian cancer
635:
632:
600:desmoid tumors
557:
554:
438:Hepatic tumors
406:Fanconi anemia
402:
401:Fanconi anemia
399:
394:
391:
375:Fanconi anemia
371:Bloom syndrome
348:retinoblastoma
292:gastric cancer
189:
186:
162:leiomyosarcoma
154:gastric cancer
125:
122:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5125:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5079:on 2018-02-21
5078:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5050:
5046:
5039:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4924:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4876:
4873:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4827:
4824:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4758:
4755:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4676:
4673:
4662:
4658:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4564:(1): 117–28.
4563:
4559:
4555:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4512:(3): 729–33.
4511:
4507:
4503:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4408:(5): 329–39.
4407:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4277:(3): 235–52.
4276:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4258:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4076:(5): 428–38.
4075:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3847:(3): 868–80.
3846:
3842:
3835:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3810:(4): 517–24.
3809:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3743:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3661:(2): 425–40.
3660:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3334:FASEB Journal
3331:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3202:on 2008-12-12
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3172:(2): 239–45.
3171:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3020:(2): 117–24.
3019:
3015:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2977:(2): 209–18.
2976:
2972:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2896:(3): 624–39.
2895:
2891:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:(4): 475–84.
2825:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2785:(8): 943–51.
2784:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:(6): 405–15.
2735:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2607:(6): 577–84.
2606:
2602:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2570:(5): 245–59.
2569:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2488:(2): 385–98.
2487:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2389:(9): 704–11.
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1759:9783527320288
1755:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
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1218:
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1213:
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1207:
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1199:
1196:
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1181:
1179:
1176:
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1171:
1169:
1165:
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1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1105:DNA synthesis
1101:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
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1037:
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1016:
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1005:
1003:
1000:
993:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
955:
951:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
924:
923:H&E stain
920:
916:
912:
908:
906:
903:
899:
891:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:breast cancer
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
818:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
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766:
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758:
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746:
742:
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734:
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718:
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621:
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531:
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475:
471:
467:
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459:
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451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:hematopoeisis
415:
411:
407:
400:
398:
392:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:paraganglioma
342:, hereditary
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
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231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
202:
194:
187:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:paraganglioma
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
123:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
83:lifetime risk
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:, etc.) is a
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
5081:. Retrieved
5077:the original
5072:
5063:
5052:. Retrieved
5048:
5038:
4997:
4993:
4983:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4888:(1): 38–46.
4885:
4881:
4875:
4840:
4836:
4826:
4815:. Retrieved
4813:. 2015-06-02
4810:
4801:
4768:
4764:
4757:
4746:. Retrieved
4742:
4732:
4689:
4685:
4675:
4664:. Retrieved
4660:
4650:
4612:(1): 41–54.
4609:
4605:
4561:
4557:
4509:
4505:
4457:
4453:
4405:
4401:
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4366:
4362:
4352:
4319:
4315:
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4274:
4270:
4260:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4125:
4121:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4022:
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3973:
3969:
3959:
3932:
3928:
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3883:
3879:
3869:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3807:
3803:
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3756:
3752:
3742:
3710:(1): 14–22.
3707:
3703:
3693:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3609:
3605:
3595:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3337:
3333:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3234:
3230:
3204:. Retrieved
3200:the original
3169:
3163:
3153:
3134:
3128:
3106:(1): 26–37.
3103:
3099:
3093:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3017:
3013:
3007:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2953:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2864:
2858:
2823:
2820:Genes Cancer
2819:
2809:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2438:
2434:
2386:
2383:Protein Cell
2382:
2372:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2141:
2137:
2114:
2107:
2086:
2040:
2037:Primary Care
2036:
2022:
2011:. Retrieved
2009:. 2013-04-22
2006:
1959:
1955:
1933:. Retrieved
1931:. 2015-04-22
1928:
1919:
1884:
1880:
1837:(1): 17–25.
1834:
1830:
1820:
1785:
1781:
1749:
1743:
1709:
1665:, whereas a
1659:hysterectomy
1652:
1628:
1619:
1603:consultation
1600:
1588:ethnic group
1573:
1541:repair, SSA
1470:repairs the
1380:Colon cancer
1337:paired with
1277:
1155:
1111:
1093:
1027:skin cancers
1009:
997:
978:involved in
933:
895:
881:
865:
854:brain cancer
846:osteosarcoma
824:
812:
789:
779:generations.
707:
637:
614:involved in
563:(FAP) is an
559:
530:x-chromosome
404:
396:
364:
360:Wilm's tumor
253:
249:heterozygous
238:
222:heterozygous
208:
139:
127:
110:angiogenesis
91:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
44:
21:Oncogenomics
4019:Front Genet
2697:: 681–710.
2234:(1): 1–10.
1962:(1): 1–18.
1887:(1): 1–18.
1881:Clin. Genet
1687:colonoscopy
1643:Not smoking
1615:buccal swab
1607:body fluids
1478:skin cancer
1472:transcribed
1225:FANCA etc.
988:cell growth
954:keratocysts
422:bone marrow
330:, familial
270:, familial
176:histology;
5097:Categories
5083:2018-02-20
5054:2018-02-20
4817:2018-02-20
4748:2018-02-20
4666:2018-02-20
4558:Hum. Mutat
4363:Mutat. Res
4222:Oncotarget
3606:Mutat. Res
3573:(1): 3–7.
3383:Mutat. Res
3206:2008-10-22
2564:Genet. Med
2185:: 223–49.
2013:2018-02-19
1935:2018-02-20
1925:"Genetics"
1827:Domchek SM
1825:Clark AS,
1788:(1): 1–4.
1736:References
1667:mastectomy
1114:DNA repair
1112:Inherited
1096:DNA repair
1084:polymerase
947:basal cell
915:Micrograph
905:DNA repair
874:DNA repair
815:imprinting
648:caused by
596:carcinomas
590:, adrenal
573:penetrance
450:oropharynx
322:type 1/2,
314:type 1/2,
226:homozygous
174:oncocytoma
152:; diffuse
124:Background
102:DNA repair
5014:1534-6269
4959:1573-3599
4918:205027427
4902:1463-1318
4859:0028-4793
4785:1527-7755
4708:1573-3599
4626:1759-4782
3970:Mol Oncol
3886:: 81–90.
1499:XPC, XPE
1354:NBS (NBN)
1317:breast
1118:mutations
972:PTCH gene
878:apoptosis
858:leukaemia
838:TP53 gene
834:mutations
757:insertion
628:apoptosis
620:migration
608:β-catenin
446:esophagus
215:mendelian
106:oncogenes
5103:Oncology
5030:40187047
5022:24114189
4975:15371573
4967:23881471
4910:25213040
4793:26324357
4724:18281938
4716:22441809
4642:24456816
4634:26483301
4580:24130121
4536:21388382
4484:24764756
4432:20934517
4383:15916783
4344:36781050
4336:10986997
4301:19083132
4252:26431160
4203:23545420
4154:22373003
4100:22864806
4051:23450852
4000:19383352
3951:15367581
3910:23714463
3861:15865943
3826:18403632
3785:26309352
3734:19078925
3685:38251423
3677:12518367
3636:19622404
3587:25238946
3552:17379580
3462:18971343
3403:12427531
3364:24698475
3356:21778326
3312:21708183
3263:22044607
3196:17296901
3120:22659535
3085:19032739
3034:15050066
2999:24117301
2991:19414147
2850:21779515
2801:15328326
2760:22157284
2711:15952900
2672:20631828
2646:: 1–13.
2621:23050669
2586:20216074
2545:19414146
2502:16454848
2467:19822006
2413:21948210
2364:23325218
2307:23114602
2258:12525534
2209:19686080
2067:19616151
1984:14426194
1976:23377869
1911:19659756
1859:21417924
1851:21360002
1812:18196605
1724:See also
1522:(Pol η)
1339:8-oxo-dG
1228:HRR and
1184:helicase
1133:Protein
1100:mutation
1031:melanoma
964:rib cage
917:showing
761:deletion
604:APC gene
592:adenomas
588:osteomas
580:adenomas
393:Examples
294:(HDGC),
272:chordoma
35:adenomas
4867:9148160
4588:2854418
4527:3082610
4475:3983582
4423:3040982
4292:2713741
4243:4741436
4194:3683898
4145:3314554
4091:3448005
4042:3584444
3991:5527773
3901:5889618
3776:4541378
3725:3693757
3627:2714807
3543:2989184
3503:5770175
3494:1706430
3453:2579351
3430:Bibcode
3303:3474983
3254:3221642
3187:3019103
3076:2607262
2945:9286285
2910:7987644
2841:3135649
2751:3240819
2663:2901607
2510:8516051
2458:2772987
2404:4875268
2355:3700363
2334:Bibcode
2298:3484428
2249:1735271
2200:2830711
2160:9672254
2058:2713871
1902:2846640
1803:2170461
1700:aspirin
1545:, NHEJ
1492:, XPE (
1158:reduce
1044:enzymes
1023:sunburn
836:in the
652:of the
444:of the
104:genes,
37:in the
5028:
5020:
5012:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4865:
4857:
4791:
4783:
4722:
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4640:
4632:
4624:
4586:
4578:
4534:
4524:
4482:
4472:
4430:
4420:
4381:
4342:
4334:
4299:
4289:
4250:
4240:
4201:
4191:
4152:
4142:
4128:: 13.
4098:
4088:
4049:
4039:
4025:: 18.
3998:
3988:
3949:
3908:
3898:
3859:
3824:
3783:
3773:
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3683:
3675:
3655:Cancer
3634:
3624:
3585:
3550:
3540:
3501:
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3460:
3450:
3401:
3362:
3354:
3310:
3300:
3261:
3251:
3237:: 70.
3194:
3184:
3141:
3118:
3083:
3073:
3059:: 32.
3032:
2997:
2989:
2943:
2908:
2871:
2848:
2838:
2799:
2758:
2748:
2709:
2670:
2660:
2619:
2584:
2543:
2508:
2500:
2465:
2455:
2441:: 22.
2411:
2401:
2362:
2352:
2326:Nature
2305:
2295:
2256:
2246:
2207:
2197:
2158:
2095:
2065:
2055:
1982:
1974:
1909:
1899:
1857:
1849:
1810:
1800:
1756:
1663:uterus
1561:, MMR
1557:, NER
1553:, TLS
1549:, BER
1488:genes
1442:genes
1403:RECQ4
1399:RECQL4
1373:NTHL1
1305:MRE11A
1242:genes
1189:HRR
1122:cancer
1013:is an
952:, jaw
828:is an
800:SDHAF2
694:cervix
690:uterus
662:breast
641:is an
577:benign
478:FANCD2
412:; and
211:allele
87:tumors
79:cancer
5026:S2CID
4971:S2CID
4914:S2CID
4720:S2CID
4638:S2CID
4584:S2CID
4340:S2CID
3681:S2CID
3360:S2CID
2995:S2CID
2506:S2CID
1980:S2CID
1855:S2CID
1611:cells
1417:gene
1369:NTHL1
1323:MUTYH
1310:MRE11
1287:gene
1204:BRCA2
1201:BRCA1
1182:BLM (
1116:gene
1076:Pol η
902:MUTYH
759:and
753:bases
658:BRCA2
654:BRCA1
584:colon
522:BRCA2
518:FANCP
514:FANCO
510:FANCN
506:FANCM
502:FANCL
498:FANCJ
494:FANCI
490:FANCG
486:FANCF
482:FANCE
474:FANCC
470:FANCB
466:FANCA
454:uvula
205:gene.
75:genes
39:colon
5018:PMID
5010:ISSN
4963:PMID
4955:ISSN
4906:PMID
4898:ISSN
4863:PMID
4855:ISSN
4789:PMID
4781:ISSN
4712:PMID
4704:ISSN
4630:PMID
4622:ISSN
4576:PMID
4532:PMID
4480:PMID
4428:PMID
4379:PMID
4332:PMID
4297:PMID
4248:PMID
4199:PMID
4150:PMID
4096:PMID
4047:PMID
3996:PMID
3947:PMID
3906:PMID
3857:PMID
3822:PMID
3781:PMID
3730:PMID
3673:PMID
3632:PMID
3583:PMID
3548:PMID
3499:PMID
3458:PMID
3399:PMID
3352:PMID
3308:PMID
3259:PMID
3192:PMID
3139:ISBN
3116:PMID
3081:PMID
3030:PMID
2987:PMID
2941:PMID
2906:PMID
2869:ISBN
2846:PMID
2797:PMID
2779:JAMA
2756:PMID
2707:PMID
2668:PMID
2644:2010
2617:PMID
2582:PMID
2541:PMID
2498:PMID
2463:PMID
2409:PMID
2360:PMID
2303:PMID
2254:PMID
2205:PMID
2156:PMID
2093:ISBN
2063:PMID
1972:PMID
1907:PMID
1847:PMID
1808:PMID
1754:ISBN
1494:DDB2
1359:NHEJ
1293:P53
1289:TP53
1267:PMS2
1264:MLH1
1261:MSH6
1258:MSH2
1253:PMS2
1250:MLH1
1247:MSH6
1244:MSH2
1168:NHEJ
1124:risk
1074:and
950:nevi
882:TP53
876:and
866:TP53
860:and
808:SDHB
804:SDHC
796:SDHD
733:PMS2
731:and
729:MSH6
725:MSH2
721:MLH1
692:and
664:and
656:and
626:and
594:and
548:and
520:and
460:and
452:and
440:and
432:and
385:and
358:and
133:and
116:and
98:cell
5002:doi
4945:doi
4890:doi
4845:doi
4841:336
4773:doi
4694:doi
4614:doi
4566:doi
4522:PMC
4514:doi
4470:PMC
4462:doi
4418:PMC
4410:doi
4371:doi
4367:577
4324:doi
4320:378
4287:PMC
4279:doi
4238:PMC
4230:doi
4189:PMC
4181:doi
4140:PMC
4130:doi
4086:PMC
4078:doi
4037:PMC
4027:doi
3986:PMC
3978:doi
3937:doi
3933:117
3896:PMC
3888:doi
3849:doi
3845:331
3812:doi
3771:PMC
3761:doi
3720:PMC
3712:doi
3663:doi
3622:PMC
3614:doi
3610:668
3575:doi
3571:136
3538:PMC
3530:doi
3489:PMC
3448:PMC
3438:doi
3426:105
3391:doi
3387:509
3342:doi
3298:PMC
3290:doi
3286:132
3249:PMC
3239:doi
3182:PMC
3174:doi
3170:125
3108:doi
3071:PMC
3061:doi
3022:doi
2979:doi
2933:doi
2898:doi
2836:PMC
2828:doi
2787:doi
2783:292
2746:PMC
2738:doi
2699:doi
2658:PMC
2648:doi
2609:doi
2572:doi
2533:doi
2490:doi
2486:101
2453:PMC
2443:doi
2399:PMC
2391:doi
2350:PMC
2342:doi
2330:493
2293:PMC
2285:doi
2281:122
2244:PMC
2236:doi
2195:PMC
2187:doi
2146:doi
2053:PMC
2045:doi
1964:doi
1897:PMC
1889:doi
1839:doi
1798:PMC
1790:doi
1609:or
1514:XPV
1490:XPC
1460:XPG
1456:XPF
1452:XPD
1448:XPB
1444:XPA
1430:BER
1419:WRN
1333:of
1331:BER
1272:MMR
1230:TLS
1209:HRR
1166:or
1164:SSA
1160:HRR
1156:ATM
1150:ATM
1072:XPG
1068:XPF
1064:XPE
1060:XPD
1056:XPC
1052:XPB
1048:XPA
810:).
5099::
5071:.
5047:.
5024:.
5016:.
5008:.
4998:15
4996:.
4992:.
4969:.
4961:.
4953:.
4941:23
4939:.
4935:.
4912:.
4904:.
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4886:17
4884:.
4861:.
4853:.
4839:.
4835:.
4809:.
4787:.
4779:.
4769:33
4767:.
4741:.
4718:.
4710:.
4702:.
4690:21
4688:.
4684:.
4659:.
4636:.
4628:.
4620:.
4610:13
4608:.
4596:^
4582:.
4574:.
4562:35
4560:.
4556:.
4544:^
4530:.
4520:.
4510:87
4508:.
4504:.
4492:^
4478:.
4468:.
4458:37
4456:.
4452:.
4440:^
4426:.
4416:.
4406:20
4404:.
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