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1224:
1687:
200:
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333:
1214:
852:
43:
418:
186:
1244:
582:
443:
78:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
2380:
199:
1675:
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1058:
1027:
778:
974:
728:
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2444:
1458:
1223:
81:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
219:
89:
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In 1402, Duke
William I Guelders and Jülich died without any legitimate offspring. He was succeeded by his younger brother
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2136:
1744:
980:
961:
736:
674:
102:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1634:
598:. By 1240 his territorial expansion created conflict on the eastern side of his territory with the Archbishop of Cologne
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In the 9th century a certain
Matfried was count of Jülich (pagus Juliacensis). The first mention of a count in the
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739:, who belonged to a younger branch, and who had obtained Berg by virtue of the marriage of one of his ancestors.
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Settlement of
Dortmund between Brandenburg and Palatinate-Neuburg and the conflict of succession in Jülich
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in 1801 officially acknowledged the cession of Jülich to France. In 1815, following the defeat of
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Thereafter Jülich's history became closely intertwined with that of its neighbours: the
Duchies of
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578:, is Gerhard I, in 1003; his grandson Gerhard III began to call himself Count of Jülich in 1081.
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In the Shadow of "Savage Wolves": Anabaptist Münster and the German
Reformation During the 1530s
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2007:
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The Lower
Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (red) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) after 1548
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609:(Count from 1278 to 1297) remained a fierce opponent of the Bishopric, supporting Duke
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1483:, anatomist, surgeon, obstetrician and professor, considered the founder of modern
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1353:
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became
Archbishop of Cologne in 1332. In 1336 Count William received the title of
1422:, geographer, cosmographer and cartographer, whose parents were originally from
804:
occupied the Duchy of Jülich (Duché de
Juliers), which became part of the French
1815:
1795:
1531:
and Jülich, known for his military activities and bellicose attitude (1364–1402)
1413:
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When the last duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg died without direct heirs in 1609, the
546:
381:
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Theater of the World, or a New Atlas of Maps and
Representations of All Regions
17:
1931:
1640:
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1571:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 549–550.
677:, however, became entangled in a fierce feud with the Emperor's half-brother
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1142:
519:
1585:(Darmstadt, 1922, reprint Verlag Degener & Co., 1995), Vol. 1, page 14.
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633:.Gerhard managed to retain his territories after Adolf of Nassau lost the
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1939:
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1423:
1202:
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1194:
1093:
Several cities and municipalities belonged to the Duchy of Jülich: -
642:
731:, who also died without heirs in 1423. The Gelderland estates chose
2141:
1468:
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and his son William III inherited both duchies, thereby becoming
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1911:
1907:
1416:, Jesuit priest, historian, dramatist and theologian (1606–1681)
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beyond the Rhine in 1423, and from then on also became known as
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1657:
491:
from the 11th to the 18th centuries. The duchy lay west of the
504:
36:
1629:
Edicts of Jülich, Cleves, Berg, Grand Duchy Berg, 1475–1815
716:
in 1371. William II settled the conflict with the Imperial
503:
to the west. It had territories on both sides of the river
1583:
Stammtafeln westdeutscher Adelsgeschlechter im Mittelalter
735:
as duke, while Jülich amalgamated with Berg and passed to
712:, and duchess herself after the death of her half-brother
1515:, general of cavalry in the Thirty Years' War (1591–1652)
708:: Duke William II had married Mary, the daughter of Duke
1509:, violinist, violist, organist and composer (1790–1845)
1406:, military man holding the rank of Lieutenant General,
1396:, military man holding the rank of Lieutenant General,
653:
Gerhard died in 1328. His eldest son succeeded him as
602:, whose troops devastated the city five years later.
2460:
Former states and territories of Rhineland-Palatinate
1646:
Genealogie-Mittelalter Family of the Counts of Jülich
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and after the last duke of Palatinate-Neuburg (also
645:, once more against the will of the Cologne bishop.
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361:
344:
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300:
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259:
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134:
919:, margrave from 1336, duke from 1356 as William I
637:in 1298, and in 1314 supported the coronation of
1493:, Jesuit priest, professor, and poet (1591–1635)
1344:, physician, "holy doctor of Moscow" (1780–1853)
1322:, printmaker, draftsman, and painter (1558–1617)
746:inherited Jülich and Berg through marriage with
1499:, farmer and alleged serial killer accused of
754:. From 1521 Jülich-Berg and Cleves formed the
621:. Walram was succeeded by his younger brother
96:accompanying your translation by providing an
62:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
2450:States and territories disestablished in 1815
1669:
769:, which divided the separate duchies between
30:"Gulik" redirects here. For the surname, see
27:State of the Holy Roman Empire (c. 1003–1794)
8:
139:
873:1003–1029 Gerhard I, Count in the Jülichgau
665:from Emperor Louis IV, and in 1356 Emperor
553:province), its population sharing the same
153:
2455:States and territories established in 1356
1916:
1676:
1662:
1654:
198:
131:
1408:Minister of War of the Kingdom of Bavaria
1398:Minister of War of the Kingdom of Bavaria
777:. Jülich and Berg fell to Count Palatine
758:in a personal union under Duke John III.
1769:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1459:Superior-General of the Society of Jesus
1242:
1232:
1222:
1212:
850:
1541:
1209:Notable people from the Duchy of Jülich
863:, edited by Willem and Joan Blaeu, 1645
791:Charles Theodore of Palatinate-Sulzbach
729:Reinald IV, Duke of Guelders and Jülich
879:1081–1128 Gerhard III, Count of Jülich
789:had died without issue in 1742, Count
1521:, physician and occultist (1515–1588)
1268:, painter, father of German sculptor
373:
360:
343:
312:
299:
289:
276:
272:
7:
1007:United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
756:United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
532:United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
2470:Former states in the Low Countries
1641:Map of the Duchy of Jülich in 1789
1426:in the Duchy of Jülich (1512–1594)
1394:Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille
1356:, revolutionary author (1809–1880)
1350:, traveller and writer (1471–1505)
970:, also Duke of Guelders since 1377
765:broke out. It ended with the 1614
537:Its territory lies in present-day
210:Duchy of Jülich highlighted in red
108:{{Translated|de|Herzogtum Jülich}}
25:
1599:. The Boydell Press. p. 209.
841:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
827:(after 1822 part of the Prussian
522:. The duchy amalgamated with the
2465:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire
2445:Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle
1692:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
1685:
1525:William I of Guelders and Jülich
722:William I of Guelders and Jülich
669:raised William V to the rank of
441:
416:
331:
206:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
184:
41:
1254:Rabbi Isaac ben Meir of Duren,
820:, the duchy became part of the
625:who had sided with German king
530:. Later it became part of the
487:) comprised a state within the
1304:Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
825:Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
495:river and was bordered by the
279:• Gerhard I, first count
106:You may also add the template
1:
797:) inherited Jülich and Berg.
283:
171:
1448:and maternal grandfather of
1338:community leader (1585–1642)
1046:Electorate of the Palatinate
957:(previously Count of Jülich)
763:War of the Jülich Succession
1457:, Jesuit priest, the tenth
1306:, mathematician (1805–1859)
1276:Gottfried Ludolf Camphausen
1044:, after 1690 also with the
1034:House of Wittelsbach, Dukes
839:, which became part of the
779:Wolfgang William of Neuburg
119:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
2486:
2137:Blankenheim and Gerolstein
775:Margraviate of Brandenburg
737:Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg
685:, whom he defeated at the
619:Siegfried II of Westerburg
70:Machine translation, like
29:
2346:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
2313:
1767:
1595:Vaughan, Richard (2009).
1436:, one of the most famous
1368:, noblewoman, Duchess of
1280:Prime Minister of Prussia
1278:, banker and politician,
831:), except for the cities
783:Elector of the Palatinate
545:) and in the present-day
395:
391:
273:
197:
181:
170:
56:the corresponding article
2440:History of the Rhineland
1562:"Jülich, Duchy of"
1471:(1000–1065 or 1082/1089)
1005:from 1521 a part of the
999:House of La Marck, Dukes
930:1393–1423 in Union with
714:Reginald III of Guelders
679:Wenceslaus of Luxembourg
667:Charles IV of Luxembourg
657:. Gerhard's younger son
349:
321:
2381:Unencircled territories
1568:Encyclopædia Britannica
1481:Carl Caspar von Siebold
1475:Johann Wilhelm Schirmer
1328:, economist (1810–1858)
1326:Hermann Heinrich Gossen
1040:in union with Berg and
710:Reginald II of Guelders
639:Louis IV of Wittelsbach
292:• Raised to duchy
117:For more guidance, see
1775:
1610:Haude, Sigrun (2000).
1342:Friedrich Joseph Haass
1250:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1048:, from 1777 also with
864:
641:at the nearby City of
588:
543:North Rhine-Westphalia
484:
476:
468:
154:
140:
1773:
1631:(Coll. Scotti) online
1477:, painter (1807–1863)
1404:Heinrich von der Mark
1362:, painter (1778–1850)
1246:
1236:
1226:
1216:
854:
600:Konrad von Hochstaden
584:
507:, around its capital
497:Electorate of Cologne
240:Common languages
90:copyright attribution
1614:. Brill. p. 72.
1390:, author (1595–1678)
1366:Maria of Jülich-Berg
1332:Herman op den Graeff
1316:sculptor (1520–1570)
888:1176–1207 William II
882:1128–1142 Gerhard IV
876:1029–1081 Gerhard II
857:Duchy of Jülich-Berg
802:Revolutionary France
752:County of Ravensberg
748:Maria of Jülich-Berg
687:Battle of Baesweiler
631:Albert I of Habsburg
499:to the east and the
2407: /
2360:Circles est. 1512:
2332:Circles est. 1500:
1694:(1500–1806) of the
1430:Jean-François Oeben
1165: •
885:1142–1176 William I
814:Treaty of Lunéville
718:House of Luxembourg
617:against Archbishop
615:Battle of Worringen
315:• United with
302:• United with
2328:
2321:
2317:
2074:Salm-Reifferscheid
1776:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1201: •
1197: •
1193: •
1189: •
1185: •
1181: •
1177: •
1173: •
1169: •
1161: •
1157: •
1153: •
1149: •
1145: •
1141: •
1137: •
1133: •
1129: •
1125: •
1121: •
1117: •
1113: •
1109: •
1105: •
1101: •
1097: •
1042:Palatinate-Neuburg
865:
787:Charles III Philip
771:Palatinate-Neuburg
744:John III of Cleves
635:Battle of Göllheim
629:against his rival
589:
363:• Annexed by
352:Palatinate-Neuburg
98:interlanguage link
2390:
2389:
2374:Electoral Rhenish
2330:status uncertain
2301:
2258:
2257:
2201:
2117:
2050:
2035:
2012:
2004:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1936:
1893:Nassau-Dillenburg
1879:
1871:
1762:
1754:
1716:
1696:Holy Roman Empire
1420:Gerardus Mercator
1320:Hendrick Goltzius
1310:Statius von Düren
1266:Carl Joseph Begas
1228:Hendrick Goltzius
793:(after 1777 also
611:John I of Brabant
605:William IV's son
489:Holy Roman Empire
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
437:Roer (department)
429:
428:
424:Lower Lotharingia
224:Holy Roman Empire
130:
129:
63:
16:(Redirected from
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2422:
2421:
2419:
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2417:
2412:
2411:50.917°N 6.350°E
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
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2329:
2323:without seat in
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2199:
2167:Kerpen-Lommersum
2115:
2048:
2033:
2010:
2002:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1934:
1917:
1877:
1869:
1811:Stavelot–Malmedy
1760:
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1678:
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1600:
1592:
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1581:Walther Möller,
1579:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1553:
1513:Johann von Werth
1485:academic surgery
1450:Eugène Delacroix
1442:, author of the
1348:Arnold von Harff
1290:Queen of England
1248:Johann von Werth
1083:Charles Theodore
1059:Wolfgang William
868:Counts of Jülich
767:Treaty of Xanten
733:Arnold of Egmond
501:Duchy of Limburg
485:Duché de Juliers
469:Herzogtum Jülich
445:
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141:Herzogtum Jülich
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76:Google Translate
61:
45:
44:
37:
21:
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2435:Duchy of Jülich
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1608:
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1597:Philip the Bold
1594:
1593:
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1576:
1555:
1554:
1543:
1538:
1465:Saint Irmgardis
1455:Goschwin Nickel
1360:Henriette Jügel
1211:
1127:Mönchengladbach
1091:
1071:John William II
1036:
1001:
944:from 1437 with
937:from 1423 with
926:
870:
849:
795:Duke of Bavaria
673:. His son Duke
655:Count William V
651:
627:Adolf of Nassau
623:Count Gerhard V
596:town privileges
586:Nideggen Castle
568:
563:
518:– in the lower
477:Hertogdom Gulik
461:Duchy of Jülich
442:
417:
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367:
354:
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347:
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327:
320:
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211:
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193:
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174:
166:
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155:Hertogdom Gulik
152:
145:
137:
136:Duchy of Jülich
126:
125:
124:
107:
101:
64:
46:
42:
35:
32:Gulik (surname)
28:
23:
22:
18:Hertogdom Gulik
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1808:
1806:Kornelimünster
1803:
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1785:
1779:
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1768:
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1763:
1755:
1747:
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1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1704:Prince-bishops
1700:
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1681:
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1673:
1666:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1643:
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1624:
1623:External links
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1602:
1587:
1574:
1559:, ed. (1911).
1557:Chisholm, Hugh
1540:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1507:Chrétien Urhan
1504:
1503:(c. 1535–1589)
1494:
1491:Friedrich Spee
1488:
1478:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1427:
1417:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1385:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1307:
1301:
1288:, noblewoman,
1286:Anne of Cleves
1283:
1273:
1270:Reinhold Begas
1263:
1262:(13th century)
1218:Anne of Cleves
1210:
1207:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1077:Charles Philip
1073:
1067:
1065:Philip William
1061:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1028:John William I
1024:
1018:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
964:
958:
925:
922:
921:
920:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
869:
866:
848:
845:
829:Rhine Province
706:County of Mark
650:
647:
576:Lower Lorraine
567:
564:
562:
559:
524:County of Berg
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
439:
430:
427:
426:
421:
409:
408:
403:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
375:
372:
371:
368:
362:
359:
358:
355:
346:• Held by
345:
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330:
328:
314:
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307:
301:
298:
297:
294:
291:
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261:
260:Historical era
257:
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217:
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203:
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26:
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14:
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2:
2482:
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2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2423:
2420:
2416:50.917; 6.350
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2354:(Lower) Saxon
2351:
2347:
2343:
2342:Upper Rhenish
2339:
2335:
2326:
2325:Imperial Diet
2312:
2306:
2303:
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2216:
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2207:
2198:
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2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
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2153:
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2148:
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2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1894:
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1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1865:
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1859:
1856:
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1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
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1828:
1822:
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1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1783:Prince-abbots
1780:
1772:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
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1718:
1713:
1710:
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1705:
1701:
1697:
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1679:
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1667:
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1652:
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1613:
1606:
1603:
1598:
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1563:
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1535:
1530:
1526:
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1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1445:Bureau du Roi
1441:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:Hermann Löher
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:Geilenkirchen
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
998:
994:
990:
988:
984:
982:
978:
976:
972:
969:
965:
963:
959:
956:
952:
951:
950:
948:
947:
941:
940:
934:
933:
923:
918:
914:
912:
908:
906:
902:
900:
896:
894:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
871:
867:
862:
858:
853:
846:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
742:In 1511 Duke
740:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
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656:
648:
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644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
587:
583:
579:
577:
574:of Jülich in
573:
565:
560:
558:
556:
552:
549:(part of the
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:
511:– the former
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
440:
438:
435:
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431:
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407:
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402:
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379:
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338:
334:
329:
326:
318:
308:
305:
295:
282:
269:
265:
262:
258:
255:
252:
248:
245:
242:
238:
235:
232:
228:
225:
221:
218:
214:
208:around 1560,
207:
201:
196:
187:
180:
169:
163:
156:
149:
142:
133:
120:
116:
113:
105:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
67:
66:
59:
57:
52:You can help
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2392:
2345:
2331:
2300:(until 1648)
2200:(until 1548)
2116:(until 1548)
2064:Reichenstein
2049:(until 1548)
2034:(until 1664)
2011:(until 1541)
2003:(until 1546)
2000:Manderscheid
1980:(until 1614)
1972:(until 1548)
1964:(until 1548)
1956:(until 1667)
1948:(until 1548)
1935:(until 1719)
1878:(until 1548)
1870:(until 1548)
1857:
1761:(until 1648)
1753:(until 1548)
1715:(until 1678)
1650:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1577:
1566:
1519:Johann Weyer
1497:Peter Stumpp
1443:
1437:
1434:cabinetmaker
1372:, mother of
1354:Karl Heinzen
1260:Shaarei Dura
1259:
1258:, author of
1123:Grevenbroich
1103:Münstereifel
1092:
1039:
1037:
1004:
1002:
943:
936:
929:
927:
860:
799:
760:
741:
726:
691:
652:
613:at the 1288
604:
590:
569:
536:
527:
515:
460:
458:
406:Succeeded by
405:
400:
191:Coat of arms
94:edit summary
85:
53:
2414: /
2370:Upper Saxon
2319:until 1648
2245:Spiegelberg
2218:Delmenhorst
2089:Tecklenburg
1953:East Frisia
1853:East Frisia
1637:, full text
1501:werewolfery
1487:(1736–1807)
1461:(1582–1664)
1414:Jacob Masen
1410:(1782–1865)
1400:(1774–1834)
1384:(1491–1543)
1370:Jülich-Berg
1300:(1515–1557)
1294:fourth wife
1282:(1803–1890)
1272:(1794–1854)
1075:1716–1742
968:William III
893:William III
855:map of the
806:département
785:from 1685)
700:as well as
547:Netherlands
528:Jülich-Berg
401:Preceded by
382:Netherlands
268:Renaissance
264:Middle Ages
204:Map of the
175: 1003
2429:Categories
2366:Burgundian
2350:Franconian
2315:from 1648
2228:Schaumburg
2172:Myllendonk
2157:Hallermund
2084:Schaumburg
2059:Ravensberg
2046:Overijssel
2031:Dillenburg
1932:Bronkhorst
1536:References
1527:, Duke of
1314:terracotta
1298:Henry VIII
1183:Waldfeucht
1167:Wassenberg
1155:Aldenhoven
1107:Euskirchen
1081:1742–1794
1069:1679–1716
1063:1653–1679
1057:1614–1653
1026:1592–1609
1020:1539–1592
1014:1511–1539
993:William IV
991:1475–1511
985:1437–1475
979:1423–1437
973:1402–1423
966:1393–1402
962:William II
960:1362–1393
953:1356–1361
946:Ravensberg
915:1328–1356
909:1297–1328
903:1278–1297
899:William IV
897:1219–1278
891:1207–1219
681:, Duke of
675:William II
592:William IV
555:Limburgish
376:• To
250:Government
2250:Steinfurt
2211:uncertain
2182:Schleiden
2162:Holzappel
2152:Gronsfeld
2125:From 1792
2108:Beilstein
2104:Winneburg
2094:Virneburg
2041:Oldenburg
1961:Groningen
1920:From 1500
1875:Luxemburg
1745:Paderborn
1740:Osnabrück
1439:ébénistes
1336:Mennonite
1171:Heinsberg
1143:Randerath
1022:William V
955:William I
917:William V
911:Gerhard V
689:in 1371.
557:dialect.
541:(part of
520:Rhineland
244:Ripuarian
112:talk page
58:in German
2362:Austrian
2334:Bavarian
2287:Duisburg
2282:Dortmund
2223:Fagnolle
2187:Wickrath
2177:Reckheim
2069:Rietberg
1969:Guelders
1940:Diepholz
1927:Bentheim
1867:Guelders
1839:Arenberg
1529:Guelders
1238:Mercator
1191:Susteren
1163:Monschau
1159:Heimbach
1151:Süchteln
1115:Bergheim
1111:Nideggen
932:Guelders
822:Prussian
818:Napoleon
800:In 1794
773:and the
704:and the
702:Guelders
663:margrave
516:Iuliacum
88:provide
2402:06°21′E
2399:50°55′N
2379:
2338:Swabian
2305:Warburg
2292:Herford
2277:Cologne
2197:Utrecht
2147:Gimborn
2113:Zutphen
2054:Pyrmont
2026:Hadamar
1945:Drenthe
1831:Secular
1801:Herford
1750:Utrecht
1735:Münster
1712:Cambrai
1424:Gangelt
1374:Sibylle
1203:Remagen
1199:Tegelen
1187:Sittard
1175:Gangelt
1147:Brüggen
1139:Linnich
1050:Bavaria
987:Gerhard
975:Reinald
837:Tegelen
833:Sittard
808:of the
683:Brabant
561:History
551:Limburg
539:Germany
378:Prussia
230:Capital
222:of the
110:to the
92:in the
2376:
2297:Verden
2272:Aachen
2264:Cities
2209:Status
2192:Wittem
2132:Anholt
2016:Nassau
1990:Lingen
1908:Counts
1898:Verden
1883:Minden
1858:Jülich
1844:Cleves
1821:Werden
1791:Corvey
1758:Verden
1730:Minden
1720:Corvey
1382:Amalia
1195:Sinzig
1135:Dülken
1131:Dahlen
1119:Kaster
1095:Jülich
1089:Cities
905:Walram
847:Rulers
812:. The
694:Cleves
659:Walram
643:Aachen
607:Walram
566:County
509:Jülich
481:French
465:German
365:France
317:Cleves
234:Jülich
216:Status
158:
148:German
144:
2238:Lippe
2233:Hesse
2142:Gemen
2008:Moers
1995:Lippe
1977:Horne
1912:Lords
1888:Moers
1846:with
1816:Thorn
1796:Essen
1725:Liège
1469:saint
1256:rabbi
1099:Düren
981:Adolf
924:Dukes
859:from
649:Duchy
513:Roman
493:Rhine
473:Dutch
254:Duchy
220:State
177:–1794
162:Dutch
72:DeepL
2106:and
2099:Wied
2079:Sayn
2021:Diez
1985:Hoya
1862:Berg
1848:Mark
1380:and
1378:Anne
1016:John
939:Berg
835:and
810:Roer
698:Berg
696:and
671:duke
459:The
387:1815
380:and
370:1794
357:1614
340:1521
325:Berg
323:and
309:1423
304:Berg
296:1356
286:1003
86:must
84:You
1296:of
724:.
572:gau
505:Rur
74:or
60:.
2431::
2372:,
2368:,
2364:,
2352:,
2348:,
2344:,
2340:,
2336:,
1910:/
1565:.
1544:^
1467:,
1432:,
1376:,
1334:,
1312:,
1292:,
1205:.
1038:–
1010:–
1003:–
949:—
942:,
935:,
928:—
843:.
534:.
483::
479:;
475::
471:;
467::
284:c.
266:,
172:c.
1860:–
1677:e
1670:t
1663:v
1052:–
463:(
337:→
164:)
160:(
150:)
146:(
121:.
114:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
