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108:, to their mutual benefit". The ulama had "a ready band" to take to the street to oppose what the ulama opposed, while "the lutis in turn had a protector with whom they could take refuge if the government moved against them." The Hezbollahi which appeared after the Islamic revolution, according to Momen, were "in fact only a new name for the street roughs who had always had a close relationship with the ulama", "who would take to the street and create agitation when it suited the ulama to call them out."
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Hezbollahi are said to "generally act without meaningful police restraint or fear of persecution," despite breaking the law by assaulting people and destroying property. They are said to have "played an important role on the street at crucial moments in the early days of the revolution by confronting
172:
on 18 April 1980, Khomeini harshly attacked the universities. `We are not afraid of economic sanctions or military intervention. What we are afraid of is
Western universities and the training of our youth in the interests of West or East.` His remarks served as a signal for an attack that evening on
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The
Hezbollahi is a wild torrent surpassing the imagination. He is a maktabi , disgusted with any leaning to the East or West. He has a pocketful of documents exposing the treason of those who pose as intellectuals. He is simple, sincere and angry. Stay away from his anger, which destroys all in its
185:"` Attacks continued April 21 and "the next day at the Universities at Ahwaz and Rasht. Over 20 people lost their lives in these university confrontations. ... The universities closed soon after the April confrontation for Islamization`. They were not to open for another two years."
153:
path. Khomeini is his heart and soul . ... The
Hezbollahi does not use eau de cologne, wear a tie or smoke American cigarettes. ... You might wonder where he gets his information. He is everywhere, serving your food, selling you ice-cream.
173:
the Tehran
Teachers Training College. One student was reportedly lynched, and according to a British correspondent, the campus was left looking like `a combat zone.` The next day, hezbollahis ransacked left-wing student offices at
64:
and his forces in consolidating power, initially by attacked demonstrations and offices of newspapers that were critical of
Khomeini. References in the media or writing are usually made to members of the groupâor
214:
fashion. Hezbollahi favor simple, non-fashionable, collared shirts that are never tucked into their pants; plain slacks (never jeans), and plain black shoes or slippers. A black and white
Palestinian-style
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Once political challenges to the regime had died down, Hezbollah attacks expanded to include a wide variety of activities found to be undesirable for "moral" or "cultural" reasons, such as
100:, the association between toughs and clerics became common during the era of weak government of the Qajar period, when "it became normal for the prominent" members of the
69:ârather than Hezbollah, as Hezbollah is/was not a tightly structured independent organisation, but more a movement of loosely bound groups, usually centered on a mosque.
194:
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In fact, the
Islamic Republican forces did supervise Hezbollah. Hojjat al-Islam Hadi Ghaffari, "a young protegee of Khomeini," being in charge of them.
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148:â denied connection to Hezbollah, and maintaining its attacks were the spontaneous will of the people over which the government had no control.
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115:, is generic, coming from the rallying cry used by its "members": "Only one partyâof Allah; only one leaderâRuhollah." The phrase
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The
Hezbollahi do not wear uniforms, but are said to be recognizable to Iranians by a familiar "look" that ignores
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177:. Some 300 students required hospital treatment. Attacks on student groups also took place at
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And whoever takes Allah and His apostle and those who believe for a guardian, then surely the
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in any town "to surround themselves with a band of the town's ruffians, known as
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Iran: Group known as Anssar-e
Hizbollah (Ansar/Anzar e Hezbollah) UNHCR 2007
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Iran: Group known as Anssar-e
Hizbollah (Ansar/Anzar e Hezbollah) UNHCR 2007
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Iran: Group known as Ansar-e Hizbollah (Ansar/Anzar e Hezbollah) UNHCR 2007
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56:'Party of God') is an Iranian movement formed at the time of the
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A definition of the Hezbollahi, given in a pamphlet published by the
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is commonly worn. A beard or three-day growth is almost always worn.
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In the early days of the Revolution, Khomeinists â those in the
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against secularists and modernists at Iran's universities.
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those the regime regarded as counter-revolutionaries."
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Niruyeh Moghavemat Basij Mobilisation Resistance Force
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19:For the Lebanese group with similar ideology, see
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134:... and Ruhollah was the first name of the
16:Iranian political and militant organization
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7:
340:, Yale University Press, 1985, p.293
327:, Yale University Press, 1985, p.199
127:are they that shall be triumphant.
119:came from a verse in the Quran ...
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160:Hezbollah was instrumental in the
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246:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
251:Islamic Revolutionary Committees
111:The name Hezbollah, or party of
449:Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah
338:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
325:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
1:
391:Ministry of Islamic Guidance
425:, W.W. Norton, (2005), p.89
406:The Reign of the Ayatollahs
162:Islamic Cultural Revolution
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496:
18:
456:Schirazi, Asghar (1997).
458:The Constitution of Iran
231:Islamic Republican Party
146:Islamic Republican Party
60:to assist the Ayatollah
440:Reign of the Ayatollahs
438:Bakhash, Shaul (1984).
351:Reign of the Ayatollahs
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92:History and activities
86:consumption of alcohol
451:. Thomas Dunne Books.
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96:According to scholar
447:Moin, Baqer (2000).
273:Constitution of Iran
198:People meeting with
183:Isfahan Universities
138:'s leader Ayatollah
82:mixing of the sexes
475:Iranian Revolution
210:and in particular
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136:Islamic Revolution
58:Iranian Revolution
236:Ansar-e Hezbollah
175:Shiraz University
140:Ruhollah Khomeini
62:Ruhollah Khomeini
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480:Islamism in Iran
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423:The Soul of Iran
421:Molavi, Afshin,
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442:. Basic Books.
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353:, (1984), p.67
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170:Friday prayers
125:party of Allah
117:party of Allah
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469:Categories
271:Schirazi,
257:References
190:Appearance
78:poor hijab
67:Hezbollahi
46:Ḥezbo'llÄh
460:. Tauris.
349:Bakhash,
40:romanized
27:Hezbollah
21:Hezbollah
378:Khomeini
225:See also
35:ŘزبâاŮŮŮ
412:, p.122
218:chafiye
212:Western
208:fashion
202:in 2001
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42::
31:Persian
376:Moin,
179:Mashad
168:After
241:Basij
113:Allah
106:lutis
102:ulama
363:5:56
181:and
84:and
52:lit.
408:by
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369:^
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