2033:) – also based on the supermax standards. It is the first federal prison in Brazil, designed to receive prisoners deemed too dangerous to be kept in the states' prison systems (in Brazil, ordinarily, both convicts sentenced by States' courts or by the Federal Judiciary fulfill their prison terms in state-run prisons; the Federal Prison System was created to handle only the most dangerous prisoners in Brazil, such as major drug lords, convicted either by the Federal Judiciary or by the judiciary of a state).
822:
2004:(differentiated disciplinary regime), known by the acronym RDD, and strongly based on the Supermax standard, was created primarily to handle inmates who are considered capable of continuing to run their crime syndicate or to order criminal actions from within the prison system, when confined in normal maximum security prisons that allow contact with other inmates. Since its inception, the following prisons were prepared for the housing of RDD inmates:
579:, a supermax facility, was $ 32,383, compared with the annual inmate cost of $ 18,549 at the Colorado Correctional Center, a maximum-security prison; the cost of the latter facility being just 57% of the former. The increased cost is due to the technology needed to further maintain a supermax: high-security doors, fortified walls, and sophisticated electronic systems, and because more people must be hired to maintain the buildings and facilities.
360:
5201:
833:
641:
848:
299:, also known as Piranhão. Previously, high-risk inmates were housed at a prison on Anchieta Island; however, that closed down after a bloody massacre. At Taubaté, inmates spent 23 hours of a day in solitary confinement and spent 30 minutes a day with a small group of seven to ten inmates. Ill-treatment of inmates occurred on a daily basis, causing major psychological impairment.
699:
600:
455:
40:
100:, "a supermax is a stand-alone unit or part of another facility and is designated for violent or disruptive incarcerated individuals. It typically involves up to 23-hour-per-day, solitary confinement for an indefinite period of time. Those incarcerated in supermax housing have minimal contact with staff and other inmates", a definition confirmed by a majority of
5213:
390:, argued for a new type of prison to isolate uncontrollable inmates who "show absolutely no concern for human life". USP Marion became the first "supermax" prison where inmates were isolated for 23 hours in their cells. By 1999, the United States contained at least 57 supermax facilities, spread across 30–34 states.
559:
There is no set definition of a supermax prison; however, the United States
Department of Justice and the National Institute of Corrections do agree on their purpose: "these units have basically the same function: to provide long-term, segregated housing for inmates classified as the highest security
341:
The
British government formed the Control Review Committee in 1984 to allow for regulating long-term disruptive prisoners. The committee proposed special units (called CRC units) which were formally introduced in 1989 to control for highly-disruptive prisoners to be successfully reintegrated. Yet a
337:
in
England and Wales has had a long history in controlling prisoners that are high-risk. Prisoners are categorized into four main classifications (A, B, C, D) with A being "highly dangerous" with a high risk of escaping to category D in which inmates "can be reasonably trusted in open conditions."
3763:
3744:
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gained notoriety in the prison system and had new members joining within the prisons. Riots were a common occurrence and the gang culture became uncontrollable, leading authorities to pass the controversial Regime
Disciplinar Diferenciado (RDD), a culture founded from disciplinary punishment.
259:
to the supermax standard. While its condition is an improvement over that of
Katingal of the 1970s, this new facility is nonetheless designed on the same principle of sensory deprivation. It has been set up for 'AA' prisoners who have been deemed a risk to public safety and the instruments of
163:
The amount of programming for those in prison varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Certain jurisdictions provide entertainment for their incarcerated population in the form of television, educational and self-help programs. Others provide instructors who speak through the cell door to
2303:, detained in self-contained sections, each with 4 cells, a small courtyard and a video-conference room where they can be interrogated and undergo trials without leaving the prison. This specially-designed supermax has been built to replace the old maximum-security prison of the
479:
However, it is best known for housing several inmates who have been deemed either too dangerous, too high-profile or too great a national security risk for even a maximum-security prison. They include several prisoners convicted of domestic and international terrorism, such as
199:
comprehensive study suggested that supermax prisons constitute "torture under international law" and "cruel and unusual punishment under the U.S. Constitution". In 2012, a federal class action suit against the
Federal Bureau of Prisons and officials who run ADX Florence SHU
350:
has a High-Security Unit that can hold up to 48 prisoners. The prisoners are those of greatest risk of escape, terrorism, radicalising other prisoners or continuing organised crime from within the prison. Belmarsh was
Britain's strictest prison in the United Kingdom.
2550:– houses up to 500 of the most dangerous criminals in the UK. It has a unit known as the 'Close Supervision Centre' which is referred to as a "Prison inside a Prison". It has a special unit for prisoners with Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorders.
3753:. 29 June 1999. A1. Retrieved on 27 November 2010. "Clifford Dwayne Jones' escape from the Estelle High-Security Unit on Sunday afternoon was the first from a Texas prison this year and the first from the "super max" lockup, as the unit is called."
374:, opened in 1934, has been considered a prototype and early standard for a supermax prison. A push for supermax prisons began in 1983, after two correctional officers, Merle Clutts and Robert Hoffman, were stabbed to death by inmates at
183:
cameras. Cell doors are usually opaque, while the cells may be windowless. Furnishings are plain, with poured concrete or metal furniture. Cell walls, and sometimes plumbing, may be soundproofed to prevent communication between people.
132:: supermax prisons rely heavily on intensive (and long-term) solitary confinement, which is used to isolate and punish prisoners as well as to protect them from themselves and each other. Communication with outsiders is minimal to none.
164:
individuals who are incarcerated. Some jurisdictions provide no programming to its incarcerated population. In a supermax, incarcerated people are generally allowed out of their cells for only one hour a day (one-and-a-half hours in
159:
or the leader of a radical movement. These decisions are made as administrative protection measures and the prisoners in a supermax are deemed by correctional workers as a threat to the safety and security of the institution itself.
168:
state prisons). Exercise is done in indoor spaces or small, secure, outdoor spaces, usually alone or in a pair and always watched by correctional officers. Group exercise is offered only to those who are in transition programs.
3731:
In corrections parlance, Five Points is known as a "super-max." It was built 15 years ago and the modular cell units were hauled to the rural prison site two at a time on flatbed trucks and bolted together end-to-end to form a
476:. It houses numerous inmates who have a history of violent behavior in other prisons, with the goal of moving them from solitary confinement (up to 23 hours a day) to a less restrictive prison within three years.
3352:
251:
concerns. Since then, some maximum-security prisons have gone to full lockdown as well, while others have been built and dedicated to the supermax standard. In
September 2001, the Australian state of
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155:
Those who are in a supermax prison are placed not as a punishment of their crimes but by their previous history when incarcerated or based on reliable evidence of an impending disruption, such as a
1410:
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The objective is to provide long-term, segregated housing for inmates classified as the highest security risks in the prison system and those who pose an extremely serious threat to both
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wrote that there was no universal, agreed upon definition for "supermax" and that prisons are classified inconsistently. They identified four general features of supermax prisons:
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In 1985, the state government of São Paulo created an annex to a psychiatric penitentiary hospital meant to house the most violent inmates of the region and established the
2019:) – inspired by the supermax standards, although prisoners can only stay there for a maximum of 2 years. Is a part of the prison system of the Brazilian State of São Paulo.
2890:
1138:
192:
527:
However, many states now have created supermax prisons, either as stand-alone facilities or as secure units within lower-security prisons. State supermax prisons include
3899:
2568:– High Security Prison with a 'Close Supervision Centre'. It is nicknamed "The Monster Mansion" due to the many high-profile convicted murderers incarcerated there.
2299:, Sardinia. The only Italian prison specially designed and built as a Supermax, housing about 90 super-high security criminals all subject to the provisions of the
1768:
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Riveland, C. (1999) Supermax prisons: overview and general considerations. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of
Justice, National Institute of Corrections
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Mears, Daniel P. "Evaluating the
Effectiveness of Super max Prisons." PsycEXTRA Dataset (2006): n. pag. NCJRS, Jan. 2006. Web. 22 November 2015.
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401:. Other supermax prisons that have gained notoriety for their harsh conditions and attendant litigation by inmates and advocates are the former
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block with 40 prison cells having electronically operated doors, surveillance cameras, and no windows. It was closed down two years later over
187:
Supermax and Security Housing Unit (SHU) prisons are controversial. One criticism is that the living conditions in such facilities violate the
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Compared to a maximum security facility, supermax prisons cost about three times more on average. The 1999 average annual cost for inmates at
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2008:
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322:, Germany, opened as a supermax-style prison in 1964, with an additional wing built in 1975 to house members of the far-left militant
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Most of these facilities only contain supermax wings or sections, with other parts of the facility under lesser security measures.
709:
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4003:
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Another 10 Italian prisons have Supermax sections housing 41-bis inmates, besides the ordinary detention facilities, as follows:
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1045:
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613:
451:) in 2005 where the Court decided that there had to be some, but only very limited, due process involved in supermax placement.
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Long-term: once transferred to a supermax prison, incarcerated individuals tend to stay there for several years or indefinitely.
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Pizarro, Jesenia; Stenius, Vanja M. K. (June 2004). "Supermax Prisons: Their Rise, Current Practices, and Effect on Inmates".
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1956:
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District Prison – The largest Supermax section in Italy, housing over 150 inmates. Contains a section for female prisoners.
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Throughout the 1990s, and the early-2000s, Brazil faced major challenges with gang structures within its prisons. The gang
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series of escapes, riots, and investigations by authorities saw the units come to a close in 1998. They were replaced by
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have ample authority to punish and manage incarcerated individuals, without outside review or prisoner grievance systems.
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1435:(Although Oak Park Heights is classified as a Supermax, the majority of inmates are not housed in solitary confinement)
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1305:
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547:(COR) is a hybrid model, incorporating a supermax partition, housing or having housed high-security prisoners such as
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2022:
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2757: – Full Supermax prison, the highest level of security in Australia – 75-bed centre, (
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4564:
4132:
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2652:
2514:– High Security Prison with a special unit for prisoners suffering from Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorders.
2438:– High Security Prison with a special unit for prisoners suffering from Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorders.
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Al-Muwaqqar II Correctional and Rehabilitation Center is a super-maximum security prison with 240 cells in
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3382:, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1999. Cf. Chapter 35, p.252, "Supermaximum Facilities", by David A. Ward.
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3772:. 23 February 2000. "A prison guard held hostage by two execution-bound killers inside Texas'``super max
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1502:
1031:
1009:
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489:
3311:
Crews, Angela West (2013). "The Growth of the Supermax Option in Britain". In Ross, Jeffrey Ian (ed.).
2151:) There are 25 maximum security cells located in the prison of the central police station of Copenhagen
2026:
393:
In recent years a number of U.S. states have downgraded their supermax prisons, as has been done with
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543:, the original model for the modern supermax prison, was downgraded to a medium-security prison. The
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3624:
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2181:– Sweden – All three prisons have a similar security unit called Fenix, which can house 24 inmates.
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1978:
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1534:
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Building a supermax prison, or even retrofitting an existing prison, is expensive. Construction of
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402:
3278:
Ross, Jeffrey Ian; West Crew, Angela West (2013). "The Growth of the Supermax Option in Britain".
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473:
347:
108:
4242:
3353:"Close Supervision Centres – a well run system which contains dangerous men safely and decently"
3237:
de Jesus Filho, José (2013). "The Rise of the Supermax in Brazil". In Ross, Jeffrey Ian (ed.).
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2202:– correctional facility in Sol-Iletsk, Orenburg Oblast, Russia, also known as Black Dolphin.
2134:
2130:
2081:
1866:
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81:
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which serve to hold the prisoners requiring the highest security in that state including
3079:
http://www2.nycbar.org/pdf/report/uploads/20072165-TheBrutalityofSupermaxConfinement.pdf
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521:
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500:, who separately attempted to detonate explosives on a commercial airplane flight; and
383:
211:
3492:
Supermax Prisons and the Constitution: Liability Concerns in the Extended Control Unit
3204:
Ross, Jeffrey Ian; de Jesus Filho, José (2013). "The Rise of the Supermax in Brazil".
5232:
4760:
4480:
4469:
4270:
3787:"L'isola dei reclusi: ecco il carcere durissimo (e segreto) per 90 superboss mafiosi"
3010:
2968:
2575:
2386:
2347:
2093:
2051:) – the second of two Brazilian Federal prisons based on the supermax specifications.
1964:
1715:
1520:
1359:
995:
583:
485:
269:
244:
112:
101:
3609:
2532:– High Security Prison. Holds some of the UK's most dangerous and violent criminals.
2110:) – One of the most secure prisons in Europe, protected full time by members of the
832:
17:
4962:
4923:
4587:
4571:
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death row" and "Tuesday deep inside the maximum-security Terrell Unit just outside"
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43:
2733:. It is designed to hold incorrigibly violent inmates in separate isolation cells.
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4739:
4707:
4580:
4541:
4534:
4427:
4406:
4367:
4328:
4256:
4104:
3059:
2689:) – Large maximum security prison with around 17,000–20,000 convicted prisoners.
2686:
2647:
2622:
2499:
2313:
2174:
1451:
1097:
1072:
United States Penitentiary, Administrative Maximum Facility (USP Florence ADMAX)
947:
640:
280:
156:
69:
is a "control-unit" prison, or a unit within prisons, which represents the most
346:(CSC). It was reported to hold 60 of the most dangerous men in the UK in 2015.
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4455:
4291:
4277:
4263:
4228:
4125:
4046:
3654:
3256:
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2737:
2722:– Russian maximum-security prison for convicts sentenced to life imprisonment.
2716:– Russian maximum-security prison for convicts sentenced to life imprisonment.
2639:
2503:
2144:
2103:
2071:
Establecimiento Penitenciario de Alta y Mediana Seguridad de Girón EPAMSGIRON.
1538:
1035:
1022:
999:
986:
973:
532:
464:
There is only one of the America's strictest supermax prison remaining in the
326:. At the time, it was considered one of the most secure prisons in the world.
165:
136:
3601:
3553:
3338:
3330:
3297:
3264:
3223:
2994:
4388:
3979:"The Commandos Fact File From Inside The Gangsters' Code on DiscoveryUK.com"
2700:
2557:
2225:
2218:
2085:
1982:
1812:
1619:
1432:
1377:
1345:
1332:
454:
406:
319:
273:
228:
140:
39:
2165:) – High Security Prison. Holds many of Denmark's most dangerous criminals.
3036:
4143:
4111:
3508:
3466:
3461:
2860:
2741:
2659:
2600:
2525:
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1381:
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1216:
1203:
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1175:
1079:
1066:
1053:
955:
430:
418:
206:, Civil Action 1:12-cv-01570) alleged chronic abuse, failure to properly
172:
Prisoners receive their meals through ports in the doors of their cells.
260:
government and civil order or are believed to be beyond rehabilitation.
27:
Most secure levels of custody in the prison systems of certain countries
4201:
4173:
4152:
3900:"Nel carcere di Parma 625 detenuti: 127 sono ergastolani; 67 al 41 bis"
3002:
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2561:
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2507:
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2409:
2375:
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2148:
1262:
1248:
1234:
1128:
1115:
937:
924:
911:
893:
665: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4374:
4212:
2971:(2001). "The Purposes, Practices, and Problems of Supermax Prisons".
2726:
2682:
2668:
2521:
2405:
2351:
2325:
2271:
2252:
2233:
2214:
2199:
2068:) – follows supermax specifications, hosts terrorists and drug lords.
2048:
2030:
2016:
1719:
1294:
1280:
240:
70:
66:
2586:– High Security Prison with a specialist 'Close Supervision Centre'.
727:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4047:
The Resistable (sic) Rise and Predictable Fall of the U.S. Supermax
3121:"Final release for Katingal, misguided experiment in extreme jails"
2986:
5126:
4159:
2618:
2614:
2596:
2363:
2344:– About 60 inmates - also contains a section for female prisoners.
2331:
2319:
2307:
island, the so-called "Italian Alcatraz", that was closed in 2002.
2275:
2125:
1857:
1844:
1830:
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820:
453:
358:
38:
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2341:
1884:
1683:
1586:
438:
195:'s proscription against "cruel and unusual" punishments. A 2011
180:
4062:
2282:, commonly known as Black Eagle. The prison was closed in 2019.
243:. Dubbed the "electronic zoo" by inmates, Katingal was a super-
4809:
Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted
3625:"The Special Handling Unit - High Security, Special Expertise"
842:
692:
634:
593:
3723:"Prison escapee David Sweat severely isolated, controlled in"
2207:
penal colony № 2 with special conditions of economic activity
812:. Full supermax and the only facility of this kind in Mexico.
582:
ADX Florence is one of the strictest supermax prisons in the
2133:– German High Security Prison, partly purpose-built to keep
1178:(Downgraded to a medium-security facility in September 2006)
524:
and the world's most powerful drug lord, convicted in 2019.
135:
Very limited activities: few opportunities are provided for
2744:– Supermax facility being opened in the first half of 2014.
2636:
Gyeongbuk Northern the Second Correctional Center (Prison)
366:
is a historical prototype of the supermax prison standard.
3813:"Carcere L'Aquila, record italiano di detenuti al 41bis"
3093:"An American Gulag: Descending into Madness at Supermax"
227:
An early form of supermax-style prison unit appeared in
3029:
Supermax: Controlling Risk Through Solitary Confinement
1411:
Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Cedar Junction
859:
716:
147:, or other activities generally considered healthy and
73:
of custody in the prison systems of certain countries.
2383:
Another Supermax section was closed down during 2018.
2262:
Federal Governmental Institution — penal colony № 56 "
1393:(final housing unit began operation in summer of 2008)
791:) – Houses Canada's most dangerous and violent inmates
210:
prisoners, and neglect of prisoners who are seriously
122:
Powerful administration: supermax administrators and
4037:
Recording Carceral Landscapes: Security Housing Unit
2876:
Incarceration in the United States (security levels)
2009:
Presidente Bernardes Provisional Readaptation Center
1316:(the only prison in Kentucky housing supermax units)
5004:
4972:
4947:
4800:
4604:
4519:
4479:
4398:
4345:
4220:
4211:
4142:
4096:
3379:
Prison and Jail Administration: Practice and Theory
2891:Prisoner security categories in the United Kingdom
1425:Minnesota Correctional Facility - Oak Park Heights
1139:Georgia Diagnostic and Classification State Prison
3874:"Carceri nelle quali ci sono sezioni di "41 bis""
3764:Death row inmates free guard, meet with activists
2811: – 18-cell Maximum Security Unit (
2378:District Prison "Mammagialla" – About 50 inmates.
268:also operates the Acacia and Melaleuca units at
5149:United Kingdom and British overseas territories
2944:Evaluating the Effectiveness of Supermax Prisons
1865:High Security Expansion Cellblock "super seg" —
297:Penitentiary of Rehabilitation Center of Taubaté
3462:"Just how bad are American 'supermax' prisons?"
3179:"Inside the walls of SuperMax prison, Goulburn"
2767: – Special Handling Unit (SHU) (
287:, who was murdered in the Acacia unit in 2010.
30:"Supermax" redirects here. For other uses, see
3711:. 18 August 2008. Retrieved on 10 August 2010.
3241:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 130–135.
3208:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 130–132.
2096:that was converted into a high-security prison
4074:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2192:Penal colony № 6 Federal Penitentiary Service
917:ASPC-Eyman, Browning Unit (Previously SMU II)
8:
3460:Clare, Sean; Nasaw, Daniel (10 April 2012).
3433:"Isolating the Menace In a Sterile Supermax"
3390:
3388:
3315:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 49–66.
3282:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 51–60.
2821: – 12-cell Supermax Section (
4004:"Prison troublemakers face 'supermax' unit"
992:United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island
628:Learn how and when to remove these messages
175:People in these prisons are under constant
4831:International Network of Prison Ministries
4217:
4081:
4067:
4059:
3542:"Inside America's Toughest Federal Prison"
3376:Carlson, Peter M.; Garrett, Judith Simon,
3143:
3141:
2919:Equivalent to over $ 110 million in 2021.
839:houses State of Mississippi supermax units
572:cost $ 60 million when it opened in 1994.
372:United States Penitentiary Alcatraz Island
3703:George Bell III Transferred from Parchman
2841: – 12-cell Supermax Unit (
2607:) – for violent and disruptive prisoners.
761:Learn how and when to remove this message
743:Learn how and when to remove this message
681:Learn how and when to remove this message
555:Cost-benefit analysis of supermax prisons
4657:Mentally ill people in the United States
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3062:– California's Security Housing Units.
2883:the Italian high security treatment for
2295:District Prison "Giovanni Bacchiddu" at
2092:) a 17th-century fortress built against
1769:State Correctional Institution – Phoenix
1028:Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility
3081:– The Brutality of Supermax Confinement
2931:
2912:
2621:) – Supermax prison located inside the
2360:Detention Structure – About 80 inmates.
1756:State Correctional Institution – Greene
4910:Prison Officers' Association (Ireland)
3951:Strocchia, Raffaele (7 January 2020).
1805:Riverbend Maximum Security Institution
3581:
3579:
3490:Collins, William C. (November 2004).
3313:The Globalization of Supermax Prisons
3280:The globalization of supermax prisons
3239:The Globalization of Supermax Prisons
3206:The globalization of supermax prisons
2777: – 8 cell Tamar Unit (
2389:District Prison at Marino del Tronto.
1387:North Branch Correctional Institution
7:
5212:
3953:"Mammagialla, 49 detenuti al 41 bis"
3022:
3020:
2937:
2935:
2350:District Prison "Pasquale Mandato",
1402:Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center
828:houses State of Texas supermax units
663:adding citations to reliable sources
564:Costs of operating a supermax prison
4032:California's Security Housing Units
3635:(2). Correctional Service of Canada
2801: – Charlotte unit (
2707:era, now under the jurisdiction of
2703:– Supermax prison built during the
2372:District Prison – About 24 inmates.
2366:District Prison – About 24 inmates.
2334:District Prison – About 70 inmates.
2328:District Prison – About 90 inmates.
2322:District Prison – About 90 inmates.
2243:Federal Governmental Institution —
2224:Federal Governmental Institution —
2205:Federal Governmental Institution —
1273:United States Disciplinary Barracks
1227:Wabash Valley Correctional Facility
1006:California Correctional Institution
560:risks in a state’s prison system."
203:Bacote v. Federal Bureau of Prisons
4042:Supermax lockup for spammer Rizler
3623:Amellal, Djamila (December 2006).
2823:Hume, Australian Capital Territory
2259:, commonly known as the Snowflake.
2240:, commonly known as the Polar Owl.
2137:terrorists in the 1970s and 1980s.
1562:Essex County Correctional Facility
1513:New Hampshire State Prison for Men
1463:Jefferson City Correctional Center
1150:Idaho Maximum Security Institution
25:
3785:Abbate, Lirio (2 February 2015).
2843:Alice Springs, Northern Territory
2839:Alice Springs Correctional Centre
2416:– many of the terrorists of the
2037:Campo Grande Federal Penitentiary
2002:"regime disciplinar diferenciado"
1975:Wisconsin Secure Program Facility
1787:Kirkland Correctional Institution
1607:Five Points Correctional Facility
1490:South Central Correctional Center
1090:Northern Correctional Institution
609:This section has multiple issues.
545:California State Prison, Corcoran
512:, convicted of espionage for the
411:Wisconsin Secure Program Facility
304:Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC)
94:National Institute of Corrections
5211:
5200:
5199:
3431:Vick, Karl (30 September 2007).
3395:Taylor, Michael (23 June 2011).
2709:Ministry of Law and Human Rights
2418:2006 transatlantic aircraft plot
2155:The State Prison of East Jutland
2124:– Dutch High Security prison in
1877:Utah State Correctional Facility
1664:Polk Correctional Institution –
1046:Centennial Correctional Facility
846:
697:
639:
598:
590:Prisons with supermax facilities
508:. Other notable inmates include
4981:Countries by incarceration rate
4894:Prison Fellowship International
3721:Grondahl, Paul (24 July 2015).
3540:Binelli, Mark (26 March 2015).
3357:www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk
2942:Mears, Daniel P. (March 2006).
2209:of the main directorate of the
2023:Catanduvas Federal Penitentiary
2013:Presidente Bernardes, São Paulo
1633:Southport Correctional Facility
1620:Sing Sing Correctional Facility
1499:Chillicothe Correctional Center
1297:(downgraded to medium security)
1241:Westville Correctional Facility
789:Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec
650:needs additional citations for
617:or discuss these issues on the
441:facility were the subject of a
3091:Cohen, Andrew (18 June 2012).
2831: – G Division (
2238:Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
1957:Mt. Olive Correctional Complex
1444:Mississippi State Penitentiary
837:Mississippi State Penitentiary
397:, a former supermax prison in
1:
3745:Hunt is on for escaped killer
1939:Washington State Penitentiary
1835:Estelle High Security Unit –
1647:Upstate Correctional Facility
1481:Southeast Correctional Center
1374:Chesapeake Detention Facility
88:Characteristics and practices
4873:Prison Advice and Care Trust
3932:(in Italian). September 2010
3906:(in Italian). 16 August 2020
3880:(in Italian). 7 January 2020
3845:(in Italian). 7 January 2020
3839:"Cuneo - Casa circondariale"
3819:(in Italian). 7 January 2020
3656:Maximum Security | Hard Time
3177:Watson, Rhett (9 May 2009).
3119:Kennedy, Les (19 May 2004).
2881:Article 41-bis prison regime
2809:Brisbane Correctional Centre
2755:Goulburn Correctional Centre
2731:Correction centers in Jordan
2301:Article 41-bis prison regime
2268:Federal Penitentiary Service
2249:Federal Penitentiary Service
2230:Federal Penitentiary Service
2211:Federal Penitentiary Service
1598:Attica Correctional Facility
1587:Bureau Classification System
1325:Louisiana State Penitentiary
886:Holman Correctional Facility
437:. Placement policies at the
335:His Majesty's Prison Service
257:Goulburn Correctional Centre
237:Long Bay Correctional Centre
5244:Law enforcement terminology
3401:The San Francisco Chronicle
2833:Northfield, South Australia
2819:Alexander Maconochie Centre
2785:His Majesty's Prison Barwon
2221:, also known as White Swan.
1694:Oklahoma State Penitentiary
1583:Santa Fe County, New Mexico
1306:Kentucky State Penitentiary
1059:Colorado State Penitentiary
723:the claims made and adding
577:Colorado State Penitentiary
5260:
5205:Imprisonment and detention
4133:Stanford prison experiment
3527:"CPI Inflation Calculator"
1921:United States Penitentiary
1895:Wallens Ridge State Prison
1852:(formerly Terrell Unit) –
1823:United States Penitentiary
1743:United States Penitentiary
1730:United States Penitentiary
1576:Penitentiary of New Mexico
1472:Potosi Correctional Center
1338:United States Penitentiary
1287:United States Penitentiary
1255:United States Penitentiary
1209:United States Penitentiary
1196:Menard Correctional Center
1168:United States Penitentiary
1108:United States Penitentiary
966:United States Penitentiary
930:United States Penitentiary
520:, the head of the Mexican
466:U.S. federal prison system
423:Wallens Ridge State Prison
395:Wallens Ridge State Prison
189:United States Constitution
29:
5194:
4866:Prison abolition movement
4824:Florida Justice Institute
3769:Austin American-Statesman
3750:Austin American-Statesman
3677:"Inside Maximum Security"
3513:usinflationcalculator.com
3125:The Sydney Morning Herald
2759:Goulburn, New South Wales
2736:Khao Bin Central Prison,
1712:Oregon State Penitentiary
1182:Tamms Correctional Center
518:Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán
504:, convicted for the 2013
498:Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab
388:Federal Bureau of Prisons
344:Close Supervision Centres
255:opened a facility in the
32:Supermax (disambiguation)
4917:The Prison Phoenix Trust
4361:Administrative detention
4049:by Stephen F. Eisenman,
3930:polizia.penitenziaria.it
3602:10.1177/0032885504265080
2769:Perth, Western Australia
2062:Penitenciaría de Cómbita
1589:– Level 6 being Supermax
1544:East Jersey State Prison
1467:Jefferson City, Missouri
1406:Lancaster, Massachusetts
1015:High Desert State Prison
979:Pelican Bay State Prison
197:New York Bar Association
145:substance abuse programs
98:United States government
4995:Films featuring prisons
4852:Mount Tamalpais College
4506:Prisoner-of-war escapes
4236:Corrective labor colony
3066:10 October 2006 at the
3027:Shalev, Sharon (2009).
2896:F-type Prisons (Turkey)
2695:Correctional Facility,
2474:– High Security Prison.
2456:– High Security Prison.
1676:Ohio State Penitentiary
1531:New Jersey State Prison
1476:Mineral Point, Missouri
506:Boston Marathon bombing
435:Ohio State Penitentiary
399:Big Stone Gap, Virginia
245:maximum security prison
235:" was built inside the
4629:Contemplative programs
4336:Youth detention center
4188:Prisoner of conscience
3397:"The Last Worst Place"
2492:– High Security Prison
2114:. Held many convicted
1908:Red Onion State Prison
1850:Allan B. Polunsky Unit
1666:Butner, North Carolina
1548:Woodbridge, New Jersey
1415:Walpole, Massachusetts
1002:(Closed 21 March 1963)
840:
829:
826:Allan B. Polunsky Unit
539:in Illinois. In 2006,
488:, who perpetrated the
461:
415:Red Onion State Prison
386:, the director of the
367:
59:administrative maximum
51:super-maximum security
46:
4880:Prison-Ashram Project
3037:10.4324/9781843927136
2779:Risdon Vale, Tasmania
2775:Risdon Prison Complex
2540:March, Cambridgeshire
2420:are imprisoned there.
2141:Politigårdens Fængsel
1553:Northern State Prison
1503:Chillicothe, Missouri
1329:West Feliciana Parish
1192:(Closed January 2013)
1010:Tehachapi, California
835:
824:
785:Special Handling Unit
490:Oklahoma City Bombing
457:
362:
124:correctional officers
42:
5064:Ireland, Republic of
4754:Solitary confinement
4315:Prisoner-of-war camp
3151:(17 November 2005).
2901:Black Dolphin Prison
2871:Solitary confinement
2829:Yatala Labour Prison
2813:Brisbane, Queensland
2112:Irish Defence Forces
1485:Charleston, Missouri
1391:Cumberland, Maryland
1121:Florida State Prison
860:adding missing items
659:improve this article
376:Federal Penitentiary
262:Corrections Victoria
191:, specifically, the
130:Solitary confinement
18:High security prison
4931:Prison Reform Trust
3438:The Washington Post
3415:Wilkinson v. Austin
3183:The Daily Telegraph
2803:Truganina, Victoria
2799:Port Phillip Prison
2354:– About 24 inmates.
2226:penal colony No. 18
1643:(Closed March 2022)
802:Penal del Altiplano
448:Wilkinson v. Austin
107:In 2001, academics
96:, an agency of the
4938:WriteAPrisoner.com
4701:Protective custody
4250:Extermination camp
4181:Political prisoner
3589:The Prison Journal
3546:The New York Times
3060:PrisonActivist.org
2787: –
2245:penal colony No. 6
2045:Mato Grosso do Sul
2027:Catanduvas, Paraná
1566:Newark, New Jersey
1557:Newark, New Jersey
1356:Maine State Prison
858:; you can help by
841:
830:
806:Almoloya de Juarez
708:possibly contains
474:Florence, Colorado
462:
443:U.S. Supreme Court
368:
348:HM Prison Belmarsh
47:
5226:
5225:
5162:England and Wales
4902:Prison Legal News
4887:Prison Fellowship
4845:Justice Defenders
4515:
4514:
4119:Prison healthcare
3420:Link to case text
2974:Crime and Justice
2340:District Prison,
2280:Sverdlovsk Oblast
2100:Portlaoise Prison
1837:W.J. Estelle Unit
1773:Skippack Township
1494:Licking, Missouri
1283:(military prison)
904:ASPC-Eyman, SMU I
876:
875:
771:
770:
763:
753:
752:
745:
710:original research
691:
690:
683:
632:
502:Dzhokhar Tsarnaev
409:), now named the
151:at other prisons.
92:According to the
16:(Redirected from
5251:
5239:Supermax prisons
5219:
5215:
5214:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5187:
5178:
5171:
5169:Northern Ireland
5164:
5157:
5150:
5145:
5138:
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5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
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5038:
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4680:
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4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
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4416:
4409:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4375:Maximum security
4370:
4363:
4356:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
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3760:
3754:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3718:
3712:
3699:
3693:
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3688:
3683:on 5 August 2015
3679:. Archived from
3673:
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3663:
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3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3620:
3614:
3613:
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3109:
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3051:
3050:
3024:
3015:
3014:
2964:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2939:
2920:
2917:
2765:Casuarina Prison
2644:Gyeongsangbuk-do
2486:Northern Ireland
2135:Red Army Faction
2131:Stammheim Prison
2082:Leopoldov Prison
1867:Woodville, Texas
1602:Attica, New York
1448:Sunflower County
1429:Oak Park Heights
1277:Fort Leavenworth
871:
868:
850:
849:
843:
766:
759:
748:
741:
737:
734:
728:
725:inline citations
701:
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686:
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675:
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666:
643:
635:
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602:
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380:Marion, Illinois
324:Red Army Faction
316:Stammheim Prison
279:figures such as
264:in the state of
193:Eighth Amendment
21:
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5258:
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4782:Women in prison
4780:
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4722:
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4706:
4699:
4690:
4685:Private prisons
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4346:Security levels
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4195:Prisoner of war
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4055:, November 2009
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3983:discoveryuk.com
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2914:
2909:
2856:List of prisons
2852:
2789:Barwon Supermax
2751:
2665:Al Hayer Prison
2632:
2611:Scorpion Prison
2593:
2398:
2289:
2257:Khabarovsk Krai
2188:
2122:Nieuw Vosseveld
2078:
2058:
2000:In Brazil, the
1998:
1993:
1854:West Livingston
1783:South Carolina
1661:North Carolina
948:Varner Supermax
872:
866:
863:
847:
819:
810:State of Mexico
798:
781:
776:
767:
756:
755:
754:
749:
738:
732:
729:
714:
702:
698:
687:
676:
670:
667:
656:
644:
603:
599:
592:
566:
557:
482:Timothy McVeigh
364:Alcatraz Island
357:
332:
313:
293:
253:New South Wales
231:in 1975, when "
225:
220:
179:, usually with
90:
82:global security
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5257:
5255:
5247:
5246:
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5230:
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5181:
5180:
5179:
5172:
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5158:
5146:
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5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
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5074:
5067:
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5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5010:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4959:
4956:Rehabilitation
4951:
4949:
4948:Leaving prison
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4897:
4890:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4838:Justice Action
4834:
4827:
4820:
4817:Black and Pink
4813:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
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4523:
4521:
4517:
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4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4490:Prison escapes
4485:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
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4222:
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4170:
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4098:
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4088:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4052:Monthly Review
4044:
4039:
4034:
4027:
4026:External links
4024:
4022:
4021:
4010:. 30 June 2014
3995:
3970:
3943:
3926:"Le Due Città"
3917:
3891:
3856:
3830:
3817:ilcapoluogo.it
3804:
3777:
3755:
3736:
3713:
3694:
3668:
3646:
3615:
3596:(2): 254–260.
3575:
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3500:
3482:
3473:
3452:
3441:. pp. A03
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3406:
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3344:
3321:
3303:
3288:
3270:
3257:j.ctt5hjbxg.14
3247:
3229:
3214:
3196:
3169:
3149:Masters, Chris
3137:
3111:
3083:
3071:
3052:
3045:
3016:
2987:10.1086/652214
2969:Morris, Norval
2967:Kurki, Leena;
2952:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2887:and terrorists
2878:
2873:
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2848:
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2846:
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2816:
2806:
2796:
2793:Lara, Victoria
2782:
2772:
2762:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2734:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2693:Nusa Kambangan
2690:
2679:Bilibid Prison
2676:
2662:
2657:Taiping, Perak
2650:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2608:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2584:United Kingdom
2569:
2566:United Kingdom
2551:
2548:United Kingdom
2533:
2530:United Kingdom
2515:
2512:United Kingdom
2493:
2490:United Kingdom
2475:
2472:United Kingdom
2464:Worcestershire
2457:
2454:United Kingdom
2439:
2436:United Kingdom
2421:
2414:United Kingdom
2397:
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2394:
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2355:
2345:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2266:" OIK-2 OUKHD
2260:
2241:
2222:
2203:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:Saltvik Prison
2168:
2166:
2152:
2138:
2128:
2119:
2097:
2077:
2074:
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2069:
2057:
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2034:
2020:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1961:Fayette County
1953:West Virginia
1951:
1950:
1949:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1918:
1905:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1881:Salt Lake City
1871:
1870:
1869:
1863:Gib Lewis Unit
1860:
1847:
1833:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1795:South Carolina
1781:
1780:
1779:
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1740:
1724:
1723:
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1706:
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1704:
1688:
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1659:
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1644:
1630:
1617:
1604:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1580:unincorporated
1570:
1569:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1509:New Hampshire
1507:
1506:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1398:Massachusetts
1396:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1335:
1319:
1318:
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1069:
1056:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1025:
1012:
1003:
989:
976:
960:
959:
958:
952:Lincoln County
942:
941:
940:
927:
914:
898:
897:
896:
874:
873:
853:
851:
818:
815:
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792:
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775:
772:
769:
768:
751:
750:
705:
703:
696:
689:
688:
671:September 2010
647:
645:
638:
633:
607:
606:
604:
597:
591:
588:
565:
562:
556:
553:
549:Charles Manson
522:Sinaloa Cartel
510:Robert Hanssen
421:, the twin to
384:Norman Carlson
356:
353:
331:
330:United Kingdom
328:
312:
309:
292:
289:
224:
221:
219:
216:
153:
152:
149:rehabilitative
133:
127:
120:
102:prison wardens
89:
86:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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5185:United States
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4805:
4803:
4801:Organizations
4799:
4790:
4789:United States
4786:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4762:
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4755:
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4748:
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4731:United States
4728:
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4725:
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4715:United States
4712:
4711:
4709:
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4702:
4698:
4693:
4692:United States
4689:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4679:
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4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:Mobile phones
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4620:United States
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4609:
4607:
4605:Social issues
4603:
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4463:Trusty system
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4090:Incarceration
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3904:repubblica.it
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3814:
3808:
3805:
3792:
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3778:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3762:Ward, Mike. "
3759:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3743:Ward, Mike. "
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3331:j.ctt5hjbxg.9
3328:
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3322:9780813557410
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2714:Black Dolphin
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2576:Milton Keynes
2573:
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2518:Prison Shotts
2516:
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2387:Ascoli Piceno
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2101:
2098:
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2094:Ottoman Turks
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
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2055:
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2038:
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2028:
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2021:
2018:
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2010:
2007:
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2005:
2003:
1995:
1991:South America
1990:
1984:
1980:
1976:
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1965:West Virginia
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1726:Pennsylvania
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1521:New Hampshire
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1141:(Hi-Max Unit)
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996:San Francisco
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983:Crescent City
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854:This list is
852:
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817:United States
816:
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774:North America
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648:This section
646:
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486:Terry Nichols
483:
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355:United States
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290:
288:
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285:Carl Williams
282:
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270:Barwon Prison
267:
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113:Norval Morris
110:
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68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
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41:
37:
33:
19:
5120:Soviet Union
4963:Work release
4924:Prison Radio
4900:
4671:Overcrowding
4381:
4354:House arrest
4308:Penal colony
4050:
4012:. Retrieved
4007:
3998:
3986:. Retrieved
3982:
3973:
3961:. Retrieved
3959:(in Italian)
3956:
3946:
3934:. Retrieved
3929:
3920:
3908:. Retrieved
3903:
3894:
3882:. Retrieved
3878:ristretti.it
3877:
3847:. Retrieved
3843:giustizia.it
3842:
3833:
3821:. Retrieved
3816:
3807:
3795:. Retrieved
3793:(in Italian)
3790:
3780:
3773:
3767:
3758:
3748:
3739:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3697:
3685:. Retrieved
3681:the original
3671:
3660:, retrieved
3655:
3649:
3637:. Retrieved
3632:
3628:
3618:
3593:
3587:
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3545:
3535:
3521:
3512:
3503:
3485:
3476:
3465:
3455:
3443:. Retrieved
3436:
3426:
3413:
3409:
3400:
3378:
3372:
3360:. Retrieved
3356:
3347:
3312:
3306:
3279:
3273:
3238:
3232:
3205:
3199:
3187:. Retrieved
3182:
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3157:Four Corners
3156:
3128:. Retrieved
3124:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:The Atlantic
3096:
3086:
3074:
3055:
3028:
2978:
2972:
2915:
2884:
2697:Central Java
2673:Saudi Arabia
2605:South Africa
2264:Black Berkut
2171:Kumla Prison
2041:Campo Grande
2001:
1999:
1777:Pennsylvania
1764:Pennsylvania
1751:Pennsylvania
1738:Pennsylvania
1440:Mississippi
1086:Connecticut
877:
864:
757:
739:
730:
707:
677:
668:
657:Please help
652:verification
649:
625:
618:
612:
611:Please help
608:
581:
574:
570:ADX Florence
567:
558:
526:
514:Soviet Union
494:Richard Reid
478:
470:ADX Florence
463:
459:ADX Florence
446:
417:(in western
392:
369:
340:
333:
314:
301:
294:
249:human rights
226:
212:mentally ill
201:
186:
177:surveillance
174:
171:
162:
154:
106:
91:
75:
71:secure level
62:
58:
54:
50:
48:
44:ADX Florence
36:
5092:North Korea
5085:New Zealand
4678:Pay-to-stay
4105:Criminology
3727:Times Union
3445:21 December
3185:. Australia
2981:: 385–424.
2729:, see also
2687:Philippines
2648:South Korea
2623:Tora Prison
2500:Strangeways
2460:Long Lartin
2442:Full Sutton
2175:Hall Prison
1943:Walla Walla
1935:Washington
1912:Wise County
1585:– Uses the
1572:New Mexico
1527:New Jersey
1452:Mississippi
1291:Leavenworth
1259:Terre Haute
1098:Connecticut
962:California
867:August 2008
529:Pelican Bay
433:), and the
281:Tony Mokbel
157:gang leader
109:Leena Kurki
5233:Categories
5006:By country
4643:Informants
4558:Literature
4497:Helicopter
4456:Sally port
4421:Commissary
4399:Components
4292:Chain gang
4278:Labor camp
4264:Internment
4229:Black site
4126:Punishment
4008:The Nation
3797:5 February
3791:L'Espresso
3732:cellblock.
3662:3 February
3629:Let's Talk
3153:"SuperMax"
3104:27 January
3031:. Willan.
2927:References
2866:Panopticon
2738:Ratchaburi
2720:White Swan
2640:Cheongsong
2504:Manchester
2496:Manchester
2478:Maghaberry
2196:Sol-Iletsk
2145:Copenhagen
2118:prisoners.
2104:Portlaoise
1971:Wisconsin
1947:Washington
1925:Lee County
1801:Tennessee
1760:Waynesburg
1680:Youngstown
1539:New Jersey
1421:Minnesota
1321:Louisiana
1063:Cañon City
1050:Cañon City
1036:California
1032:San Ysidro
1023:California
1019:Susanville
1000:California
987:California
974:California
856:incomplete
717:improve it
706:This list
614:improve it
541:USP Marion
533:California
166:California
137:recreation
5015:Australia
4747:Sexuality
4636:Education
4595:Tattooing
4389:Death row
4285:Battalion
4144:Prisoners
3957:tusciaweb
3639:26 August
3554:0362-4331
3497:(Report).
3339:784708328
3298:784708328
3265:784708328
3224:784708328
3189:4 January
3162:4 January
3130:5 January
3011:147129265
2995:0192-3234
2949:(Report).
2749:Australia
2701:Indonesia
2558:Wakefield
2554:Wakefield
2536:Whitemoor
2424:Frankland
2219:Perm Krai
2086:Leopoldov
1983:Wisconsin
1891:Virginia
1813:Tennessee
1809:Nashville
1747:Lewisburg
1734:Allenwood
1698:McAlester
1690:Oklahoma
1637:Pine City
1594:New York
1459:Missouri
1454:(Unit 32)
1433:Minnesota
1378:Baltimore
1370:Maryland
1346:Louisiana
1333:Louisiana
1310:Eddyville
1302:Kentucky
1245:Westville
1164:Illinois
1042:Colorado
944:Arkansas
733:June 2018
721:verifying
620:talk page
407:Wisconsin
320:Stuttgart
274:Melbourne
229:Australia
223:Australia
141:education
5176:Scotland
4811:(Brazil)
4775:Violence
4724:Religion
4565:American
4414:Cemetery
4382:Supermax
4301:Military
4243:Debtors'
4167:Detainee
4160:Criminal
4112:Penology
3687:15 April
3610:35051886
3559:10 March
3467:BBC News
3362:10 March
3064:Archived
2861:Penology
2850:See also
2742:Thailand
2660:Malaysia
2625:complex.
2601:Pretoria
2572:Woodhill
2526:Scotland
2402:Belmarsh
2370:Tolmezzo
2338:Rebibbia
2314:L'Aquila
2090:Slovakia
2066:Colombia
2056:Colombia
1979:Boscobel
1929:Virginia
1916:Virginia
1903:Virginia
1827:Beaumont
1791:Columbia
1702:Oklahoma
1655:New York
1641:New York
1628:New York
1624:Ossining
1615:New York
1382:Maryland
1314:Kentucky
1231:Carlisle
1223:Indiana
1217:Illinois
1204:Illinois
1190:Illinois
1176:Illinois
1135:Georgia
1104:Florida
1080:Colorado
1076:Florence
1067:Colorado
1054:Colorado
956:Arkansas
921:Florence
908:Florence
900:Arizona
882:Alabama
431:Illinois
419:Virginia
403:Boscobel
277:Gangland
266:Victoria
233:Katingal
208:diagnose
78:national
55:supermax
5217:Commons
5155:Bermuda
5143:Ukraine
5071:Jamaica
5050:Iceland
5043:Germany
5036:Estonia
4988:Prisons
4768:Suicide
4761:Strikes
4520:Culture
4449:Officer
4442:Nursery
4435:Library
4322:Private
4213:Prisons
4174:Hostage
4153:Convict
4097:Science
4014:8 March
3988:8 March
3963:21 June
3936:21 June
3910:21 June
3884:21 June
3849:21 June
3823:21 June
3003:1147678
2885:Mafiosi
2580:England
2562:England
2544:England
2508:England
2482:Lisburn
2468:England
2450:England
2432:England
2410:England
2376:Viterbo
2358:Spoleto
2305:Asinara
2297:Bancali
2293:Sassari
2247:of the
2228:of the
2163:Denmark
2159:Horsens
2149:Denmark
2108:Ireland
1708:Oregon
1611:Romulus
1535:Trenton
1517:Concord
1342:Pollock
1269:Kansas
1263:Indiana
1249:Indiana
1235:Indiana
1213:Thomson
1200:Chester
1129:Florida
1125:Raiford
1116:Florida
1112:Coleman
970:Atwater
938:Arizona
925:Arizona
912:Arizona
894:Alabama
715:Please
311:Germany
218:History
5136:Turkey
5113:Russia
5099:Norway
4481:Escape
4470:Warden
4271:Island
3608:
3552:
3509:"Home"
3337:
3329:
3319:
3296:
3286:
3263:
3255:
3245:
3222:
3212:
3043:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2727:Jordan
2683:Manila
2669:Riyadh
2591:Africa
2522:Shotts
2428:Durham
2406:London
2352:Naples
2326:Novara
2272:Russia
2253:Russia
2234:Russia
2215:Russia
2200:Russia
2186:Russia
2177:, and
2076:Europe
2049:Brazil
2031:Brazil
2017:Brazil
1996:Brazil
1819:Texas
1720:Oregon
1651:Malone
1360:Warren
1352:Maine
1295:Kansas
1281:Kansas
1172:Marion
1146:Idaho
1094:Somers
934:Tucson
890:Atmore
796:Mexico
779:Canada
445:case (
291:Brazil
283:, and
241:Sydney
67:prison
5127:Gulag
5078:Japan
5057:India
5029:China
5022:Chile
4973:Lists
4740:Riots
4613:Abuse
4588:Slang
4572:Blogs
4221:Types
4202:Slave
3606:S2CID
3495:(PDF)
3327:JSTOR
3253:JSTOR
3007:S2CID
2999:JSTOR
2947:(PDF)
2907:Notes
2705:Dutch
2653:KEMTA
2619:Egypt
2615:Cairo
2597:C Max
2364:Terni
2332:Parma
2320:Cuneo
2287:Italy
2276:Ivdel
2126:Vught
1873:Utah
1858:Texas
1845:Texas
1831:Texas
1716:Salem
1672:Ohio
1364:Maine
1251:(WCU)
1237:(SHU)
1186:Tamms
1158:Idaho
1154:Boise
537:Tamms
427:Tamms
318:, in
57:) or
5106:Peru
4708:Rape
4650:LGBT
4581:Ring
4542:Gang
4535:Film
4428:Food
4407:Cell
4368:Open
4329:Ship
4257:Farm
4016:2015
3990:2015
3965:2021
3938:2021
3912:2021
3886:2021
3851:2021
3825:2021
3799:2019
3708:WLBT
3689:2018
3664:2024
3641:2022
3561:2019
3550:ISSN
3447:2007
3364:2019
3335:OCLC
3317:ISBN
3294:OCLC
3284:ISBN
3261:OCLC
3243:ISBN
3220:OCLC
3210:ISBN
3191:2012
3164:2012
3132:2012
3106:2023
3041:ISBN
2991:ISSN
2630:Asia
2446:York
2342:Rome
1885:Utah
1684:Ohio
535:and
516:and
496:and
484:and
439:Ohio
429:(in
405:(in
370:The
181:CCTV
111:and
80:and
4859:POA
4528:Art
3766:."
3747:."
3705:."
3598:doi
3033:doi
2983:doi
2274:in
2270:of
2255:in
2251:of
2236:in
2232:of
2217:in
2213:of
2157:– (
2143:– (
2116:IRA
2084:– (
862:.
719:by
661:by
531:in
472:in
425:),
378:in
239:in
63:ADX
5235::
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3928:.
3902:.
3876:.
3859:^
3841:.
3815:.
3789:.
3729:.
3725:.
3633:31
3631:.
3627:.
3604:.
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