1328:
649:
58:
1293:) marking the end of the previous lunar cycle and hence the previous month, thereby beginning the new month. Consequently, each month can have 29 or 30 days depending on the visibility of the moon, astronomical positioning of the earth and weather conditions. However, certain sects and groups, most notably Bohras Muslims namely
1420:
is 354.36707 days, the average lunar year is (365.24219 − 354.36707 ≈) 10.88149 days shorter than the average solar year, causing months of the Hijri calendar to advance about eleven days earlier relative to dates in the
Gregorian calendar every calendar year. The precise number of days varies,
1155:
does not begin
January 1 and that a Hijri calendar year is about 11 days shorter than a Gregorian calendar year, there is no direct correspondence between years of the two eras. A given Hijri year will usually fall in two successive Gregorian years. A CE year will always overlap two or occasionally
1156:
three successive Hijri years. For example, the year 2008 CE maps to the last week of AH 1428, all of 1429, and the first few days of 1430. Similarly, the year 1976 CE corresponded with the last few days of AH 1395, all of 1396, and the first week of 1397.
1017:
start the Hijri year with the month of the Hijra, Rabi' al-Awwal, rejecting that
Muharram is the start of a new year. As a result of this, the dates of some events are described differently by one year. For example, Shias state that the Muharram-transpiring
1682:
1403:
This date is based on a reconstruction of the early
Islamic calendar and, assuming that intercalation was performed before 10 AH, an earlier date in April is also possible.
1479:
1268:
1505:
1046:, with named months. Likewise, the years of its calendar used conventional names rather than numbers: for example, the year of the birth of Muhammad and of
1793:
1628:
1545:
1525:
1847:
432:
1656:
1581:
319:
1261:
1678:
1442:
1739:
1931:
1829:
1707:
1610:
497:
97:
1809:
1471:
1254:
679:
1830:""Islamic New Year Observed Today; President Airs Wish for Peace on Amon Jadid Exhorts Muslims to Assist in Nat'l Resurgence"
1766:
938:
and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently, its New Year's Day occurs ten days earlier each year relative to the
624:
1316:
in which odd-numbered months have thirty days (and also the twelfth month in a leap year) and even months have twenty nine.
368:
1633:
1285:
commences on the birth of the new lunar cycle. Traditionally this is based on actual observation of the moon's crescent (
1941:
400:
1876:
447:
274:
1025:
In Shia Islam, the calendar year is entirely determined by solar observation or calculation. Each year begins on the
995:. Instead, the system continues the earlier ordering of the months, with the Hijrah occurring around the 8th day of
487:
1540:
1936:
582:
294:
1313:
1227:
750:
514:
314:
1855:
1105:
with the successful proposal, simply continuing the order of the months that had already been established by
109:
1946:
1082:
969:
793:
563:
329:
1391:
1126:
1054:". The first year of the Hijra (622-23 CE) was named the "Permission to Travel" in this calendar.
558:
383:
167:
122:
1501:
1653:
1573:
1361:
1051:
1008:
735:
1816:
For convenience, it is common to speak of a lunar year of twelve synodic months, or 354.36707 days.
1347:
672:
568:
202:
102:
1281:
The Hijri year has twelve months, whose precise lengths vary by sect of Islam. Each month of the
1165:
939:
720:
592:
549:
519:
502:
477:
422:
378:
90:
1819:(which gives a mean synodic month as 29.53059 days or 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes and 3 seconds)
1421:
depending on accumulated differences and potential for leap-years to happen at different times.
1014:
1762:
1735:
1729:
1606:
1356:
1202:
1197:
1139:
conversion formulas between the
Gregorian (AD or CE) and Islamic calendars (AH) are possible:
1026:
1019:
744:
633:
597:
544:
457:
417:
279:
1756:
1448:
1282:
1173:
1152:
1130:
1102:
1067:
992:
850:
801:
442:
437:
388:
373:
358:
267:
146:
31:
1951:
1660:
1577:
1212:
1207:
1047:
1022:
occurred 60 years after the Hijra, while Sunnis state it to have occurred 61 years after.
985:
768:
577:
393:
353:
342:
324:
227:
172:
85:
1703:
1341:
1043:
963:
959:
665:
537:
524:
482:
427:
41:
1787:
1925:
1782:
1413:
1367:
1298:
1242:
1113:, as there was no set order of months during the pre-Islamic era (Age of Ignorance -
1063:
996:
602:
507:
467:
1333:
1294:
1237:
1078:
906:
789:
712:
653:
609:
346:
78:
67:
1417:
935:
915:
894:
405:
363:
287:
1323:
1222:
902:
898:
410:
1884:
1302:
729:
309:
1288:
905:(AM) and can similarly be placed before (preferably) or after the date. In
1623:
922:
17:
1187:
1114:
1110:
1106:
981:
805:
703:
619:
587:
301:
235:
1797:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 218.
1309:
1232:
452:
129:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1071:
977:
817:
813:
472:
462:
251:
219:
211:
196:
190:
74:
1758:
The venture of Islam conscience and history in a world civilization
1217:
1192:
1090:
973:
950:
1446 corresponds to 2024 – 2025 in the Common Era.
838:
826:
821:
809:
797:
614:
492:
183:
141:
134:
57:
49:
30:
This article is about the
Islamic era. For the calendar year, see
1306:
1074:
717:
243:
151:
1624:"The History of the Islamic Calendar in the Light of the Hijra"
1142:
AH = 1.030684 × (CE − 621.5643) CE = 0.970229 × AH + 621.5643
1506:"Martyrdom of Imam Husayn and the Muslim and Jewish Calendars"
1077:
to abolish the practice of named years and to establish a new
885:
1786:
1541:"Muharram May Not Be The Start Of The Islamic Hijri New Year"
1416:
is 365.24219 days, while the long-term average duration of a
824:
for its role in the founding of the first Muslim community (
1476:
Universität Zurich
Universität Zürich Asien-Orient-Institut
942:. The year 2024 CE corresponds to the Islamic years AH
873:
862:
876:
1679:"Islamic Actions and Social Mandates: The Hijri Calendar"
879:
856:
1117:). Adoption of this calendar was then enforced by Umar.
934:
A year in the
Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve
1372:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1352:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1734:. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. p. 489.
1042:
By the age of
Muhammad, there was already an Arabian
859:
1761:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 21.
1286:
931:("Before the Hijra"), which should follow the date.
882:
893:, 'in the year of the Hijra') in parallel with the
870:
867:
853:
1811:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
1148:AH = (CE − 622) × 33 ÷ 32 CE = AH × 32 ÷ 33 + 622
927:). Years prior to AH 1 are reckoned in English as
833:In the West, this era is most commonly denoted as
1848:"Islamic New year to be observed on 11th January"
1089:, the emigration of Muhammad and 70 Muslims from
1370: – Journey of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina
1344: – First major battle in early Islam (624)
991:The date of the Hijrah itself did not form the
980:, and begins on the first day of the month of
1262:
968:The Hijri era is calculated according to the
673:
8:
1667:(November/December 2005), retrieved 1/1/2019
920:
780:
1909:F. A. Shamsi (1984). "The Date of Hijrah".
1629:Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
1546:Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
1526:Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
1269:
1255:
1169:
691:
680:
666:
36:
1877:"Visibility of Muharram Crescent 1430 AH"
1539:Al-Hilli, Mohammed (22 September 2021).
1510:Al-Serat (A Journal of Islamic Studies)
1447:, Government of Sharjah, archived from
1434:
1383:
1179:
1172:
976:(first year) is the year of Muhammad's
913:("Hijra") from its Arabic abbreviation
48:
1881:Islamic Crescents' Observation Project
1704:"Islamic and Christian Dating Systems"
816:) in 622 CE. This event, known as the
1567:
1565:
1563:
7:
1854:. Aaj.tv. 2008-01-10. Archived from
1808:P. Kenneth Seidelmann, ed. (1992).
781:
772:
909:, it is also commonly abbreviated
25:
1482:from the original on 10 June 2023
1364: – Official calendar of Iran
1755:Hodgson, Marshall G. S. (1977).
1574:"Ramadan and the Lunar Calendar"
1326:
1085:for the new Muslim calendar the
1050:(570 CE) was known as the "
988:date of July 16, 622 CE).
849:
808:and his followers migrated from
647:
56:
1710:from the original on 2017-02-03
1685:from the original on 2018-08-19
1663: – Paul Lunde,
1654:The Beginning of Hijri calendar
1636:from the original on 2011-06-10
1584:from the original on 2006-12-14
1350: – Biographies of Muhammad
999:, 66 days into the first year.
907:predominantly Muslim countries
1:
1572:Aisha El-Awady (2002-06-11).
1677:Umar bin Al-Khattab (2002).
1622:Hakim Muhammad Said (1981).
1392:List of Islamic years#Modern
1665:Saudi Aramco World Magazine
1287:
231:("Stories of the Prophets")
27:Era in the Islamic calendar
1968:
1412:As the mean duration of a
1163:
1124:
1006:
957:
29:
921:
1932:Arabic words and phrases
1917:: 189–224 & 289–332.
1314:tabular Islamic calendar
320:Medieval Islamic science
1794:Encyclopædia Britannica
1728:Clark, Malcolm (2013).
1681:. witness-pioneer.org.
1605:", ISCA, Jun 1, 2002,
1472:"Islamischer Kalender"
1444:Registration locations
970:Islamic lunar calendar
794:Islamic lunar calendar
330:Succession to Muhammad
1601:Hajjah Adil, Amina, "
1127:List of Islamic years
1007:Further information:
946:1445 – 1446; AH
820:, is commemorated in
1502:Rizvi, Sa'eed Akhtar
1362:Solar Hijri calendar
1052:Year of the Elephant
1009:Solar Hijri calendar
369:Association football
1942:Islamic terminology
1836:. January 20, 2007.
1470:Thomann, Johannes.
1348:Prophetic biography
1066:, a complaint from
1062:17 years after the
984:(equivalent to the
130:Profession of Faith
103:Day of Resurrection
1659:2019-01-01 at the
1451:on 2 February 2017
1166:Lunar Hijri months
940:Gregorian calendar
786:at-taqwīm al-hijrī
1731:Islam for dummies
1357:Glossary of Islam
1279:
1278:
1109:, beginning with
1027:northward equinox
1020:battle of Karbala
761:
760:
757:
690:
689:
16:(Redirected from
1959:
1937:Islamic calendar
1918:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1883:. Archived from
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1674:
1668:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1619:
1613:
1603:Prophet Muhammad
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1569:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1439:
1422:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1373:
1353:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1292:
1283:Islamic calendar
1271:
1264:
1257:
1174:Islamic calendar
1170:
1153:Islamic New Year
1131:Islamic New Year
1081:. Umar chose as
1068:Abu Musa Ashaari
993:Islamic New Year
949:
945:
926:
925:
892:
891:
888:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
865:
864:
861:
858:
855:
812:to Yathrib (now
802:Islamic New Year
798:begins its count
784:
783:
774:
756:
692:
682:
675:
668:
654:Islam portal
652:
651:
650:
60:
37:
32:Islamic calendar
21:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1922:
1921:
1911:Islamic Studies
1908:
1905:
1903:Further reading
1900:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1834:Manila Bulletin
1828:
1827:
1823:
1814:. p. 577.
1807:
1806:
1802:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1661:Wayback Machine
1652:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1578:Islamonline.net
1571:
1570:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1519:
1517:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1371:
1351:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1312:Muslims, use a
1275:
1213:Jumada al-Thani
1208:Jumada al-Awwal
1168:
1162:
1151:Given that the
1149:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1060:
1048:Ammar ibn Yasir
1040:
1035:
1013:Unlike Sunnis,
1011:
1005:
986:Julian calendar
966:
956:
947:
943:
866:
852:
848:
755:
740:
725:
709:
686:
648:
646:
639:
638:
583:Other religions
578:Arabic language
540:
530:
529:
458:Moral teachings
349:
335:
334:
325:Spread of Islam
270:
260:
259:
247:(jurisprudence)
229:Qisas al-Anbiya
178:
177:
157:
156:
125:
115:
114:
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1868:
1839:
1821:
1800:
1788:"Hejira"
1785:, ed. (1911).
1783:Chisholm, Hugh
1774:
1767:
1747:
1741:978-1118053966
1740:
1720:
1695:
1669:
1646:
1614:
1594:
1559:
1531:
1493:
1462:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1405:
1396:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1365:
1359:
1354:
1345:
1342:Battle of Badr
1338:
1337:
1321:
1318:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1203:Rabi' al-Thani
1200:
1198:Rabi' al-Awwal
1195:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1164:Main article:
1161:
1158:
1147:
1141:
1122:
1119:
1059:
1056:
1044:lunar calendar
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1004:
1001:
964:Solar calendar
960:Lunar calendar
955:
952:
782:التقويم الهجري
759:
758:
754:
753:
747:
745:Rabi' al-awwal
739:
738:
732:
724:
723:
715:
708:
707:
697:
696:
688:
687:
685:
684:
677:
670:
662:
659:
658:
657:
656:
641:
640:
637:
636:
630:
629:
628:
627:
622:
612:
607:
606:
605:
600:
590:
585:
580:
574:
573:
572:
571:
566:
561:
553:
552:
547:
541:
538:Related topics
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
522:
520:Social welfare
517:
512:
511:
510:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
414:
413:
408:
398:
397:
396:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
350:
341:
340:
337:
336:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
306:
305:
298:
291:
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277:
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187:
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176:
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164:
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159:
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155:
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149:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
110:Predestination
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
91:Revealed Books
88:
82:
81:
71:
66:
65:
62:
61:
53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1964:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Calendar eras
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1887:on 2021-02-23
1886:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1858:on 2018-12-22
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1684:
1680:
1673:
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1655:
1650:
1647:
1635:
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1630:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:1-930409-11-7
1608:
1604:
1598:
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1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
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1535:
1532:
1527:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1428:
1419:
1415:
1414:tropical year
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1368:Hijra (Islam)
1366:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:Dhu al-Hijjah
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:prompted the
1069:
1065:
1058:Establishment
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1015:Twelver Shias
1010:
1002:
1000:
998:
997:Rabi al-Awwal
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
965:
961:
953:
951:
941:
937:
932:
930:
924:
918:
917:
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843:
842:
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832:
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792:used in the
785:
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764:
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713:21 September
702:
610:Islamophobia
389:Demographics
384:Circumcision
300:
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189:
182:
1137:approximate
903:Jewish eras
625:Laws of war
288:Ahl al-Bayt
173:Foundations
1926:Categories
1891:2018-12-21
1862:2013-05-22
1768:0226346862
1714:2015-10-11
1689:2006-12-16
1640:2006-12-16
1588:2006-12-16
1455:21 January
1429:References
1418:lunar year
1303:Sulaymanis
1135:Different
1125:See also:
958:See also:
954:Definition
765:Hijri year
478:Philosophy
215:(exegesis)
152:Pilgrimage
142:Almsgiving
18:Hijra year
1099:Tradition
1003:Shia view
895:Christian
804:in which
800:from the
788:) is the
730:Shahrivar
598:terrorism
550:Criticism
503:Sexuality
473:Mysticism
443:Festivals
423:Education
418:Economics
354:Academics
310:Caliphate
123:Practices
1852:AAJ News
1708:Archived
1683:Archived
1657:Archived
1634:Archived
1582:Archived
1552:13 April
1520:13 April
1504:(1401).
1486:11 April
1480:Archived
1320:See also
1299:Dawoodis
1188:Muharram
1115:Jahiliya
1111:Muharram
1107:Muhammad
1101:credits
982:Muharram
972:, whose
806:Muhammad
704:Saturday
634:Glossary
620:Jihadism
593:Violence
588:Islamism
559:Muhammad
545:Apostasy
488:Politics
438:Feminism
433:Exorcism
394:Diaspora
379:Children
374:Calendar
302:Rashidun
280:Muhammad
275:Timeline
236:Mathnawi
98:Prophets
42:a series
40:Part of
1310:Ismaili
1233:Shawwal
1228:Ramadan
1223:Sha'ban
1121:Formula
1033:History
515:Slavery
498:Science
453:Madrasa
448:Finance
359:Animals
347:society
343:Culture
315:Imamate
295:Sahabah
268:History
238:(Poems)
223:(creed)
147:Fasting
75:Oneness
68:Beliefs
1952:Hijrah
1765:
1738:
1609:
1295:Alavis
1180:Months
1160:Months
1103:Othman
1095:Medina
1087:hijrah
1072:caliph
978:Hijrah
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944:
899:Common
818:Hijrah
814:Medina
769:Arabic
569:Hadith
483:Poetry
463:Mosque
428:Ethics
253:Sharia
221:Aqidah
213:Tafsir
197:Hadith
191:Sunnah
135:Prayer
86:Angels
1516:(3–4)
1378:Notes
1289:hilal
1218:Rajab
1193:Safar
1091:Mecca
1083:epoch
1064:Hijra
974:epoch
839:Latin
827:ummah
822:Islam
810:Mecca
796:. It
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615:Jihad
564:Quran
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468:Music
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255:(law)
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184:Quran
168:Texts
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1763:ISBN
1736:ISBN
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1554:2024
1522:2024
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1457:2017
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