309:"And what is workers' education? I think the first thing is to say what workers' education is and what it is not. I'd like to say, first, it is not vocational education. Many people think that that is what it is; it's not trade training for workers. That's entirely separate, should supplement workers' education and go along with it. But it is not the same thing. Workers' education is a specialized branch of adult education. It covers in general the economic and labor problems related to the experience of industrial workers, office workers, farmers, anything that touches the economic field. It is also and usually supplemented with much work in English, with elementary science, social psychology, with history, with a background of life in the United States. It touches: employers' problems, trade union problems, the worker in the community as citizen, the government's relation to industry and to the labor movement." Interview with Hilda Worthington Smith, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY, October 17, 1963
162:, to oversee a residence hall as a Warden, and began to teach an informal class on social work at the request of a group of undergraduates in which she introduced the concepts of child welfare, family rehabilitation, delinquency, immigration, and housing. She returned to her studies at the School of Philanthropy in 1914 and soon established a community center for youth in New York City that served many boys of Irish, Italian, and African American descent, which she ran until Carey Thomas offered her the position of Acting Dean in 1919.
190:
the initiative. Money was raised for scholarships to support the students, who were between the ages of 18 and 35 and came from diverse backgrounds including different nationalities, races, religions, industries, non-unionized and union affiliations. About 100 women attended each year that the school operated, gathering to live, eat, and sleep together while they studied a variety of liberal arts subjects with distinguished faculty drawn from local institutions.
201:, as adviser to FDR and head of the FERA, borrowed Ms. Smith to set up an educational program for the Administration, which in 1937 became the W.P.A.'s Workers Education Service. As FDR's Educational Specialist, She created and ran multiple programs; one such program employed out-of-work teachers, whose graduates include
193:
The object of the school, as stated in prospectus and distributed to a variety of news outlets, was "to offer young women of character and ability a fuller education and an opportunity to study liberal subjects in order that they might widen their influence in the industrial world, help in the coming
165:
During the two years she served as Dean, her interest in workers' education was already becoming an area of active pursuit: in addition to her duties mentoring undergraduate students and administering college programs, Smith took the initiative to arrange night classes for the black college gardeners
221:
The workers' education movement gained momentum, with
Worthington Smith playing an active and significant role. In addition to the schools that she was directly involved in founding (such as the Hudson Shore Labor School, which was established on the site of her family home on the Hudson River), she
270:
Worthington Smith retired at the age of 83 to focus on various writing projects related to her life experiences and career, including a narrative of her seven years with the Office of
Economic Opportunity and a revised and expanded version of her autobiography, Opening Vistas in Workers' Education,
189:
The Summer School was a residential program on the campus of Bryn Mawr
College that operated for 8 weeks in the summer every year (except for 1935) between 1921 and 1938, hosting and educating female factory workers from all over the country who numbered approximately 1700 over the duration of
185:
Although Thomas was the original visionary of the school, Worthington Smith is credited with developing it into the immensely successful program that it became and setting the example for a host of other similar programs that were founded in its image, including the
Wisconsin Summer School, Barnard
142:
where Hilda and her younger sister (Helen Hall Smith; 1892–1971), and her younger brother (Jewell
Kellogg Smith; 1890–1956), created an imaginary world described in her 1934 essay, "A Post Office in Fairyland". Her father's invention of a steamheating system, which heated many of the early office
150:
between 1906 and 1910 for her undergraduate degree, during which she was elected to lead the student body as president of the Self
Government Association. Worthington Smith remained at Bryn Mawr the following year and left in 1911 with a master's degree in ethics and psychology, after which she
274:
In addition to these publications, Worthington Smith's poetry was published in songbooks, periodicals, and in three printed volumes: Castle of Dream (1910) and Poems (1964), both privately printed, and
Selected Poems (1977). She died of leukemia, aged 95, on March 3, 1984, in
119:
and as a co-founder of the
Affiliated Schools for Workers (later known as the American Labor Education Service), although she also had a long career in government service supporting education for underserved groups including women, laborers, African-Americans and the elderly.
631:
31:
194:
social reconstruction and increase the happiness and usefulness of their own lives." The focus was therefore on giving women the knowledge and tools to exercise agency in their lives, and to become leaders in their communities in a new era of social change.
222:
served on the advisory committees of many such initiatives. She also established and served as first
Director of the Affiliated Schools for Workers (1927–1939), later known as the American Labor Education Service (1939–1962).
445:
650:"The Summer School for Women Workers: Diversity, Class and Education : Hilda Worthington Smith: Early life and studies | The Albert M. Greenfield Digital Center for the History of Women's Education"
649:
847:
401:
297:
Smith also wanted to teach "workers' education", a term that had a strong communist association. She related years later, "I hardly dared mention it because it was so unpopular."
175:
116:
100:
290:
does come close to sewing 1919 to 1983 into a fine embroidery. The author noted that in 1937 the programs Smith initiated but couldn't in 1933 call by name became the W.P.A.'s
449:
798:
857:
585:
657:
827:
569:
128:
Hilda
Worthington Smith, nicknamed "Jane", was born on June 19, 1888, in New York City, the firstborn of three children of John Jewell and Mary Helen (
862:
152:
230:
115:(June 19, 1888 – March 3, 1984) was an American labor educator, social worker, and poet. She is best known for her roles as first Director of the
693:
302:
Workers'education was ... "unusual because it involved three groups virtually ignored at the time: women, blue collar workers, and blacks.."
304:—Priscilla Van Tassel, New York Times, June 24, 1984, NJ5. (Caption for HWSmith picture) from the interview for the story in the NYTimes
179:
138:, where young Hilda would later establish two resident workers' schools in the 1930s. The rest of the year was spent in their home near
837:
832:
795:
852:
507:
388:. New York City : Affiliated Summer Schools for Women Workers in Industry and American Association for Adult Education, 1929.
842:
319:
263:
544:
237:
582:
210:
605:
764:
259:
186:
Summer School, Vineyard Shore School, Southern Summer School, and the coeducational Hudson Shore Labor School.
174:
A pivotal moment in Worthington Smith's career came in 1921, when President Carey Thomas asked her to head the
158:
When she was twenty-five years old she returned to Bryn Mawr at the invitation of President of the college,
420:
151:
received a second graduate degree from the New York School of Philanthropy (which exists currently as the
679:
362:
338:
822:
817:
697:
352:
225:
The later years of Worthington Smith's career were dominated by federal appointments, listed here:
135:
718:
255:
Consultant for the Connecticut State Commission for Services to Elderly Persons from 1959 to 1961.
202:
563:
503:
206:
147:
104:
294:. When tasked by Harry Hopkins to be education specialist, she already knew what she wanted.
785:
276:
589:
425:
159:
30:
790:
743:
811:
802:
496:
198:
548:
246:
Federal Public Housing Authority as Chief of the Project Services Section 1943–1945
178:, a brand new initiative that Thomas envisioned and set into motion after visiting
139:
472:
American Labor Education Service, 1927-1962: an organization in workers' education
379:
357:
333:
528:
Opening Vistas in Workers' Education: An Autobiography of Hilda Worthington Smith
249:
Chairman of the National Committee for the Extension of Labor Education 1945–1951
791:
Papers, 1837–1975. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
606:"The Women of Summer: The Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers, 1921-1938"
130:
632:"An Adventure in Education: the Summer School for Women Workers at Bryn Mawr"
609:
213:
camps for men, and to provide education and housing for unemployed youth.
786:
American Labor Education Service Records, 1927-1962 at Cornell University
400:. New York: Institute for Education and Research on Women and Work,
143:
buildings of New York, provided the family with a handsome fortune.
796:
The Summer School for Women Workers: Diversity, Class and Education
608:. Rita Heller, Syracuse University Kellogg Project. Archived from
252:
Member of the New York State Adult Education Bureau (1957 to 1959)
746:. The Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College
209:
for unemployed women, ER's bid to place women in the program of
638:. The Woman's Citizen Corporation, New York. pp. 9–10.
446:"The Southern Summer School for Women Workers in Industry"
170:
The Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry
205:, a future vice president under LBJ. Another set up the
402:
New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations
592:, larson.library.emory.edu. Accessed November 3, 2022.
408:
Opening Vistas in Workers' Education: an autobiography
176:
Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry
117:
Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry
101:
Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry
738:
736:
734:
732:
502:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
134:Hall) Smith. The Smith family spent its summers in
96:
88:
80:
72:
56:
37:
21:
495:
236:Director of the Workers' Service Program for the
848:Columbia University School of Social Work alumni
765:"Hilda W. Smith, 95, Educator (Published 1984)"
539:
537:
521:
519:
307:
299:
286:To sum up Jane's life a story done in 1984 for
680:"New Deal Resident Camps for Unemployed Women"
371:Worthington Smith's published works include:
8:
386:Women Workers at the Bryn Mawr Summer School
258:Consultant for the Training Division of the
29:
18:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
229:Specialist in Workers' Education for the
153:Columbia University School of Social Work
858:Deaths from leukemia in Washington, D.C.
600:
598:
437:
394:. Washington : Merkle Press, 1964.
231:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
568:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
561:
474:. New York: Cornell University Press.
129:
7:
243:Consultant in Labor Education, 1943
271:which was self-published in 1978.
14:
828:United States Department of Labor
630:O'Hagan, Anne (August 13, 1921).
526:Worthington Smith, Hilda (1978).
498:A New Deal for Workers' Education
863:20th-century American economists
744:"Hilda Worthington Smith Papers"
694:"August, 1939 - FDR: Day by Day"
180:Workers' Educational Association
264:Office of Economic Opportunity
1:
238:Works Progress Administration
363:Resources in other libraries
339:Resources in other libraries
494:Kornbluh, Joyce L. (1987).
470:Cohen Brody, Doris (1973).
404:, Cornell University, 1977.
211:Civilian Conservation Corps
879:
530:. Published by the author.
347:By Hilda Worthington Smith
838:American women economists
833:American labor economists
358:Resources in your library
334:Resources in your library
292:Workers Education Service
28:
853:Bryn Mawr College alumni
260:Community Action Program
124:Early life and education
843:American social workers
654:brynmawrcollections.org
583:Phamplet for the School
325:Hilda Worthington Smith
166:and service employees.
113:Hilda Worthington Smith
51:New York City, New York
23:Hilda Worthington Smith
16:American educator, poet
421:Louise Leonard McLaren
311:
306:
382:on Internet Archive.)
217:Later career and life
182:programs in England.
682:. January 22, 2021.
136:West Park, New York
769:The New York Times
588:2016-02-22 at the
288:The New York Times
203:Hubert H. Humphrey
771:. March 14, 1984.
636:The Woman Citizen
320:Library resources
207:She-She-She Camps
148:Bryn Mawr College
110:
109:
105:She-She-She Camps
84:"Jane" (nickname)
870:
773:
772:
761:
755:
754:
752:
751:
740:
727:
726:
715:
709:
708:
706:
705:
696:. Archived from
690:
684:
683:
676:
670:
669:
667:
665:
660:on April 9, 2015
656:. Archived from
646:
640:
639:
627:
621:
620:
618:
617:
602:
593:
580:
574:
573:
567:
559:
557:
556:
547:. Archived from
541:
532:
531:
523:
514:
513:
501:
491:
476:
475:
467:
461:
460:
458:
457:
448:. Archived from
442:
378:. Smith, 1910. (
277:Washington, D.C.
133:
81:Other names
67:Washington, D.C.
63:
47:
45:
33:
19:
878:
877:
873:
872:
871:
869:
868:
867:
808:
807:
782:
777:
776:
763:
762:
758:
749:
747:
742:
741:
730:
723:FDR: Day by Day
717:
716:
712:
703:
701:
692:
691:
687:
678:
677:
673:
663:
661:
648:
647:
643:
629:
628:
624:
615:
613:
604:
603:
596:
590:Wayback Machine
581:
577:
560:
554:
552:
545:"Archived copy"
543:
542:
535:
525:
524:
517:
510:
493:
492:
479:
469:
468:
464:
455:
453:
444:
443:
439:
434:
426:M. Carey Thomas
417:
376:Castle of Dream
369:
368:
367:
344:
343:
328:
327:
323:
316:
314:Published works
284:
282:Life philosophy
219:
172:
160:M. Carey Thomas
126:
68:
65:
61:
52:
49:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
876:
874:
866:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
810:
809:
806:
805:
801:2014-03-04 at
793:
788:
781:
780:External links
778:
775:
774:
756:
728:
719:"August, 1939"
710:
685:
671:
641:
622:
594:
575:
533:
515:
508:
477:
462:
436:
435:
433:
430:
429:
428:
423:
416:
413:
412:
411:
410:. Smith, 1978.
405:
398:Selected Poems
395:
389:
383:
366:
365:
360:
355:
349:
345:
342:
341:
336:
330:
329:
318:
317:
315:
312:
283:
280:
268:
267:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
234:
218:
215:
171:
168:
125:
122:
108:
107:
98:
97:Known for
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
64:(aged 95)
58:
54:
53:
50:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
875:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
804:
803:archive.today
800:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
779:
770:
766:
760:
757:
745:
739:
737:
735:
733:
729:
724:
720:
714:
711:
700:on 2015-04-09
699:
695:
689:
686:
681:
675:
672:
659:
655:
651:
645:
642:
637:
633:
626:
623:
612:on 2003-08-26
611:
607:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:
579:
576:
571:
565:
551:on 2017-07-02
550:
546:
540:
538:
534:
529:
522:
520:
516:
511:
509:9780252013959
505:
500:
499:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
478:
473:
466:
463:
452:on 2016-04-20
451:
447:
441:
438:
431:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
414:
409:
406:
403:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
377:
374:
373:
372:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
348:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
326:
321:
313:
310:
305:
303:
298:
295:
293:
289:
281:
279:
278:
272:
265:
261:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
228:
227:
226:
223:
216:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
199:Harry Hopkins
195:
191:
187:
183:
181:
177:
169:
167:
163:
161:
156:
154:
149:
146:She attended
144:
141:
137:
132:
123:
121:
118:
114:
106:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
60:March 3, 1984
59:
55:
48:June 19, 1888
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
768:
759:
748:. Retrieved
722:
713:
702:. Retrieved
698:the original
688:
674:
662:. Retrieved
658:the original
653:
644:
635:
625:
614:. Retrieved
610:the original
578:
553:. Retrieved
549:the original
527:
497:
471:
465:
454:. Retrieved
450:the original
440:
407:
397:
391:
385:
375:
370:
353:Online books
346:
324:
308:
301:
300:
296:
291:
287:
285:
273:
269:
224:
220:
196:
192:
188:
184:
173:
164:
157:
145:
140:Central Park
127:
112:
111:
62:(1984-03-03)
823:1984 deaths
818:1888 births
664:November 3,
233:, 1933–1943
73:Nationality
812:Categories
750:2014-03-03
704:2015-04-08
616:2014-03-03
555:2019-04-04
456:2019-04-04
432:References
89:Occupation
44:1888-06-19
380:Full text
240:1939–1943
197:In 1933,
799:Archived
586:Archived
564:cite web
415:See also
92:educator
76:American
262:of the
506:
322:about
266:, 1965
392:Poems
666:2022
570:link
504:ISBN
57:Died
38:Born
155:).
131:née
814::
767:.
731:^
721:.
652:.
634:.
597:^
566:}}
562:{{
536:^
518:^
480:^
753:.
725:.
707:.
668:.
619:.
572:)
558:.
512:.
459:.
103:/
46:)
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
