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33:
721:, published around the same time. Monte's highly readable book is rich in factual material and instructive discussion of the political and economic problems in Europe's future. It stresses, in particular, the recent opposition of the highly industrialized West and agrarian southeastern Europe; the export difficulties on the one hand, rural poverty on the other, crises, tensions and which involved uncertainty and was one of the causes of the war.
734:(OSS), who were looking for some 200 agents to obtain military and political news from Germany. The OSS held several training programs for the participants in a small private house outside London. The teachers were members of the U.S. Army, including several immigrants. The participants were briefed on practical aspects of everyday life in Nazi Germany, such as
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439:, gave advice on the economic and psychological war against Hitler. This book had magnificent reviews; the book is a rarity, since most of the edition happened to be in a warehouse at the port when it was destroyed by Nazi bombs. Even if, as a result, the book never became very widespread, some important people did know of it, and so many doors opened for me.
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was a book which I had written with Hilde Monte very soon after the war began because of previously ongoing preparations. She left
Germany just one day before the outbreak of war, but had previously been in England. She had recently experienced the psychological situation of the population in Germany. This book,
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to help smuggle individuals associated with the labour movement and money out of
Germany and into safety in the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland, as well as smuggling banned literature into the country. She then returned to Berlin, where she established underground socialist propaganda networks
434:
was a turning point in my work in exile. I separated myself from the organization, from the ISK at that point. After that, I was not political, but rather worked with unions; so then, in
England, I was a political loner. My admission ticket, to speak, to a more tolerable and fertile life in exile,
308:
Meisel became active with the ISK established friendships with political contacts in different countries. She lived in Paris for a time, from where she made regular trips back to
Germany to aid underground trade union groups, before relocating back to the UK in 1936. Writing under the pseudonym
213:
According to the Berlin address book, her parents lived in Berlin from 1915 until 1936. Meisel suffered with a physical problem until puberty, necessitating frequent trips with her mother to
Switzerland. In 1924, Meisel and her sister, Margot joined a German-Jewish youth group with socialist
738:, how to acquire an apartment and other bureaucratic requirements they'd need to navigate in order to find work. At the end of the course, they were trained in parachuting. Because the pending trips were secret, they were forbidden to talk to their friends about their plans.
650:
system and to work with the Allies to defeat Hitler. They also discussed the conditions and work of a future united socialist party in
Germany, exchanging ideas on a common objective so as not to repeat the mistakes of the Weimar Republic in a democratic, postwar Germany.
693:
Her ideas and comprehensive approaches to the economic integration of Europe were then published in her own book, "The Unity of Europe". Among other topics, it covered the economic requirements of a postwar Europe. Many German university students have written their
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What is happening today in Poland, the cold-blooded extermination of the Jewish people, this is being done in your name, in the name of the German people. Show evidence of your solidarity to these people, even if it requires courage - especially if it requires
422:
Meisel anglicised the spelling of her name from Hilde to Hilda. In her German manuscripts, however, she continued to use the original spelling. When she felt fearful about using her real name, she abbreviated it or used "Hilda Olday".
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They were transported by French farmers in an old open wagon to an unused tunnel, where they were met by an
English officer. He helped them reach Thonon-les-Bains, where they stayed four weeks, until they were picked up by
397:, for money to fund an assassination attempt on Hitler: according to him, he arranged for her to meet financial journalist Werner Knop, who agreed to provide support, although the attack did not materialise.
1456:
Hilda Monte and the Unity of Europe. Resistance, solidarity and planning in exile, 1933-1945, in: Robert Belot, Daniela Preda (eds.), Visions of Europe in the
Resistance. Figures, Projects, Networks, Ideals,
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in 1938. In so doing, she became a "British subject by marriage", allowing her to carry out her work in
England more easily and Meisel developed a busy career as a journalist, writing articles for
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190:
and Jew, it was extremely dangerous for her to do so. Other code names she used in exile were Hilde Olday, Selma Trier, Helen
Harriman, Eva Schneider, H. Monte, Hilda Monte and Hilde Monte.
528:, Hilde Meisel worked with the Central European Joint Committee, which was set up by émigrés to Great Britain to create propaganda and to analyze news and information coming from Germany.
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was published in 1942. It is the last book she wrote with Fritz Eberhard. About this project, Eberhard wrote, "On behalf of the Fabian Society, I wrote a small booklet with Hilda Monte,
826:
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813:(forced laborers) began trying to escape Germany by swimming their way to Switzerland, so the Germans, attempting to stanch the escape route, sealed off the border to Switzerland.
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Much of what is known about Meisel's life in England came from her husband, whose recollections were embellished. In 1946, she was identified as the mastermind behind the 1939
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309:"Hilda Monte", she brought like-minded comrades in Germany information. She also acted as a courier and smuggled literature into Germany and helped those under threat by the
663:(BBC) geared toward German workers, worked with the education program of the British forces, and toward the end of the war, got involved again with the ISK group in London.
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in 1932 and Meisel contributed a number of articles, writing about the economic problems in France, England and Spain. In 1932, Meisel also began studying art in London.
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On 17 April 1945, while trying to cross the border illegally from German-occupied Austria into Liechtenstein, Meisel was shot when she made a dash for the frontier at
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on 26 January 1938, "In Dachau Camp. The Tragic Case of Hans Litten". These efforts were without success; Litten committed suicide just days later on 5 February 1938.
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in magazines, books and in radio broadcasts. She acted as a courier and repeatedly undertook secret operations in Germany, Austria, France and Portugal, although as a
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628:
Founded in spring 1941 at the request of the British Labour Party, the Union was a consortium of German Socialist refugees from several German political parties,
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1356:
Friedrich Ebert Foundation, official website. Issued by the London Representative of the German Social Democratic Party (December 1943). Retrieved July 2, 2010
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in 1915. They had previously lived there and her older sister had been born there in 1912. Meisel's father exported and imported household goods for a living.
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in October 1937, Meisel began to work intensively to secure his release. She corresponded with other supporters and arranged to publish an article in the
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643:
247:
1707:
1369:
1096:"Sozialistische Europapläne während des 2. Weltkriegs am Beispiel des Internationalen Sozialistischen Kampf-Bundes und der Socialist Vanguard Group"
230:, his childhood friend and the ideological head of the group. Margot later became FĂĽrst's wife and Litten's secretary. After Litten's arrest by the
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535:, which was responsible for secret operations in Europe. Meisel's experience and skills from her underground work led to her being dispatched to
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for her (in her pen name, Hilda Monte), in Berlin (see photo, above). There is a permanent display about Hilde Meisel at the Jewish Museum in
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796:. Meisel was assigned as a courier to Jupp Kappius, a German socialist who had been dispatched to Germany to carry out sabotage operations.
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In autumn 1939, feeling that the ISK was not being militant enough against the Nazis, Meisel left the ISK along with Fritz Eberhard and
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807:. The Bertholets maintained a weekend home there, called "Al Forno", which was used by emigrants as a residence. In autumn 1944,
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to discuss returning to Germany to engage in acts of sabotage, but they declined. A little later, Meisel made contact with
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Meisel attended the Berlin Lyceum from 1924 to 1929. She then went to England, where her uncle, the conductor and composer
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for a period in 1941, where she acted as a courier of international telegrams using the codes of both SOE and Auerbach's
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234:, as his secretary, she was able to maintain contact with him for a time; she worked tirelessly to secure his freedom.
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Heiner Lindner, "Um etwas zu erreichen, muss man sich etwas vornehmen, von dem man glaubt, dass es unmöglich sei" in
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Ethik des Widerstands. Der Kampf des Internationalen Sozialistischen Kampfbundes (ISK) gegen den Nationalsozialismus.
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Meisel was born to Rosa and Ernst Meisel, the younger of two daughters in a middle-class, German Jewish family in
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625:" launched to plan and prepare a reorganization of the system of education and upbringing in postwar Germany.
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After the Gillies Committee was dissolved in 1941, she continued working till 1943 with the trade unionist
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cited in Peter Koblank, "Union Time, Hilda Monte und der Illegale 'A'", Online-Edition Mythos Elser 2006
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One surviving radio manuscript, written in mid-December 1942, deals with the murder of European Jews.
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1101:, official website. InternetgestĂĽtzten Lehre (IGL) am Institut fĂĽr Geschichte. Retrieved 9 July 2010
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1569:(ITF) im Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus unter besonderer BerĂĽcksichtigung der Seeleute.
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Sonderausgabe der Evangelische Kirchengemeinde A.u.H.B. (11-2005), p. 13. Retrieved 12 July 2010
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Ideas about Europe in the German and French Resistance to National Socialism from 1933/40 to 1945
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717:), Hilda Monte debates the status of Germany in a new Europe; in principle, in the same sense as
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to escape from Germany. Meisel also wrote for, and served as a member of the editorial board of,
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with Austrian artist Hannes Hammerschmidt and his wife Tess. Also at this time, she approached
301:. In 1934, she interrupted her art studies and began taking courses in national economy at the
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Supplement: Survey of the discussion on the future of Germany in daily papers and periodicals
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assassination attempt on Hitler's life, though convincing evidence of this is unverifiable.
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Frankfurter Rundschau Online, official website. (19 February 2009). Retrieved 9 July 2010
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Volume 107, Cambridge University Press (1 January 1994), p. 183. Retrieved 11 July 2010
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Der Freiheit verpflichtet. Gedenkbuch der deutschen Sozialdemokratie im 20. Jahrhundert
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499:("European Revolution Broadcasting Station"), it first went on the air 7 October 1940.
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1247:(PDF) Dissertation in two files (abstract in English at the end of file 2), pp. 51-52
326:, an exile publication of the ISK, writing primarily about problems with the economy.
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1341:(PDF) German Resistance Memorial Center, Berlin, pp. 23-24. Retrieved June 18, 2010
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How to Conquer Hitler: A Plan of Economic and Moral Warfare of the Nazi Home Front
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Das Gewissen steht auf. 64 Lebensbilder aus dem deutschen Widerstand 1933–1945.
1168:(PDF) Deutscher Anwaltverein, Deutscher Anwaltverlag (February 1998) pp. 75-81
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and Eberhard to form a discussion group that would work in the fight against
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In early 1940, Meisel and Eberhard were appointed to be advisors with the
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Fritz Eberhard mentioned his association with Meisel in exile in England.
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459:(1899–1942). Even during the war, Meisel kept trying to go to Germany.
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There are two streets named after Hilde Meisel, Hilda-Monte-StraĂźe in
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1354:"Sozialistische Mitteilungen: News for German Socialists in England"
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In summer 1944, Meisel was recruited for the "Faust Project" of the
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Der Internationale Sozialistische Kampfbund und seine Publikationen
784:, where they were given new identification documents and went with
419:. It is believed that the greater portion was written by Eberhard.
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Denkmalsfigur. Biographische Annäherung an Hans Litten 1903 - 1938
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Knut Bergbauer, Sabine Fröhlich and Stephanie Schüler-Springorum,
856:. Shot in the thigh, she bled to death while still on the border.
845:, to establish links with Austrian resistance groups from Ticino.
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393:, left-wing Labour MP and one of the financiers and founders of
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and proceeded from the idea that not all Germans were Nazis."
245:. That same year, she undertook her first activities with the
202:. With hostilities breaking out that resulted in the start of
417:– A Plan of Economic and Moral Warfare of the Nazi Home Front
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shortly afterwards, and Meisel began getting active with the
1138:"Widerstand gegen Hitler: Den Namenlosen ein Denkmal setzen"
1034:, Vol. 13, 1938, No. 36 (9 September 1938), pp. 845–848
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Near the end of the war, Meisel, Beyer, Hanna Bertholet and
305:. She also began publishing numerous articles on economics.
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socialist and journalist who published articles against the
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with Walter Auerbach, Fritz Eberhard, Otto Kahn-Freund and
690:, but left the project because of differences of opinion.
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The Next Germany. A Basis of Discussion on Peace in Europe
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As the situation with Litten deteriorated when he went to
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German Resistance Memorial Center. Retrieved 11 June 2010
1016:, Vol. 13, 1938, No. 12 (25 March 1938), pp. 267–270
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received an invitation from the American headquarters in
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Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
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Map link to Hilda-Monte-StraĂźe, 59192 Bergkamen, Germany
1187:, Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin (1997) p. 43
1028:, Vol. 13, 1938, No. 28 (15 July 1938), pp. 658–662
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Union of German Socialist Organisations in Great Britain
1022:, Vol. 13, 1938, No. 26 (1 July 1938), pp. 603–609
1010:, Vol. 12, 1937, No. 10 (15 May 1937), pp. 220–222
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of Hamburg. There is a memorial dedicated to Meisel in
610:, Fritz Eberhard and Otto Kahn-Freund to establish the
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1934 referendum on elevating Hitler from Chancellor to
222:. Margot became friendly with the leader of the group,
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Shortly thereafter, Meisel and Beyer traveled to the
646:. They set themselves to work on the downfall of the
756:. The original plan was for them to be dropped near
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The Ministry of Economic Warfare also contained the
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Map link to Hilda-Monte-Weg, 21035 Hamburg, Germany
561:. It was written as a letter to the members of the
491:. They were to develop concrete plans to set up a "
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998:, Vol. 9, 1934, No. 8 (December), pp. 192–201
1004:, Vol. 11, 1936, No. 1 (January), pp. 13–16
776:. Surreptitiously, they crossed the border into
705:: News for German Socialists in England" wrote,
1565:Widerstand und internationale Solidarität. Die
1251:, Faculty of Humanities. Retrieved 9 July 2010
1143:, No. 31 (23 July 2004). Retrieved 8 July 2010
342:To avoid being deported, Meisel entered into a
659:Meisel also appeared on the broadcasts of the
218:, which was part of the liberal German-Jewish
875:for Hilde Meisel in her pen name, Hilda Monte
251:(ISK), a socialist group that split from the
8:
1435:Union Time, Hilda Monte und der Illegale 'A'
926:- Europäische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg (1950)
899:, Austria, not far from where she was born.
162:(31 July 1914 – 17 April 1945) was a Jewish
1567:Internationale Transportarbeiter-Föderation
1302:p. 292, Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen (2008)
1020:Die wirtschaftliche Unabhaengigkeit der CSR
612:German Educational Reconstruction Committee
541:International Transport Workers' Federation
1683:People of the Office of Strategic Services
1458:Bruxelles, Peter Lang, 2022, pp. 393–420,
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1693:Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany
1688:Female resistance members of World War II
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377:. In addition she was a lecturer for the
248:Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund
1644:from the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, in
1213:"The Tribunite who Tried to Kill Hitler"
1068:Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschland,
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701:Both books were published in 1943. The "
1723:German civilians killed in World War II
1635:official website. Retrieved 8 July 2010
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682:Originally, Meisel worked on the book,
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991:(Pen name used is given in brackets)
263:. The ISK established its own press,
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1619:Literature by and about Hilde Meisel
1491:Gefilte Fisch und wie es weiterging.
1211:Barnett, Marcus (27 December 2021).
979:- Victor Gollancz Ltd, London (1947)
709:In a short chapter of her new book,
294:and organised efforts to oppose the
259:and was active in the fight against
1438:, Online-Edition Mythos Elser 2006
1072:. SchĂĽren, Marburg (2000), p. 227.
1045:List of Germans who resisted Nazism
634:Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
407:Writing as Hilda Monte, Meisel and
1399:Google Maps. Retrieved 8 July 2010
1387:Google Maps. Retrieved 8 July 2010
497:Sender der europäischen Revolution
464:Sender der europäischen Revolution
381:. During this period she lived in
14:
1718:Lists of stolpersteine in Germany
839:, who later became editor of the
569:German Educational Reconstruction
241:, was then living and working in
86:
1596:
1479:Willi Eichler, "Hilda Monte" in
661:British Broadcasting Corporation
379:Workers' Educational Association
214:revolutionary ideas, called the
174:in England, she wrote under the
1708:20th-century German journalists
1571:Klartext Verlag, Essen (2001),
1339:"Arbeit gegen das Dritte Reich"
1264:Short biography of Hilde Meisel
16:German socialist and journalist
741:In September 1944, Meisel and
1:
1698:Jews in the German resistance
1628:Photo gallery of Hilde Meisel
1493:Dt. Taschenbuch-Verl. (2004)
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788:to a meeting of the group in
726:Secret mission to Switzerland
1713:Deaths by firearm in Austria
1641:Sozialistischce Mitteilungen
1483:, Vol. 2, No. 4, April 1947
794:Willem Adolf Visser 't Hooft
732:Office of Strategic Services
573:In 1942, Meisel worked with
533:Special Operations Executive
526:Minister of Economic Warfare
495:" radio station. Called the
77:Alpine and Danube Reichsgaue
1530:Edited in cooperation with
941:. - Jarrolds, London (1940)
883:and Hilda-Monte-Weg in the
703:Sozialistische Mitteilungen
206:, the family moved back to
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1623:Friedrich Ebert Foundation
1538:, Berlin-Frankfurt (1955)
1014:Evolutionaerer Kommunismus
303:London School of Economics
194:Early political influences
132:London School of Economics
57:Republic of German-Austria
1633:Jewish Museum of Hohenems
1473:Frankfurt am Main (1991)
1325:International Law Reports
480:, under the direction of
387:North Riding of Yorkshire
331:Dachau concentration camp
178:Hilda Monte, calling for
30:
1621:in the catalogue of the
1185:Neue Deutsche Biographie
1182:Biography of Hilda Monte
1032:Die Erschliessung Polens
698:theses using this book.
586:Werner Milch (germanist)
346:with the British-German
1613:German National Library
1471:Politik ist mein Leben.
1249:University of Stuttgart
996:Der Griff nach der Saar
961:, with introduction by
945:Help Germany to revolt!
555:Help Germany to Revolt!
548:Help Germany to Revolt!
344:marriage of convenience
1310:Retrieved 9 June 2010
1282:"Wer war Hilda Monte?"
973:Where freedom perished
910:Meisel's literary work
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559:Help Germany to Revolt
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1544:Sabine Lemke-MĂĽller,
1536:Karl Dietrich Bracher
1370:"Karl-Gerold-Platz 1"
1050:Soldatensender Calais
1008:Neues Labour-Programm
963:Henry Noel Brailsford
935:How to conquer Hitler
924:Gedichte Hans Lehnert
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842:Frankfurter Rundschau
805:Intragna, Switzerland
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524:On assignment by the
437:How to conquer Hitler
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402:How to conquer Hitler
170:in Germany. While in
1639:Hilde Meisel in the
1605:at Wikimedia Commons
1164:18 July 2011 at the
1158:Unvergessener Anwalt
1099:University of Vienna
1094:Thomas TretzmĂĽller,
1002:Krise und Ausbeutung
986:Sozialistische Warte
621:, a project of the "
363:Sozialistische Warte
316:Sozialistische Warte
289:, briefly moving to
220:Wanderbund-Kameraden
1678:Writers from Vienna
1414:6 July 2011 at the
1409:"Hilde Monte grave"
1026:Ungarn vor der Wahl
967:Victor Gollancz Ltd
959:The Unity of Europe
949:Victor Gollancz Ltd
919:As Hilde Meisel:
915:Books and brochures
711:The Unity of Europe
677:The Unity of Europe
599:, Walter Auerbach,
336:Manchester Guardian
277:In 1933, the Nazis
1510:, Weinheim (1996)
1241:Frédéric Stephan,
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792:, centered around
713:(published by the
519:National Socialism
1601:Media related to
1508:Mit Mut und Liebe
1464:978-2-87574-452-4
1454:Andreas Wilkens:
1368:Matthias Arning,
885:Bergedorf quarter
601:Werner Burmeister
471:Gillies Committee
287:German Resistance
180:German resistance
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762:Thonon-les-Bains
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719:The Next Germany
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1449:Further reading
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1416:Wayback Machine
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1653:(in English)
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1609:Hilde Meisel
1603:Hilde Meisel
1581:Dissertation
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1548:Bonn (1996)
1545:
1532:Willy Brandt
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68:(1945-04-17)
50:31 July 1914
25:Hilde Meisel
18:
1673:1945 deaths
1668:1914 births
1646:(in German)
1585:(in German)
1559:(in German)
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1540:(in German)
1520: [
1512:(in German)
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1489:Max FĂĽrst,
1485:(in German)
1475:(in German)
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1358:(in German)
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1253:(in German)
1224:28 December
1189:(in German)
1170:(in German)
1145:(in German)
1141:der Freitag
1103:(in German)
1081:(in German)
836:Karl Gerold
818:Anne Kapius
778:Switzerland
766:Lake Geneva
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255:during the
228:Hans Litten
204:World War I
168:Nazi regime
103:Hilde Monte
91:Selma Trier
88:Hilde Olday
1662:Categories
1056:References
977:Jennie Lee
803:Alps near
743:Anna Beyer
411:published
355:John Olday
352:cartoonist
152:John Olday
113:Journalist
110:Occupation
46:1914-07-31
1615:catalogue
889:Feldkirch
881:Bergkamen
854:Feldkirch
827:‹See Tfd›
648:Hitlerian
368:Left News
283:Der Funke
266:Der Funke
224:Max FĂĽrst
176:pseudonym
122:Economics
118:Education
73:Feldkirch
1412:Archived
1162:Archived
1039:See also
951:and the
897:Hohenems
752:flew to
671:courage.
642:and the
383:Sleights
100:H. Monte
83:Pen name
1611:in the
1218:Tribune
937:, with
764:, near
432:the war
395:Tribune
385:in the
374:Tribune
311:Gestapo
291:Cologne
232:Gestapo
1583:2000)
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891:and a
873:Berlin
860:Legacy
831:German
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782:Zurich
754:France
696:diplom
632:, the
630:Sopade
537:Lisbon
415:Hitler
298:Fuhrer
261:Nazism
243:London
208:Berlin
200:Vienna
184:Nazism
164:German
148:Spouse
53:Vienna
1524:]
852:near
850:Tisis
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172:exile
1648:and
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1534:and
1495:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1226:2021
1074:ISBN
822:Bern
758:Lyon
371:and
350:and
226:and
63:Died
40:Born
871:in
655:BBC
644:ISK
253:SPD
182:to
1664::
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44:(
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