620:
858:
921:
909:
894:
882:
632:
870:
945:
933:
960:
975:
607:. The capital was located in Mariuá (between 1755-1791 and 1799–1808), and in São José da Barra do Rio Negro (1791-1799 and 1808–1821). In 1832, the so-called Lages Revolt demanded the autonomy of Amazonas as a separate province from Pará. The rebellion was suppressed, but the people from Amazonas managed to send a representative to the Imperial Court, Friar José dos Santos Innocentes, who achieved the creation of the Comarca do Alto Amazonas. During the
564:, set up a commission based in Mariuá in 1754. In 1755, the Captaincy of São José do Rio Negro was created in present-day Amazonas, subordinate to Grão-Pará. The territory included Roraima, part of Acre and part of what is now Mato Grosso. The colonial government granted privileges and freedoms to anyone willing to emigrate to the region, such as tax exemption for 16 years in a row. In the same year, the
219:
146:, the Paleoindian phase is expected to have lived around 9,200 years ago. It is also believed that the Paleoindigenous groups of the Amazon, like those of South America, were different from the Paleo-Indians of North America. The Archaic phase would have taken place between 6,000 years ago and 1,000 years ago and the Late Prehistoric phase developed possibly between 1,000 years BC and 1,000 years AD.
155:
others; it was based on fruit gathering, hunting and fishing, and later developed a culture of exploiting fish and gathering molluscs. In the Pedra
Pintada cave, food remains and spearheads were found, suggesting their use in hunting large animals, especially large fish. However, they are not considered an indication of specialization in this type of activity, only in general hunting and gathering.
159:
the region of the present-day states of
Amazonas and Pará, ceramics began to be made along the Amazon river around 6,000 BC. This cultural trend was accentuated between 2,000 years and 1,000 years B.C. with a high production of incised decorative ceramics, some of which featured geometric paintings in red and white. Also during this period, the formation of root vegetable growers began, mainly
549:
2067:
2079:
673:. In 1866, the Amazon river was opened to international navigation and foreign companies, mainly British, began to invest in the region. The profitability of rubber created fortunes, financed the growth of Manaus and attracted immigrants. The province began to receive immigrants from various parts of Brazil (mainly northeasterners, fleeing the
379:
485:. However, missionary activity was seen as a foreign occupation and the Portuguese Crown ordered the expulsion of the Jesuits from the region. The military campaigns against the colonies took place between 1691 and 1697 under the command of Inácio Correia de Oliveira, Antônio de Miranda and José Antunes da Fonseca on the Solimões and
643:. In order to deal with the financial difficulties of the administration, he managed to get the government to redirect part of the funds from Pará and Maranhão for a few years, in order to supplement the Amazonas budget. With this money, Aranha founded a printing press and circulated the first newspaper in the state,
798:
In 1953, in an attempt to restore growth in the region, the federal government created the
Superintendence of the Amazon Economic Valorization Plan (SPVEA) in order to release funds for investment in infrastructure, such as the construction of the Manaus-Porto Velho and Manaus-Boa Vista highways. In
158:
The
Archaic phase was more diverse than the Paleoindigenous. The inhabitants of the Archaic period used new food resources, exploring regions such as steppes, lakes and coastlines. Hunting was not specialized in large animals and there was an increase in plant gathering and animal domestication. In
206:
The Amazon served as a home and support for these societies for around 2,000 years, but there was a regression with the arrival of the
Europeans. Gradually, the original population of the tribes was exterminated through numerous wars and conflicts with the Portuguese and Spanish. Many of the local
154:
The population of the
Paleoindian culture was small, dispersed, nomadic and organized their societies in small bands. South American groups focused on hunting small animals and gathering molluscs and plants. The Amazonian Paleo-Indian phase, which emerged around 9,200 B.C., had similarities to the
111:
However, the main name given to the river was Rio de las
Amazonas, due to the supposed victorious resistance of warrior natives against the invaders, reported by the Spanish expeditionaries. The information was so relevant that the Hispanic crown became aware of it through stories that referred to
233:
Originally, in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of
Tordesillas, the area of what is now Amazonas was not part of Portuguese lands, but remained under Spanish control. The first European to travel the entire length of the Amazon river was the Spaniard Francisco de Orellana, between 1539 and
174:
The Late
Prehistoric period takes place between 1,000 BC and 1,000 AD and is characterized by the emergence of indigenous societies with a high degree of economic, demographic, political, social development and cultural domains. The Amazon was a favorable environment for the development of these
790:
With the end of the rubber production cycle, the economy of
Amazonas went into decline once again. The state went through a crisis, the treasury lost revenue and practically reached zero, even neglecting to pay state employees for four years in a row. In 1924, Amazonas joined São Paulo in a
207:
inhabitants retreated into the forests, where they formed different tribal organizations, while others ended up dying, victims of contagious diseases unknown until then, causing their populations to disappear completely from the riverbanks. The pacified native inhabitants were enslaved.
668:
rivers, paving the way for the installation of latex extraction stations. This new activity sustained the economy of Amazonas from the 1850s onwards. In 1853, the Companhia de Navegação e Comércio da Amazônia was founded, with investment from the
611:, between 1835 and 1840, Amazonas remained loyal to the imperial government and did not join the revolt. As a kind of reward, Amazonas definitively separated from Pará and became an autonomous province in 1850, with Manaus as its capital in 1856.
1391:
696:
The capital, Manaus, was expanded and urbanized in order to acquire the appearance of a European metropolis. Streams were filled in and wide avenues and boulevards opened up. The construction of the Amazon Theater, the
1315:
249:
Orellana claimed to have encountered and fought a tribe of warrior women, which is why he named the course "the river of the Amazons", in reference to the characters from Greek mythology. One of Orellana's companions,
186:
The Amazon witnessed the development of the tesos builders, artificial flood embankments on which villages were built. This culture was soon succeeded by hierarchical and complex societies, which emerged mainly in the
35:, the site belonged to the Spanish Kingdom, but was later annexed by the Portuguese Crown. The state's international borders, undefined after Brazil's independence in 1822, were demarcated during the signing of the
1538:
787:. By 1920, there was practically no more latex extraction and Brazil contributed only 2% of world production. In the same year, Acre was dismembered from Amazonas, becoming a territory and, in 1962, a state.
579:
In 1772, the captaincy was renamed Grão-Pará and Rio Negro and Maranhão was dismembered. When the Royal Family moved to Brazil, manufacturers were allowed to set up shop and Amazonas began to produce cotton,
1875:
846:
in Manaus. Currently, the company is responsible for most of the investments in the state, including the PIATAM (environmental research) projects and the construction of the Coari-Manaus gas pipeline.
1267:
573:
1687:
210:
However, the current indigenous societies of the Amazon do not have any traits reminiscent of complex communities from the Late Prehistoric period, with the exception of a few material traces.
1810:
1291:
175:
prehistoric societies, since they flourished on the banks of large rivers, which were numerous in the region. According to archaeological and ethno-historical data, the Amazon and
920:
800:
857:
371:
in 1640, the state of Maranhão returned to the sovereignty of Portugal. At that time, the Portuguese were already promoting regular expeditions in the Amazon and the lower
1922:
908:
670:
441:
was founded by the Portuguese captain Francisco da Mota Falcão. The fortification served as a base for the settlement of the Amazonas, allowing the navigation up the
53:, which coincides with the European invasion in the 16th and 17th centuries and the socio-political dismantling of complex societies that occupied the channel of the
764:
was appointed as the federal government's interventor. Politics suffered successive crises, with disputes sponsored by rubber entrepreneurs such as local caudillos
2099:
791:
civic-regionalist movement that demanded that the natives of the region take back political and cultural leadership. In 1943, as part of the defense strategy in
1948:
120:. The expeditionary Orellana was given the right to explore the new lands, a fact that was not realized due to his disappearance at the mouth of the river.
705:, among other exemplary buildings, date back to this period. The population of Amazonas increased fivefold between 1870 and 1900, from 50,000 to 250,000.
382:
The expeditions of Orellana and Pedro Teixeira traveled the entire length of the Amazon river, from its mouth (on the right) to the Ecuador (on the left).
321:
in 1580, the Tordesillas line lost its practical effect. At the same time, Spain's enemies felt free to make incursions into Portuguese overseas domains.
893:
881:
251:
1514:
348:
in December of that same year, nucleus of the present-day city of Belém. The territory was incorporated into the state of Maranhão, created in 1621 by
1662:
1421:
520:
The French and Spanish returned to raid the region, but the Portuguese decided to close the Madeira river to foreign navigation in 1732. However, the
494:
1825:
834:
was the main political leader, serving as governor three times until he was accused of corruption in the 1990s. In 1987, the discovery of oil in the
303:) from 1596. Early on, the economy of the Amazon region was based on extractivism and not on sugar agro-manufacturing, as in other colonial regions.
74:
58:
795:, the border territories of Rio Branco (now Roraima) and Guaporé (now Rondônia) were also dismembered from Amazonas, sparking protests in Manaus.
944:
576:
to forcibly expel all the Jesuits, who were accused of turning the natives against the metropolis and not teaching them the Portuguese language.
565:
561:
134:
Amazonian prehistory is usually divided into three phases: Paleoindigenous, Archaic and Late Prehistoric. According to food remains found in the
619:
70:
2037:
1989:
757:
584:, ceramics and candles. In 1821, Grão Pará and Rio Negro became the unified Province of Grão-Pará. The following year, Brazil proclaimed its
1340:
932:
2024:
1760:
869:
2104:
453:, from where the Orinoco was reached. The first settlers faced hostility from the natives, such as the tribes of the Manaós, led by the
36:
721:
557:
266:, who went mad from tropical delirium. Cruel in every respect, Aguirre also killed his fifteen-year-old daughter and several natives.
341:
779:
The rubber cycle lasted until 1913, when the price of the product on the international market fell sharply due to competition from
96:
in reference to the river of the same name, which was called so by the Spanish in the expeditionary historical accounts of Friars
20:
560:
of 1750 confirmed Portuguese possession of the area. In order to study and demarcate the boundaries, the governor of the state,
1463:
812:
129:
1901:""Papagaio que está trocando as penas não fala": Autoritarismo e disputas políticas no Amazonas no contexto do Golpe de 1964"
823:
was created, a tax-free center for high-tech industries. The hub began to grow five years later, in 1972, at the end of the
556:
The state of Maranhão became Grão-Pará e Maranhão in 1737 and its headquarters were transferred from São Luís to Belém. The
438:
226:
31:
is the result of treaties, religious missions and a few indigenous rebellions in the Amazon territory. Initially, under the
1488:
974:
773:
2057:
1562:
820:
808:
166:
The main materials made during the Archaic phase were chipped stone tools and reddish ceramics shaped like open gourds.
783:, where rubber tree seeds had been smuggled in years before. The Hevea company, a major player in the sector, moved to
92:, the state was designated São José da Barra do Rio Negro on September 5, 1850. The new province was named Amazonas by
1149:
1185:
959:
537:
502:
108:, the stream was called Grande, Mar Dulce or even Río de la Canela, because of the large cinnamon trees found there.
62:
258:
in 1556. A new expedition in 1561 tried to repeat Orellana's achievement, but almost didn't succeed: the commander,
2010:
Monteiro, Mário Ypiranga (1949). "A capitania de São José do Rio Negro : antecedentes históricos e fundação".
761:
749:
368:
329:
532:, and creating an Amazonian trade hub between Cuiabá, Manaus and Belém. Portuguese fortifications were erected in
254:, published reports of the expedition describing the riches and inhabitants of the region, which were released in
899:
804:
742:
713:
400:
104:. When Orellana traveled down the present-day Amazon river in search of gold and spices in 1541, heading for the
717:
765:
569:
486:
135:
85:) was elevated to the category of village and became the administrative capital of the Captaincy of Rio Negro.
631:
1443:
1044:
1020:
816:
769:
1850:
1736:
843:
753:
702:
585:
459:
1341:"Monções no rio Madeira: as expedições de Francisco de Melo Palheta (1722) e Manuel Félix de Lima (1742)"
592:
101:
32:
645:
139:
1785:
299:
712:
also stimulated scientific expeditions to catalog the biodiversity of the Amazon. In 1883, Professor
698:
640:
345:
192:
1976:
709:
429:, in Pará, near its mouth. It was the first Luso-Brazilian expedition of extensive reconnaissance.
349:
200:
1085:
1611:
1422:"A conquista e a ocupação da Amazônia brasileira no período colonial: a definição das fronteiras"
831:
729:
442:
333:
318:
312:
97:
93:
78:
1366:
591:
In the mid-19th century, the first settlements were founded, originating the current cities of
2033:
1985:
996:
991:
824:
725:
474:
259:
50:
1712:
1242:
367:, and founding the present-day town of Franciscana, already in Peruvian territory. With the
340:, which was conquered at the end of 1615 by Portuguese-Spanish troops. After this conquest,
89:
49:
The period of greatest human development in the lowlands of the Amazon is known as the late
1900:
568:
was created to stimulate the local economy. In 1757, the first governor of the captaincy,
510:
489:
on the Madeira. The Spanish missionaries were replaced by Portuguese missionaries, mainly
263:
180:
117:
43:
1587:
1688:"Símbolo da resistência, Província do Amazonas declarou abolição da escravatura em 1884"
2083:
950:
784:
657:
624:
514:
478:
414:
356:
325:
281:, who set up factories on the banks of the region's largest rivers to extract wood and
105:
57:
and inland. The territory was once part of a Portuguese administrative unit called the
552:
The occupation of the Amazon took place in sparse settlements due to the dense forest.
2093:
2071:
1923:"Petrobras conclui venda da Refinaria Isaac Sabbá, em Manaus, por US$ 257,2 milhões"
733:
372:
40:
1127:
524:
José Leme do Prado and Manuel Félix de Lima explored the area, descending as far as
792:
686:
482:
446:
405:
394:
278:
218:
179:
rivers were the main places where these organizations settled in South America and
54:
819:
highway, but it was abandoned. The main impetus for growth came in 1967, when the
693:. At its peak, almost 100% of the world's rubber production came from the Amazon.
410:
2000:
1110:
497:. The settlements that would give rise to today's Barcelos (then called Mariuá),
760:
was proclaimed on November 15, 1889, the province became a state and Lieutenant
674:
665:
661:
529:
418:
337:
277:
and Pará), due to its economic exploitation, was carried out by the English and
270:
243:
196:
1636:
685:. The population spread further and further west, leading to the settlement of
548:
238:
to the Atlantic Ocean. At the time, the story spread that the mythical city of
600:
490:
1635:
Peixoto, Ariane; Guedes-Bruni, Rejan; Haverroth, Moacir; SIlva, Inês (2012).
1214:
199:, in Amazonas. These organizations produced refined ceramics, known today as
965:
839:
608:
596:
533:
422:
239:
65:, but was transferred to the city of Santa Maria de Belém do Grão-Pará (now
689:, already in Bolivian territory, which caused the conflict that led to the
525:
426:
344:
was designated to move towards the mouth of the Amazon river, founding the
188:
1316:"A Restauração: o fim da União Ibérica e as consequências para a colônia"
780:
690:
463:
274:
66:
1292:"A expedição de Pedro Teixeira e o "tesouro escondido" dos missionários"
1637:"Saberes e práticas sobre plantas: a contribuição de Barbosa Rodrigues"
756:
by four years, decreeing the end of slavery on July 10, 1884. When the
738:
678:
604:
498:
470:
455:
450:
364:
294:
290:
176:
160:
143:
113:
1489:"Cabanagem (1835-1840): Uma revolução radical no coração da Amazônia"
255:
82:
1949:"Urucu completa 30 anos de exploração de petróleo em plena Amazônia"
466:, who attacked the settlements and destroyed houses and facilities.
378:
19:
81:. Between the mid-18th and 19th centuries, Barra do Rio Negro (now
835:
630:
618:
547:
506:
377:
360:
286:
282:
235:
217:
18:
682:
581:
1515:"Amazonas comemora elevação do estado à categoria de província"
1563:""CINCO DE SETEMBRO" O PRIMEIRO JORNAL A CIRCULAR NO AMAZONAS"
1539:"TENREIRO ARANHA FOI O 1º PRESIDENTE DA PROVÍNCIA DO AMAZONAS"
1186:"A floresta habitada: História da ocupação humana na Amazônia"
359:
traveled up and down the course of the Amazon river, reaching
1150:"A METAFORIZAÇÃO DA AMAZÔNIA EM TEXTOS DE EUCLIDES DA CUNHA"
332:
to explore the region. In the same year, the French founded
540:, Maribatanas and São Joaquim, leading to new settlements.
1464:"Um breve histórico da formação do estado do Amazonas – V"
46:
groups, dated around 11,200 years before the present day.
1392:"Manaus comemora nesta quarta-feira 349 anos de fundação"
1663:"Manoel Urbano da Encarnação: o explorador do Rio Purus"
112:
the river as the Amazon in reference to the myth of the
39:. Archaeological research suggests past occupations by
1761:"História do Acre: de 59 anos de emancipação à Estado"
242:
would be located somewhere between the Amazon and the
2055:
1975:
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique; Muller, Geraldo (2008).
1874:
Maisonnave, Fabiano; Almeida, Lalo de (2016-10-22).
1811:"OS TERRITÓRIOS FEDERAIS E A SUA EVOLUÇÃO NO BRASIL"
566:
Companhia Geral do Comércio do Grão-Pará e Maranhão
469:In order to catechize and pacify the natives, the
801:Superintendence for the Development of the Amazon
736:explored the forest, almost always guided by the
437:In 1669, in the area where Manaus is today, the
926:Great Hall of the Amazon Theater, Manaus, 1906.
838:region was announced. In the following decade,
473:(mostly Spanish) built colonies, mainly in the
677:) and also from neighboring countries such as
1045:"Tratados de Fixação de Limites Territoriais"
8:
1899:Queirós, César Augusto Bubolz (2017-11-01).
639:The first president of the new province was
355:Between 1637 and 1639, an expedition led by
336:on the island of São Luís, off the coast of
2047:Santos, Roberto Araujo de Oliveira (1977).
1148:Guedelha, Carlos Antônio Magalhães (2013).
720:. Brazilian and foreign scientists such as
273:of the Amazon river (present-day states of
73:after the administrative foundation of the
2049:História Econômica da Amazônia (1800-1920)
914:Facade of the Public Market, Manaus, 1906.
768:and Guerreiro Antoni. In 1910, during the
1984:. Centro Edelstein de Pesquisas Sociais.
1644:Revista Brasileira de História da Ciência
1420:Rezende, Tadeu Valdir Freitas de (2006).
1086:"As fases de ocupação humana da Amazônia"
1444:"Amazonas, 5 de setembro (breves notas)"
425:, and traveled down the Amazon river to
2062:
1007:
853:
2005:. Impr. Oficial do Estado do Amazonas.
1129:Descubrimiento del río de las Amazonas
439:Fort of São José da Barra do Rio Negro
227:Historical Museum of the State of Pará
23:Coat of arms of the state of Amazonas.
16:Historical aspects of Amazonas, Brazil
2100:History of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
1999:Loureiro, Antonio José Souto (1978).
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
799:1966, the agency was replaced by the
572:, took office and was ordered by the
7:
2023:Reis, Arthur Cézar Ferreira (2021).
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1208:
1206:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1109:Santos, Francisco Jorge dos (2006).
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1015:
1013:
1011:
887:15 de Novembro Square, Manaus, 1906.
811:in 2003. Between 1964 and 1985, the
774:Antônio Clemente Ribeiro Bittencourt
562:Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado
252:Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés
2026:A Amazônia e a Cobiça Internacional
1686:Nunes, Juliana Cézar (2018-05-11).
1442:Lopes, Júlio Antonio (2020-09-07).
649:. Progress introduced river trade.
297:, resins and others (the so-called
1876:"TRANSAMAZÔNICA: crime e abandono"
1809:Porto, Jadson Luís Rebelo (1999).
544:Captaincy of São José do Rio Negro
150:Paleoindigenous and Archaic Phases
75:Captaincy of São José do Rio Negro
14:
2032:. ACADEMIA AMAZONENSE DE LETRAS.
1978:Amazônia: Expansão do Capitalismo
938:View of the city of Manaus, 1906.
776:was deposed and then reinstated.
701:, the Port Customs House and the
342:Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco
262:, was murdered by his successor,
2077:
2065:
1947:Oliveira, Nielmar (2016-12-10).
973:
958:
943:
931:
919:
907:
892:
880:
868:
863:View of Tabatinga, 19th century.
856:
803:(SUDAM), which was abolished by
635:Rubber processing, Manaus, 1906.
413:, set off on his journey up the
71:State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro
2002:Síntese da história do Amazonas
1849:Marques, Daniele (2023-06-09).
842:set up the Urucu field and the
703:Adolpho Lisboa Municipal Market
130:Pre-Columbian history of Brazil
88:After the dismemberment of the
59:State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão
1219:. University of Chicago Press.
191:region, and in a zone between
61:, whose capital was initially
1:
830:From the 1960s to the 1990s,
615:Autonomy and the rubber cycle
1661:Baze, Abrahim (2020-09-14).
1586:Gasparetto Junior, Antonio.
1513:Paiva, Bianca (2017-09-05).
875:Public Market, Manaus, 1906.
821:Free Economic Zone of Manaus
417:basin, reached Guaporé (now
1711:Fernandes, Fernando Roque.
1390:Gomes, Edson (2018-10-23).
1266:Fernandes, Fernando Roque.
743:Manuel Urbano da Encarnação
517:were created at this time.
2121:
2105:History of Brazil by state
1786:"Revolta Paulista de 1924"
1241:Silva, Tiago Ferreira da.
718:Botanical Museum of Manaus
392:
310:
127:
1851:"O QUE É AMAZÔNIA LEGAL?"
807:in 2001 and recreated by
805:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
623:São Sebastião Square and
570:Joaquim de Mello e Póvoas
487:Francisco de Melo Palheta
1367:"Antônio Raposo Tavares"
1339:Fonseca, Marcela Gomes.
1021:"Tratado de Tordesilhas"
538:São Gabriel da Cachoeira
328:of England commissioned
223:The conquest of Amazonas
1216:Explorers of the Amazon
1213:Smith, Anthony (1994).
449:rivers, in present-day
399:Between 1648 and 1652,
203:or Tapajonic ceramics.
1713:"Bombardeio de Manaus"
1243:"História do Amazonas"
636:
628:
553:
401:Antônio Raposo Tavares
383:
369:Portuguese Restoration
269:The occupation of the
230:
170:Late Prehistoric Phase
24:
1612:"Imigração no Brasil"
1126:Carvajal, Gaspar de.
815:decided to build the
770:Bombardment of Manaus
634:
622:
551:
503:São Paulo de Olivença
433:Portuguese occupation
381:
221:
102:Francisco de Orellana
90:Province of Grão-Pará
33:Treaty of Tordesillas
22:
1824:(15). Archived from
1112:História do Amazonas
844:Isaac Sabbá Refinery
750:Province of Amazonas
124:Amazonian prehistory
63:São Luiz do Maranhão
1737:"Ciclo da borracha"
1588:"Revolução Acreana"
1268:"França Equinocial"
483:Father Samuel Fritz
29:history of Amazonas
1192:. 3 September 2015
1090:Recanto das letras
980:Cucuí Stone, 1930.
832:Gilberto Mestrinho
730:Henry Walter Bates
652:The collectors of
637:
629:
554:
384:
334:Equinoctial France
319:Philippine Dynasty
313:Philippine Dynasty
307:Philippine Dynasty
231:
214:First explorations
201:Marajoara ceramics
98:Gaspar de Carvajal
25:
2039:978-65-86325-55-3
1991:978-85-99662-73-1
1905:História Unisinos
1880:Folha de S. Paulo
1365:Castilho, Saulo.
997:History of Brazil
992:History of Manaus
900:Palace of Justice
726:William Chandless
714:Barbosa Rodrigues
691:Acrean Revolution
646:Cinco de Setembro
574:Marquis of Pombal
2112:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2006:
1995:
1983:
1963:
1962:
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762:Ximeno Villerroy
752:anticipated the
722:Carl von Martius
699:Rio Negro Palace
656:expanded to the
654:drogas do sertão
558:Treaty of Madrid
300:drogas do sertão
69:), becoming the
37:Treaty of Bogotá
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902:, Manaus, 1906.
897:
888:
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864:
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813:military regime
766:Eduardo Ribeiro
675:drought of 1872
641:Tenreiro Aranha
627:, Manaus, 1906.
617:
546:
481:basins, led by
435:
421:), crossed the
397:
391:
330:Robert Harcourt
315:
309:
264:Lope de Aguirre
234:1541, from the
216:
195:, in Pará, and
181:Central America
172:
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132:
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118:Greek mythology
44:hunter-gatherer
17:
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625:Amazon Theater
616:
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434:
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415:Paraguay river
393:Main article:
390:
385:
357:Pedro Teixeira
324:In 1612, King
311:Main article:
308:
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260:Pedro de Ursua
215:
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128:Main article:
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106:Atlantic Ocean
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184:
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142:, in western
141:
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136:Pedra Pintada
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52:
51:pre-Columbian
47:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
2048:
2025:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1977:
1969:Bibliography
1956:. Retrieved
1952:
1942:
1931:. Retrieved
1929:. 2022-12-01
1926:
1917:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:
1869:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1826:the original
1821:
1817:
1804:
1793:. Retrieved
1789:
1780:
1769:. Retrieved
1767:. 2021-06-14
1764:
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1740:
1731:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:
1706:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:
1681:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
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1643:
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1619:. Retrieved
1615:
1606:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:
1581:
1570:. Retrieved
1566:
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
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1522:. Retrieved
1518:
1508:
1497:. Retrieved
1495:. 2019-05-10
1492:
1483:
1472:. Retrieved
1470:. 2017-03-22
1467:
1458:
1447:. Retrieved
1437:
1428:
1395:. Retrieved
1385:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1360:
1351:
1348:Revista Galo
1347:
1334:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:
1310:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:
1286:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
1215:
1194:. Retrieved
1189:
1156:
1128:
1121:
1115:. MemVavMem.
1111:
1104:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1052:. Retrieved
1048:
1039:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:
829:
797:
793:World War II
789:
778:
747:
737:
716:founded the
710:rubber cycle
707:
695:
653:
651:
644:
638:
590:
586:independence
578:
555:
522:bandeirantes
521:
519:
495:Mercedarians
468:
454:
436:
404:
398:
395:Bandeirantes
388:Bandeirantes
387:
354:
323:
316:
298:
268:
248:
232:
222:
209:
205:
185:
173:
165:
157:
153:
140:Monte Alegre
133:
110:
94:Dom Pedro II
87:
55:Amazon river
48:
41:Paleo-Indian
28:
26:
1911:(1): 73–83.
817:Transamazon
772:, Governor
593:Itacoatiara
530:Mato Grosso
406:bandeirante
197:Urucurituba
77:, based in
2094:Categories
2018:: 501–590.
1958:2023-10-17
1933:2023-10-18
1885:2023-10-18
1860:2023-10-18
1835:2023-10-18
1795:2023-10-18
1771:2023-10-18
1746:2023-10-18
1722:2023-10-18
1717:InfoEscola
1697:2023-10-18
1672:2023-10-18
1621:2023-10-18
1597:2023-10-18
1592:InfoEscola
1572:2023-10-18
1548:2023-10-18
1524:2023-10-18
1499:2023-10-18
1474:2023-10-18
1449:2023-10-18
1397:2023-10-18
1376:2023-10-18
1371:InfoEscola
1325:2023-10-18
1301:2023-10-18
1277:2023-10-18
1272:InfoEscola
1252:2023-10-18
1247:InfoEscola
1196:2023-10-18
1095:2023-10-18
1054:2023-10-18
1030:2023-10-18
1003:References
601:Manacapuru
491:Carmelites
462:, and the
352:of Spain.
350:Philip III
1049:Atlas FGV
966:Tabatinga
840:Petrobrás
754:abolition
609:Cabanagem
597:Parintins
534:Tabatinga
460:Ajuricaba
423:Altiplano
411:São Paulo
317:With the
240:El Dorado
1650:: 22–30.
1320:MultiRIo
1296:MultiRIo
986:See also
781:Malaysia
758:Republic
475:Solimões
419:Rondônia
338:Maranhão
285:such as
225:, 1907,
193:Santarém
138:cave in
79:Barcelos
2084:History
2058:Portals
968:, 1930.
850:Gallery
739:caboclo
679:Bolivia
605:Careiro
582:cordage
471:Jesuits
456:cacique
451:Roraima
365:Ecuador
326:James I
295:guaraná
291:annatto
244:Guianas
177:Orinoco
114:Amazons
2072:Brazil
2051:. USP.
2036:
1988:
1855:Educa+
1190:Imazon
1132:. BDH.
1025:Arqnet
526:Cuiabá
447:Branco
427:Gurupá
287:cloves
283:spices
256:Venice
161:manioc
83:Manaus
2030:(PDF)
1982:(PDF)
1829:(PDF)
1814:(PDF)
1640:(PDF)
1425:(PDF)
1344:(PDF)
1153:(PDF)
836:Coari
666:Juari
662:Purus
658:Juruá
515:Airão
511:Borba
507:Coari
479:Juruá
464:Torás
443:Negro
409:from
363:, in
361:Quito
279:Dutch
275:Amapá
271:mouth
236:Andes
67:Belém
2034:ISBN
2012:IHGB
1986:ISBN
1493:PSTU
1354:(3).
1157:UFSC
809:Lula
748:The
732:and
708:The
687:Acre
683:Peru
681:and
664:and
603:and
513:and
499:Tefé
493:and
477:and
445:and
403:, a
144:Pará
100:and
27:The
1790:UOL
1765:EBC
1741:UOL
1616:UOL
1567:IDD
1543:IDD
1429:USP
528:in
116:in
2096::
2014:.
1951:.
1927:G1
1925:.
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1907:.
1903:.
1878:.
1853:.
1820:.
1816:.
1788:.
1763:.
1739:.
1715:.
1690:.
1665:.
1646:.
1642:.
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1541:.
1517:.
1491:.
1466:.
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1369:.
1350:.
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1294:.
1270:.
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289:,
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183:.
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2060::
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1994:.
1961:.
1936:.
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1838:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
