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trade. The BBIC invested in several diverse enterprises such as shipping, coal, mining, railroad construction, real estate sales and utilities. Even though their dream of turning
Bellingham into a Pacific Northwest metropolis never came to fruition, the BBIC made an immense contribution to the economic development of the area. The BBIC had the franchise for providing electricity to the cities on the bay, which at that time primarily went to street lighting and electric streetcars. However, by 1903 the small generator powering the urban area was proving to be inadequate for the growing population. The BBIC began developing a hydroelectric plant on the north fork of the Nooksack River, below
199:. Twenty-three workers died in huge explosion on April 8, 1895, Washington's worst industrial accident to date. The Blue Canyon mine closed in 1917, having produced 250,000 tons of coal. That same year, the Bellingham Coal Mines opened near present-day Northwest and Birchwood Avenues. The mine extended to hundreds of miles of tunnels as deep as 1,200 feet (370 m). It ran southwest to Bellingham Bay, on both sides of Squalicum Creek, an area of about one square mile (2.6 km). At its peak in the 1920s, the mine employed some 250 miners digging over 200,000 tons of coal annually. It was closed in 1955.
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Electric
Corporation of Boston to purchase a large block of shares. Stone & Webster was also involved in Puget Sound area railways including a considerable amount in Seattle, Tacoma and Everett. By 1902, Stone & Webster had acquired the Fairhaven and New Whatcom lines. Over the next several months Northern Railway and Improvement sold the rest of its holdings which included Fairhaven Electric Light, Power and Motor Company and the Whatcom-Fairhaven Gas Company. Stone & Webster organized these under the umbrella name of the Whatcom County Railway and Light Company.
94:, who arrived in 1890, formed the Fairhaven Land Company, mostly financed by Larrabee, determined to grow Fairhaven into a major city. They promoted the land rich in natural resources, good weather, and endless possibilities, causing the population to grow from around 150 in 1889 to 8000 at the end of 1890. Part of that increase was due to the purchase by the Fairhaven Land Company of a tiny settlement called Bellingham, tucked between Sehome and Fairhaven, which had a post office starting in 1883.
191:. The Sehome Coal Mine, just south of Whatcom, employed 100 people in 1860. Under the management of Pierre B. Cornwall, the mine operated profitably until its closure in 1878. By this time, Black Diamond had acquired a considerable amount of land around Bellingham Bay, and throughout the next 19 years, Cornwall focused the company's efforts on the sale of its real estate. The Blue Canyon mine, at the south end of Lake Whatcom, opened in 1891 with solid investment, and supplied lower-grade
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124:. The fort officially closed in 1863, and in 1868, the Army returned 320 acres (1.3 km) to Mrs. Roberts, who lived there for many years thereafter and farmed the land. The settlement around her property, originally called Lummi, after the local tribe, was later called Marietta. The officer's quarters (that housed Capt. George E. Pickett and his Indian wife) is preserved at
82:(aka Dirty Dan) arrived in the Bellingham Bay area in 1853 or 1854, and befriended John Thomas, who had filed a land claim along Padden Creek. He helped Thomas start a cabin there, but Thomas died before the cabin was finished. Dan finished the claim on the land and the patented was issued in 1871. He also acquired several surrounding properties and named this area
86:, from the native name see-see-lich-em, meaning safe port or fair haven (possibly also from a town in Maine that may or may not have been his birthplace). He platted the town in 1883, and started selling lots. As his fortune improved so did his appears and reputation, allowing him to marry in 1885. In 1888, he sold most of his property in Fairhaven to
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legislature outlawed "New" as part of town names.) The final consolidation between
Whatcom and Fairhaven did not succeed until the end of 1903, after a failed attempt in the mid-90s. The name "Bellingham" was proposed as a compromise name, since they bordered Bellingham Bay, and neither community wished to be lose its identity to the other.
116:. It was constructed on the only open space on the bay that had a spring, a prairie overlooking the bay. A settler, Maria Roberts, had to be evicted to build the fort, but she and her husband were later allowed to build a cabin on the beach. In July 1859, units stationed at the fort were in involved in the
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South of
Whatcom Creek, two scouts named Henry Hewitt and William Brown, who were working for Henry Roeder's lumber mill, found coal seams on their property. Roeder, Hewitt, and Brown sold the property containing coal to a group of San Francisco investors in 1854, which established the Bellingham Bay
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The first substantial settlement was located on the north shore of
Whatcom Creek where Whatcom Falls empties into the bay, a place the native peoples called What-coom (spelled Whatcom by the settlers), meaning "noisy water." It was at this location that schooner Capt. Henry Roeder and Russel Peabody
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in
Seattle. They died the next day due to extensive burns from proximity to the blast. Although some buildings were destroyed, due to road closures and evacuations around the creek, there were no further fatalities. The explosion resulted in over $ 45 million in property damage. Several years later,
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In 1889, Cornwall and an association of investors formed the
Bellingham Bay Improvement Company (BBIC). The company was mostly composed of wealthy California businessmen who were investing heavily into Bellingham with the vision that it would one day become an important urban center for commerce and
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The year 1899 saw the completion of the main building (now called Old Main) of the New
Whatcom Normal School, a teachers college located on Sehome hill. By the 1930s, the school had become the Western Washington College of Education, maintaining its focus on teacher training. In 1961 the school had
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The first newspaper in
Whatcom County, the Northern Light, was published by William Bausman during the boom. Just as soon as it started, the boom went bust with the miners being forced to stop at Victoria, B.C. for a permit before heading to the mining fields. Whatcom's population dropped almost as
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was incorporated following a special vote
October 27, 1903 which won 2,163 to 596. The consolidation was approved on November 4, 1903. A new mayor and City Council were elected and installed on December 28, 1903. Newspapers placed the exact time of the birth of Bellingham on that day at 10:11 p.m.
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BBIC was not the only outside firm with an interest in the utilities of these communities. The General Electric Company of New York purchased the Fairhaven Line and New Whatcom street rail line in 1897. In 1898 the utility merged into the Northern Railway and Improvement Company which prompted the
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The vapor layer from the spill overcame an 18-year-old man, Liam Gordon Wood, who was fishing in the creek; he fell into the creek and subsequently drowned. An explosion was set off by two young boys playing with a fireplace lighter and burned over a mile (1.6 km) of the creek bed and sent a
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immigrants from the local work force mobbed waterfront barracks. The white men beat and hospitalized 6 Indians while 410 Indians were jailed. By the next day, most East Indians had fled town, followed by many residents of Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino descent. No actions were taken against the
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was commonplace near town from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. Coal was originally discovered by Henry Roeder's agents off the northeastern shore of Bellingham Bay. In 1854, a group of San Francisco investors established Bellingham Bay Coal Company. By 1866, Darius Ogden Mills purchased and
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One of the obstacles to further growth and prosperity foreseen by the promoters and investors was the competition among the cities along the bay. Hence, Fairhaven purchased Bellingham in 1890, Whatcom and Sehome merged into New Whatcom in 1891 (it reverted to Whatcom in 1903 when the state
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set up a lumber mill in Dec 1852, having been told of the falls location by Lummi leader Cha-wit-zit while south in Olympia, Washington. The mill operated sporadically until destroyed by a fire in 1873, revived in 1881 by a group of settlers from Kansas, and abandoned in 1885.
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black smoke cloud over 30,000 feet (10 km) into the air. Steven Tsiorvias and Wade King, both age 10, were students at nearby Roosevelt Elementary School. They were discovered by firefighters immediately and rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital. The boys were airlifted to
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Because of the efforts of the Tsiorvias and King families, whose children died in the tragedy, the U.S. Department of Justice worked to make $ 4 million of the criminal settlement with the pipeline companies available to start the independent
639:"Whatcom County, Volume 58, ca. 1885-91", Record of Appointment of Postmasters, 1832-1971. NARA Microfilm Publication, M841, 145 rolls. Records of the Post Office Department, Record Group Number 28. Washington, D.C.: National Archives.
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the families of the pipeline victims sued Olympic Pipeline Company and settled for around $ 100 million in damages, which they pledged would help support pipeline safety and provide legal representation for pipeline accident victims.
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220:. However, all the difficulties of maintaining a generator and trying to construct the Nooksack site took its toll on BBIC. In 1905 the board of directors announced the sale of its utility holdings to Stone & Webster.
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Before the first wave of European settlers reached the area about 1853, the coastal areas around Bellingham Bay and the surrounding islands had been inhabited for thousands of years by
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51:. The land on which Bellingham is located was ceded to European Americans by the local Native American tribes, including the Lummi (or Lhaq'temish) people, in the controversial
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to help provide the lumber for the rebuilding of San Francisco. In time, lumber and shingle mills sprang up all over the county to accommodate the byproduct of their work.
436:. The Pipeline Safety Trust is now the only independent non-profit organization working to ensure greater safety of the pipelines that run through communities nationwide.
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Local history and legend credit one "Blanket" Bill Jarman as the first white man to reside in the area, possibly held captive by native peoples from 1841-1843.
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perpetrators. On the 100th anniversary of the riots, Bellingham Mayor Tim Douglas proclaimed a "day of healing and reconciliation" in recognition of the event.
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Whatcom Creek, South Downtown Bellingham, and Sehome Hill as seen from Maritime Heritage Park. The mouth of Whatcom Creek is obscured to the lower right.
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Coal Company. They opened the Sehome Mine, at the present Laurel Street in Bellingham, in 1855 which operated until 1878. The community called
55:(1855). The Lummi people continue to live in the area, many of them on Lummi Peninsula across the bay from the present-day City of Bellingham.
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determined that the probable cause of the accident was the damage done by an IMCO construction crew while conducting modifications to a
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grown into a broad degree-granting institution and was renamed the Western Washington State College. Today, student enrollment at
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75:(named after a member of the nearby Samish tribe) continued until it merged with Whatcom in 1891, becoming New Whatcom.
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176:. The building, which still stands today and is being restored, later became the territorial courthouse until 1884.
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to prevent attacks on the bayside villages of Fairhaven, Sehome and Whatcom. The fort was built by U.S. Army
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767:"Postcards and Dead Fish: The Capitalism and the Construction of Place, Bellingham, Washington, 1918-1927"
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566:"Henry Roeder and Russell Peabody establish Whatcom Mill on Bellingham Bay in December 1852"
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Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections
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plant, but not reported to Olympic or any agency authorities. The 400-mile (640 km)
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near Whatcom Creek, leaking 237,000 US gallons (897 m³) of gasoline into the creek. The
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occurred on September 5, 1907. A group of 400-500 white men with intentions to exclude
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861:"Brisk debate preceded consolidation in Whatcom communities | Local History"
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A fictionalized account of the history of early Bellingham is "The Living" by
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The name of Bellingham is derived from the bay on which the city is situated.
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caused thousands of miners, storekeepers, and scalawags to head north from
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on what was called Peabody Hill, now the Lettered Streets neighborhood of
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quickly as it had grown, and the sleepy little town on the bay returned.
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521:"William Robert "Blanket Bill" Jarman dies in Ferndale on June 12, 1912"
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172:. The first brick building in Washington was built this same year, the
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http://www.cob.org/documents/features/day-of-healing-proclamation.pdf
553:. Western Washington University Center for Pacific Northwest Studies.
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Bellingham's Centennial: Exploring the Foundations of Our Community
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HistoryLink.org: Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History
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HistoryLink.org: Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History
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Pipeline Rupture and Subsequent Fire in Bellingham, Washington
738:"Beneath the city of Bellingham lie the memories of the mines"
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959:"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Bellingham city, Washington"
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1890 bank building in the Fairhaven District at dusk (2008).
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The foothills around Bellingham were clearcut after the
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reorganized the company, making it a subsidiary of his
168:'s edict that all entry to the gold colony be made via
31:, who visited the area in June 1792, named the bay for
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In August 1856, the U.S. Army started construction on
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distribution center and to locations as far south as
35:, the controller of the storekeeper's account of the
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and left for California. Nelson Bennett, along with
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499:, Washington State Historical Society, p. 18,
20:, as it is now known, begins with the settling of
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673:, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman OK, 1965,
439:The population of Bellingham is 93,896 (2022)
164:goldfields, used in open defiance of colonial
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897:Holt, Gordy; Mcclure, Robert (May 24, 2004).
8:
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705:Southcott, Bonnie Hart (October 20, 2003).
652:, Pruett Publishing Co., Boulder CO, 1980,
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899:"Wear caused gas leak in Olympic pipeline"
807:"Library Of Congress Engineering Record"
863:. The Bellingham Herald. Archived from
707:"Mines faced disasters, financial woes"
487:
935:HistoryLink: Olympic Pipeline Accident
773:, Center for Pacific Northwest Studies
591:"Daniel J. Harris, Fairhaven Founder"
7:
1302:SPARK Museum of Electrical Invention
916:National Transportation Safety Board
471:Lottie Roeder Roth historical sketch
389:Seattle-Tacoma International Airport
787:5 - "Claiming the Nature of Place"
781:. The coal mines are described in
14:
1567:History of Bellingham, Washington
1317:Whatcom Museum of History and Art
1096:Bellingham National Bank Building
189:Black Diamond Coal Mining Company
24:in the mid-to-late 19th century.
18:history of Bellingham, Washington
1146:T. G. Richards and Company Store
304:
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174:T. G. Richards and Company Store
650:Tour Guide to Old Western Forts
293:stands around 14,000 students.
1243:Route 539 (The Guide Meridian)
947:Pipeline Safety Trust Homepage
391:. The four refineries are the
1:
1358:Western Washington University
616:"Fairhaven on Bellingham Bay"
387:, including all the fuel for
291:Western Washington University
259:1906 San Francisco earthquake
1496:Bellingham Festival of Music
1343:Bellingham Technical College
379:from four refineries to the
284:Evolution of the University
197:United States Pacific Fleet
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1338:Bellingham School District
1238:Route 11 (Chuckanut Drive)
903:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
765:Burkhart, Brendan (2003),
736:Stark, John (2008-03-02),
459:List of pipeline accidents
343:Olympic pipeline explosion
340:
170:Victoria, British Columbia
110:9th U.S. Infantry Regiment
1363:Whatcom Community College
1312:Whatcom Children's Museum
1307:Bellingham Railway Museum
1006:
937:Accessed: 13 August 2008.
497:Place Names of Washington
495:Hitchman, Robert (1985),
425:Harborview Medical Center
349:Olympic pipeline ruptured
1501:Bellingham Theatre Guild
1471:Congregation Beth Israel
473:. circa 1903. 13 pages.
211:Growth and Consolidation
150:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush
80:Daniel Jefferson Harris
53:Treaty of Point Elliott
1333:Bellingham High School
1286:Sir William Bellingham
1187:Maritime Heritage Park
1000:Bellingham, Washington
347:On June 10, 1999, the
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166:Governor James Douglas
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130:Bellingham, Washington
33:Sir William Bellingham
1506:Bluewater Productions
1450:Bellingham Sportsplex
1368:Whatcom Middle School
1353:Squalicum High School
1197:Sehome Hill Arboretum
832:"Library Of Congress"
742:The Bellingham Herald
711:The Bellingham Herald
434:Pipeline Safety Trust
417:Anacortes, Washington
397:Cherry Point Refinery
240:Bellingham circa 1909
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108:and Company D of the
859:Vanderway, Richard.
691:BBIC Company Records
415:'s refinery both at
405:Ferndale, Washington
49:Coast Salish peoples
1536:The Non-GMO Project
1531:Mount Baker Theatre
1526:Linuxfest Northwest
1440:Bellingham Mariners
1213:Chuckanut Mountains
1182:Larrabee State Park
1121:Mount Baker Theatre
1091:Aftermath Clubhouse
717:on January 10, 2013
669:Frazer, Robert W.,
403:' refinery both at
160:, which led to the
126:910 Bancroft Street
1541:Port of Bellingham
1348:Sehome High School
1192:Whatcom Falls Park
918:(October 8, 2002)
792:2006-09-09 at the
783:1 - "Introduction"
648:Hart, Herbert M.,
454:Pipeline transport
381:Renton, Washington
353:Whatcom Falls Park
316:. You can help by
251:City of Bellingham
208:
141:
122:"Post of San Juan"
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1464:Places of worship
1177:Lake Whatcom Park
1126:Lottie Roth Block
1106:Flatiron Building
1101:B.P.O.E. Building
771:Occasional Papers
671:Forts of the West
620:Fairhaven History
595:Fairhaven History
545:Weaver, Heather.
519:Moles, Kathleen.
409:Shell Oil Company
337:Pipeline accident
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297:Late 20th century
106:George E. Pickett
59:European settlers
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1511:Clickpop Records
1455:Whatcom Pavilion
1435:Bellingham Bells
1281:George Vancouver
1261:Bellingham riots
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278:Annie Dillard
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162:Fraser Canyon
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158:Whatcom Trail
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148:In 1858, the
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43:First Peoples
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1228:Lake Whatcom
1015:
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922:Report (PDF)
911:
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869:. Retrieved
865:the original
840:. Retrieved
836:the original
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815:. Retrieved
811:the original
801:
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715:the original
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318:adding to it
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178:
147:
144:Mining Towns
96:
77:
69:
65:
62:
46:
26:
17:
15:
1233:Sehome Hill
1223:Lake Samish
1218:Lake Padden
1141:Safe Return
871:January 19,
681:, page 167.
660:, page 180.
270:East Indian
184:Coal mining
78:Meanwhile,
1489:and events
1485:Companies,
1026:Waterfront
842:2020-01-14
817:2020-01-14
777:2008-03-10
752:2008-03-10
482:References
154:California
112:sent from
37:Royal Navy
1521:Frequency
1326:Education
1206:Geography
1083:Landmarks
1063:Fairhaven
1021:Newspaper
721:March 10,
84:Fairhaven
1561:Category
1377:Stations
790:Archived
465:Archives
443:See also
377:jet fuel
369:gasoline
367:carries
365:pipeline
195:for the
1419:KVOS-TV
1404:KMRE-LP
1295:Museums
1253:History
1056:Transit
1051:Airport
1036:Library
1016:History
625:27 July
600:27 July
575:27 July
530:27 July
118:Pig War
103:Captain
1428:Sports
1068:Sehome
1046:Amtrak
1011:People
677:
656:
503:
413:Tesoro
373:diesel
73:Sehome
1155:Parks
1414:KUGS
1409:KPUG
1399:KISM
1394:KGMI
1389:KBCB
1384:KAFE
1041:Mall
873:2013
785:and
723:2008
675:ISBN
654:ISBN
627:2020
602:2020
577:2020
532:2020
501:ISBN
407:and
399:and
375:and
357:NTSB
264:The
249:The
16:The
395:'s
351:in
320:.
1563::
927:^
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851:^
769:,
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393:BP
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132:.
39:.
992:e
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327:)
323:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.