54:. He not only received business news from his correspondents, but also sensationalist and gossip news as well. It is evident in Fugger's correspondence with his network that fiction and fact were both significant parts of early news publications. 16th century Germany also saw subscription-based, handwritten news. Those who subscribed to these publications were generally low-level government officials and also merchants. They could not afford other types of news publications, but had enough money to pay for a subscription, which was still expensive for the time.
182:. It was edited by German and Jewish émigrés who fled to the United States before the war. Its mission was to encourage democracy by exposing Germans to how American culture operated. The paper was filled with details on American sports, politics, business, Hollywood, and fashions, as well as international affairs.
110:
from which the publishing press derives its name. Historian
Johannes Weber stated: "At the same time, then, as the printing press in the physical, technological sense was invented, 'the press' in the extended sense of the word also entered the historical stage. The phenomenon of publishing was born.
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to shut down the socialists, and to threaten hostile editors. There were no national newspapers. Editors focused on political commentary, but also included a nonpolitical cultural page, focused on the arts and high culture. Especially popular was the serialized novel, with a new chapter every week.
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A large number of newspapers and magazines flourished. A typical small city had one or two newspapers; Berlin and
Leipzig had dozens. The audience was limited to around five percent of the adult men, chiefly from the aristocratic and middle classes. Liberal papers outnumbered conservative ones by a
91:
The term newspaper became common in the 17th century. However, publications that resemble modern-day newspaper publications were appearing as early as the 16th century in
Germany. They were discernibly newspapers for the following reasons: they were printed, dated, appeared at regular and frequent
130:
wide margin. Foreign governments bribed editors to guarantee a favorable image. Censorship was strict, and the government issued the political news they were supposed to report. After 1871, strict press laws were used by
98:
of Johann
Carolus, in the early 17th century. German newspapers were organized by the location from which they came, and by date. They differed from avisis in that they employed a distinct and highly illustrated
163:
established consumer bases decades earlier. Wire news service and newspaper commercial lending by Ruhr industrial interests sought to influence editorial opinion prior to the Great War and during the republic.
57:
In the 16th and 17th century, there appeared numerous printed news sheets summarizing accounts of battles, treaties, kings, epidemics, and special events. Early forms of news periodicals were the so-called
284:
Eksteins, Modris. (1975). The Limits of Reason: the German
Democratic Press and the Collapse of Weimar Democracy. London: Oxford University Press. Oxford Historical Monographs series. pp. 78-79.
147:'s constitution along with other social forces and the earlier Reich press law of 1874 gave rise to a dispersed, energetic and pluralistic press with a wide range of political opinion after the
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increasingly became the largest and most dominant of the German states, but it had newspapers that were kept under very tight control. Advertising was forbidden, and budgets were very small.
50:
exchanged financial and commercial news, and some started regular newsletters for their clients. One example of this type of merchant was the 16th-century German financiar,
384:
329:
173:
400:
Magin, Melanie, and Birgit Stark. "Explaining
National Differences of Tabloidisation between Germany and Austria: Structure, Conduct and Performance."
424:
Wilke, Jürgen, and
Carsten Reinemann. "Do the candidates matter? Long-term trends of campaign coverage-a study of the German press since 1949."
172:
In 1945, the occupying powers took over all newspapers in
Germany and purged them of Nazi influence. The American occupation headquarters, the
393:
Lang, Rainhart, and Irma
Rybnikova. "Discursive constructions of women managers in German mass media in the gender quota debate 2011-2013."
362:
Espejo, Carmen. "European
Communication Networks in the Early Modern Age: A new framework of interpretation for the birth of journalism,"
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461:
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419:
381:
451:
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Jessica C.E. Gienow-Hecht, "Art is democracy and democracy is art: Culture, propaganda, and the Neue Zeitung in Germany."
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publication intervals, and included a variety of news items. The first newspaper according to modern definitions was the
446:
369:
Esser, Frank. "Tabloidization'of News A Comparative Analysis of Anglo-American and German Press Journalism."
84:, consisting of brief news bulletins. The world's first daily newspaper appeared in 1650 in Leipzig. Later,
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Magazines were politically more influential, and attracted the leading intellectuals as authors.
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35:
178:
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Mass Media and Historical Change: Germany in International Perspective, 1400 to the Present
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144:
319:
Form and style in journalism: European newspapers and the presentation of news, 1880-2005
357:
The Limits of Reason: the German Democratic Press and the Collapse of Weimar Democracy
94:
73:
60:
27:
115:, printed from 1605 onwards by Johann Carolus in Straßburg, was the first newspaper."
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64:("trade fair reports") which were compiled twice a year, for the large book fairs in
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Publicity and Diplomacy: With Special Reference to England and Germany, 1890-1914
336:
148:
260:
The Social Foundations of German Unification, 1858-1871: Ideas and Institutions
201:
100:
81:
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Johannes Weber, "Strassburg, 1605: The origins of the newspaper in Europe."
196:
77:
65:
31:
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The History Makers: The Press of Europe from hits Beginnings through 1965
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The Fuggers of Augsburg: Pursuing Wealth and Honor in Renaissance Germany
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The history makers: The press of Europe from its beginnings through 1965
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The history makers: The press of Europe from its beginnings through 1965
85:
69:
51:
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Newspaper history from the seventeenth century to the present day
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History of Germany § German Confederation, 1815–1867
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respectively, starting in the 1580s. In 1605, the German
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The emergence of the new media branch was based on the
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Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien
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Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien
335:
Boyce, George; James Curran; Pauline Wingate (1978).
103:, and they applied an overall date to each issue.
176:(OMGUS) began its own newspaper based in Munich,
395:Gender in Management: An International Journal
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174:Office of Military Government, United States
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36:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
7:
411:(LSU Press, 1966) pp. 99–134.
359:. (Oxford University Press, 1975).
14:
426:European Journal of Communication
371:European journal of communication
22:dates back to the 16th century.
119:German Confederation, 1815–1867
414:Sterling, Christopher H., ed.
1:
317:Broersma, Marcel Jeroen, ed.
366:(2011) 17#2 pp. 189–202
275:(LSU Press, 1966) pp. 99–134
108:spread of the printing press
76:published the world's first
20:history of German journalism
478:
416:Encyclopedia of Journalism
328:(Berghahn, 2015). 212 pp.
122:
30:, while the world's first
26:, a German, invented the
249:24#3 (2006) pp. 387–412.
462:Journalism in Germany
457:History of newspapers
442:History of mass media
428:16.3 (2001): 291–314.
404:16.4 (2015): 577–595.
373:14.3 (1999): 291–324.
305:(1999) 23#1 pp. 21–43
258:Theodore S. Hamerow,
192:History of journalism
123:Further information:
38:in the 17th century.
34:were produced in the
452:Newspaper publishing
111:The German-language
447:Magazine publishing
407:Olson, Kenneth E.
48:early modern Europe
402:Journalism Studies
387:2020-12-04 at the
376:Hale, Oron James.
355:Eksteins, Modris.
303:Diplomatic History
271:Kenneth E. Olson,
232:Kenneth E. Olson,
42:Early developments
24:Johannes Gutenberg
420:table of contents
262:(1969) pp. 284–91
236:(1967) pp. 99–134
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321:(Peeters, 2007).
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61:Messrelationen
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436:Categories
202:Newspapers
101:title page
32:newspapers
197:Magazines
168:1945–1955
149:Great War
82:Straßburg
78:newspaper
66:Frankfurt
385:Archived
186:See also
157:and the
132:Bismarck
380:(1940)
86:Prussia
70:Leipzig
382:online
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223:(2012)
151:. The
52:Fugger
208:Notes
343:ISBN
286:ISBN
143:The
68:and
18:The
80:in
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