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Although it was a fairly widespread practice at the time to rent out troops to other princes, it was the
Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel who became infamous for hiring out contingents of their army as mercenaries during the 17th and 18th centuries. Hesse-Kassel maintained 7% of its entire population under
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237:, became one of the two Hessian states. While Hesse-Kassel converted to Calvinism and became one of the most zealous exponents of the Protestant cause in the
962:
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Wilder, Colin F. "" THE RIGOR OF THE LAW OF EXCHANGE": How People
Changed Commercial Law and Commercial Law Changed People (Hesse-Cassel, 1654–1776)."
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and Swedes throughout the war and maintained an army, garrisoning many strongholds, while Hesse-Kassel itself was occupied by
Imperial troops.
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324:) remained outside. In 1871, it became a constituent state of the German Empire. The last Grand Duke, Ernst Ludwig (a grandson of
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365:. Excepted was the Montabaur district from Hessen-Nassau and that part of Hessen-Darmstadt on the left bank of the Rhine (
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of 1803, the
Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was raised to the Electorate of Hesse and Landgrave William IX was elevated to
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shards found in Rüsselsheim, Offenbach, Griesheim and
Wiesbaden suggest settlement in southern Hesse 4,500 years ago.
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arms throughout the eighteenth century. This force served as a source of mercenaries for other
European states.
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state. (Bad) Wimpfen — an exclave of Hessen-Darmstadt — became part of Baden-Württemberg, district of
Sinsheim.
1027:
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These were reunited with the
Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel when each particular branch died out without issue.
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Wegert, Karl H. "Contention with
Civility: The State and Social Control in the German Southwest, 1760–1850."
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Hesse-Darmstadt gained a great deal of territory from the secularization and modifications authorized by the
56:
162:
1063:
225:), a German Principality of the Holy Roman Empire, was divided among his sons. With the extinction of the
194:
610:. From 1813 onwards, the Electorate of Hesse was an independent country and, after 1815, a member of the
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was now defunct, William retained his title of
Elector, as it gave him pre-eminence over his cousin, the
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Ingrao, Charles. "'Barbarous Strangers': Hessian State and Society during the American Revolution."
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629:. Following the Prussian victory his lands were annexed by Prussia in 1866. Along with the annexed
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and the dispossession of his cousin, the Elector of Hesse-Kassel, the Landgrave took the title of
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During the 17th century, the landgraviate was internally divided for dynastic purposes, without
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as king. The elector was restored following Napoleon's defeat in 1813, and although the
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Hessian mercenary state: ideas, institutions, and reform under Frederick II, 1760-1785
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293:. In exchange for this he received a piece of territory from the left bank of the
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In 1867, the northern half of the Grand Duchy (Upper Hesse) became a part of the
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of 1803. The acquisition of the Duchy of Westphalia, formerly owned by the
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In the Shadow of Death: Saint Boniface and the Conversion of Hessia, 721-54
696:, younger brother of the head of the house and a brother-in-law of Emperor
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in Wetzlar-Dalheim recently uncovered a 7000-year-old settlement from the
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onwards, mothers of the heads of Hesse-Kassel were always descended from
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510:" has become a common term among Americans and historians for all
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with Sweden from 1730–51. But in fact the King's younger brother,
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Following the reorganization of the German states during the
514:. One of these regiments that saw service in America was the
583:, although it is still usually referred to as Hesse-Kassel.
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Tilly, Charles "Coercion, Capital, and European States."
498:, notably, hired out so many troops to his nephew King
424:
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel expanded in 1604 when
316:, while the half of the Grand Duchy south of the Main (
332:
of Russia), was forced from his throne at the end of
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1071:
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48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
512:German soldiers deployed by the British in the War
289:, the Grand Duke was forced to cede Westphalia to
681:. From 1946 onwards, it was reorganized into the
249:, which led to a pro-Habsburg policy after 1642.
657:, it was divided into the Prussian provinces of
297:, including the important federal fortress at
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381:From the early years of the Reformation, the
135:Hesse in 1900, divided between several states
8:
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550:Landgraviate of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
338:
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233:lines by 1604, Hesse-Darmstadt, along with
1162:States and territories established in 1567
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538:Landgraviate of Hesse-Wanfried-(Rheinfels)
649:In 1918, Hesse-Nassau became part of the
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
575:. The principality thus became known as
451:and, after his death in 1637, his widow
349:The majority of the state combined with
274:. In 1806, upon the dissolution of the
241:, Landgrave George II remained a strict
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586:In 1806, William I was dispossessed by
463:supported the Protestant cause and the
637:, Hesse-Kassel became part of the new
470:William V was succeeded by Landgraves
443:, Calvinist Hesse-Kassel proved to be
807:Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung
653:until 1944. From 1944–45 as part of
594:. Kassel became the capital of a new
447:'s most loyal German ally. Landgrave
245:and maintained a close alliance with
7:
434:Louis IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg
46:adding citations to reliable sources
782:(Cambridge University Press, 2003).
545:Landgraviate of Hesse-Philippsthal
426:Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
14:
976:History of North Rhine-Westphalia
963:History of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
694:Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse
336:. The state was then renamed the
307:Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
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989:History of Rhineland-Palatinate
665:. From 1945–46, it was renamed
531:Landgraviate of Hesse-Rotenburg
33:needs additional citations for
715:became the head of the entire
1:
1041:History of Schleswig-Holstein
719:due to the extinction of the
679:US occupation zone in Germany
516:Musketeer Regiment Prinz Carl
430:Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg
257:Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
898:History of Baden-Württemberg
733:History of Frankfurt am Main
617:William's grandson, Elector
504:American War of Independence
401:married descendants of King
641:of the Kingdom of Prussia.
573:William I, Elector of Hesse
500:George III of Great Britain
346:(People's State of Hesse).
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1131:Historic states of Germany
787:American Historical Review
432:from his childless uncle,
314:North German Confederation
209:In 1568 with the death of
169:This article is about the
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816:Clay, John-Henry (2010).
711:In 1968, the head of the
357:to form the new state of
1028:History of Saxony-Anhalt
721:House of Hesse-Darmstadt
708:, but he never reigned.
639:Province of Hesse-Nassau
598:with Napoleon's brother
305:changed its name to the
950:History of Lower Saxony
778:Ingrao, Charles W. The
590:for his support of the
377:17th and 18th centuries
328:and brother to Empress
177:is a state in Germany.
163:Allied-occupied Germany
144:People's State of Hesse
1157:1866 disestablishments
924:History of Brandenburg
799:34.2 (1991): 349-369.
789:87.4 (1982): 954-976.
677:) and was part of the
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635:Free City of Frankfurt
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482:, Hesse-Kassel was in
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195:Linear Pottery culture
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737:Timeline of Frankfurt
713:House of Hesse-Kassel
685:, a federal state of
651:Free State of Prussia
596:Kingdom of Westphalia
480:Frederick I of Sweden
455:, a granddaughter of
369:) became part of the
264:Archbishop of Cologne
223:Landgrafschaft Hessen
215:Landgraviate of Hesse
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1054:History of Thuringia
612:German Confederation
565:German mediatization
413:, the leader of the
371:Rhineland-Palatinate
125:Grand Duchy of Hesse
42:improve this article
1002:History of Saarland
627:Austro-Prussian War
608:Grand Duke of Hesse
571:, taking the title
268:Archbishop of Mainz
1115:History of Hamburg
911:History of Bavaria
797:Historical Journal
747:Timeline of Kassel
592:Kingdom of Prussia
588:Napoleon Bonaparte
457:William the Silent
411:William the Silent
385:was predominately
287:Congress of Vienna
211:Landgrave Philip I
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57:"History of Hesse"
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1102:History of Bremen
1089:History of Berlin
1015:History of Saxony
876:States of Germany
809:(2015): 629-659.
742:Politics of Hesse
704:government to be
621:, sided with the
619:Frederick William
604:Holy Roman Empire
441:Thirty Years' War
403:George of Bohemia
351:Frankfurt am Main
341:Volksstaat Hessen
239:Thirty Years' War
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436:(1537–1604).
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389:. Landgraves
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367:Rhenish Hesse
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31:This article
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687:West Germany
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559:19th century
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355:Hesse-Nassau
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235:Hesse-Kassel
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148:Hesse-Nassau
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98:January 2015
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40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1073:City-states
822:. Brepols.
540:(1649–1755)
533:(1627–1834)
476:William VII
439:During the
334:World War I
318:Starkenburg
303:Grand Duchy
199:Bell Beaker
181:Prehistoric
165:, 1945–1946
1146:Categories
753:References
698:William II
675:Großhessen
472:William VI
407:William VI
387:Protestant
282:of Hesse.
280:Grand Duke
68:newspapers
692:In 1918,
659:Kurhessen
579:Kurhessen
449:William V
419:Calvinism
395:William V
330:Alexandra
309:in 1816.
727:See also
523:allodial
506:, that "
391:Philip I
270:and the
243:Lutheran
1124:Related
702:Finnish
625:in the
508:Hessian
405:; from
399:Maurice
301:. The
291:Prussia
285:At the
185:In the
150:in 1930
127:in 1871
82:scholar
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883:States
826:
811:online
801:online
791:online
671:German
663:Nassau
465:French
461:regent
445:Sweden
397:, and
247:Saxony
219:German
213:, the
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459:, as
415:Dutch
359:Hesse
299:Mainz
295:Rhine
276:Reich
175:Hesse
89:JSTOR
75:books
824:ISBN
735:and
661:and
633:and
543:the
536:the
529:the
474:and
320:and
229:and
191:Lahn
146:and
61:news
197:.
161:in
44:by
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