2421:, who owned the property the large scale lab had been operating on, came to the DEA looking to work as an informant. He and his then-girlfriend Krystle Cole were intimately involved in the case, but were not charged in the bust. The lab was allegedly producing a kilogram of LSD every five weeks, and the U.S. government contends that LSD supply dropped by 90% following the bust. In the decade after the bust, LSD availability and use has gradually risen. Since the late 1980s, there has also been a revival of hallucinogen research more broadly, which, in recent years, has included preclinical and clinical studies involving LSD and other compounds such as members of the
1741:
interviewing a woman before and after administering her LSD. In the later part of the 1960s he worked as a director for the
National Institute of Mental Health in their Division of Narcotic Addiction and Drug Abuse. He has been open about having taken LSD many times himself, but was always opposed to the growing use of LSD amongst members of the counterculture movement. Cohen thought LSD was safe only if used under medical supervision and that the average person was not equipped with the ability to handle the drug safely. Through his work he had become known as one of the leading experts in LSD research.
1895:
1426:(Tibetan Book of the Dead). Leary and Alpert, unfazed by their dismissals, relocated first to Mexico, but were expelled from the country by the Mexican government. They then set up at a large private mansion owned by William Hitchcock, named after the small town in New York State where it is located, Millbrook, where they continued their experiments. Their research lost its controlled scientific character as the experiments transformed into LSD parties. Leary later wrote, "We saw ourselves as
922:. On the way, Hofmann's condition rapidly deteriorated as he struggled with feelings of anxiety, alternating in his beliefs that the next-door neighbor was a malevolent witch, that he was going insane, and that the LSD had poisoned him. When the house doctor arrived, however, he could detect no physical abnormalities, save for a pair of widely dilated pupils. Hofmann was reassured, and soon his terror began to give way to a sense of good fortune and enjoyment, as he later wrote:
1397:). Many of the other faculty members had harbored reservations about Leary's research, and parents began complaining to the university about Leary's distribution of hallucinogenic drugs to their children. Further, many undergraduate students who were not part of Leary's research program heard of the profound experiences other students had undergone and began taking LSD for recreational purposes, which was not illegal at the time . Leary described LSD as a potent
961:, invented the name "Bicycle Day" when he founded the first celebration at his home. Several years later, he sent an announcement made by one of his students to friends and Internet lists, thus propagating the idea and the celebration. His original intent was to commemorate Hofmann's original, accidental exposure on April 16, but that date fell midweek and was not a good time for the party, so he chose the 19th to honor Hofmann's first intentional exposure.
19:
50:
1012:, Cohen began experimenting on whether or not LSD might have a helpful effect in facilitating psychotherapy, curing alcoholism, and enhancing creativity. Between 1957 and 1958, they treated 22 patients who had minor personality disorders. LSD was also given to artists in order to track their mental deterioration, but Huxley believed LSD might enhance their creativity. Between 1958 and 1962, psychiatrist
1108:
1357:, was the most prominent pro-LSD researcher. Leary claimed that using LSD with the right dosage, set (one's emotional mindset at time of ingestion), and setting, preferably with the guidance of professionals, could alter behavior in dramatic and beneficial ways. Leary began conducting experiments with psilocybin in 1960 on himself and a number of Harvard graduate students after trying hallucinogenic
1004:. Cohen first took the drug on October 12, 1955, and expected to have an unpleasant trip, but was surprised when he experienced "no confused, disoriented delirium." He reported that the "problems and strivings, the worries and frustrations of everyday life vanished; in their place was a majestic, sunlit, heavenly inner quietude." Cohen immediately began his own experiments with LSD with the help of
1809:
2325:
2043:
820:... affected by a remarkable restlessness, combined with a slight dizziness. At home I lay down and sank into a not unpleasant intoxicated-like condition, characterized by an extremely stimulated imagination. In a dreamlike state, with eyes closed (I found the daylight to be unpleasantly glaring), I perceived an uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense,
1050:. A special LSD unit was set up in 1958. After Sandison left the hospital in 1964, medical superintendent Arthur Spencer took over and continued the clinical use of the drug until it was withdrawn in 1965. In all, 683 patients were treated with LSD in 13,785 separate sessions at Powick, but Spencer was the last member of the medical staff to use it.
926:... Little by little I could begin to enjoy the unprecedented colors and plays of shapes that persisted behind my closed eyes. Kaleidoscopic, fantastic images surged in on me, alternating, variegated, opening and then closing themselves in circles and spirals, exploding in colored fountains, rearranging and hybridizing themselves in constant flux ...
1927:, felt that LSD was too powerful and too dangerous to allow its immediate and widespread introduction, and that its use ought to be restricted to the 'elite' members of society—artists, writers, scientists—who could mediate its gradual distribution throughout society. The second and more radical group, typified by
1143:
awareness of how chemicals could affect the mind, its use in psychotherapy largely has been debunked. It produces no aphrodisiac effects, does not increase creativity, has no lasting positive effect in treating alcoholics or criminals, does not produce a 'model psychosis', and does not generate immediate personality change.
2307:" in Britain in 1978, named after the first name of the female drug squad officer involved; it broke up one of the largest LSD manufacturing and distribution operations in the world at that time, headed by chemist Richard Kemp. The group targeted by the Julie task force were reputed to have had links to the mysterious
3108:
1242:. He became a "freelance" apostle for LSD in the early 1950s after supposedly receiving an angelic vision telling him that something important to the future of mankind would soon be coming. When he read about LSD the next year, he immediately sought and acquired LSD, which he tried for himself in 1951.
2275:
2008). This decline was due to negative publicity centred on side-effects of LSD use, its criminalization, and the increasing effectiveness of drug law enforcement efforts, rather than new medical information. The last country to produce LSD legally (until 1975) was
Czechoslovakia; during the 1960s,
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experiences which they felt had a tremendously positive effect on their lives. While it is true that Leary's experiments did not lead to any murders, he willfully chose to ignore the bad trips which occurred, as well as the attempted suicide of a woman the day after she was given mescaline by Leary.
1372:
Later reexamination of Leary's data reveals his results to be skewed, whether intentionally or not; the percent of men in the study who ended up back in prison later in life was approximately 2% lower than the usual rate. Leary was later introduced to LSD, and he then incorporated that drug into his
999:
capable of producing model psychosis. By the mid-1950s, LSD research was being conducted in major
American medical centers, where researchers used LSD as a means of temporarily replicating the effects of mental illness. One of the leading authorities on LSD during the 1950s in the United States was
1849:
The CIA also created The
Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, which was a CIA funding front which provided grants to social scientists and medical researchers investigating questions of interest related to the MKULTRA program. Between 1960 and 1963, the CIA gave $ 856,782 worth of grants
1767:
In
December 1988, a neighbor reported a strange chemical odor coming from an architectural shop at a Mountain View, California industrial park. Federal agents arrived to find 200,000 doses of LSD and William Pickard inside. Pickard was charged with manufacturing LSD and served five years in prison.
1491:
Historically, LSD was distributed not for profit, but because those who made and distributed it truly believed that the psychedelic experience could be beneficial for humanity. A limited number of chemists, probably fewer than a dozen, are believed to have manufactured nearly all of the illicit LSD
1090:
Eight subjects received a full 200-microgram dose of LSD while four others received one-tenth as much. Participants then took part in two LSD-assisted therapy sessions two to three weeks apart. Subjects who took the full dose experienced reductions in anxiety averaging 20 per cent while those given
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declined, and governments became wary of permitting such research, fearing that the results of the research might encourage illicit LSD use. By the end of the 20th century, there were few authorized researchers left, and their efforts were mostly directed towards establishing approved protocols for
1740:
was a Los
Angeles-based psychiatrist. His work focused on the effects of psychedelics, primarily LSD. Cohen published 13 books in his life, all of them based on drugs and substance abuse. He began working with LSD in the 1950s. One of his earlier works is a video of an experiment that shows Cohen
1154:
The governors of Nevada and
California each signed bills into law on May 30, 1966, that make them the first two American states to outlaw the manufacture, sale, and possession of the drug. The law went into effect immediately in Nevada, and on October 6, 1966, in California. Other U.S. states and
2227:
The FBI suggested in now declassified documents that the
Grateful Dead were responsible for introducing LSD to the U.S. The Grateful Dead were the "house band" at Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters' Acid Tests. These free-form parties introduced many people on the West Coast to LSD for the first
917:
On April 19, 1943, Hofmann ingested 0.25 milligrams (250 micrograms) of the substance, which he estimated to be a small dose, but is actually about 10 times the minimum amount that produces a psychedelic effect. Between one and two hours later, Hofmann experienced slow and gradual changes in his
1142:
Although the initial observations on the benefits of LSD were highly optimistic, empirical data developed subsequently proved less promising ... Its use in scientific research has been extensive and its use has been widespread. Although the study of LSD and other hallucinogens increased the
1053:
From the late 1940s through the mid-1970s, extensive research and testing was conducted on LSD. During a 15-year period beginning in 1950, research on LSD and other hallucinogens generated over 1,000 scientific papers, several dozen books, and six international conferences. Overall, LSD was
3666:
Bad research is worse than no research, for it takes much tedious repetition to correct it. As "research" it conveys an aura of reliability, and eventually it comes to be quoted and requited in publications as established fact. It is the curse of every science, especially the behavioural
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is reputed to have introduced more than 6,000 people to LSD, including scientists, politicians, intelligence officials, diplomats, and church figures. He became known as the original "Captain Trips", travelling about with a leather case containing pharmaceutically pure LSD, mescaline, and
1812:
1816:
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LSD began to be used recreationally in certain (primarily medical) circles. Mainly academics and medical professionals, who became acquainted with LSD in their work, began using it themselves and sharing it with friends and associates. Among the first to do so was
British psychiatrist
1817:
3007:
1854:, and the project moved on to other substances. It would be decades before the U.S. government admitted the existence of the project and offered apologies to the families of those who were forced to participate in the experiments. During this time period, the use of LSD for
1862:
without the toxicity, LSD was sought for use under the pretense that it could induce hysteria and psychoses, or at least an inability to fight without wholesale destruction of the enemy and their properties. Thousands of tests on willing research subjects took place at the
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When subjects taking the low dose were switched to the full dose they too showed reduced anxiety, with the positive effects lasting for up to a year. The effects of the drug itself lasted for up to 10 hours with participants talking to Gasser throughout the experience.
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1814:
1838:. Hundreds of participants, including CIA agents, government employees, military personnel, prostitutes, members of the general public, and mental patients were given LSD, many without their knowledge or consent. The experiments often involved severe psychological
1833:
were being brainwashed with the use of some sort of drug or "lie serum". LSD was the original centerpiece of the top secret MKULTRA project, an ambitious undertaking conducted from the 1950s through the 70s designed to explore the possibilities of pharmaceutical
816:). It was set aside for five years, until April 16, 1943, when Hofmann decided to take a second look at it. While re-synthesizing LSD, he accidentally absorbed a small amount of the drug and discovered its powerful effects. He described what he felt as being:
938:
was first coined by US Army scientists during the 1950s when they were experimenting with LSD.) Hofmann foresaw the drug as a powerful psychiatric tool; because of its intense and introspective nature, he could not imagine anyone using it recreationally.
2303:, which was used for production in the 1970s, were placed under tight surveillance and government funding for LSD research was almost eliminated. These efforts were augmented by a series of major busts in England and Europe. One of the most famous was "
1923:, has said that in the early days of its recreational use, LSD users (who were at that time mostly academics and medical professionals) fell into two broadly delineated groups. The first group, which was essentially conservative and exemplified by
1265:(SRI). At various times over the next 20 years, Hubbard also reportedly worked for the Canadian Special Services, the U.S. Justice Department and the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms. It is also rumored that he was involved with the
2283:
Victor James Kapur had the first known home grown UK 'acid lab'. Up to then, all LSD had been imported from the U.S. or was remnant produce of Sandoz before it stopped producing LSD. In 1967, Kapur was caught distributing 19 grams of crystalline
4510:
1998:
In 1965, Sandoz laboratories stopped its still legal shipments of LSD to the United States for research and psychiatric use, after a request from the U.S. government concerned about its use. By April 1966, LSD use had become so widespread that
1098:"These results indicate that when administered safely in a methodologically rigorous medically supervised psychotherapeutic setting, LSD can reduce anxiety," the study concludes, "suggesting that larger controlled studies are warranted."
1698:
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A second group was busted in 1969. A lab in Kent, and a flat in London were raided simultaneously and quantities of equipment and LSD seized along with the two men who had been making the LSD, Quentin
Theobald and Peter Simmons.
1198:) and his descriptions of them in his writings did much to spread awareness of psychedelic drugs to the general public and arguably helped to glamorize their recreational use, although Huxley himself treated them very seriously.
1129:
By the mid-1960s the backlash against the use of LSD and its perceived corrosive effects on cultural values resulted in governmental action to restrict the availability of the drug by making use of it illegal. LSD was declared a
1416:
1086:, an American drug researcher, described the work as "a proof of concept" that he hoped would "break these substances out of the mold of the counterculture and bring them back to the lab as part of a psychedelic renaissance."
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1295:
This mention in America's most popular newsweekly is noteworthy because Abramson was not a psychiatrist or even a psychologist, but was an allergist who was a key participant in the CIA MK-ULTRA mind-control program.
762:
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Throughout the 1950s, mainstream media reported on research into LSD and its growing use in psychiatry, and undergraduate psychology students taking LSD as part of their education described the effects of the drug.
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was one of many men during the 1950s and 1960s who were given LSD in concert with psychotherapy. Many psychiatrists began taking the drug recreationally and sharing it with friends. Leary's experiments
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and subsequently the police raided both of his laboratories. One was in the back room of Kapur's chemist shop and another, larger one, was in a garage he rented from a friend of his brother-in-law.
1209:
in the 1940s. During the 1950s, he completed extensive studies of a number of drugs, including mescaline and LSD. As noted above, Osmond had some remarkable success in treating alcoholics with LSD.
1644:. Kesey wrote many detailed accounts of his experiences with these drugs, both during the Project MKULTRA study and in the years of private experimentation that followed. Kesey's role as a medical
4119:
4266:
Lim, HK; Andrenyak, D; Francom, P; Foltz, RL; Jones, RT (1988). "Quantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry".
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revolution in general. It is sometimes celebrated by riding a bike on psychedelics and/or in a parade, and often with psychedelic-themed festivities. The celebration of Bicycle Day originated in
1292:
of the Cold Spring Harbor Biological Laboratory has developed a technique of serving dinner to a group of subjects, topping off the meal with a liqueur glass containing 40 micrograms of LSD."
1813:
1134:" substance, legally designating that the drug has a "high potential for abuse" and is without any "currently accepted medical use in treatment." LSD was removed from legal circulation. The
3986:
2538:
Dr. Hofmann asked Roberts why he had called it Bicycle Day instead of LSD Day: "I told him that the bicycle was a more concrete image than a chemical structure, and in America there is
2259:
recalled that he arrived at their house and saw Mike sitting on the floor with highly dilated pupils, holding his bass guitar. Mike looked up at Billie and exclaimed, "Listen to this!"
1146:
However, drug studies have confirmed that the powerful hallucinogenic effects of this drug can produce profound adverse reactions, such as acute panic reactions, psychotic crises, and "
4424:
2295:
The availability of LSD had been drastically reduced by the late 1970s due to a combination of governmental controls and law enforcement. The supply of constituent chemicals including
1407:
magazine. Leary left the university for an extended amount of time during the spring semester, thus failing to fulfill his duties as professor. Leary and another Harvard psychologist,
1846:
machines and had their words recorded. Some studies investigated whether drugs, stress or specific environmental conditions could be used to break prisoners or to induce confessions.
3860:
2831:
1172:
was one of the most important figures in the early history of LSD. He was a figure of high repute in the world of letters and had become internationally famous through his novels
4236:
2240:. Acid historian Jesse Jarnow describes how Grateful Dead concerts served as the United States' primary distribution network for LSD in the second half of the twentieth century.
1031:, the founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, participated in medically supervised experiments on the effects of LSD on alcoholism and believed LSD could be used to cure alcoholics.
1540:"—ended with his arrest at the end of 1967, but some other manufacturers most likely operated continuously for 30 years or more. Announcing Owsley's first bust in 1966, The
1027:
who had failed to quit drinking. After one year, around 50% of the study group had not had a drink—a success rate that has never been duplicated by any other means.
3585:
1245:
Although he had no medical training, Hubbard collaborated on running psychedelic sessions with LSD with Ross McLean at Vancouver's Hollywood Hospital, with psychiatrists
1460:
757:. It was not until five years later on April 19, 1943, that the psychedelic properties were found. Today, the discovery of LSD is celebrated worldwide during the annual
594:
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1532:, regularly supplying them with LSD and working as their live sound engineer, creating many tapes of these groups in concert. Owsley's LSD activities—immortalized by
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The events of this first LSD trip, now known as "Bicycle Day", after the bicycle ride home, proved to Hofmann that he had indeed made a significant discovery: a
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1596:
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derivatives, Hofmann first synthesized LSD on November 16, 1938. The main intention of the synthesis was to obtain a respiratory and circulatory stimulant (an
3508:
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from the twenty-first century inhabiting a time module set somewhere in the Dark Ages of the 1960s. On this space colony, we were attempting to create a new
4471:
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1850:
to different organizations. The researchers eventually concluded that LSD's effects were too varied and uncontrollable to make it of any practical use as a
2170:
4127:
3648:
The evolution of LSD from remedy to inebriating drug was, however, primarily promoted by the activities of Leary and Richard Alpert of Harvard University
3320:
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1625:
1650:
1609:
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By 1962, the Harvard faculty's disapproval with Leary's experiments reached critical mass. Leary was informed that the CIA was monitoring his research (
3259:
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A judge who expressed dislike for Leary's books sentenced him to 30 years in prison for possession of half a marijuana cigarette in violation of the
2178:
LSD became a headline item in early 1967, and the Beatles admitted to having been under the influence of LSD. Earlier in the year, British tabloid
1326:
in 1958 for distribution by Sandoz with its product LSD in the U.S., further raising interest in LSD in the mass media. Following Wasson's report,
4302:
3830:
4420:
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2107:(and their wives) were dosed with LSD without their permission by their dentist, John Riley. Lennon mentioned the incident in his famous 1970
4520:
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How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence
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In May 1953 Osmond gave Huxley his first dose of mescaline at the Huxley home. In 1954 Huxley recorded his experiences in the landmark book
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was under consideration and testing, among other substances. Looking to replicate the effects of nerve gas created by the Germans during
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in the United States distributed LSD on a limited basis for scientific research. Scientific study of LSD largely ceased by about 1980 as
4549:
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1529:
1517:
1071:
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raids instigated the end of the Millbrook experiment. Leary refocused his efforts towards countering the tremendous amount of anti-LSD
3696:
1803:
1787:
1761:
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Maclean, J.R.; Macdonald, D.C.; Ogden, F.; Wilby, E. (1967). "LSD-25 and mescaline as therapeutic adjuvants". In Abramson, H. (ed.).
1467:. Publicity surrounding the case further cemented Leary's growing reputation as a counter cultural guru. Around this time, President
1070:
Sandoz halted LSD production in August 1965 after growing governmental protests at its proliferation among the general populace. The
2789:
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2082:
942:
758:
713:
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1935:, felt that LSD had the power to revolutionize society and that it should be spread as widely as possible and be available to all.
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A 2014 study showed evidence that LSD can have therapeutic benefits in treating anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases.
2571:
1339:
4010:
Price, H; David (2007). "Buying a Piece of Anthrology Part 1: Human Ecology and Unwitting Anthropological Research for the CIA".
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compounds and psilocybin. In particular, a study released in 2012 highlighted the extraordinary effectiveness of LSD in treating
1842:. To guard against outward reactions, doctors conducted experiments in clinics and laboratories where subjects were monitored by
1581:
584:
3343:"Safety and Efficacy of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated With Life-threatening Diseases"
2442:" (around 10 micrograms) of LSD in an effort to "work through technical problems and become more innovative." In 2018, the book
934:
substance with extraordinary potency, capable of causing significant shifts of consciousness in incredibly low doses. (The term
2518:
2512:
2346:
2308:
2060:
1987:
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1369:. His group began conducting experiments on state prisoners, where they claimed a 90% success rate preventing repeat offenses.
1135:
682:
1821:'Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) on Troops Marching' - 16mm film produced by the United States military circa 1958
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Sandoz manufactured LSD for research use, and provided ampules to qualified researchers under the trade-name Delysid in 1947.
4554:
3951:
2713:
2350:
2064:
1483:." Many experts blame Leary and his activism for the near-total suppression of psychedelic research over the next 35 years.
554:
3404:
United States Congress House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce Subcommittee on Public Health and Welfare (1968).
2679:
2267:
During the 1960s and early 1970s, the drug culture adopted LSD as the psychedelic drug of choice, particularly amongst the
2125:", a fanciful song which many assumed referred to LSD, although he always denied the connection as coincidence. The songs "
782:, as a co-worker with professor Arthur Stoll, founder and director of the pharmaceutical department. He began studying the
3235:
Hoffer, A. (1967). "A program for the treatment of alcoholism: LSD, malvaria, and nicotinic acid". In Abramson, H. (ed.).
2438:
magazine reported on an increasing number of young professionals, particularly in the San Francisco area, who were using "
2122:
1790:. On July 27, 2020, Pickard was granted Compassionate Release from federal prison after serving 17 years of his sentence.
1783:, where he theorized that the booming black market and many unemployed chemists could lead to a flood of the drug market.
1131:
3422:
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1867:
in Maryland, with the ultimate conclusion being that LSD was too unpredictable and uncontrollable for any tactical use.
1591:'s School of Journalism, where he received a degree in speech and communication in 1957, where he was also a brother of
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706:
423:
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community. However, LSD dramatically decreased in popularity in the mid-1970s (see above graph which covers the period
2139:
album explicitly reference LSD trips, and many lines of "Tomorrow Never Knows" were borrowed from Timothy Leary's book
4376:
Krebs, Teri (2012). "Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
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perception. He asked his laboratory assistant to escort him home. As was customary in Basel, they made the journey by
501:
2335:
4355:
3722:
2805:
4472:"Oregon becomes first state to legalize magic mushrooms as more states ease drug laws in 'psychedelic renaissance'"
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2406:
2285:
2141:
1480:
1464:
860:
657:
4320:"The Persistence of the Subjective in Neuropsychopharmacology. Observations of Contemporary Hallucinogen Research"
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3512:
3005:, Arthur Stoll & Albert Hofmann, "D-lysergic acid diethyl amide", published March 23, 1948
2354:
2339:
2053:
1496:, usually known simply as Owsley or Bear. The former chemistry student set up a private LSD lab in the mid-60s in
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1438:
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417:
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2135:
2013:
453:
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3137:
Langlitz, Nicolas (2006). "Ceci n'est pas une psychose. Toward a Historical Epistemology of Model Psychoses".
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subculture. LSD use and availability declined sharply following a raid of a large scale LSD lab in 2000 (see
1898:
Estimated annual numbers of first-time LSD use in the United States among persons aged 12 or older: 1967–2008
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interview, but the name of the dentist was revealed only in 2006. On August 24, 1965, Lennon, Harrison and
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in 1962. The success of the book, as well as the sale of his residence at Stanford, allowed him to move to
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1621:
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1362:
1254:
1234:
1223:
441:
358:
277:
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Ditman, K.S.; Bailey, J.J. (1967). "Evaluating LSD as a psychotherapeutic agent". In Abramson, H. (ed.).
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Novak, Steven J. (1997). "LSD before Leary: Sidney Cohen's Critique of 1950s Psychedelic Drug Research".
2121:
repeatedly said "I know what it's like to be dead" to John Lennon during an LSD trip. John Lennon wrote "
1985:
wrote a widely read account of the early days of LSD's entrance into the non-academic world in his book
1946:
symbolism often engendered by the drug's powerful effects, and advocated its use as a method of raising
1449:
1420:, which argued that the psychedelic experience paralleled the death/rebirth experience described in the
677:
559:
3826:
3002:
2861:"Bicycle Day Returns to San Francisco April 19th, Feat. Emancipator, Desert Dwellers & Many Others"
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high-quality LSD was imported from the communist country to California, a fact appreciated by Leary in
2256:
2130:
2018:
1753:
1655:
1588:
1577:
1024:
687:
667:
574:
33:
1977:
The popularization of LSD outside of the medical world was hastened when individuals such as author
1894:
1786:
In 2000, Pickard was arrested for manufacturing LSD in Kansas and was serving two life sentences at
3908:
Novak, SJ (1997). "LSD before Leary. Sidney Cohen's Critique of 1950's Psychedelic Drug Research".
2641:
2502:
2418:
2300:
2255:" bass line while under the influence of LSD. In an interview, Green Day lead singer and guitarist
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1116:
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970:
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468:
428:
405:
391:
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1829:(CIA) became interested in LSD when they read reports alleging that American prisoners during the
1377:
of choice. Leary claimed that his experiments produced no murders, suicides, psychotic breaks, or
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3636:
3349:
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3090:
2619:
2213:
2150:
1967:
1776:
1703:
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1569:
1549:
headline "LSD Millionaire Arrested" inspired the rare Grateful Dead song "Alice D. Millionaire".
1525:
1456:
1354:
1079:
further work with LSD in easing the suffering of the dying and with drug addicts and alcoholics.
1039:
876:
754:
569:
223:
2739:
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4339:
4283:
4242:
4171:
4146:
4042:
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3688:
3626:
3185:
3154:
3082:
3074:
3026:
2785:
2422:
2394:
2180:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2126:
2009:
1950:. The personalities associated with the subculture included spiritual gurus such as Leary and
1876:
1757:
1262:
834:
622:
496:
463:
183:
126:
99:
2781:
2774:
1273:
project. How his government positions actually interacted with his work with LSD is unknown.
4385:
4331:
4275:
4019:
3917:
3456:
3146:
3066:
2832:"Bicycle Day: Honoring The Onset Of The Psychedelic Revolution As It Zooms Across The Globe"
2747:
1992:
1951:
1880:
1864:
1722:
1509:
1305:
1075:
954:
734:
647:
400:
331:
249:
218:
213:
203:
198:
109:
3910:
Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
871:
Honors the anniversary of the first ever intentional acid trip, undergone by Swiss chemist
3810:
Baker, Jeff (November 11, 2001). "All times a great artist, Ken Kesey is dead at age 66".
2575:
2390:
2304:
2252:
2185:
2104:
2000:
1884:
1799:
1617:
1604:
1537:
1319:
1313:
1250:
1190:
1043:
996:
987:
805:
797:
786:
783:
617:
516:
353:
208:
178:
79:
67:
59:
800:. His main contribution was to elucidate the chemical structure of the common nucleus of
4197:
2860:
2413:(who served 17 years of a two lifetime sentence in US federal prison in Tucson, AZ) and
18:
2568:
2564:
2454:
2449:
2414:
2221:
2197:
1904:
1683:
1493:
1427:
1206:
1202:
1047:
1035:
1020:
872:
771:
746:
632:
521:
511:
491:
298:
168:
2542:
that marks the start of our revolution in 1775 that makes a parallel with his ride..."
2464:, a four-part documentary film adaptation of the book, was released in 2022. In 2020,
1938:
During the 1960s, this second 'group' of casual LSD users evolved and expanded into a
4543:
4506:
4023:
3979:"LSD Chemist And Psychedelic Icon William Leonard Pickard To Be Released From Prison"
3681:
3166:
2751:
2507:
2434:
2296:
2109:
1955:
1947:
1932:
1924:
1726:
1667:
1592:
1557:
1521:
1497:
1468:
1346:
1327:
1258:
1219:
1169:
1013:
1005:
809:
662:
627:
526:
23:
4405:
4351:
4304:
Neuropsychedelia. The Revival of Hallucinogen Research since the Decade of the Brain
3937:
3094:
1995:
on the psychedelic bus "Furthur" and the Pranksters' later 'Acid Test' LSD parties.
1974:, and soon attracted a great deal of publicity, generating further interest in LSD.
1572:
to dairy farmers Frederick A. Kesey and Ginevra Smith. In 1946, the family moved to
49:
3781:"Ken Kesey, Author of 'Cuckoo's Nest,' Who Defined the Psychedelic Era, Dies at 66"
2205:
2201:
1959:
1859:
1835:
1780:
1737:
1675:
1666:" involving music (such as Kesey's favorite band, The Warlocks, later known as the
1422:
1342:
DEA agents Howard Safir (left) and Don Strange (right) with Leary in custody (1972)
1246:
1174:
1107:
1009:
1001:
931:
821:
761:
holiday, serving also as the day celebrating the psychedelic revolution in general.
396:
291:
260:
4448:"How to Change Your Mind: the documentary that wants you to think again about LSD"
1616:
At Stanford in 1959, Kesey volunteered to take part in a CIA-financed study named
4512:
Acid Dreams: The complete social history of LSD: The CIA, the sixties, and beyond
3751:"For the unrepentant patriarch of LSD, long, strange trip winds back to Bay Area"
3587:
THE PSYCHEDELIC EXPERIENCE. A manual based on THE TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD, pg 12
3405:
2776:
Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, The Sixties, and Beyond
2468:
became the first U.S. state to decriminalize possession of small amounts of LSD.
3746:
2675:
2477:
2324:
2217:
2118:
2114:
2100:
2042:
1971:
1916:
1760:
jazz clubs in New York City. In 1971, he got a job as a research manager at the
1715:
1711:
1679:
1671:
1513:
1452:
1398:
1309:
1083:
950:
652:
313:
265:
233:
188:
158:
153:
94:
89:
41:
3426:
3375:"First scientific study of LSD in 40 years shows positive therapeutic results"
3150:
2426:
2398:
2244:
2224:
were arrested for drug possession, although none of the arrests involved LSD.
2146:
1963:
1939:
1851:
1830:
1710:
by Frank Reynolds. Ken Kesey was also said to have experimented with LSD with
1663:
1645:
1553:
1533:
1501:
1476:
1350:
1323:
1239:
1055:
692:
486:
388:
308:
228:
173:
138:
84:
4389:
4335:
3158:
3078:
1201:
Huxley was introduced to psychedelic drugs in 1953 by a friend, psychiatrist
796:
as part of a program to purify and synthesize active constituents for use as
3538:
2925:
2248:
2233:
2212:
journalists and the London Drug Squad, many pop stars including Donovan and
2162:
2025:
1982:
1978:
1764:
in the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, a job he held until 1974.
1693:
1662:. He frequently entertained friends and many others with parties he called "
1505:
1479:
then being issued by the United States government, popularizing the slogan "
1195:
1180:
813:
738:
612:
458:
378:
348:
338:
303:
163:
148:
143:
114:
4397:
4343:
3916:(1). US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health: 87–110.
2184:
ran a sensational three-week series on "drug parties" hosted by rock group
1699:
Hell's Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs
4287:
3929:
3662:
Drugs of hallucination: The uses and misuses of lysergic acid diethylamide
3086:
1991:, which documented the cross-country, acid-fueled voyage of Kesey and the
1441:. However, this decision was reversed in the 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case
1417:
The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead
1205:. Osmond had become interested in hallucinogens and their relationship to
945:
is an informal celebration on April 19th of the anniversary of this first
4319:
2976:
2809:
2385:
LSD made a comeback in the 1980s accompanying the advent of recreational
1943:
1928:
1431:
1408:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1358:
1270:
1185:
886:
589:
448:
368:
363:
238:
4279:
4087:
3479:
774:, born in Switzerland, joined the pharmaceutical-chemical department of
3030:
2567:; translated from the original German (LSD Ganz Persönlich) by J. Ott.
2497:
2193:
2189:
2096:
2067: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1839:
1633:
1603:, which he did the following year. While at Stanford, he studied under
1492:
available in the United States. The best known of these is undoubtedly
1403:
1028:
919:
104:
1714:
in 1965 and that he influenced the setup for future performances with
1624:
Veterans Hospital. The project studied the effects on the patients of
1338:
992:
magazine published six positive reports on LSD between 1954 and 1959.
2957:"Flashback: LSD Creator Albert Hofmann Drops Acid for the First Time"
2465:
2268:
1366:
790:
775:
750:
637:
383:
193:
1682:" effects, and, of course, LSD. These parties were noted in some of
3921:
3070:
745:) was first synthesized on November 16, 1938, by the Swiss chemist
1893:
1807:
1756:
but dropped out after one term, instead preferring to hang out at
1337:
1218:; the title was drawn from a quotation by British artist and poet
1106:
1067:
spread LSD usage to a much wider segment of the general populace.
793:
779:
17:
1471:
described Leary as "the most dangerous man in America." Repeated
978:
LSD was brought to the attention of the United States in 1949 by
824:
play of colors. After about two hours this condition faded away.
4476:
4092:
2402:
2386:
1008:
whom he had met in 1955. In 1957, with the help of psychologist
672:
642:
343:
3407:
Increased Controls Over Hallucinogens and Other Dangerous Drugs
3252:"LSD could help alcoholics stop drinking, AA founder believed"
2738:
Materson, Barry J.; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth (19 June 1967).
2318:
2036:
1629:
1472:
1266:
1016:
tested LSD on more than 100 painters, writers, and composers.
946:
742:
373:
1222:. Huxley tried LSD for the first time in 1955, obtained from
1150:", especially in users ill-equipped to deal with such trauma.
3952:"LSD Expert Dr. Sidney Cohen To Lecture Here April 12 in LT"
1520:
in June 1967. He also had close social connections with the
982:
because they believed LSD might have clinical applications.
1054:
prescribed as treatment to over 40,000 patients. Film star
3853:"Dr. Sidney Cohen, 76, Dead: Studied Mood Altering Drugs"
2299:, which was used for production of LSD in the 1960s, and
4170:. New York, NY: New American Library. pp. 171–172.
3584:
Leary, Timothy; Metzner, Ralph; Alpert, Richard (1964),
3455:. Vol. 39, no. 256. p. 14. Archived from
3145:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 159–180.
1381:. Almost all of Leary's participants reported profound
957:, in 1985, when Thomas B. Roberts, then a professor at
4421:"How LSD Microdosing Became the Hot New Business Trip"
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
1253:
at the International Federation for Advanced Study in
1155:
many other countries soon followed with similar bans.
833:
Not to be confused with the United Nations designated
4143:
The Beatles: A Diary – An Intimate Day by Day History
1981:
participated in drug trials and liked what they saw.
1599:
in 1958 to enroll in the creative writing program at
4238:
Albion Dreaming: A Popular History of LSD in Britain
4168:
The Love You Make: An Insider's Story of the Beatles
3467:– via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
2806:"LSD Discovery-Albert Hofmann + Hofmann at 99 years"
1194:. His experiments with psychedelic drugs (initially
4307:(Ph.D. thesis). Berkeley: University of California.
2397:through dance clubs, then in the 1990s through the
1580:in both high school and college, he graduated from
907:
892:
882:
867:
855:
847:
842:
4005:
4003:
3779:
3680:
3664:. London: Secker & Warburg. pp. 224–225.
3310:
2975:
2773:
1779:. His studies focused on drug abuse in the former
1552:Owsley associated with other early LSD producers,
4120:"Revealed: Dentist who introduced Beatles to LSD"
3535:"ROBERT GORDON WASSON Seeking the Magic Mushroom"
3182:Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD from Clinic to Campus
2714:"Basel: The birthplace of hallucinogenic science"
1708:Freewheelin Frank, Secretary of the Hell's Angels
595:Psilocybin decriminalization in the United States
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
2676:"Europe | LSD inventor Albert Hofmann dies"
4230:
4228:
3423:"DEA - Publications - LSD in the US - The Drug"
1392:
1140:
1088:
924:
818:
3237:The Use of LSD in Psychotherapy and Alcoholism
3222:The Use of LSD in Psychotherapy and Alcoholism
3207:The Use of LSD in Psychotherapy and Alcoholism
2610:
2608:
1411:, were dismissed from the university in 1963.
2017:was released. This was followed by the films
1686:'s poems and are also described in the books
1136:United States Drug Enforcement Administration
1091:the low dose reported becoming more anxious.
714:
8:
3239:. New York: Bobbs-Merrill. pp. 353–402.
3209:. New York: Bobbs-Merrill. pp. 407–426.
1729:and set out on a tour to propagate LSD use.
1500:and supplied the LSD consumed at the famous
1330:visited Mexico to experience the mushrooms.
4039:Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream
2919:
2917:
2915:
2889:Smith, Darren 'HarpDaddy' (19 April 2021).
2353:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2208:. Largely as a result of collusion between
1921:Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream
1607:and began the manuscript that would become
3224:. New York: Bobbs-Merrill. pp. 74–80.
3065:(1). University of Chicago Press: 87–110.
2891:"Tuesday is 420, but today is Bicycle Day"
2740:"LSD "Mainlining": A New Hazard to Health"
2588:"Hallucinogenic effects of LSD discovered"
1322:. This prompted Albert Hofmann to isolate
839:
721:
707:
28:
4219:Heads: A Biography of Psychedelic America
3827:"Learning From a '50's Housewife on Acid"
3425:. Web.petabox.bibalex.org. Archived from
2373:Learn how and when to remove this message
2083:Learn how and when to remove this message
1516:in San Francisco in January 1967 and the
3753:. San Francisco Chronicle. p. A-1.
2188:and attended by leading stars including
3883:"Psychiatry: An Epidemic of Acid Heads"
3687:. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Books. p.
3281:"Patients urged to tell of LSD therapy"
2699:
2616:"Freedom of speech - use it or lose it"
2554:
2531:
2175:which included a track titled "L.S.D."
2157:helped give birth to a genre known as "
1455:) on the grounds that the Act required
40:
4166:Brown, Peter; Gaines, Steven (2002) .
3109:"LSD - TIME Magazine - search results"
2560:
2558:
2145:. Around the same time, bands such as
1911:Psychedelic subculture goes mainstream
1434:and a new dedication to life as art."
4531:"LSD and the American Counterculture"
3625:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 29.
3323:from the original on January 13, 2017
2569:MAPS-Volume 6, Number 69, Summer 1969
2117:took their second trip on LSD. Actor
1771:By 1994, Pickard had enrolled at the
1125:Convention on Psychotropic Substances
7:
4484:from the original on 4 November 2020
3889:from the original on August 13, 2019
3833:from the original on October 1, 2019
3385:from the original on 18 October 2017
2351:adding citations to reliable sources
2065:adding citations to reliable sources
1773:John F. Kennedy School of Government
580:Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms
4427:from the original on 29 August 2017
4419:Andrew Leonard (20 November 2015).
3958:from the original on April 20, 2020
3825:Braiker, Brian (January 18, 2011).
3721:Greenfield, Robert (Mar 14, 2011).
3709:owsley white lightning human be-in.
2228:time, as documented in Tom Wolfe's
2005:magazine warned about its dangers.
1530:Big Brother and The Holding Company
1518:Monterey International Pop Festival
1072:National Institute of Mental Health
804:glycosides (an active principle of
4196:, countyourculture, archived from
4065:. TIME. 1966-04-22. Archived from
3863:from the original on July 14, 2019
3562:. TIME. 1958-06-16. Archived from
3511:. TIME. 1955-12-19. Archived from
3410:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
3184:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
2924:McMillan, Trisha (30 March 2013).
2656:from the original on 23 March 2018
2417:(now serving 30 years in prison).
1804:Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
1788:United States Penitentiary, Tucson
1762:University of California, Berkeley
1597:Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship
1318:magazine extolling the virtues of
1062:
995:LSD was originally perceived as a
14:
4118:Herbert, Ian (9 September 2006).
3885:. Time Magazine. March 11, 1966.
3723:"Owsley Stanley: The King of LSD"
3421:DEA Public Affairs (2001-11-16).
3309:Benedict Carey (March 14, 2014).
2955:Calderon, Trina (19 April 2018).
2808:. Skeptically.org. Archived from
1365:religious rituals while visiting
4145:. London: Omnibus. p. 169.
4024:10.1111/j.1467-8322.2007.00510.x
3792:from the original on 2009-04-06.
3537:. Imaginaria.org. Archived from
3509:"Medicine: Artificial Psychoses"
2936:from the original on 11 May 2021
2752:10.1001/jama.1967.03120250160025
2323:
2041:
1038:the use of LSD was pioneered by
1019:In one study in the late 1950s,
585:Legal status of Salvia divinorum
48:
4446:Heritage, Stuart (2022-07-12).
4358:from the original on 2014-02-13
4100:from the original on 2017-02-09
3989:from the original on 2020-07-27
3954:. The Corsair. March 30, 1966.
3757:from the original on 2007-12-31
3600:from the original on 2021-01-19
3490:from the original on 2016-12-20
3373:Vincent, James (6 March 2014).
3312:"LSD: Reconsidered for Therapy"
3262:from the original on 2020-11-12
2984:from the original on 2015-03-04
2901:from the original on 2022-07-26
2871:from the original on 2022-04-07
2842:from the original on 2022-04-19
2682:from the original on 2010-06-01
2594:from the original on 2014-03-11
2513:The Brotherhood of Eternal Love
2309:The Brotherhood of Eternal Love
2230:The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test
2052:needs additional citations for
1988:The Electric Kool Aid Acid Test
1942:that extolled the mystical and
1721:In the summer of 1964, Kesey's
1689:The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test
1651:One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
1648:inspired him to write the book
1610:One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
683:Regulation of therapeutic goods
3977:Hampton, Justin (2020-07-25).
2618:. Flashback.se. Archived from
1568:Ken Kesey was born in 1935 in
1444:Timothy Leary v. United States
1168:Renowned British intellectual
741:) lysergic acid diethylamide (
555:Drug policy of the Netherlands
1:
4378:Journal of Psychopharmacology
4324:History of the Human Sciences
2123:Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
3560:"Medicine: Mushroom Madness"
3480:"The Original Captain Trips"
3115:. 1944-04-03. Archived from
1288:"In Manhattan, Psychiatrist
959:Northern Illinois University
424:List of psilocybin mushrooms
4063:"Drugs: The Dangers of LSD"
3679:Greenfield, Robert (2006).
3250:Hill, Amelia (2012-08-23).
2488:Counterculture of the 1960s
1827:Central Intelligence Agency
1494:Augustus Owsley Stanley III
1263:Stanford Research Institute
502:Counterculture of the 1960s
4576:
4550:Lysergic acid diethylamide
4536:vol 3 pp. 41–46 (PDF)
4318:Langlitz, Nicolas (2010).
4301:Langlitz, Nicolas (2007).
4088:"Hallucination Generation"
3776:Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher
3683:Timothy Leary: A Biography
3619:"From Remedy to Inebriant"
2142:The Psychedelic Experience
1919:, author of the 1987 book
1874:
1797:
1794:Secret government research
1481:Turn on, tune in, drop out
1312:, published an article in
1114:
1103:Resistance and prohibition
1023:gave LSD to alcoholics in
968:
861:lysergic acid diethylamide
832:
658:Philosophy of psychedelics
4529:Stephenson, Scott (2014)
3151:10.1017/s174585520605023x
2977:"Bicycle Day, April 19th"
2169:released an album called
1658:in the mountains west of
1632:, psilocybin, mescaline,
1439:Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
1249:and Humphry Osmond; with
1121:Controlled Substances Act
778:Laboratories, located in
418:List of psychedelic drugs
4509:; Shlain, Bruce (1992).
4390:10.1177/0269881112439253
4336:10.1177/0952695109352413
4126:. London. Archived from
3617:Hofmann, Albert (1980).
3449:"Control Law Set On LSD"
2678:. BBC News. 2008-04-30.
2407:LSD in the United States
2014:Hallucination Generation
1752:earned a scholarship to
1414:In 1964, they published
1308:, the vice president of
2780:. Grove Press. p.
2772:Lee, Martin A. (1985).
2640:Roberts, Jacob (2017).
2590:. The History Channel.
2493:Urban legends about LSD
2461:How to Change Your Mind
2411:William Leonard Pickard
2278:The Politics of Ecstasy
2238:Searching for the Sound
1750:William Leonard Pickard
1745:William Leonard Pickard
1582:Springfield High School
1543:San Francisco Chronicle
1373:research as his mental
1215:The Doors of Perception
1159:Influential individuals
565:Drug policy of Portugal
532:William Leonard Pickard
319:Psychedelic microdosing
4241:. Marshall Cavendish.
4235:Roberts, Andy (2008).
4217:Jarnow, Jesse (2016).
3660:Cohen, Sidney (1965).
3478:Fahey, Todd and Lisa.
3003:US Patent 2438259A
2746:. pp. 1126–1127.
2483:Casey William Hardison
2409:). The lab was run by
2008:In December 1966, the
1954:musicians such as the
1899:
1856:psychochemical warfare
1822:
1393:Government experiments
1343:
1255:Menlo Park, California
1235:Alfred Matthew Hubbard
1152:
1112:
1100:
928:
875:on April 19, 1943, in
826:
278:Psychedelic literature
26:
4555:History of psychiatry
4141:Miles, Barry (1998).
4037:Stevens, Jay (1987).
3623:LSD: My Problem Child
3285:Newsquest Media Group
2311:and to Ronald Stark.
1897:
1820:
1674:, fluorescent paint,
1459:, thus violating the
1401:in an interview with
1341:
1110:
808:). While researching
678:Recreational drug use
560:Drug policy of Oregon
21:
4515:. Grove Weidenfeld.
4268:Analytical Chemistry
4193:LSD in the FBI Vault
3447:CCS (May 31, 1966).
3180:Dyck, Erika (2008).
3023:LSD My Problem Child
2347:improve this section
2257:Billie Joe Armstrong
2133:" from the Beatles'
2131:Tomorrow Never Knows
2061:improve this article
1754:Princeton University
1656:La Honda, California
1589:University of Oregon
1224:"Captain" Al Hubbard
1025:Alcoholics Anonymous
806:Mediterranean squill
688:Self-experimentation
668:Prohibition of drugs
575:Legality of cannabis
4560:History of pharmacy
4480:. 4 November 2020.
4280:10.1021/ac00165a015
4069:on January 27, 2008
3515:on November 5, 2012
2974:Thomas B. Roberts.
2895:The Anchorage Press
2519:The Sunshine Makers
2503:Psychedelic therapy
2419:Gordon Todd Skinner
2301:ergotamine tartrate
2095:On March 27, 1965,
1727:bus named "Furthur"
1660:Stanford University
1601:Stanford University
1595:. He was awarded a
1587:Kesey attended the
1574:Springfield, Oregon
1285:magazine reported:
1117:Prohibition (drugs)
980:Sandoz Laboratories
971:Psychedelic therapy
550:Drug liberalization
429:Psychoactive cactus
4012:Anthropology Today
3857:The New York Times
3786:The New York Times
3459:on 18 October 2016
2830:DeAngelo, Andrew.
2812:on January 8, 2009
2574:2013-12-06 at the
2432:In November 2015,
2395:gothic subcultures
2389:use, first in the
2251:wrote the famous "
2151:Jefferson Airplane
1968:Jefferson Airplane
1900:
1823:
1777:Harvard University
1704:Hunter S. Thompson
1626:psychoactive drugs
1570:La Junta, Colorado
1526:Jefferson Airplane
1457:self-incrimination
1355:Harvard University
1344:
1290:Harold A. Abramson
1277:Harold A. Abramson
1113:
1040:Ronald A. Sandison
1000:the psychoanalyst
877:Basel, Switzerland
755:Basel, Switzerland
570:Drug policy reform
224:Psychedelic trance
27:
4522:978-0-8021-3062-4
4423:. Rolling Stone.
4248:978-1-905736-27-0
4177:978-0-4512-0735-7
4152:978-0-7119-9196-5
4130:on 21 March 2015.
4096:. December 1966.
4048:978-0-8021-3587-2
3632:978-0-07-029325-0
3533:Joaquim Tarinas.
3191:978-1-4214-0075-4
2930:Catalyst Magazine
2458:best-seller, and
2383:
2382:
2375:
2263:Production of LSD
2210:News of the World
2181:News of the World
2167:The Pretty Things
2155:The Grateful Dead
2127:She Said She Said
2093:
2092:
2085:
2033:Musicians and LSD
2010:exploitation film
1890:From 1960 to 1980
1877:Psychedelic music
1818:
1758:Greenwich Village
1512:, as well as the
1502:Acid Test parties
1465:U.S. Constitution
915:
914:
835:World Bicycle Day
731:
730:
623:Cognitive liberty
497:Alexander Shulgin
464:Psychedelic Press
184:Palm Desert Scene
127:Psychedelic music
100:Liquid light show
4567:
4534:Burgmann Journal
4526:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4251:. Archived from
4232:
4223:
4222:
4221:. Da Capo Press.
4214:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3859:. May 17, 1987.
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3807:
3794:
3793:
3783:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3686:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3635:. Archived from
3614:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3599:
3592:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:on July 15, 2009
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3484:fargonebooks.com
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3354:
3348:. Archived from
3347:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3314:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3287:. Archived from
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3054:
3035:
3034:
3021:Albert Hoffman.
3018:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2921:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2779:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2712:Miller, Norman.
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2584:
2578:
2562:
2543:
2536:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2327:
2319:
2274:
2172:Get the Picture?
2159:psychedelic rock
2088:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2045:
2037:
1993:Merry Pranksters
1952:psychedelic rock
1881:Psychedelic rock
1871:Recreational use
1865:Edgewood Arsenal
1819:
1723:Merry Pranksters
1548:
1510:Merry Pranksters
1349:, a lecturer in
1306:R. Gordon Wasson
1300:R. Gordon Wasson
1076:research funding
955:DeKalb, Illinois
903:
901:
840:
753:laboratories in
735:psychedelic drug
723:
716:
709:
648:Neuroenhancement
406:San Pedro cactus
250:Psychedelic film
219:Psychedelic soul
214:Psychedelic rock
204:Psychedelic funk
199:Psychedelic folk
52:
29:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4540:
4539:
4523:
4505:
4502:
4500:Further reading
4497:
4487:
4485:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4456:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4384:(7): 994–1002.
4375:
4374:
4370:
4361:
4359:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4249:
4234:
4233:
4226:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4203:
4201:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4178:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4124:The Independent
4117:
4116:
4112:
4103:
4101:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4072:
4070:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4049:
4041:. Grove Press.
4036:
4035:
4031:
4009:
4008:
4001:
3992:
3990:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3961:
3959:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3890:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3797:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3760:
3758:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3642:
3640:
3633:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3569:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3544:
3542:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3493:
3491:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3432:
3430:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3388:
3386:
3379:The Independent
3372:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3294:
3292:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3265:
3263:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3122:
3120:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3056:
3055:
3038:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2985:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2923:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2902:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2685:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2597:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2576:Wayback Machine
2563:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2474:
2452:became a No. 1
2379:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2344:
2328:
2317:
2305:Operation Julie
2272:
2265:
2186:the Moody Blues
2105:George Harrison
2089:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2058:
2046:
2035:
1913:
1892:
1887:
1885:Psychedelic art
1873:
1808:
1806:
1800:Project MKULTRA
1796:
1747:
1735:
1628:, particularly
1618:Project MKULTRA
1605:Wallace Stegner
1566:
1546:
1538:Kid Charlemagne
1536:in their song "
1489:
1461:Fifth Amendment
1428:anthropologists
1363:Native American
1336:
1320:magic mushrooms
1302:
1279:
1251:Myron Stolaroff
1232:
1191:Brave New World
1166:
1161:
1127:
1105:
1044:Powick Hospital
997:psychotomimetic
973:
967:
965:Psychiatric use
899:
897:
859:Consumption of
838:
831:
798:pharmaceuticals
784:medicinal plant
769:
727:
698:
697:
608:
600:
599:
545:
537:
536:
517:Psychedelic era
482:
474:
473:
444:
434:
433:
334:
324:
323:
294:
284:
283:
209:Psychedelic pop
179:Neo-psychedelia
80:Algorithmic art
68:Psychedelic art
62:
12:
11:
5:
4573:
4571:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4527:
4521:
4507:Lee, Martin A.
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4463:
4438:
4411:
4368:
4310:
4293:
4274:(14): 1420–5.
4258:
4255:on 2014-09-15.
4247:
4224:
4209:
4183:
4176:
4158:
4151:
4133:
4110:
4079:
4054:
4047:
4029:
3999:
3969:
3943:
3922:10.1086/383628
3900:
3874:
3844:
3817:
3814:. pp. A1.
3795:
3778:(2001-11-11).
3767:
3749:(2007-07-12).
3738:
3713:
3698:978-0151005000
3697:
3671:
3652:
3631:
3609:
3576:
3551:
3525:
3500:
3470:
3453:The Desert Sun
3439:
3413:
3396:
3365:
3334:
3319:. p. D3.
3317:New York Times
3301:
3272:
3242:
3227:
3212:
3197:
3190:
3172:
3129:
3100:
3071:10.1086/383628
3036:
3013:
2994:
2966:
2947:
2911:
2881:
2867:. 2022-04-04.
2852:
2822:
2797:
2790:
2764:
2730:
2704:
2692:
2667:
2632:
2604:
2579:
2565:Albert Hofmann
2553:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2455:New York Times
2450:Michael Pollan
2415:Clyde Apperson
2381:
2380:
2331:
2329:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2264:
2261:
2222:Keith Richards
2214:Rolling Stones
2198:Pete Townshend
2091:
2090:
2049:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2031:
1929:Richard Alpert
1915:LSD historian
1912:
1909:
1905:Humphry Osmond
1891:
1888:
1872:
1869:
1795:
1792:
1746:
1743:
1734:
1731:
1684:Allen Ginsberg
1565:
1562:
1488:
1487:Owsley Stanley
1485:
1409:Richard Alpert
1335:
1332:
1301:
1298:
1278:
1275:
1231:
1230:Alfred Hubbard
1228:
1207:mental illness
1203:Humphry Osmond
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1104:
1101:
1048:Worcestershire
1036:United Kingdom
1021:Humphry Osmond
966:
963:
949:trip, and the
913:
912:
909:
905:
904:
894:
893:Next time
890:
889:
884:
880:
879:
873:Albert Hofmann
869:
865:
864:
857:
853:
852:
849:
845:
844:
830:
827:
772:Albert Hofmann
768:
765:
747:Albert Hofmann
729:
728:
726:
725:
718:
711:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
633:Harm reduction
630:
625:
620:
615:
609:
607:Related topics
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
524:
522:Summer of Love
519:
514:
512:Owsley Stanley
509:
507:History of LSD
504:
499:
494:
492:Albert Hofmann
489:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
445:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
421:
413:
412:
409:
408:
403:
394:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
335:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
299:Counterculture
295:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
273:
272:
269:
268:
263:
257:
256:
246:
245:
242:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
169:Hypnagogic pop
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
135:
134:
131:
130:
122:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
76:
75:
72:
71:
63:
58:
57:
54:
53:
45:
44:
38:
37:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4572:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4439:
4426:
4422:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4369:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4297:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4213:
4210:
4200:on 2012-03-16
4199:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4144:
4137:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4111:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3970:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3901:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3812:The Oregonian
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3728:
3727:Rolling Stone
3724:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3639:on 2008-03-02
3638:
3634:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3610:
3596:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3577:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3541:on 2012-01-14
3540:
3536:
3529:
3526:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3471:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3440:
3429:on 1999-04-27
3428:
3424:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3400:
3397:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3366:
3355:on 2014-06-24
3351:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3305:
3302:
3291:on 2009-02-21
3290:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3246:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3183:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3119:on 2016-01-30
3118:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2961:Rolling Stone
2958:
2951:
2948:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2926:"Bicycle Day"
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2882:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2791:0-802-13062-3
2787:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2768:
2765:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2705:
2702:, p. 15.
2701:
2696:
2693:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2646:Distillations
2643:
2636:
2633:
2622:on 2010-03-11
2621:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2541:
2540:a famous poem
2535:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Psychonautics
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2435:Rolling Stone
2430:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2377:
2374:
2366:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2332:This section
2330:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2297:lysergic acid
2293:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2110:Rolling Stone
2106:
2102:
2098:
2087:
2084:
2076:
2073:February 2011
2066:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2050:This section
2048:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:Grateful Dead
1953:
1949:
1948:consciousness
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1933:Timothy Leary
1930:
1926:
1925:Aldous Huxley
1922:
1918:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1725:customized a
1724:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:Grateful Dead
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1593:Beta Theta Pi
1590:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1576:. A champion
1575:
1571:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1558:Nicholas Sand
1555:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:Grateful Dead
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:San Francisco
1495:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1469:Richard Nixon
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:Timothy Leary
1340:
1334:Timothy Leary
1333:
1331:
1329:
1328:Timothy Leary
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:Willis Harman
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:William Blake
1217:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:Aldous Huxley
1164:Aldous Huxley
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1063:Timothy Leary
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1014:Oscar Janiger
1011:
1007:
1006:Aldous Huxley
1003:
998:
993:
991:
990:
983:
981:
976:
972:
964:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
937:
933:
927:
923:
921:
910:
906:
896:19 April 2025
895:
891:
888:
885:
881:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
841:
836:
828:
825:
823:
822:kaleidoscopic
817:
815:
811:
810:lysergic acid
807:
803:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
781:
777:
773:
766:
764:
763:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
704:
702:
701:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
663:Psychonautics
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
628:Drug checking
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
604:
603:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
541:
540:
533:
530:
528:
527:Timothy Leary
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
438:
437:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
419:
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
404:
402:
398:
395:
393:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
333:
328:
327:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
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293:
288:
287:
280:
279:
275:
274:
271:
270:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
253:
252:
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244:
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240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
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210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
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187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
74:
73:
70:
69:
65:
64:
61:
56:
55:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
35:
31:
30:
25:
24:blotter paper
20:
16:
4533:
4511:
4486:. Retrieved
4475:
4466:
4455:. Retrieved
4452:The Guardian
4451:
4441:
4429:. Retrieved
4414:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4360:. Retrieved
4330:(1): 37–57.
4327:
4323:
4313:
4303:
4296:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4253:the original
4237:
4218:
4212:
4202:, retrieved
4198:the original
4192:
4186:
4167:
4161:
4142:
4136:
4128:the original
4123:
4113:
4102:. Retrieved
4091:
4082:
4071:. Retrieved
4067:the original
4057:
4038:
4032:
4015:
4011:
3991:. Retrieved
3982:
3972:
3960:. Retrieved
3946:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3891:. Retrieved
3877:
3865:. Retrieved
3856:
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3829:. ABC News.
3820:
3811:
3785:
3770:
3759:. Retrieved
3747:Selvin, Joel
3741:
3730:. Retrieved
3726:
3716:
3708:
3702:. Retrieved
3682:
3674:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3647:
3641:. Retrieved
3637:the original
3622:
3612:
3602:, retrieved
3586:
3579:
3568:. Retrieved
3564:the original
3554:
3543:. Retrieved
3539:the original
3528:
3517:. Retrieved
3513:the original
3503:
3492:. Retrieved
3483:
3473:
3461:. Retrieved
3457:the original
3452:
3442:
3431:. Retrieved
3427:the original
3416:
3406:
3399:
3387:. Retrieved
3378:
3368:
3357:. Retrieved
3350:the original
3337:
3327:February 16,
3325:. Retrieved
3316:
3304:
3293:. Retrieved
3289:the original
3284:
3275:
3264:. Retrieved
3256:The Guardian
3255:
3245:
3236:
3230:
3221:
3215:
3206:
3200:
3181:
3175:
3142:
3139:BioSocieties
3138:
3132:
3121:. Retrieved
3117:the original
3112:
3103:
3062:
3058:
3022:
3016:
2997:
2986:. Retrieved
2969:
2960:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2929:
2903:. Retrieved
2894:
2884:
2873:. Retrieved
2864:
2855:
2844:. Retrieved
2835:
2825:
2814:. Retrieved
2810:the original
2800:
2775:
2767:
2755:. Retrieved
2743:
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2717:
2707:
2700:Hofmann 1980
2695:
2684:. Retrieved
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2652:(4): 36–39.
2649:
2645:
2642:"High Times"
2635:
2624:. Retrieved
2620:the original
2596:. Retrieved
2582:
2534:
2517:
2459:
2453:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2384:
2369:
2360:
2345:Please help
2333:
2315:Modern times
2294:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2266:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2226:
2209:
2206:Ginger Baker
2179:
2177:
2171:
2140:
2134:
2108:
2094:
2079:
2070:
2059:Please help
2054:verification
2051:
2024:
2023:in 1967 and
2019:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1986:
1976:
1960:Jimi Hendrix
1937:
1920:
1914:
1901:
1860:World War II
1848:
1836:mind control
1824:
1785:
1781:Soviet Union
1770:
1766:
1748:
1738:Sidney Cohen
1736:
1733:Sidney Cohen
1720:
1707:
1697:
1687:
1672:black lights
1649:
1615:
1608:
1586:
1567:
1551:
1541:
1490:
1442:
1436:
1423:Bardo Thodol
1421:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1390:
1388:
1371:
1345:
1314:
1303:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1247:Abram Hoffer
1244:
1233:
1213:
1211:
1200:
1189:
1179:
1175:Crome Yellow
1173:
1167:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1128:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1069:
1060:
1052:
1042:in 1952, at
1033:
1018:
1010:Betty Eisner
1002:Sidney Cohen
994:
988:
984:
977:
974:
941:
935:
932:psychoactive
929:
925:
916:
856:Celebrations
819:
801:
770:
732:
506:
416:
397:Salvinorin A
276:
261:Acid Western
248:
247:
125:
66:
15:
4018:(3): 8–13.
2757:3 September
2723:3 September
2718:www.bbc.com
2478:Blotter art
2440:microdosing
2218:Mick Jagger
2165:. In 1965,
2119:Peter Fonda
2115:Ringo Starr
2101:John Lennon
1972:the Beatles
1917:Jay Stevens
1718:in the UK.
1716:The Beatles
1712:Ringo Starr
1680:psychedelic
1678:and other "
1514:Human Be-In
1399:aphrodisiac
1310:J.P. Morgan
1257:; and with
1111:LSD blotter
1084:Rick Doblin
1029:Bill Wilson
951:psychedelic
943:Bicycle Day
868:Observances
843:Bicycle Day
829:Bicycle Day
759:Bicycle Day
653:Neuroethics
314:Trip sitter
266:Stoner film
234:Stoner rock
189:Peyote song
159:Acid trance
154:Acid techno
95:Fractal art
90:Diffraction
42:Psychedelia
4544:Categories
4488:7 November
4457:2022-07-15
4362:2010-09-29
4204:2012-03-20
4104:2018-06-30
4073:2010-04-20
3993:2023-01-16
3983:Lucid News
3962:August 13,
3893:August 13,
3867:August 13,
3837:August 13,
3761:2008-02-01
3732:2014-06-27
3704:2014-06-27
3643:2007-03-11
3604:2015-02-03
3570:2010-04-20
3545:2010-04-20
3519:2010-04-20
3494:2016-12-18
3463:14 October
3433:2010-04-20
3359:2014-07-17
3295:2007-10-01
3266:2020-12-27
3123:2010-05-04
3031:B09SBMSDQ5
2988:2015-04-17
2905:2022-04-19
2875:2022-04-19
2846:2022-04-19
2816:2009-11-16
2686:2010-04-20
2626:2009-11-16
2598:2011-12-05
2550:References
2427:alcoholism
2401:scene and
2399:acid house
2245:Mike Dirnt
2147:Pink Floyd
1964:Pink Floyd
1940:subculture
1875:See also:
1852:truth drug
1831:Korean War
1798:See also:
1664:Acid Tests
1646:guinea pig
1622:Menlo Park
1554:Tim Scully
1534:Steely Dan
1477:propaganda
1351:psychology
1324:psilocybin
1240:psilocybin
1148:flashbacks
1132:Schedule I
1115:See also:
1056:Cary Grant
969:See also:
900:2025-04-19
693:Surrealism
487:Acid Tests
442:Experience
389:Psilocybin
309:Smart shop
229:Space rock
174:Madchester
139:Acid house
85:Cyberdelic
4431:29 August
3667:sciences.
3389:29 August
3167:143699288
3159:1745-8552
3079:0021-1753
2423:2C family
2334:does not
2249:Green Day
2243:In 1992,
2234:Phil Lesh
2163:acid rock
2029:in 1968.
2026:Psych-Out
1983:Tom Wolfe
1979:Ken Kesey
1944:religious
1825:The U.S.
1694:Tom Wolfe
1584:in 1953.
1564:Ken Kesey
1506:Ken Kesey
1379:bad trips
1359:mushrooms
1304:In 1957,
1281:In 1955,
1196:mescaline
1186:dystopian
1181:Antic Hay
1138:claimed:
908:Frequency
814:analeptic
767:Discovery
739:entheogen
613:Addiction
459:Ego death
392:mushrooms
379:Mescaline
349:Ayahuasca
339:25I-NBOMe
304:Entheogen
164:Chillwave
149:Acid rock
144:Acid jazz
115:Phosphene
4482:Archived
4425:Archived
4406:10677273
4398:22406913
4356:Archived
4352:41205793
4344:20518152
4098:Archived
3987:Archived
3956:Archived
3938:25764062
3887:Archived
3861:Archived
3831:Archived
3790:Archived
3755:Archived
3595:archived
3488:Archived
3383:Archived
3321:Archived
3260:Archived
3095:25764062
2982:Archived
2940:26 April
2934:Archived
2899:Archived
2869:Archived
2840:Archived
2680:Archived
2660:22 March
2654:Archived
2592:Archived
2572:Archived
2472:See also
2363:May 2009
2253:Longview
2216:members
2204:drummer
2136:Revolver
2099:members
2020:The Trip
1578:wrestler
1508:and his
1504:held by
1432:paganism
1383:mystical
1375:catalyst
1361:used in
1271:MK-ULTRA
1184:and his
887:April 19
789:and the
618:Cannabis
590:Neurolaw
449:Bad trip
369:Ketamine
364:Ibogaine
354:Cannabis
239:Trip hop
34:a series
32:Part of
4288:3218752
3930:9154737
3087:9154737
2498:LSD art
2355:removed
2340:sources
2194:the Who
2190:Donovan
2129:" and "
2097:Beatles
1840:torture
1676:strobes
1634:cocaine
1620:at the
1463:of the
1404:Playboy
1261:at the
1034:In the
920:bicycle
898: (
851:Secular
749:in the
481:History
469:Therapy
454:Ecology
292:Culture
110:Paisley
105:LSD art
4519:
4404:
4396:
4350:
4342:
4286:
4245:
4174:
4149:
4045:
3936:
3928:
3695:
3629:
3188:
3165:
3157:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3029:
3009:
2836:Forbes
2788:
2466:Oregon
2269:hippie
2153:, and
1883:, and
1706:, and
1640:, and
1547:'s
1528:, and
1367:Mexico
1188:novel
1123:, and
1065:below)
911:Annual
802:Scilla
791:fungus
787:squill
776:Sandoz
751:Sandoz
638:Hippie
401:Salvia
384:Peyote
194:P-Funk
4402:S2CID
4348:S2CID
3934:S2CID
3598:(PDF)
3591:(PDF)
3353:(PDF)
3346:(PDF)
3163:S2CID
3091:S2CID
2865:CULTR
2526:Notes
2273:1967–
2202:Cream
2161:" or
1395:below
1061:(see
863:(LSD)
794:ergot
780:Basel
332:Drugs
4517:ISBN
4490:2020
4477:CNBC
4433:2017
4394:PMID
4340:PMID
4284:PMID
4243:ISBN
4172:ISBN
4147:ISBN
4093:IMDb
4043:ISBN
3964:2019
3926:PMID
3895:2019
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