History of Maui - Knowledge (XXG)

1050:, until his death in 1893. Father Damien saw the difficulty of those afflicted by leprosy and was called to help them even though he was aware of the diseases communicability. He traveled regularly back to other island to report his work at Kalaupapa to the Catholic Diocese of Hawaii and miraculously did not catch leprosy for decades. Eventually, however, the signs of leprosy were spotted by the Diocese during one of his reports and he returned to Kalaupapa permanently. He provided the colony with support of all kinds until his death of leprosy a year later. His kindness and love will be remembered by the people of Hawaii for all time. His acts have recently been recognized by the Catholic Church and he has become canonized Saint Damien. The courage and service of his life and work among those suffering from Hansen's disease have inspired Hawaiians and others for generations. 238:. Scholars disagree as to the origin of Menehune stories. One theory is that the stories were borrowed from European brownie and pixie stories told by sailors or settlers. Another theory is that the Menehune actually were the descendants of Hawaii's earliest settlers from the Marquesas who were pushed into the forest by Tahitian newcomers. The Tahitian word 'manahune' refers to low-class workers who did the most menial tasks which, the theory goes, the second-class original settlers were forced to perform. In time the Menehune became legendary and were given magical powers to help the helpless and to punish evil actions. A third possible explanation is that the Menehune were later, non-Tahitian immigrants who were not permitted to live with or intermarry with descendants of Tahitians. 853:"Until recently the chiefs have been regarded as something more than mortal. So when the chiefs are motivated by the Holy Ghost to embrace Christianity, their advice to join it has the force of law. So if told to attend or study, they did so." Pastors reported attendance at Wailuku on Sundays of 3,000 by 1832. By 1870 Hawaiian churches had been established in 13 locations throughout Maui and all of them with Hawaiian pastors trained at the Lahainaluna Seminary. The missionaries taught Hawaiians and began writing the islands' history, which until then existed only as oral accounts. 185: 1253:. MA built its own sugar mill at Paia in 1906. The next decades brought explosive growth in the sugar industry. The key to cane's growth was water. Sugar companies purchased water rights. Maui Agricultural Company built the Waihee Ditch in cooperation with Wailuku Sugar. The new Wailoa Ditch brought additional east Maui water to the plantations. Companies also began to drill deep water wells. MA also began pineapple plantation farming as an experiment and it eventually became 391: 725:

about society, religion and government. The kapu system, human sacrifice and caste system in the islands appalled European visitors who condemned the entire culture. The rulers of Maui were influenced by visitors and the religious and social system was further weakened. Ultimately, the aliʻi themselves ended the kapu and traditional religion. They could not foresee that by doing so they had weakened the foundations of their own power.

819:, an emancipated slave, came with the Stewarts and began to teach ordinary Hawaiians. Her efforts resulted in the first classes for commoners on Maui and by the time she left in 1825 with the Stewarts, she had taught 8,000 Hawaiians. The missionaries set up a printing shop and began printing bibles and educational materials which supplied schools throughout the islands. The first stone church was built in 1828 at Lahaina called 362: 403:) which ran from the top of the mountain to the ocean in a roughly triangular shape ruled by subchiefs. Boundaries were natural features such as streams, rock outcrops, or forest. Each community unit was subdivided into extended family units (Hawaiian: ʻili) that also ran from the mountains to the ocean, so each family had access to mountain forests, uplands, coast plains for farming, and ocean. 24: 126: 502:, shipwrecked on the islands sometime between 1521 and 1530. Versions of this story are found on Hawaiʻi, Kauaʻi, and Maui. In the Maui version several white men and a woman were shipwrecked during the reign of King Kakaalaneo at Kiwi near Waihee. The captain's Hawaiian name was Kukanaloa. The men married, had families, and became ancestors of some of the chiefs. 811:(ABCFM) opened a mission at Lāhainā at the invitation of Queen Kaʻahumanu. Richards was permitted to build a stone house on the present site of Campbell Park in downtown Lahaina. He gradually left missionary service and became a legal advisor, diplomatic envoy and Hawaiian Minister of Education. He drew up Hawaii's first 1328:

runway at Maalaea had become inadequate for the larger planes which were introduced by Inter-Island Airlines. In 1938 the Maalaea airport was condemned by the Federal Bureau of Air Commerce for its close proximity to the mountains of west Maui. Maui's only airport continued operations, but only for small aircraft.

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the islands. These immigrants forever altered the food, language, customs, and population of Maui. The imposition of the plantation system effectively disenfranchised the remaining native population of Maui. Foreign corporations and local bosses became the power behind the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

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Many ancient structures on Maui are named in story but no longer survive. There was a fort at Ka'uiki Head at Hana which was the scene of several battles between chiefdoms on Maui or invasions from Hawaii. The last battle occurred when King Kahekili fought off a Hawaiian raid in the 1780s. On a small

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on a fishing trip with his magical fishing hook, but failed to pull them all together when his brothers quit paddling the canoe in which they were voyaging, so the islands were left spread apart from each other. Māui was later persuaded by his grandmother to slow the sun down, so she could grow more

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in the Hawaiian Islands against four Maui sugarcane plantations in 1937. The union demanded higher wages and dismissal of five foremen. Manuel Fagel and nine other strike leaders were arrested and charged with kidnapping a worker. Fagel spent four months in jail while the strike continued. After 85

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purchased land in west Maui at Honolua and Honokohau adding to property they already owned at Haiʻku in east Maui. They planted pineapple as an experimental crop in 1890. Pineapples did very well as a plantation crop and additional acreages were planted resulting in the founding of Haiʻku Fruit and

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fired its cannon after an altercation with missionaries about women visiting ships. Reconstructed remains of the fort can still be seen. The missionaries both altered and preserved the native culture. The new religious teachings and strict Victorian ideas altered many aspects of Maui's culture while

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The introduction of outsiders began the erosion of the class, kapu and religious systems. Even before Christian missionaries arrived in force, the system was weakened by decades of civil war among the island chiefs, foreign residents who did not fit into the system, and the introduction of new ideas

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were responsible. Metcalfe moved his ship to Olowalu only to discover the village under a kapu for three days while the local chief celebrated a family occasion. As soon as the three days were over canoes from Olowalu flocked toward Metcalfe's ship to trade. Metcalfe, feigning peaceful intentions,

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research has been undertaken at Kahikinui on Maui's southeast coast. Several heiau have been located, as well as villages, and fields. Heiau in the Wailuku area include: Keahuku, Olokua, Olopia, Malena, Pohakuokahi, Lelemako, Kawelowelo, Kaulupala, Palamnaihiki, and Oloolokalani. There were at least

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to the port at Kahului caused Thomas Hobron to build Maui's first narrow gauge railroad. Operation commenced in July 1879 between the tiny landing at Kahului and Wailuku; it was formally named the Kahului Railroad in 1881. K.R.R. added passenger service and was extended to Pāʻia in 1884 where a new

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Conditions on the plantations were terrible and the system ensured that workers always owed more than they had earned at the end of the season. Workers were more like indentured servants than contract laborers. About half the contract laborers returned to their homelands; the rest stayed to live on

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in 1790. Poloahilani, a foster-sister of the princess, was sent to be sacrificed in the princess' place; the last time the heiau was used for that purpose. (Pihana was ordered destroyed in 1819 as part of a campaign against the old religion upon the death of Kamehameha I.) Near Pihana was a warrior

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with additional vowel combinations. The first literature in Hawaiian was printed in 1822. By 1826 the final version had evolved by simplifying interchangeable letters b/p, k/t, l/r, v/w and eliminating several letter used only in writing foreign words. Hawaiians learned to read rapidly in their own

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married the daughter of Hoʻolae, the 6th Aliʻi Nui of Hana. From that time until conquest Maui was ruled by a single joint royal family (Hawaiian: aliʻi). Piʻilani and his successors were known for the peace and prosperity that followed. They constructed a highway that circled the island along its

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which set them apart from commoners and maintained their status in a society with few material possessions. Flexible kapu could be altered by the local chief. For example, certain kinds of fish could not be caught at certain times of the year. Temporary kapus were invoked for a period of days. For

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Each district had a sanctuary (Hawaiian: puʻuhonua) to escape vengeance or penalty. Maui's sanctuary was located at Kukuipuka on Maui's west side near Waiheʻe. After fleeing there, making restitution and waiting a period of time, the offender could return home. During warfare, women, children, and

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Father Aubert of the Congregation of Mary and Jesus arrived in Lahaina in 1846 to establish the first Catholic parish on Maui. He and his early congregants faced opposition from the Protestant missionaries, but the welcoming attitude of Hawaiians soon replaced initial hostility. Father Aubert's

927:. With his death the Kingdom of Maui ended. In 1798 Kamehameha began a brick palace in European fashion as his capitol, but Queen Kaʻahumnu refused to live in it when it was completed in 1802. Successive rulers lived there until the 1840s when the king and his advisors began to spend more time in 1327:

Maui's first airport was built at Maʻalaea in 1927 on land the legislature purchased from HC&S. Regular air service began in November 1929 for amphibious planes. Dirt runways were completed with convict labor in 1930, but were useless in wet weather. By 1936 the location and condition of the

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Since there weren't enough native workers to cultivated the acreage, planters began importing Asian contract workers. The plan was for workers to stay for a period of time and then return home. The first workers came from China, arriving in 1852. To counter the tightly organized Chinese workers,

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In the early 1830s a second wave of missionaries arrived and established churches in other parts of Maui. A congregation was established at Wailuku sometime before 1831 by Pastors Jonathan Green and Reuben Tinker. The minutes of the ABCFM gives an insight into the swift conversion of Hawaiians:

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Hawaiians developed a complex and effective land tenure system. The island of Maui was divided into twelve districts (Hawaiian: moku). with Lanaʻi, Molokaʻi, Kahoʻolawe constituted their own districts or were subdivided into many other districts. Each district was ruled from earliest times by a

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Missionaries believed they were "civilizing" Hawaiians. They tried to help Hawaiians become literate in their own language and English, and decrease drunkenness, sexual promiscuity, infanticide (exposing disabled children), gambling, theft, and murder. They attempted to replace Hawaiians' own

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In 1948 Maui Agricultural Company and HC&S merged under the name HC&S forming the largest sugar production company in the islands. HC&S began to make significant changes to its operations including the replacing of the narrow-gauge railway it had owned since 1899 with trucks.

1079:. Descendants of the old missionary families went into various businesses and used their close connections to Hawaiian royalty to arrange special concessions, including land ownership. Early planters tried to make a profit with small holdings; larger companies consolidated plantations. 293:

from about 1200. The structures were, according to legend, built by the Menehune in a single night from stones on Paukukalo Beach. More likely they began as small structures and were expanded as the prestige of the Wailuku grew. The last additions were thought to have been made by King

1012:(Hansen's Disease) cases. Citizens became alarmed at what they thought might be an epidemic. A doctor in Hana told the Board of Health that in Canada and the patients were isolated from the general population, provided with food and clothing until they recovered or died. In 1864 Dr. 834:

The early missionaries came into direct conflict with whalers when they attempted to keep sailors out of the bawdy houses and to stop Hawaiian women from visiting the ships. In 1825 a crew attempted to demolish Richards' house for his efforts to keep Hawaiians and Americans apart. A

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trees, that were valuable in China for incense. King Kamehameha tightly controlled contact with foreigners and centralized the sandalwood trade under his personal oversight in 1805. The resource was limited, however, and by the 1830s sandalwood became so scarce that logging stopped.

1185:. Honolulu was increasingly the hub of business and transport in the islands and it had a fine harbor, which Lahaina lacked. Once sailors in Honolulu began to be prosecuted for drunken or disorderly behavior, the whaling fleet and moored off Lahaina at times 100 ships at a time. 1016:

suggested a place such as a box canyon be found where lepers could be quarantined. A hospital at Kalihi on Oahu was used as a gathering place where those infected presented themselves for inspection. Those with leprosy were quarantined. Kalihi was only a temporary solution.

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Spanish ships sailed between Asia and Mexico or South America regularly. Analysis of documents purporting to record a 'discovery' of Hawaii by Manuel Gaetan in 1555 show that whatever islands he noted in his log were too far east to have been any of Hawaii's main islands.

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After Japan's attack on December 7, 1941, all airfields in the islands were militarized. The military determined that the airport at Puʻunene was unsatisfactory and condemned land to build a new Naval Air Station in 1942. Puʻunene was also expanded as the war continued.

1032:" was ready. Once the colony was established, those determined to have leprosy were forced to move there. Kalihi initially sent 104 people to the island. This was complicated because ships could not get close to the beach. Patients were initially shuttled to shore by 967:

and sexually transmitted diseases decimated the population. Estimates range from 30% to 50% of the population died within a generation. The effect was catastrophic on the culture of Maui. The Hawaiian social system fell apart and outsiders filled the power vacuum.

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There were three main kapu (rule) types: fixed kapu, flexible kapu, and temporary kapu. Examples of fixed kapu were the complete separation of men and women at meals and that menstruating women had to live outside the household. Other fixed kapu related to the

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ships plied the Pacific along the coast of Peru and Japan as early as 1818. Hawaii sat directly between the two. Lahaina and Honolulu became the main Pacific ports for the north Pacific whaling fleet. Since Lahaina had no real harbor, ships anchored in the

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Until the 15th century Maui comprised three chiefdoms: Wailuku, Lele (Lahaina), and Hana. Eventually all of West Maui was consolidated at Wailuku, with Hana remaining an independent chieftaincy. West Maui and East Maui permanently merged about 1550 when King

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example, following a funeral, no one could fish for a period of time. The effect was to maintain order in the community. Kapu also conserved the environment by protecting plants and wildlife from overuse. The result of the kapu system was to preserve the

1036:, which was dangerous and terrifying to infectees who had already suffered separation by force from friends and families. Eventually, they were forced over the side at gunpoint to swim through the surf. Patients were marched across the peninsula to 381:

has little 'footprints' across a lava flow said to be the prints of Menehune. The Kula area has several sites on private land. There are some at Nuʻu as well. Vandalism to these sites has led to their closure or limited access to permit holders.

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WPA funds paid for a survey for a new airport in 1936 at Puʻunene, but lack of funds prevented its construction until 1938 when it opened with one paved runway and others unpaved. A small US Navy facility opened at the airport for military use.

1062:, was established. Most Hawaiians lost their hereditary land rights. Sugar interests bought land and changed the economy of the island completely. Many native Hawaiians went to work in the cane fields instead of their own family small holdings. 760:. She challenged many of the conventions of Hawaiian society, ending the kapu system. Heiau were destroyed, images burned or broken, and priests chased away. This threw the religious life of Hawaiians into confusion. Within two years the first 690:, inns, and shops. Hawaiians paddled out to the ships to trade fresh fruit and produce for trinket trade goods such a beads, mirrors, metal implements, and cloth. At its height in the 1850s more than 400 whaling ships a year visited Lahaina. 1173:. The ranch at Honolua had tried a variety of crops and added pineapple at the suggestion of ranch manager David T. Fleming. The operations were so successful that by 1933 over 22,000 acres (89 km) of pineapple were under production. 637: 1392:

Maui's first resort hotel, Hotel Hana, opened in 1946. In 1961 Maui's first planned resort community opened at Kāʻanapali on what had been part of the old pineapple plantation belonging to the Maui Pineapple Company on Maui's west coast.

354:.) In several parts of the island small shrines were set up, usually a single or cluster of standing stones where fishermen could pray and give offerings. Rarely walled canoe 'sheds' are still preserved. The Ke'anae Peninsula's 1245:

and Lahaina. A short line narrow-gauge railroad, the Lahaina Kāʻanapali and Pacific Railroad (L.K.&P. R.R. brought cane to the Pioneer sugar mill at Lahaina. The railroad closed in the 1950s when trucks were introduced.

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In 1876 A&B Sugar Company decided to bring water from the north side of Maui to the arid south central plain. They had a lease from the government of Hawaii on the condition that the ditch be built within two years. The

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was an early success. The Alexander and Baldwin plantation at Pāʻia stretched as far west as the ancient landing site where Kamehameha's war fleet landed in 1790. The plantation needed a port facility so a dock was built.

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The first Christian missionary arrived on Maui from New England in 1821 when a Dr. Holman built a house in Lahaina and taught with some success, later moving to Honolulu. The missionaries developed a written version of the

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The first trading encounters with Europeans were independent businessmen on ships trading goods with China. Hawaiians had little with which to purchase goods except for foods and livestock, until the traders found Hawaiian

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owner of the Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company (HC&S). Spreckels received a second lease to any water not captured by A&B. A third competitor, Maui Agricultural Company (MA) expanded alongside the others. A

815:. Stewart remained in the islands for two and a half years, but when his wife became ill, he returned to New England. He kept a journal of his experiences which has become an important source for the time period. 558:

loose and ran it ashore. The next morning when the incident was discovered, Captain Metcalfe fired his cannon into the closest village and kidnapped several Hawaiians who told him that people from the village of

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Maui County was established by the territorial legislature in 1905, including the islands of Maui, Lanai, Molokini (uninhabited), Kahoʻolawe (uninhabited), and part of Molokaʻi, with the county seat at Wailuku.

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from 700 AD. The Tahitian arrivals introduced the core pieces of Hawaiian traditional culture: language, economic activities, the hereditary class system, land tenure, religion, and customs such as the strict

1257:. In west Maui the Honolua Ditch was reconstructed to the Pioneer sugar mill in Lahaina, supervised by David T. Fleming. In 1913 K.R.R. built a railroad as far as Haʻikū and Paʻuwela over an enormous 613:, who had been insulted and flogged by Simon Metcalfe earlier that year. Kameʻeiamoku had vowed to exact revenge on whatever ship next came his way, and by chance that ship turned out to be the 481:

in 1810. By developing alliances with the major Pacific colonial powers, Kamehameha preserved Hawaii's independence under his rule. Kamehameha is remembered for many reasons and one is the

908:. The name of the battle denotes the "damming of the stream" by the bodies of the warriors killed. Kalanikupule and his chiefs escaped by climbing the pali and escaping to Oahu. 808: 518:

became the first European explorer to see Maui. Cook never set foot on the island because he was unable to find a suitable landing. The first European to visit Maui was the

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set about to wrest control of the islands from Kahekili. With about 1,200 warriors and cannons and guns taken from Metcalf, Kamehameha invaded. He defeated Prince

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as a staging center, training base, and for rest and relaxation. At 1943-44 peak, the number of troops stationed on Maui exceeded 100,000. The main base of the

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sites that have been variously interpreted as ancestral voyages, historic events, and religious stories. One of the best remaining sites is in the cliffs above

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perhaps as early as 1300. The kapu system was rooted in the class system and religious practice. People were born into one of four ranks. At the top were the

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When the people of Maui came into contact with diseases for which they had no immunity and no effective treatment, they began to die in vast numbers.

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Christianity. They also introduced American notions about customs involving clothing, food, language, entertainment, education, hygiene and economy.

629:, was also captured to prevent Metcalfe from hearing about his son's murder. The two Americans, Young and Davis, commanded the cannons at the bloody 320:, built on an older temple site from about 1294. It is about 40 feet (12 m) high and 300 feet (91 m) long. Other heiau were constructed at 1102:

thousands of Japanese laborers came to Maui starting in 1868. Koreans followed in 1903, and Filipinos in 1909. Between 1878 and 1911, nearly 16,000

477:(Hawaiian pronunciation: ; ca. 1758 – May 8, 1819), also known as Kamehameha the Great, conquered the Hawaiian Islands and formally established the 1156:

mill was to be built. Hobron was named postmaster and obtained the government contract for carrying mail to the plantations and towns it serviced.

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The Maui police held an inquest over the bodies, which were all buried in one grave Monday in the cemetery of the Catholic Church at Kuau.

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where human sacrifice was carried out. According to accounts written by outsiders, victims were most often kapu breakers or war captives.

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was in Haiku. Beaches (e.g., in Kīhei) were used for practice landings and training in marine demolition and sabotage. MA converted its

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fired at point-blank range, which blasted the vessels to pieces. About one hundred Hawaiians were killed and several hundred wounded.

1047: 437:, those of priestly rank who conducted religious ritual ceremonies, served as spiritual advisers, and healers. The third rank were 169: 107: 462:

or sacredness of the totality of the environment which would bring about peace, harmony and stability. Kapu breakers disrupted the

136: 1103: 41: 1378:'s settled on the islands. Those who did not settle returned as tourists, which became the foundation of Maui's modern economy. 682:. By 1824 more than 100 ships visited Lahaina a year. As Hawaii's capital, it quickly drew enterprising immigrants who opened 231:

and lassoed the sun's ray legs and broke them off one by one, threatening to kill him if he didn't slow down. The sun obliged.

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coast; remnants of which still exist. They also built the island's and Hawaii's largest temple enclosure. Today it is called

45: 60: 1339:. In 1952 Congress turned Puʻunene airport over to the Territory and transferred all civilian air functions to Kahului. 1277:

In 1916 Prince Jonah Kuhio, Hawaii's territorial delegate in the U.S. Congress, achieved passage of an act establishing

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system that affected all aspects of life. Hawaiian oral tradition lists an unbroken chain of twenty-five rulers (the

151: 827:, the first royalty converted to Christianity, and Queen Kaʻahumanu. In 1831 the Lahainaluna Mission School, later 482: 147: 34: 1466: 836: 797: 209: 74: 1335:

After the end of World War II the military decommissioned the naval air station at Kahului, so it could support

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across the Māliko Gulch, which was the highest trestle ever constructed in the islands at 230 feet (70 m).

441:, the commoners who worked the farms, built canoes, gathered wood, fished and performed labor. The fourth rank, 1533: 1449: 584: 1491: 748:, killed up to 95% of the residents, destroying the social and cultural fabric of traditional Hawaiian life. 693:

Whaling ships tended to stay several weeks rather than days which explains complaints about the drinking and

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or outcasts, were outside the system and lived outside the community much like 'untouchables' in traditional

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Hawaiians also began to plant many types of crops which were introduced to the islands: coffee, potatoes,

554:. During the night, a Hawaiian named Kaopuiki and several accomplices killed a guard and cut the ships's 1165: 812: 597:, a small schooner owned by his father. His voyage to the Hawaiian Islands had been delayed because the 485:, the "Law of the Splintered Paddle", which protects human rights of non-combatants in times of battle. 716:

from which rum could be distilled, pineapples and rice. Sailors were introduced to the art of tattoos.

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By 1848 land rights had become so hopelessly confused that a land redistribution scheme, known as the

823:. The churchyard there contains the remains of many early foreigners and Hawaiians, among them, Queen 583:, began what seemed to be friendly intercourse with the natives. Around the same time Metcalfe's son, 920: 912: 828: 729: 618: 588: 985: 911:

Kamehameha gained ultimate control of Maui in 1794 when he defeated King Kalanikupule's army at the

788:, a glottal stop, which precedes some vowels in many Hawaiian words. The result was a twelve letter 1502: 1336: 1207: 630: 626: 184: 1196: 1013: 539: 399:

family and later by a chief's family. Each moku was divided into many community units (Hawaiian:

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employed Latin letters that approximated Hawaiian sounds in English. The only exception was the

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sometime before 450 AD., then others from the Marquesas about 450 AD., and lastly settlers from

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appeared, just as Hawaiians lost confidence in their traditional religion and social system.

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at Hamakuapoko (near Paia) was built in 1879 to process Maui's increasing amounts of cane.

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settled the island of Maui in at least three gradual waves; the earliest possibly from the

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When Kamehameha I died in 1819, Queen Kaʻahumanu declared herself a co-ruler with his son

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was erected by King Umi of Hana to frighten off would-be invaders. The Hauola Stone in

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Let the Sea Make a Noise...: A History of the North Pacific from Magellan to MacArthur

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days on strike, the workers won a 15% increase in wages, but no contract was signed.

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By the 1840s sugarcane production had gained a foothold via what became known as the

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in the town at that time. Whaling declined steeply at the end of the 19th century as

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with a relatively central location has given it a pivotal role in the history of the

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Kuau was a seaport one mile northeast of Paia. Kuau Bay and Kuau Cove lie offshore.

884:, Princess Kaukoʻoluaole was ordered to be sacrificed at Pihana after the defeat of 1356: 1300: 1086: 1059: 1029: 952: 897: 893: 885: 881: 805: 694: 602: 474: 361: 215: 831:

was established, publishing Hawaiian language bibles, and educational materials.

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first meeting places were open air and under thatched roofs. An adobe church,

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The schooner Canute, Captain H. S. Swinton, will leave to-day for Kuau, Maui.

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their literacy efforts preserved native history and language for posterity.

713: 706: 573: 377:. Nearby Maʻalea had an extensive panel which was destroyed by a developer. 341:

Harbor was believed to have healing qualities; it is still there. Extensive

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which carried the disease. The port was quickly rebuilt and a rubble stone

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In 1860 and 1861 church leaders on Maui noticed a significant increase in

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According to legends, the hero Māui lived at Kaʻuiki, across the bay from

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where they found huts and tiny cottages purchased for them in near ruin.

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may have occurred from two vents on the south flank at Keoneʻoʻio above

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system. According to legend the system was brought to the islands from

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Harbor and Wailuku. There is a partially collapsed heiau at Keoneʻoʻio (

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Packing Company in 1903. Henry Baldwin did so well that he formed the

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waved the canoes around to his ship's landward side and then ordered

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and expanded in 1969. The entire mountain was declared a federal

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where lepers would have no outside contact. By December 1865 the "

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HC&S built one of the world's largest sugar mills in 1901 at

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stopped Kahului's development as Maui's main port in 1900. The

877:. It caused the abandonment of several villages at Keoneʻoʻio. 1241:

Sugar cane was grown on Maui's west coast in the area between

1226: 119: 17: 617:. Thomas Metcalfe and the entire crew were killed except for 1151:

In 1878 the need for improved transportation from sugarcane

227:. Māui agreed to help, so he stood on the summit of Mount 1181:

In 1845 Kamehameha III moved his capital from Lahaina to

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field system is a prehistoric field system still in use.

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funds and workers constructed the first visitor center.

1374:

plant for the duration of the war. Thousands of former

1319:

thereby protecting its unique character in perpetuity.

981:(Victorious Saint Mary) was built in downtown Lahaina. 298:. Pihana, also called Pihanakilani and Piʻihana, was a 143: 1020:

Property was purchased on the isolated north coast of

609:. The younger Metcalfe's vessel was captured by Chief 1225:

was deliberately burned to the ground to destroy the

498:

Oral tradition indicates that castaways, most likely

1492:"Cloudburst Wipes Out Whole Family of Eight Persons" 1046:

became the pastor of the leper colony, working from

809:

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

526:, who landed on the shores of what is now known as 333:island at the tip of Kaʻuiki Head a huge statue of 48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1191:ruled Maui and the other islands until the 1893 1233:was constructed to improve the harbor in 1884. 625:. Another American from Simon Metcalfe's ship, 234:Maui legends include the magical deeds of the 800:and Charles Stewart and their wives from the 8: 524:Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse 839:was built at Lahaina after a whaling ship, 994:Holy Ghost Mission Catholic Church at Kula 728:Hawaiians were exposed to the Europeans' 407:elders could go there and not be harmed. 170:Learn how and when to remove this message 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 1135:still controls water from the slopes of 1467:Hamilton Library (University of Hawaii) 1402: 579:Metcalfe then sailed to Hawaii and, at 285:Maui's oldest known temple enclosures ( 587:, arrived in the Hawaiian Islands, at 466:and jeopardized the entire community. 1206:the Hawaiian islands naming them the 1118:, and included many entire families. 394:The twelve traditional mokus of Maui. 7: 1299:conducted the last ethnically based 1104:Portuguese people immigrated to Maui 601:and its crew had been seized by the 46:adding citations to reliable sources 869:In 1750 the last eruption on Mount 1193:Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii 14: 1439:Article by Rita Goldman, May 2008 1139:. This stimulated a competitor, 415:The social system was called the 1054:Great Mahele land redistribution 188:Location within the island chain 124: 22: 720:Destruction of traditional life 678:off Maui's southwest coast for 346:three additional heiau between 33:needs additional citations for 1505:. December 31, 1915. p. 3 1416:. HarperCollins. p. 105. 1313:Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 1: 1461:. Vol. 6, no. 140. 1458:Pacific Commercial Advertiser 1410:McDougall, Walter A. (2004). 1048:St. Philomena Catholic Church 1106:. They came mostly from the 1000:population of cane workers. 1283:Civilian Conservation Corps 1133:East Maui Irrigation System 992:. In 1894 he completed the 796:In late May 1823 Reverends 647:Trade with Europe and China 218:. He caught the islands of 150:the claims made and adding 1550: 1469:. June 14, 1887. p. 3 1385: 889:training camp at Kauahea. 470:Unification of the islands 328:Heiau and other structures 245: 207: 1351:Maui was involved in the 1199:was founded. In 1898 the 546:, anchored his ship, the 534:Simon and Thomas Metcalfe 489:Early European encounters 210:Maui (Hawaiian mythology) 744:infections. A series of 585:Thomas Humphrey Metcalfe 1309:Haleakala National Park 1083:Alexander & Baldwin 1287:Work Project Authority 1255:Maui Pineapple Company 1195:. One year later, the 1171:Maui Pineapple Company 848:Spread of Christianity 762:Christian missionaries 643: 514:On November 26, 1778, 395: 366: 189: 1166:Henry Perrine Baldwin 730:communicable diseases 639: 393: 364: 187: 1279:Hawaii National Park 1044:Father Joseph Damien 996:, serving a growing 857:religion with basic 829:Lahainaluna Seminary 591:, in command of the 538:In 1790 an American 42:improve this article 1503:Chronicling America 1361:4th Marine Division 1337:commercial aviation 1311:was separated from 1208:Territory of Hawaii 1189:Queen Liliʻuokalani 631:battle of Kepaniwai 540:maritime fur trader 365:Olowalu Petroglyphs 291:Halekiʻi and Pihana 1197:Republic of Hawaii 1164:In 1889 David and 1014:William Hillebrand 768:Early missionaries 644: 516:Captain James Cook 396: 367: 324:and Waianapanapa. 190: 135:possibly contains 1423:978-0-06-057820-6 1388:Tourism in Hawaii 1097:Immigrant workers 1077:plantation system 913:battle of Nu'uanu 775:Hawaiian Language 530:on May 29, 1786. 483:Kanawai Mamalahoe 479:Kingdom of Hawaii 369:Maui has several 274:) beginning with 223:food and dry her 180: 179: 172: 137:original research 118: 117: 110: 92: 57:"History of Maui" 1541: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1499:Hawaiian Gazette 1496: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1454: 1450:"Shipping Notes" 1446: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1407: 1294:Vibora Luviminda 880:After insulting 798:William Richards 777:. Among others, 752:The new religion 433:. Next were the 242:Early settlement 198:Hawaiian Islands 175: 168: 164: 161: 155: 152:inline citations 128: 127: 120: 113: 106: 102: 99: 93: 91: 50: 26: 18: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1534:History of Maui 1524: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1508: 1506: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1472: 1470: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1435: 1431: 1424: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1390: 1384: 1353:Pacific Theater 1345: 1325: 1317:wilderness area 1271: 1239: 1216: 1179: 1162: 1141:Claus Spreckels 1128: 1099: 1073: 1068: 1056: 1006: 974: 937: 867: 850: 779:Hiram Bingham I 770: 754: 722: 668: 654: 649: 536: 512: 496: 491: 472: 413: 388: 330: 308: 250: 244: 212: 206: 176: 165: 159: 156: 141: 129: 125: 114: 103: 97: 94: 51: 49: 39: 27: 12: 11: 5: 1547: 1545: 1537: 1536: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1483: 1441: 1429: 1422: 1401: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1386:Main article: 1383: 1380: 1370:facility to a 1344: 1341: 1324: 1321: 1270: 1267: 1238: 1235: 1219:Bubonic plague 1215: 1212: 1178: 1175: 1161: 1158: 1127: 1124: 1098: 1095: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1055: 1052: 1005: 1002: 986:Father Beissel 979:Maria Lanikula 973: 970: 936: 933: 875:La Perouse Bay 866: 863: 849: 846: 817:Betsy Stockton 802:Congregational 769: 766: 753: 750: 721: 718: 709:for lighting. 667: 664: 653: 650: 648: 645: 581:Kealakekua Bay 544:Simon Metcalfe 535: 532: 528:La Perouse Bay 511: 508: 495: 492: 490: 487: 471: 468: 425:by the priest 412: 409: 387: 384: 352:La Perouse Bay 343:archaeological 329: 326: 307: 304: 248:Ancient Hawaii 246:Main article: 243: 240: 208:Main article: 205: 202: 192:The island of 178: 177: 160:September 2024 132: 130: 123: 116: 115: 30: 28: 21: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1546: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1516: 1504: 1500: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1451: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1406: 1403: 1396: 1394: 1389: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1333: 1329: 1323:Air transport 1322: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1244: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1201:United States 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1184: 1176: 1174: 1172: 1167: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085:(A&B) at 1084: 1080: 1078: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1003: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 971: 969: 966: 965:typhoid fever 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 934: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 892:Also in 1790 890: 887: 883: 878: 876: 872: 864: 862: 860: 854: 847: 845: 842: 838: 832: 830: 826: 822: 821:Waiola Church 818: 814: 810: 807: 803: 799: 794: 791: 787: 786: 780: 776: 767: 765: 763: 759: 758:Kamehameha II 751: 749: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 726: 719: 717: 715: 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676:Lahaina Roads 672: 665: 663: 660: 651: 646: 642: 638: 634: 632: 628: 624: 623:Fair American 620: 616: 615:Fair American 612: 608: 607:Nootka Crisis 604: 600: 599:Fair American 596: 595: 594:Fair American 590: 586: 582: 577: 575: 571: 567: 562: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 533: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 509: 507: 503: 501: 493: 488: 486: 484: 480: 476: 469: 467: 465: 461: 456: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 419: 410: 408: 404: 402: 392: 385: 383: 380: 376: 372: 363: 359: 357: 353: 349: 344: 340: 336: 327: 325: 323: 319: 314: 305: 303: 301: 297: 292: 288: 283: 281: 277: 273: 272: 267: 262: 258: 254: 249: 241: 239: 237: 232: 230: 226: 221: 217: 211: 203: 201: 199: 195: 186: 182: 174: 171: 163: 153: 149: 145: 139: 138: 133:This article 131: 122: 121: 112: 109: 101: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: 69: 66: 62: 59: – 58: 54: 53:Find sources: 47: 43: 37: 36: 31:This article 29: 25: 20: 19: 16: 1514: 1507:. 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Retrieved 1456: 1444: 1432: 1412: 1405: 1391: 1357:World War II 1350: 1346: 1343:World War II 1334: 1330: 1326: 1306: 1301:labor strike 1291: 1276: 1272: 1263: 1248: 1240: 1217: 1214:20th century 1187: 1180: 1163: 1150: 1129: 1120: 1100: 1092: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1060:Great Mahele 1057: 1042: 1030:Leper Colony 1019: 1007: 983: 975: 953:tuberculosis 938: 935:19th century 921:Diamond Head 910: 898:Kalanikupule 894:Kamehameha I 891: 886:Kalanikupule 882:Kamehameha I 879: 868: 865:18th century 855: 851: 840: 833: 813:constitution 806:Presbyterian 795: 782: 771: 755: 732:, including 727: 723: 711: 695:prostitution 692: 669: 655: 622: 614: 611:Kameʻeiamoku 603:Spanish Navy 598: 593: 589:Kawaihae Bay 578: 547: 537: 513: 510:Captain Cook 504: 497: 475:Kamehameha I 473: 463: 459: 454: 451: 442: 438: 434: 430: 416: 414: 411:Kapu society 405: 397: 368: 331: 318:Piʻilanihale 309: 284: 271:Moʻi of Maui 269: 251: 233: 213: 191: 181: 166: 157: 134: 104: 95: 85: 78: 71: 64: 52: 40:Please help 35:verification 32: 15: 1437:"Hale Pa'i" 1297:trade union 1237:Agriculture 1223:shanty-town 1153:plantations 1114:Islands of 1066:Agriculture 988:arrived at 972:Catholicism 841:John Palmer 703:electricity 680:shore leave 641:ʻĪao Valley 619:Isaac Davis 605:during the 386:Land tenure 253:Polynesians 1397:References 1269:Government 1243:Kāʻanapali 1231:breakwater 1177:Government 1146:sugar mill 1071:Sugar cane 1034:whaleboats 998:Portuguese 902:Iao Valley 859:Protestant 837:small fort 825:Keōpūolani 793:language. 659:sandalwood 652:Sandalwood 627:John Young 566:broadsides 371:petroglyph 278:the first 225:tapa cloth 144:improve it 68:newspapers 1160:Pineapple 1137:Haleakala 1026:Kalaupapa 949:influenza 871:Haleakala 746:epidemics 714:sugarcane 707:whale oil 705:replaced 550:south of 494:Castaways 449:society. 439:makaʻaina 335:Kawalakii 306:Chiefdoms 289:) are at 282:of Maui. 280:Ali'i Nui 257:Marquesas 229:Haleakala 148:verifying 98:July 2010 1528:Category 1463:Honolulu 1307:In 1960 1183:Honolulu 1116:Portugal 1022:Molokaʻi 984:In 1882 941:Smallpox 929:Honolulu 904:west of 790:alphabet 742:venereal 699:kerosene 688:brothels 548:Eleanora 522:admiral 401:ahupuaʻa 313:Piʻilani 296:Kahekili 276:Paumakua 236:Menehune 1382:Tourism 1259:trestle 1251:Puunene 1204:annexed 1108:Madeira 1038:Kalawao 1010:leprosy 1004:Leprosy 990:Makawao 957:cholera 945:measles 925:Waikiki 906:Wailuku 900:in the 734:enteric 684:taverns 671:Whaling 666:Whaling 561:Olowalu 552:Lahaina 500:Spanish 375:Olowalu 348:Kahului 339:Lahaina 322:Olowalu 300:luakini 142:Please 82:scholar 1509:May 8, 1473:May 8, 1420: 1372:cement 1112:Azores 961:typhus 923:above 740:, and 556:cutter 520:French 435:kahuna 423:Tahiti 287:heiaus 261:Tahiti 220:Hawaii 204:Legend 84: 77: 70: 63: 55: 1495:(PDF) 1453:(PDF) 1126:Water 1087:Pāʻia 785:okina 738:viral 455:aliʻi 447:Hindu 443:kauwa 431:aliʻi 427:Paʻao 379:Kaupo 89:JSTOR 75:books 1511:2017 1475:2017 1418:ISBN 1376:G.I. 1368:kiln 1365:lime 1292:The 1285:and 1227:rats 1110:and 917:Oahu 804:and 701:and 574:shot 572:and 570:ball 464:mana 460:mana 418:kapu 356:taro 266:kapu 216:Hana 194:Maui 61:news 1355:of 1024:at 915:on 568:of 146:by 44:by 1530:: 1513:. 1501:. 1497:. 1477:. 1465:: 1455:. 1210:. 963:, 959:, 955:, 951:, 947:, 943:, 931:. 736:, 686:, 633:. 542:, 200:. 1426:. 783:ʻ 173:) 167:( 162:) 158:( 140:. 111:) 105:( 100:) 96:( 86:· 79:· 72:· 65:· 38:.

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