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personal gain, in the amount of £25,000 each. Obote denied the charge and said the money had been spent to buy the munitions for Olenga's
Congolese troops. On 4 February 1966, while Obote was away on a trip to the north of the country, an effective "no confidence" vote against Obote was passed by the UPC Mps. This attempt to remove Obote appeared to be organized by UPC Secretary General Grace S.K. Ibingira, closely supported by the UPC leader from Bunyoro, George Magezi, and a number of other southern UPC notables. Only the radical UPC member, John Kakonge, voted against the motion.
1345:, arrested the offending UPC ministers, and assumed control of the state. He forced a new constitution through parliament without a reading and without the necessary quorum. That constitution abolished the federal powers of the kingdoms, most notably the internal autonomy enjoyed by Buganda, and concentrated presidential powers in the prime minister's office. The kabaka objected, and Buganda prepared to wage a legal battle. Baganda leaders rhetorically demanded that Obote's "illegal" government remove itself from Buganda soil.
608:
594:
1321:, led by a "General Olenga," opposed the American-backed government and were attempting to lead the Eastern Province into secession. These troops were reported to be trading looted ivory and gold for arms supplies secretly smuggled to them by Amin. The arrangement became public when Olenga later claimed that he failed to receive the promised munitions. This claim appeared to be supported by the fact that in mid-1965, a seventy-five-ton shipment of
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1309:) and asked the bank manager to exchange it for cash. Amin's account was ultimately credited with a deposit of £17,000. Obote rivals questioned the incident, and it emerged that the prime minister and a handful of close associates had used Colonel Amin and units of the Uganda Army to intervene in the neighbouring
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Later in 1964, Obote felt strong enough to address the critical issue of the "lost counties" which the
British had postponed until after independence. The combination of patronage offers and the promise of future rewards within the ruling coalition gradually thinned opposition party ranks, as members
1445:
Amin, who at times inspected his troops wearing an outsized sport shirt with Obote's face across the front and back, protested his loyalty. But in
October 1970, Amin was placed under temporary house arrest while investigators looked into his army expenditures, reportedly several million dollars over
1372:
and was driven off to exile. After the assault, Obote was reasonably secure from open opposition. The new republican 1967 constitution abolished the kingdoms altogether. Buganda was divided into four districts and ruled through martial law, a forerunner of the military domination over the civilian
1284:
This triumph for Obote and the UPC strengthened the central government and threw
Buganda into disarray. KY unity was weakened by internal recriminations, after which some KY stalwarts, too, began to "cross the floor" to join Obote's victorious government. By early 1966, the result was a parliament
1093:
population that were excluded from power as well. Ethnic divisions were just as important. Under the
British, Uganda's economic activity was mostly undertaken by a large group of Indian immigrants who operated many of the businesses and constituted the majority of the colony's merchants. Moreover,
1297:
As the perceived threat from
Buganda diminished, many non-Baganda alliances weakened. And as the possibility of an opposition DP victory faded, the UPC coalition itself began to come apart. The one-party state did not signal the end of political conflict; it merely relocated and intensified that
1332:
Obote's rivals for leadership within the UPC, supported by some
Baganda politicians and others who were hostile to Obote, used the evidence revealed by Amin's casual bank deposit to claim that the prime minister and his closest associates were corrupt and had conducted secret foreign policy for
1054:
had been organized to force self-rule or independence from a reluctant colonial government. In Uganda there had been some demands for greater autonomy, but these were mostly expressed by local nationalisms surrounding the five constituent kingdoms of the colony. One exception was the long-lived
1381:
Obote's success in the face of adversity reclaimed for him the support of most members of the UPC, which then became the only legal political party. The original independence election of 1962, therefore, was the last one held in Uganda until
December 1980. On the home front, Obote issued the
1200:'s KY. Obote proved adept at meeting the diverse demands of his many partners in government. He even temporarily acceded to some demands which he found repugnant, such as Buganda's claim for special treatment. This accession led to demands by other kingdoms for similar recognition. The
205:
1121:(KY) (meaning "king only") was a Bugandan nationalist party. In the pre-independence period the Democratic Party, surprisingly, won the most seats, but not a majority. In the elections of 1962, in preparation for Independence, the UPC and KY united and excluded the DP.
1280:
was averted, and the referendum was held. The vote demonstrated an overwhelming desire by residents in the counties annexed to
Buganda in 1900 to be restored to their historic Bunyoro allegiance, which was duly enacted by the new UPC majority despite KY opposition.
1441:
and Langi troops, and he accelerated their promotions to counter the large numbers of soldiers from Amin's home, which was then known as West Nile
District. Obote also enlarged the paramilitary Special Force as a counterweight to the army.
1137:
The Uganda People's Congress had several obstacles to forming a government. The party leadership was fragmented. Each party functionary represented a local constituency, and most of the constituencies were ethnically distinct. For example,
1263:
to join the government benches. After two years of independence, Obote finally acquired enough votes to give the UPC a majority and free himself of the KY coalition. The turning point came when several DP members of parliament from
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1433:, was murdered early in 1970. (Amin later promoted the man rumored to have recruited Okoya's killers.) A second attempt was made on Obote's life when his motorcade was ambushed later that year, but the vice-president's
1336:
Because he was faced with a nearly unanimous disavowal by his governing party and national parliament, many people expected Obote to resign. Instead, Obote turned to Idi Amin and the army, and, in effect, carried out a
1285:
composed of seventy-four UPC, nine DP, eight KY, and one independent MP. The Obote regime was to become associated with food shortage, corruption, and the terrorizing, harassing, and torturing of Ugandans, particularly
1177:(a situation which contributed to the independent Uganda government's almost immediate hostility toward the trade unions). No common ideology united the UPC, the composition of which ranged from the near reactionary
1458:
even after Obote had shifted his support away from the Anyanya to Nimeiry. This foreign policy shift provoked an outcry from Israel, which had been supplying the Anyanya rebels. Amin was close friends with several
1410:, the GSU reported on suspected subversives. The Special Force Units of paramilitary police, heavily recruited from Obote's own region and ethnic group, supplemented the security forces within the army and police.
1166:
in the north-west corner of Uganda. Each of these regional political bosses and those from the other Uganda regions expected to receive a ministerial post in the new Uganda government, to exercise
1413:
Although Buganda had been defeated and occupied by the military, Obote was still concerned about security there. His concerns were well founded; in December 1969 he was wounded in an
1173:
The UPC had had no effective urban organization before independence, although it was able to mobilize the trade unions, most of which were led by non-Ugandan immigrant workers from
1170:, and to bring the material fruits of independence to local supporters. Failing these objectives, each was likely either to withdraw from the UPC coalition or realign within it.
204:
1224:. Despite these separatist pressures, Obote's long-term goal was to build a strong central government at the expense of entrenched local interests, especially those of Buganda.
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military advisers who were in Uganda to help train the Ugandan Army, and their eventual role in Amin's efforts to oust Obote remained the subject of continuing controversy.
39:
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Buganda, however, once again miscalculated, for Obote was not interested in negotiating. Instead, he sent Idi Amin and loyal troops to attack the kabaka's palace on nearby
1250:, and promoted him rapidly through the ranks as a personal protégé. As the army expanded, it became a source of political patronage and of potential political power.
1421:
thrown near him failed to explode. He had retained power by relying on Idi Amin and the army, but it was not clear that he could continue to count on their loyalty.
1276:. Unable to prevent it, he sent 300 armed Baganda veterans to the area to intimidate Banyoro voters. In turn, 2,000 veterans from Bunyoro massed on the frontier.
1227:
The first major challenge to the Obote government came not from the kingdoms, nor the regional interests, but from the military. In January 1964, units of the
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mutinied, demanding higher pay and more rapid promotions. Minister of Defense Onama, who courageously went to speak to the mutineers, was seized and held
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Uganda was greatly divided along national, religious, and ethnic lines. The national divisions were the most apparent. The country was dominated by
1966:
86:
58:
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1398:" to signal new efforts to consolidate power. His critics noted that he placed most control over economic nationalization in the hands of an
1360:. Amin's troops had heavy weapons but were reluctant to press the attack until Obote became impatient and demanded results. By the time the
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The military then began to assume a more prominent role in Ugandan life. Obote selected a popular junior officer with minimal education,
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conflict within the party. The issue that brought the UPC disharmony to a crisis involved Obote's military protégé, Idi Amin.
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chiefdoms banded together to claim that they, too, deserved recognition under the rule of their newly defined monarch, the
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Obote also faced the task of maintaining the UPC's external alliances, primarily the coalition between the UPC and the
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1959:
1243:, which responded to similar demands with increased discipline and tighter control over their small military forces.
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1239:. In the aftermath, Obote's government acceded to all the mutineers' demands, unlike the governments of Kenya and
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1189:. As prime minister, Obote was responsible for keeping this loose coalition of divergent interest groups intact.
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Obote appeared particularly uncertain of the army after Amin's sole rival among senior army officers, Brigadier
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Deep religious divisions had developed. The British-linked and British-supported elite had largely converted to
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millionaire who was also a financial backer of the UPC. Obote created a system of secret police, the
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2007:
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felt especially aggrieved having been deprived of its "lost counties" when Uganda became a British
1035:
783:
371:
310:
153:
1182:
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2320:
2256:
2107:
2093:
1407:
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924:
298:
273:
1430:
2477:
2405:
2284:
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2251:
2231:
2214:
2161:
1987:
1516:
World population 1979: recent demographic estimates for the countries and regions of the world
1387:
1338:
1286:
1260:
1193:
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1020:
993:
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669:
284:
1235:. Obote was forced to call in British troops to restore order, a humiliating blow to the new
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2345:
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1514:
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upon the enactment of the 1967 constitution which ended the previous system of a republican
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521:
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236:
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1903:
1898:
1838:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1778:
1668:
1455:
1391:
1023:
wherein the President was elected by parliament from among the 5 subnational monarchs.
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and they were excluded from power by the Protestants. Uganda also had a significant
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21:
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budget. Another charge against Amin was that he had continued to aid southern
1434:
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1349:
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to restore the "lost counties" to Bunyoro. The kabaka, naturally, opposed the
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627:
1325:
weapons was intercepted by the Kenyan government as it was being moved from
1277:
1167:
215:
1117:(UPC) was supported mainly by groups from the north and western parts. The
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Early independent Uganda during this period was dominated by the regime of
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resulted in the palace being overrun, the kabaka had taken advantage of a
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against his own government in order to stay in power. Obote suspended the
1326:
1086:
1005:
532:
437:
1496:
1125:, the leader of the Uganda People's Congress, became the nation's first
1519:. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1980. p. 153.
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1418:
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people, who had never recognized a precolonial king, claimed the title
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agreed to join the government side if Obote would undertake a popular
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2032:
1975:
1606:
1460:
1236:
1201:
1155:
997:
833:
721:
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1352:. The palace was defended by a small group of bodyguards armed with
1070:, much to the annoyance of the other four kingdoms. The kingdom of
2433:
1944:
1447:
1353:
1322:
1209:
1178:
1174:
1038:, who after being deposed by Amin returned to power in the 1980s.
683:
254:
1551:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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was mistakenly riddled with bullets. Obote began to recruit more
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bank with a gold bar (bearing the stamp of the government of the
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Uganda's approach to independence was unlike that of most other
1948:
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represented the local interests of his Bunyoro compatriots;
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population that all of Uganda would experience after 1971.
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attempt and narrowly escaped more serious injury when a
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Uganda Since Independence: a story of unfulfilled hopes
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In 1966 Amin caused a commotion when he walked into a
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1162:was the northern leader of the largely neglected
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1368:to exit over the rear wall. He hailed a passing
1105:Upon independence three parties developed. The
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1094:there was a long-standing divide between the
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1113:, represented the Catholic population. The
1015:between 1963 and 1967, before becoming the
1011:The Ugandan state was officially named the
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372:William Wilberforce Kadhumbla Nadhope III
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
990:history of Uganda from 1963 through 1971
459:• Subnational monarchies abolished
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1085:. The majority of the population were
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44:adding citations to reliable sources
55:"History of Uganda" 1963–1971
14:
1454:rebels in opposing the regime of
1133:UPC-KY coalition rule (1962–1964)
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1293:UPC multi-party rule (1964–1966)
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2525:Contemporary history by country
1254:Breakup of the coalition (1964)
31:needs additional citations for
2013:Early independence (1962–1971)
1377:UPC one-party rule (1966–1971)
1:
1406:(GSU). Headed by a relative,
1102:of the south of the country.
1109:(DP), modelled on Germany's
1004:to the rise of the dictator
2520:History of Uganda by period
2386:Water supply and sanitation
2541:
1142:'s strength lay among his
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1564:Federal Research Division
1208:. Not to be outdone, the
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697:Second Republic of Uganda
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196:Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty
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122:Sovereign State of Uganda
2120:Administrative divisions
2008:British rule (1894–1962)
1222:Cuthbert Joseph Obwangor
1146:kin in northern Uganda;
1115:Uganda People's Congress
1057:Uganda National Congress
186:"For God and My Country"
1473:Uganda Army (1962–1971)
1390:by Tanzanian President
1386:," echoed the call for
1313:. Former supporters of
1154:'s strength was in the
288:constitutional monarchy
1000:independence from the
1425:Rivalry with Idi Amin
1098:of the north and the
514:East African shilling
233:Common languages
2018:Idi Amin (1971–1979)
1404:General Service Unit
1394:, and proclaimed a "
1384:Common Man's Charter
1362:Battle of Mengo Hill
1048:colonial territories
1042:Move to independence
40:improve this article
2023:Uganda–Tanzania War
1220:'s political boss,
1152:Grace S.K. Ibingira
1111:Christian Democrats
890:1986–1994 civil war
870:Uganda–Tanzania War
860:Expulsion of Asians
449:• Established
2280:Telecommunications
1501:worldstatesmen.org
1164:West Nile District
1017:Republic of Uganda
794:Early independence
572:Dominion of Uganda
299:socialist republic
129:Republic of Uganda
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2033:Uganda since 1986
1942:
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1388:African socialism
1261:crossed the floor
1052:political parties
1034:and subsequently
1030:, Uganda's first
1021:elective monarchy
994:history of Uganda
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409:• 1963–1966
379:• 1966–1971
367:• 1963–1966
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1529:Mukasa Mutibwa,
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1396:move to the left
1187:UPC Youth League
1185:, leader of the
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1181:to the radical
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1059:, based on the
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884:1981–1986
874:1978–1979
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808:1963–1971
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788:1894–1962
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2035:
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2028:Third Republic
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
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1911:
1906:
1901:
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1611:
1609:(1962–present)
1604:
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1573:
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1542:
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1536:
1535:
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1475:
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1465:
1456:Gaafar Nimeiry
1426:
1423:
1392:Julius Nyerere
1378:
1375:
1294:
1291:
1287:Indian traders
1259:of parliament
1255:
1252:
1134:
1131:
1127:Prime Minister
1061:Congress Party
1043:
1040:
1032:Prime Minister
1002:United Kingdom
992:comprises the
984:
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900:LRA insurgency
896:
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850:Special themes
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824:Third Republic
820:
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804:First Republic
800:
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453:9 October 1962
451:
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434:Historical era
431:
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395:Prime Minister
391:
390:
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353:Vice President
349:
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28:
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19:
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10:
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2537:
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2105:
2095:
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2077:
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2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
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2058:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:Egyptian rule
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
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1561:
1560:
1554:
1553:public domain
1545:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1495:Cahoon, Ben.
1491:
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1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1436:
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1424:
1422:
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1416:
1415:assassination
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
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1385:
1376:
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1371:
1367:
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1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:Belgian Congo
1304:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1248:Idi Amin Dada
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:Teso District
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
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1169:
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1157:
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1149:
1148:George Magezi
1145:
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1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:Protestantism
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1041:
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1022:
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1003:
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979:
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943:
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831:
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807:
805:
802:
801:
797:
795:
792:
791:
787:
785:
782:
781:
777:
775:
774:Early history
772:
771:
768:
767:
762:
758:
754:
753:
750:
743:
738:
732:
729:
723:
720:
718:Today part of
716:
700:
698:
695:
694:
691:
685:
682:
675:
674:
671:
668:
661:
660:
657:
654:
647:
646:
643:
642:Tooro Kingdom
640:
633:
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629:
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619:
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612:
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584:
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563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
542:
539:
536:
534:
533:ISO 3166 code
530:
523:
515:
512:
508:
504:
500:
487:
479:
475:
472:
462:
452:
439:
436:
432:
429:
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412:
398:
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373:
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346:
343:
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331:
328:
314:
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304:
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297:
296:parliamentary
294:
289:
286:
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282:parliamentary
280:
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275:
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265:
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259:
256:
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197:
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119:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2434:
2424:
2366:Prostitution
2331:Demographics
2290:Trade unions
2242:Conservation
2237:Central bank
2201:Rebel groups
2169:Human rights
2127:Constitution
2069:Conservation
1558:
1533:, pp. 65–70.
1530:
1525:
1515:
1509:
1500:
1444:
1428:
1412:
1380:
1347:
1343:constitution
1335:
1331:
1311:Congo Crisis
1300:
1296:
1283:
1257:
1245:
1229:Ugandan Army
1226:
1213:
1205:
1191:
1183:John Kakonge
1172:
1140:Milton Obote
1136:
1123:Milton Obote
1119:Kabaka Yekka
1104:
1080:
1076:protectorate
1065:
1045:
1028:Milton Obote
1025:
1016:
1012:
1010:
989:
987:
803:
784:British rule
728:
554:Succeeded by
553:
548:
497:• 1969
414:Milton Obote
384:John Babiiha
342:Milton Obote
303:dictatorship
290:(1963-1966)
251:Christianity
191:
184:Motto:
183:
174:Coat of arms
136:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2227:Agriculture
2181:LGBT rights
1408:Akena Adoko
1339:coup d'état
1329:to Uganda.
1160:Felix Onama
904:1987–
838:1986–
746:History of
549:Preceded by
526:(1966–1971)
518:(1963–1966)
471:Coup d'état
424:Legislature
305:(1966-1971)
132:(1967–1971)
125:(1963–1967)
2514:Categories
2269:(currency)
2147:Government
2132:Corruption
1479:References
1431:Acap Okoya
1366:cloudburst
1350:Mengo Hill
1274:plebiscite
1270:referendum
1241:Tanganyika
1206:kyabasinga
1196:, who led
1063:of India.
834:Since 1986
764:Chronology
628:Rwenzururu
486:Population
428:Parliament
274:Government
262:Demonym(s)
66:newspapers
2381:Terrorism
2376:Squatting
2356:Languages
2341:Education
2295:Transport
2267:Shilling
2252:Fisheries
2152:President
2137:Elections
2079:Mountains
2052:Geography
1605:Years in
1315:Congolese
1278:Civil war
1168:patronage
1036:President
501:9,548,847
311:President
301:under a
247:Religion
144:1962–1971
2494:Category
2371:Religion
2361:Polygamy
2321:Abortion
2257:Forestry
2186:Military
2174:Intersex
2108:Politics
2094:Wildlife
1980:articles
1619:Pre-1962
1497:"Uganda"
1467:See also
1358:shotguns
1327:Tanzania
1096:Nilotics
1087:Catholic
1006:Idi Amin
935:Military
930:Economic
916:By topic
880:Bush War
778:pre-1894
737:a series
735:Part of
510:Currency
438:Cold War
285:elective
96:May 2021
2478:Outline
2428:(dress)
2419:Cuisine
2406:Culture
2309:Society
2285:Tourism
2262:Poverty
2232:Banking
2215:Economy
2162:Cabinet
1988:History
1541:Sources
1461:Israeli
1452:Anyanya
1419:grenade
1323:Chinese
1317:leader
1303:Kampala
1266:Bunyoro
1233:hostage
1198:Buganda
1072:Bunyoro
1068:Buganda
998:Ugandan
925:Buganda
906:present
840:present
600:Bunyoro
586:Buganda
469:•
293:Unitary
279:Federal
267:Ugandan
241:Swahili
237:English
227:Kampala
223:Capital
194: "
192:Anthem:
80:scholar
2499:Portal
2438:(robe)
2425:Gomesi
2414:Cinema
2346:Health
2247:Energy
2089:Rivers
1978:
1976:Uganda
1607:Uganda
1570:Uganda
1555:.
1439:Acholi
1354:rifles
1237:regime
1214:kingoo
1202:Busoga
1194:kabaka
1158:; and
1156:Ankole
1091:Muslim
1050:where
748:Uganda
739:on the
722:Uganda
656:Ankole
614:Busoga
399:
357:
315:
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2485:Index
2459:Sport
2449:Music
2444:Media
2435:Kanzu
2396:Youth
2391:Women
2074:Lakes
1448:Sudan
1400:Asian
1210:Iteso
1179:Onama
1175:Kenya
1144:Langi
1100:Bantu
996:from
684:Kooki
255:Islam
87:JSTOR
73:books
1934:2024
1929:2023
1924:2022
1919:2021
1914:2020
1909:2019
1904:2018
1899:2017
1894:2016
1889:2015
1884:2014
1879:2013
1874:2012
1869:2011
1864:2010
1859:2009
1854:2008
1849:2007
1844:2006
1839:2005
1834:2004
1829:2003
1824:2002
1819:2001
1814:2000
1809:1999
1804:1998
1799:1997
1794:1996
1789:1995
1784:1994
1779:1993
1774:1992
1769:1991
1764:1990
1759:1989
1754:1988
1749:1987
1744:1986
1739:1985
1734:1984
1729:1983
1724:1982
1719:1981
1714:1980
1709:1979
1704:1978
1699:1977
1694:1976
1689:1975
1684:1974
1679:1973
1674:1972
1669:1971
1664:1970
1659:1969
1654:1968
1649:1967
1644:1966
1639:1965
1634:1964
1629:1963
1624:1962
1370:taxi
1356:and
1216:for
988:The
864:1972
253:and
239:and
160:Flag
59:news
1450:'s
1435:car
42:by
2516::
1568:-
1562:.
1499:.
1487:^
1289:.
1129:.
1078:.
1008:.
538:UG
198:"
1968:e
1961:t
1954:v
1598:e
1591:t
1584:v
1566:.
1503:.
1382:"
977:e
970:t
963:v
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
