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History of cricket in the West Indies to 1918

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they brought. Uniquely, 16 acres (65,000 m) was offered to each Free Coloured or Free Person of Colour and half as much for each slave they brought. In the tumult of the Haitian and French Revolutions, many people migrated from the French islands to Trinidad. This resulted in Trinidad having the unique feature of a large Free Coloured slave-owning class. By the time the island was surrendered to the British in 1797 the population had increased to 17,643: 2,086 whites, 1,082 free people of colour, 1,082 Amerindians, and 10,009 African slaves. Spanish rule over the island, which nominally began in 1498, ended when the final Spanish Governor,
93:, full colonisation commencing in 1661. The cultivation of sugar cane and coffee by African slave labour made Jamaica one of the most valuable possessions in the world for more than 150 years. The colony's slaves, who outnumbered their white masters 300,000 to 30,000 by 1800, mounted over a dozen major slave conspiracies and uprisings between 1673 and 1832. 448:
that there should be a regular series of matches between the three colonies to be played alternately at each colony. By the time of the next tournament in 1893 a cup had been subscribed for but British Guiana were unable to take part, Barbados being winners again. This 1893 match is regarded as the
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was arranged for the following season in September 1865. Barbados batted first and scored 111 with Thomas Daly taking 4–30 bowling underarm. In reply British Guiana were all out for 82 which included 34 extras, George Whitehall taking 4–16. British Guiana were then set 146 to win which they made with
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On the Friday morning we went to the Garrison and practised on the pitch there. Consequently the islanders had to prepare a pitch on the Savannah. And such a pitch! The outfield was very high with grass, you could not run after a ball. The pitch itself was so studded with small pieces of corral that
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began in the sixteenth century, the population in 1783 was only 2,763 with the majority being Amerindians. In 1783, the proclamation of a Cedula of Population by the Spanish Crown granted 32 acres (130,000 m) of land to each Catholic who settled in Trinidad and half as much for each slave that
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outlawed slavery in all British colonies. On 1 August 1834, all slaves in the British Empire were emancipated. Some remained indentured to their former owners in an apprenticeship system which was finally abolished in 1838. Β£20 million was paid in compensation to plantation owners in the Caribbean.
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but quite different from that of Trinidad. During the colonial period, French, Dutch, British and Courlanders (Latvians) fought over possession of Tobago and the island changed hands 22 times: more often than any other West Indian island. Tobago was finally ceded to Great Britain in 1814. The two
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in August and September 1886 and played 12 two-day matches mostly against club sides, 6 matches being played in Canada and 6 in the United States plus an additional fill-up game in the US. A return tour by the gentlemen of the US following in 1887–88. The tourists were not at all representative of
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had been settled by the Dutch in 1648 but they were annexed by the British in 1672. Sugar cane was introduced by the British and it soon became the main crop. Initially, labour was indented by 'transported' British convicts and from Ireland. African slaves were introduced in the mid-seventeenth
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up the Essequebo River to the Penal Settlement at the junction of the Cuyuni and Massaruni Rivers and to take place from 18 to 20 September. A trip up the Massaruni was arranged in three smaller boats and during this it was decided to shoot the Koestrabraek Falls. One of the boats, the Lady
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between 1 and 10 September 1891. Barbados beat British Guiana by 4 wickets, British Guiana beat Trinidad by 151 runs and Barbados beat Trinidad by an innings and 93 runs. The final was then contested between Barbados and British Guiana. Barbados won this match by an innings and 55 runs.
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the ball had to be changed twice in an innings which lasted about two hours and mangled balls were brought back as a memento. We practised on Saturday and the match was fixed for the Monday and Tuesday following but was postponed until the Wednesday and Thursday
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The inter-colonial tournament was restricted to amateurs and that this excluded many of the leading black cricketers who were often professionals. In addition, because of the distances and travelling costs involved, Jamaica never took part in the tournament.
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The 1894–95 season featured the first tour of the West Indies by an English team. This was a team of amateurs captained by R Slade Lucas. They played a total of 16 matches between January and April 1895 of which eight are considered
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was first colonised by France in 1660 but seized by the British in 1663. It was then the subject of no less than 14 separate conflicts between the two before Britain finally secured control in 1814 at the end of the Napoleonic War.
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The development of cricket in all countries has been shaped by historical events but perhaps nowhere else is this more so than in the West Indies where not only colonialism, but also slavery shaped society.
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Inter-Colonial matches were sporadic in the early years of West Indian cricket, mainly because of travel difficulties between the islands and there were only 10 such matches up to 1890, involving
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was passed by the British Parliament on 25 March 1807. The Act imposed a fine of Β£100 for every slave found aboard a British ship. The intention was to entirely outlaw the slave trade within the
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1780s – the Barbados Cricket Buckle, depicting a mulatto batsman wearing a slave collar being bowled out, suggests that slaves in the West Indies were playing cricket as early as 1780.
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which had been uninhabited. Sugar plantations were soon developed and large numbers of African slaves were brought in to work them. Another British colony was established on
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the strength of the US at the time. Neither of these two tours is regarded as first-class but they are important in being the first tours involving West Indies teams.
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We do not know when or where cricket was first played in the West Indies but it is reasonable to assume that it was introduced by these early colonists.
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2 wickets remaining, William Watson batting throughout for 39*. As in the previous match the Smith brothers took most of the wickets for Barbados.
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Wodehouse, capsized in the falls and seven people were drowned including two of the British Guiana team, Henry Beresford and Richard Stewart.
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From then on indented labour from India, China and elsewhere was imported. This created the ethnic pot pourri of the region's population.
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On 10 May 1806, a meeting of St Anne's Cricket Club in Barbados was announced in the 'Barbados Mercury' to take play on 12 May
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on 15–16 February 1865. Barbados won a low scoring match by 138 runs. Augustus and Frederick Smith, two uncles of
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Muscular Learning – Cricket and Education in the Making of the British West Indies at the end of the 19th Century
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By the 1660s, British holdings in the West Indies included Jamaica, Barbados, Bermuda, Bahamas, St Kitts, Nevis,
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were initially claimed by France in the 17th century but were all ceded to Great Britain under the terms of the
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1655 is a significant year in British colonisation of the West Indies for its forces under Admiral Sir
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In 1492, the "New World" was discovered by a Spanish naval expedition under Columbus which reached the
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in January 1869. Trinidad won the first by 5 wickets and British Guiana the second by 27 runs.
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After this game, various social events were organised including a boat trip on the steamer
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1861 – first full score of a Barbados match: St Michael's Club against The Lodge School
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arrived in 1910–11 and played twelve matches, eleven of which are first-class. See:
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1850 – cricket being played by the pupils of St. George's College, Kingston, Jamaica
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surrendered the island to a British fleet of 18 warships under the command of Sir
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1857 – Vere and Clarendon Cricket Clubs founded in Jamaica, neither last long
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was first settled by the Dutch, who established three separate colonies at
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Edwin Beete, one of the British Guiana side, was later quoted as follows:
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took the wickets for Barbados and dismissed British Guiana for 22 and 38.
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The game was taken to the West Indies by British colonists and soldiers.
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Great Britain's other West Indies territories came into the story later.
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This article describes the history of West Indies cricket to 1918.
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Barbados lost twice to British Guiana by 108 runs and by 6 wickets
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in 1888 with Tobago reduced to the status of a Ward of Trinidad.
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were found by Columbus in 1498. Although Spanish settlement of
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In 1609, the first British settlement in the West Indies was on
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and the two names seem to have been interchangeable at first.
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first proper tournament because of the trophy being awarded.
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1858 – formation of Georgetown Cricket Club in British Guiana
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1842 – Trinidad Cricket Club already "of very long standing"
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Trinidad defeated British Guiana by an innings and 28 runs
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Lord Brackley's XI cricket team in West Indies in 1904-05
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British Guiana defeated Trinidad by an innings and 6 runs
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is used here throughout until the country was renamed as
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AA Priestley's XI cricket team in West Indies in 1896-97
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Barbados Cricketers 1865–1990, page 4, by Philip Thorn
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RA Bennett's XI cricket team in West Indies in 1901-02
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Lord Hawke's XI cricket team in West Indies in 1896-97
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in 1831. There were major slave revolts in 1763, and
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by shipwrecked English colonists originally bound for
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During this tournament a suggestion was made by Hon.
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West Indian cricket seasons from 1890–91 to 1917–18
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The American Cricketers in the West Indies: 1887–88
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RS Lucas' XI cricket team in West Indies in 1894-95
723:History of cricket in the West Indies from 2000–01 456:The tournaments took place irregularly until the 281:The British Guiana team was often referred to as 55:. In 1628, British colonists began to settle on 600:Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development 569:Philadelphian cricket team in Jamaica in 1908-09 253:1863 – Kingston Cricket Club founded in Jamaica 769:International cricket tours of the West Indies 557:English cricket team in West Indies in 1912-13 550:English cricket team in West Indies in 1910-11 303:inaugural first-class match in the West Indies 754: 689:History of cricket in the West Indies to 1918 664: 382:Barbados defeated British Guiana by 6 wickets 359:Barbados defeated British Guiana by 8 wickets 36:; and hence the creation of the West Indies. 8: 620:Statistics of West Indies Cricket: 1865–1989 274:. These ten games are generally regarded as 761: 747: 739: 671: 657: 649: 555:Another MCC team toured in 1912–13. See: 197:islands were incorporated into a single 1744:West Indian cricket in the 20th century 1739:West Indian cricket in the 19th century 579: 305:between Barbados and British Guiana at 7: 622:by Jimmy Richards & Mervyn Wong 100:, Montserrat, Antigua and Barbuda. 14: 416:in the West Indies take place in 412:The 1891–92 season saw the first 505:English tours of the West Indies 301:The 1864–65 season included the 206:Abolition of the Slave Trade Act 1: 525:English teams on tour. See: 434:Wanderers Ground, Bay Pasture 89:seized the Spanish island of 544:The first team organised by 432:. Matches took place at the 297:Earliest first-class matches 679:West Indian cricket seasons 632:Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 403:West Indian cricket to 1918 136:The group now known as the 1765: 345:Matches and events to 1890 1421: 1376: 774: 684: 460:, winners to 1918 being: 414:Inter-Colonial Tournament 408:Inter-Colonial Tournament 470:1895–96 – British Guiana 224:Early cricket references 645:by Richard D. E. Burton 521:The 1896–97 season had 375:Edward Fortescue Wright 352:two matches in Trinidad 215:On 23 August 1833, the 350:British Guiana played 138:British Virgin Islands 782:One Day International 217:Slavery Abolition Act 186:on 18 February 1797. 180:Don JosΓ© Maria ChacΓ³n 20:Historical background 1413:USA/West Indies 2024 628:by H R Holmes (1975) 476:1899–1900 – Barbados 388:toured North America 120:Treaty of Paris 1763 1588:1896–97 (Priestley) 512:first-class matches 386:A West Indian side 276:first-class matches 171:Trinidad and Tobago 1379:Tournaments hosted 563:Philadelphian tour 500:1911–12 – Barbados 497:1910–11 – Barbados 494:1909–10 – Trinidad 491:1908–09 – Barbados 488:1907–08 – Trinidad 485:1905–06 – Barbados 482:1903–04 – Trinidad 479:1901–02 – Trinidad 473:1897–98 – Barbados 467:1893–94 – Barbados 464:1891–92 – Barbados 1726: 1725: 736: 735: 639:by Clem Seecharan 610:Beyond a Boundary 394:September 1887 – 380:September 1883 – 369:September 1882 – 357:September 1871 – 307:Garrison Savannah 184:Ralph Abercrombie 1756: 763: 756: 749: 740: 673: 666: 659: 650: 587: 584: 458:Second World War 124:Seven Years' War 1764: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1706: 1690: 1674: 1593:1896–97 (Hawke) 1570: 1554: 1508: 1472: 1452: 1426: 1417: 1381: 1372: 1341: 1300: 1259: 1198: 1152: 1121: 1030: 919: 878: 802: 786: 770: 767: 737: 732: 680: 677: 596: 594:Further reading 591: 590: 585: 581: 576: 565: 507: 410: 405: 363:October 1876 – 347: 299: 260: 226: 194:Lesser Antilles 122:that ended the 106:The islands of 87:Robert Venables 53:Leeward Islands 22: 12: 11: 5: 1762: 1760: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1731: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1720: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1682: 1680: 1679:Multi-national 1676: 1675: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1568: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1552: 1547: 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to 1970 696:1919 to 1945 688: 642: 636: 625: 619: 608: 599: 582: 566: 554: 543: 522: 520: 508: 455: 451: 443: 411: 337: 335: 330:return match 327: 321: 319: 315:Sydney Smith 300: 280: 261: 258:1865 to 1890 227: 214: 203: 199:Crown Colony 188: 169: 165:also in 1823 143: 135: 128: 105: 102: 95: 85:and General 83:William Penn 80: 77: 38: 27: 23: 15: 1424:Other tours 1157:New Zealand 791:Afghanistan 643:Afro-Creole 155:(1627) and 110:, Grenada, 1733:Categories 1711:Sri Lankan 1606:(Brackley) 883:Bangladesh 574:References 438:Bridgetown 311:Bridgetown 116:Grenadines 112:St Vincent 65:Montserrat 1600:(Bennett) 1477:Bermudian 1353:1999–2000 1305:Sri Lanka 807:Australia 615:CLR James 149:Essequibo 141:century. 1695:Scottish 1513:Canadian 1431:American 1346:Zimbabwe 1203:Pakistan 430:Trinidad 422:Barbados 420:between 418:Barbados 283:Demerara 272:Trinidad 264:Barbados 175:Trinidad 157:Demerara 151:(1616), 130:St Lucia 114:and the 108:Dominica 98:Anguilla 57:Barbados 49:St Kitts 45:Virginia 1718:1995–96 1702:2005–06 1686:1966–67 1670:1991–92 1665:1974–75 1660:1969–70 1655:1960–61 1650:1956–57 1645:1955–56 1640:1931–32 1635:1928–29 1630:1927–28 1625:1926–27 1620:1925–26 1615:1912–13 1610:1910–11 1604:1904–05 1598:1901–02 1584:(Lucas) 1582:1894–95 1575:English 1550:2012–13 1545:2011–12 1540:2009–10 1535:1988–89 1530:1987–88 1525:1984–85 1504:2012–13 1499:1993–94 1494:1992–93 1489:1982–83 1484:1957–58 1468:1978–79 1438:1887–88 1368:2012–13 1363:2009–10 1337:2020–21 1327:2007–08 1312:1995–96 1281:2004–05 1250:2016–17 1225:1992–93 1220:1987–88 1215:1976–77 1210:1957–58 1174:1995–96 1169:1984–85 1164:1971–72 1148:2021–22 1143:2019–20 1138:2013–14 1133:2009–10 1126:Ireland 1077:2001–02 1072:1996–97 1067:1988–89 1062:1982–83 1057:1975–76 1052:1970–71 1047:1961–62 1042:1952–53 1026:2023–24 1021:2021–22 1016:2018–19 1011:2016–17 1006:2014–15 1001:2013–14 996:2008–09 991:2003–04 986:1997–98 981:1993–94 976:1989–90 971:1985–86 966:1980–81 961:1973–74 956:1967–68 951:1959–60 946:1953–54 941:1947–48 936:1934–35 931:1929–30 924:England 915:2024-25 864:2011–12 849:1998–99 844:1994–95 839:1990–91 834:1983–84 829:1977–78 824:1972–73 819:1964–65 814:1954–55 728:2005–06 514:. See: 338:Berbice 153:Berbice 91:Jamaica 73:Barbuda 69:Antigua 51:in the 41:Bermuda 34:Bahamas 291:Guyana 190:Tobago 145:Guyana 1559:Dutch 1035:India 784:tours 567:See: 61:Nevis 1566:2001 1520:1976 1448:2004 1443:1909 1408:2016 1403:2013 1398:2010 1393:2007 1358:2006 1332:2018 1322:2003 1317:1997 1296:2024 1291:2021 1286:2010 1276:2001 1271:1992 1255:2021 1245:2013 1240:2011 1235:2005 1230:2000 1194:2022 1189:2014 1184:2012 1179:2002 1117:2023 1112:2022 1107:2019 1102:2017 1097:2016 1092:2011 1087:2009 1082:2006 910:2022 905:2018 900:2014 895:2009 890:2004 874:2021 869:2015 859:2008 854:2003 798:2017 780:and 778:Test 537:and 529:and 428:and 270:and 204:The 71:and 1459:WSC 613:by 602:by 546:MCC 523:two 436:in 309:in 1735:: 559:. 552:. 541:. 518:. 424:, 328:A 325:. 293:. 278:. 266:, 126:. 75:. 67:, 1461:) 762:e 755:t 748:v 672:e 665:t 658:v 398:.

Index

Caribbean Sea
Bahamas
Bermuda
Virginia
St Kitts
Leeward Islands
Barbados
Nevis
Montserrat
Antigua
Barbuda
William Penn
Robert Venables
Jamaica
Anguilla
Dominica
St Vincent
Grenadines
Treaty of Paris 1763
Seven Years' War
St Lucia
British Virgin Islands
Guyana
Essequibo
Berbice
Demerara
British Guiana
also in 1823
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad

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