255:(1978) it was held that for the activities of a prostitute to be criminal their conduct must conform to the dictionary definition of "solicit"; it must be importuning, or "pressing or persistent" and constitute more than a mere indication that she was willing to prostitute herself. A plainclothes police officer permitted the appellant to enter his car. She then identified herself as a prostitute and discussed terms. The Court did not believe that this fell within the intent of parliament to prohibit acts "which would contribute to public inconvenience." Four judges indicated that they would not have considered an automobile a "public place," also excluding the actions from section 195.1. Following this there was concern that the police could no longer act against street prostitution unless there was "pressing or persistent" behaviour.
688:
for consideration". Bill C-36 made it illegal to " sexual services for consideration", receive "material benefits" from sexual services performed by another person, and to "knowingly advertise an offer to provide sexual services for consideration" by another person. Individual sex workers are given a form of immunity for advertising or receiving consideration from "their own" sexual services. The previous prohibition on communicating in public places for the purposes of such services was loosened, and now only applies to communications conducted at or near
646:"Public place" was defined as including motor vehicles in or on public places. This section was to be reviewed after three years. The Justice Minister stated that further amendments would be forthcoming, but nothing came of this. The section was challenged unsuccessfully in the Supreme Court in 1990. The new section was welcomed by citizens and authorities, but critics claimed it would merely displace the phenomenon, endanger workers, and give the police and court too much discretionary power.
342:, education and crisis intervention programs. Others supported the 1990 C49 report for a re-examination of the Fraser Report. Specifically, these addressed funding for research and more control of harassment or obstruction. The Ottawa report also asked the Minister to work with municipalities to establish a National Crime Prevention Council. In response, the City took action to deter automobile traffic in certain areas.
572:. Interviews were conducted with police officers, Crown prosecutors, defence lawyers, judges, prostitutes, customers, pimps, social agency staff, and business people and residents. Baseline data was available from the 1984 report of the Fraser Committee. The report, "Street Prostitution: Assessing the Impact of the Law" was published in July 1989 by the Department of Justice. The report concluded that although the
375:(3d) 257 , it was held that the bylaw was enacted for valid objectives relating to business regulation, including health, safety and the prevention of crime, and did not usurp the Government's jurisdiction over criminal law. The court did not believe that the bylaw violated dancers' freedom of expression. Close-contact dancing was not a constitutionally protected right. This was upheld at the appellate level.
664:
409:, however, were undertaken on the basis of over-charging licence fees In 2002, an Edmonton prostitute commenced an action against the City, demanding it lower the license fee for escorts from $ 1,600. The action claimed that the City of Edmonton was "living off the avails of prostitution" by imposing such a high licence fee.
279:(1981) enacted bylaws that banned the use of streets and other public areas for prostitution. These cities claimed powers, derived from the provinces, to regulate the streets and restrict criminality. Although police and city officials claimed the bylaws to be effective, they were found to be unconstitutional. In
703:
Supporters of Bill C-36 argued that the bill would help improve safety for sex workers. Those against the law argued that the law restricts the ability for sex workers to safely search for clients and conduct their business. Emily Symons, chairperson of POWER, an advocacy group for prostitutes in the
523:
Bill C-49 (1985) stated its objectives were to remove "street prostitutes and their customers from "downtown neighbourhoods." It also mandated a review within three years. A research study was therefore undertaken in 1987–88 to determine whether C-49 resulted in "a reduction in the nuisance of street
487:
In the report, three strategies were considered; criminalization, decriminalization, and regulation. Further criminalization would prohibit all forms of prostitution but was felt to be impossible to enforce, had little public support, and represented the imposition of moral views through the criminal
483:
That report stated that prostitution was widespread in Canada, particularly in cities. Although empirical evidence was lacking, it concluded that economic necessity was a major motivation for many women. Public opinion was ambivalent. Most people opposed further criminalization, but there was support
366:
In response to the 1995 Federal-Provincial-Territorial
Working Group on Prostitution report "Dealing with Prostitution in Canada," Toronto's Board of Health advocated decriminalisation in 1995, with the City taking the responsibility of regulating the industry. The City then endorsed these proposals,
188:
The original vagrancy laws were discriminatory in that they were applied overwhelmingly to women and criminalised the status of "being a common prostitute" rather than criminalising the behaviours associated with prostitution. For these reasons, the original status offences for prostitution could be
687:
in June 2014. The bill was approved by the Senate on
November 4, 2014, and came into effect on December 6, 2014. Unlike previous legislation, C-36 primarily targets those who buy sex, and seeks to reduce the demand for prostitution—a term which was widely replaced with the euphemism "sexual services
374:
in August 1995 to prohibit physical contact, including touching, between patrons and attendants, with a maximum fine of $ 50,000, and revocation of licences. Adult entertainment parlours were unsuccessful in having this quashed by the courts. In Ont. Adult
Entertainment Bar Assn. v. Toronto, 26 O.R.
461:
went further in 2002 with a civil law allowing the province to ask the courts to freeze, seize and forfeit to the Crown property that is the proceeds of unlawful activity including prostitution, without involving criminal charges. Other provincial Acts authorize the suspension of a driver's licence
499:
This was to be balanced by easing restrictions on other activities. Bawdy house provisions were to be amended to allow up to two workers on a premise as out was illogical to permit prostitution but make it illegal to perform it anywhere. The committee thought that a maximum of two persons would be
491:
Instead, the
Committee put forward recommendations having elements of all three approaches. For the first time, recommendations addressed underlying economic and social issues, whose alleviation might improve the situation. The Committee recommended addressing social inequalities between genders,
475:
The
Justice Minister established a committee in June 1983 to enquire into prostitution and pornography, headed by Paul Fraser, which reported in April 1985. The other members of the committee were: Susan Clark, Mount St Vincent University, Halifax; Mary Eberts, a civil litigator specialising in
111:
in 1867, it became possible to develop common criminal laws for all of Canada. Women under 21 were protected from 'defilement' from that date, while in 1869, vagrancy provisions were consolidated and extended to include males 'living on the avails' of prostitution. The penalties were increased in
95:
Act of 1759 which allowed imprisonment for "lewd behaviour". Most prostitution in the early days of
Canadian history took place in brothels which were in every city. Action by the authorities occurred only in the context of other criminal or socially undesirable activity taking place in or in the
176:
The original 1892 Criminal Code described 12 ways in which a "loose, idle or disorderly person or vagrant" might be arrested and upon conviction subjected to a maximum fine of $ 50 or imprisonment not exceeding six months with or without hard labour. This was directed at the person as "vagrant"
150:
Up to the 1880s prostitution was largely tolerated in the
Prairie provinces. Before 1909 there were few arrests and even fewer fines for prostitution, in part because those caught were encouraged to leave town rather than be jailed. As the population became more settled, however, public opinion
635:
It was clear that the law needed to be reviewed, and Bill C‑49 was introduced in 1985, coming into force on
December 28, 1985, replacing section 195.1. The new offence (section 213) referred to any person in a public place (or place open to public view) who stopped or attempted to stop a motor
267:
decision led to public pressure to amend section 195.1 to expand the definition of soliciting. Street prostitution was described as a " plague" and there was pressure to deal with activity that was claimed to blight residential and commercial areas, and to be associated with criminal activity,
495:
While the
Committee (with one dissension) did not support complete decriminalisation, it suggested thorough revision of the criminal law, with tougher penalties for street prostitution because of the harm of disturbance and nuisance. It suggested a new offence of interfering or attempting to
589:
that the departments responsible for justice, health and welfare, and employment, at all levels of government, develop programs to provide start‑up and core funding to community‑based agencies providing integrated, holistic programs accessible and responsive to the needs of male and female
425:
for an injunction to restrain, as a common law public nuisance, prostitution‑related activity in a residential area of
Vancouver. The interim injunction (A.G. B.C. v. Couillard (1984), 42 C.R. (3d) 273) prohibited persons from publicly offering or appearing to offer themselves, directly or
605:
that section 213 of the Criminal Code be amended to provide sentencing judges with the discretion to prohibit persons convicted of street solicitation involving a motor vehicle, in addition to any other penalty imposed, from driving a motor vehicle for a period not to exceed three months.
609:
Essentially, in its 1991 response, the government rejected the recommendations and did not amend legislation. It suggested that rather than proceed with developing exit strategies, further consultation should be undertaken, and that further penalties would not enhance exiting. The final
139:
in 1892. Existing provisions were included and refined in the new Code, including making it an offence to procure women 'for unlawful carnal connection'. The laws continued to be amended in various ways over the years. From 1892 to 1972, this created an offence under 175(1)(c) for
167:
but had little effect on the extent of prostitution, but there was now less public concern. Throughout enforcement was heavily gendered, with only a few men prosecuted under the avails and procurement laws. In 1947, it became an offence to transport a woman to a bawdy house.
444:
The provinces have continued to seek ways of controlling prostitution without infringing Parliament's jurisdiction over the Criminal Code. The Traffic and Highway Acts in several provinces have been amended to allow police to seize, impound and sell vehicles of clients.
500:
unlikely to be associated with public nuisance and would allow a worker to use their own home. It also proposed that prostitution establishments be permitted to be licensed and operated by provincial or territorial governments, like other businesses.
910:
503:
The Committee recommended repeal of the offences of procuring and living on the avails of prostitution, limiting this to the use of force, threats or other coercive or threatening behaviour. The Committee concluded its report as follows:
496:
interfere, on more than one occasion, with pedestrian or vehicular traffic for the purposes of offering to engage in prostitution or of employing the services of a prostitute but not the mere offer or acceptance without disturbance.
654:
In 1988 Bill C‑15 made it an offence to obtain or attempt to obtain the sexual services of a minor, increasing the maximum penalty to 14 years for anyone convicted of living on the avails of a prostitute under the age of 18 years.
132:', a popular concern of the time. This produced an enthusiasm for rescuing 'fallen women'. However, with increasing action against brothels, more and more people working in prostitution carried out their business on the streets.
115:
By a lack of suitable alternatives, women were annexed into the sex industry. Only from about 1890 was there concern about the actual existence of prostitution, with religious groups, early feminists and women's groups such as
626:
held "for the purpose of prostitution" referred only to the seller (R. v. Dudak (1978), 3 C.R. (3d) 68) while the Ontario Court of Appeal held (in R. v. DiPaola (1978), 4 C.R. (3d) 121) that it referred to either party.
151:
regarding this resource for itinerant men turned hostile. For example, a smallpox epidemic in the red light districts of Calgary ignited a crackdown as demanded by middle-class women reformers. Local chapters of the
247:
and defined an offence based on an act (although not the nature of the act) and was thought to have addressed the social nuisance concerns of residents. However it soon became clear that there were now new problems.
1097:"Legislative Summary of Bill C-36: An Act to amend the Criminal Code in response to the Supreme Court of Canada decision in Attorney General of Canada v. Bedford and to make consequential amendments to other Acts"
618:
Despite the apparently neutral language of the law, the courts continued to interpret 'person' as woman, requiring a 1983 amendment defining "prostitute" as a person of either sex who engages in prostitution.
488:
law. The Committee did not fully support decriminalisation either, on the grounds that it found little evidence that all of the harms would be alleviated. The Committee also rejected regulation by the state.
514:
Response was varied. Authorities were positive about strengthening measures against street work, but negative about relaxing sanctions against indoor work, and no support emerged at the Provincial level.
597:
that the Identification of Criminals Act be amended to allow for the fingerprinting and photographing of those charged under section 213 of the Criminal Code, whether as prostitutes or as customers; and
577:
practice of street prostitution was modified somewhat by the communicating law ... (i)n most of the cities included in the study, street prostitution was as prevalent as it was before the new law.
582:
In 1989, the Standing Committee on Justice and the Solicitor General conducted a comprehensive review of Bill C‑49, reporting in October 1990. Its three recommendations were the following:
1096:
100:
laws designed to keep public places free of "undesirables". Owners or operators of brothels (bawdy houses) could also be prosecuted as vagrants. These were based on the British
622:
The next problem, also relating to gender neutrality, was the issue of whether it was discriminatory, applying only to the seller not the buyer. Case law was inconsistent. The
708:
region, argued that C-36 "not only reintroduces laws deemed unconstitutional in a unanimous decision by the Supreme Court only one year ago — it actually makes them worse."
426:
indirectly, for the purposes of prostitution, in addition it addressed trespassing and disturbance of the peace by prostitutes. Evidence was presented from residents of the
177:(status law). In 1954, amendments made vagrancy the doing of a prohibited act, and these were reduced to five. Three of them dealt with street disorder and were nicknamed
220:(a) -not having any apparent means of support is found wandering abroad or trespassing and does not, when required, justify his presence in the place where he is found;
1136:
854:
63:. These dealt principally with pimping, procuring, operating brothels and soliciting. Most amendments to date have dealt with the latter, originally classified as a
750:"S.N.S. 1759 (1st) c.1 An Act for regulating and maintaining an House of Correction or Work-House within the Town of Halifax, and for binding out of Poor Children"
350:
Edmonton focused on the juvenile issue, proposing amendments to child welfare legislation and the Criminal Code. It also proposed bylaws to regulate dating and
75:
in 1985. Since the Charter of Rights and Freedoms became law, the constitutionality of Canada's prostitution laws have been challenged on a number of occasions.
809:
291:. Similarly for Montreal (Goldwax et al. v. City of Montreal, 2 S.C.R. 525). These rulings therefore nullified other similar bylaws enacted or proposed in
476:
equality issues, from Toronto; Jean-Paul Gilbert, a member of the National Parole Board, Montreal; John McLaren, Dean of Law at the University of Windsor;
1070:
1013:
727:
New France Conseil supérieur de Québec, Chauveau, Pierre-J.-Olivier (Pierre-Joseph-Olivier), 1820-1890, New France. Conseil souverain Vol 1, pp972-974
509:
Prostitution cannot be dealt with on a piecemeal basis, but only by carefully linking the provisions on each aspect of prostitution-related activity.
433:
In 1984, the Attorney General of Nova Scotia applied for an injunction in the City of Halifax. The application was refused on the grounds of being
773:
238:
every person who solicits any person in a public place for the purpose of prostitution is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
96:
vicinity of these brothels such as creating a public nuisance. As in many other countries, what control there was of prostitution existed under
145:
a vagrant who: being a common prostitute or nightwalker is found in a public place and does not, when required, give a good account of herself.
774:"Constance Backhouse: Nineteenth-Century Canadian Prostitution Law: Reflection of a discriminatory society Social History 18(35) 1985 387-423"
1044:
864:
430:
as to the effect on their neighbourhood. However, the interim measure was rescinded after the enactment of new legislation in December 1985.
152:
117:
1129:
418:
263:
Residents started to campaign against sex work as a public nuisance, primarily to have it shifted out of their neighbourhoods. The 1978
121:
679:
Following a declaration by the Supreme Court in December 2013 that certain key provisions in the existing law were unconstitutional,
1527:
920:
636:
vehicle, impeded pedestrian or vehicular traffic, or interfered with the entry to a building, or stopped any person or engaged in
1532:
228:
being a common prostitute or night walker is found in a public place and does not, when required, give a good account of herself
1517:
1122:
40:
233:
was replaced by language prohibiting soliciting (communicating) for the purposes of prostitution (section 195.1), which read:
190:
47:, with leading a "life scandalous and dishonest to the public", declared her a prostitute and banished her from the walls of
1369:
541:
304:
1232:
1480:
307:. However, a 1983 Montreal by‑law forbidding the selling of any services on city streets without a permit was upheld in
314:
Agitation for change continued at the municipal level as being most directly affected by the presence of prostitution.
1457:
1227:
438:
367:
further specifying that it involved only adult prostitution, supporting the federal report's proposals on juveniles.
998:"Pornography and Prostitution in Canada - Report of the Special Committee on Pornography and Prostitution - Summary"
1217:
1153:
390:
196:
480:, a lawyer practising in family law in Montreal; Joan Wallace, a lawyer specialising in human rights, Vancouver.
398:
946:
1981 29(2): 1-11; Nancy M. Sheehan, "The WCTU on the Prairies, 1886-1930: An Alberta-Saskatchewan Comparison."
1446:
155:
vigorously opposed both saloons and prostitution, and called for woman suffrage as a tool to end those evils.
205:
Both the judiciary and the 1970 Report of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women complained about this.
1348:
1522:
1432:
1169:
1145:
749:
557:
296:
136:
125:
108:
88:
60:
56:
19:
1475:
1302:
1212:
1162:
308:
623:
545:
300:
1222:
427:
383:
Other cities saw Edmonton and Toronto as examples of allowing municipal intervention without being
44:
271:
The federal government was seen to not be proactive on this prompting some cities to take action.
1334:
801:
422:
327:
888:
997:
976:
492:
assisting women and youth in need, and funding of community groups involved with prostitution.
1470:
1439:
1383:
1341:
1272:
916:
860:
565:
101:
97:
338:
Ottawa made 33 recommendations. Many of these focused on enforcement, while others addressed
1362:
441:
upheld this in March 1985 (A.G. N.S. v. Beaver (1985), 67 N.S.R. (2d) 281, 155 A.P.R. 281).
402:
339:
1312:
700:, and when one interrupts pedestrian or vehicular traffic to perform such communications.
553:
351:
200:
831:
477:
1425:
1287:
1257:
668:
355:
281:
244:
129:
1511:
1397:
1355:
1307:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1277:
1267:
1262:
1376:
1317:
725:
680:
454:
32:
1418:
1411:
1390:
1252:
1176:
569:
385:
371:
287:
181:
after the respective clauses, and thus the prostitution prohibition as Vag C or
164:
92:
48:
36:
663:
1465:
1404:
1014:"Prostitution law comes into force on day of action on violence against women"
697:
406:
856:
Changing women, changing history: a bibliography of the history of women in …
525:
292:
462:
on conviction of a prostitution related offence involving a motor vehicle.
1183:
1114:
1018:
689:
672:
549:
537:
446:
394:
319:
272:
194:
533:
529:
458:
450:
323:
276:
128:
and against prostitution, which was condemned as a 'social evil', and '
84:
28:
889:"Manitoba History: "Give us our due!" How Manitoba Women Won the Vote"
705:
693:
561:
315:
24:
1207:
662:
641:
communicating in a public place for the purposes of prostitution
52:
1118:
1071:"Canada's new prostitution laws: Everything you need to know"
484:
for actions to alleviate public nuisance associated with it.
590:
prostitutes wishing to leave the street solicitation trade;
163:
The social purity movement became much less prominent after
83:
Canada originally inherited many of its criminal laws from
544:
were chosen as major test sites, with smaller studies in
370:
Toronto also enacted a bylaw to restrict intimate erotic
358:, including licensing, which were subsequently enacted.
322:
created task forces in 1992 while Halifax, Montreal and
610:
recommendation was also rejected as being irrational.
285:(1983) the Supreme Court found the Calgary by‑law was
107:
Once the federal government came into being following
449:
enacted this in 1999. In 2001 and 2002, Nova Scotia,
1489:
1456:
1326:
1245:
1200:
1193:
1152:
1008:
1006:
942:Judy Bedford, "Prostitution In Calgary 1905-1914".
685:
Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act
1039:
1037:
39:in 1759, although as early as August 19, 1675 the
832:"Vagrancy Act 1824 (c.83) - Statute Law Database"
222:(b) -begs from door to door or in a public place;
912:An introduction to criminal law. Parker, Graham
268:including drugs and exploitation of children.
1130:
1045:"Tory prostitution bill gets Senate approval"
8:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
112:1874, and bawdy houses regulated from 1886.
1197:
1137:
1123:
1115:
975:Robertson, James R. (September 19, 2003).
795:
793:
730:. Québec : Impr. A. Coté et cie. 1885
43:convicted Catherine Guichelin, one of the
859:. Carleton University Press. p. 61.
135:The federal Parliament enacted the first
118:Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
717:
614:Further amendments to the Criminal Code
31:. The first recorded laws dealing with
87:. The first legislation dealing with
1000:, Department of Justice Canada, 1985.
330:and, in particular, exiting schemes.
7:
59:, the laws were consolidated in the
122:National Council of Women of Canada
153:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
14:
887:Harry Gutkin and Mildred Gutkin.
812:from the original on June 3, 2008
419:British Columbia Attorney General
27:inherited its criminal laws from
189:said to contravene the current
218:Every one commits vagrancy who:
41:Sovereign Council of New France
191:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1:
1481:Red-Light District (Montreal)
1370:Love in the Time of Civil War
853:Lynn Pedersen, Diana (1996).
67:offence, this was amended to
213:No Apparent Means of Support
1228:Sex Professionals of Canada
1549:
1218:Servants Anonymous Society
683:introduced Bill C-36, the
667:Sign about Bill C-36 in a
471:Fraser Committee (1983–85)
354:, exotic entertainers and
79:Until the Second World War
17:
1528:Social history of Canada
1233:Stella, l’amie de Maimie
199:January 5, 2011, at the
1533:History of prostitution
1349:The Diary of Evelyn Lau
979:. Department of Justice
208:In 1972 section 164.1:
1518:Prostitution in Canada
1433:Some Even Fall in Love
1170:Prostitution Reference
1146:Prostitution in Canada
1099:. Government of Canada
676:
644:
580:
512:
413:Provincial initiatives
393:, Vancouver, Calgary,
241:
231:
148:
89:prostitution in Canada
57:Canadian Confederation
20:Prostitution in Canada
1476:Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
1447:Tu as crié: Let me go
1213:Ratanak International
1163:Canada (AG) v Bedford
806:Canadian Encyclopedia
666:
638:
574:
519:C-49 Review (1987-90)
506:
328:juvenile prostitution
309:Quebec Superior Court
259:Municipal initiatives
235:
210:
142:
18:Further information:
1049:The Globe & Mail
950:(1981) 6#1 pp 17-33.
808:. Historica Canada.
624:B.C. Court of Appeal
243:The new law was now
51:under threat of the
1223:Pivot Legal Society
1077:. September 9, 2014
834:. Statutelaw.gov.uk
800:Frances M. Shaver.
1075:The Globe and Mail
1051:. November 4, 2014
1022:. December 5, 2014
677:
423:B.C. Supreme Court
389:and the 1990s saw
1505:
1504:
1471:Downtown Eastside
1273:Anna-Louise Crago
1241:
1240:
915:. Methuen. 1983.
866:978-0-88629-280-5
405:following suit.
326:police addressed
130:white slave trade
102:Vagrancy Act 1824
1540:
1363:Invisible Chains
1198:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1116:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1010:
1001:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
972:
951:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
797:
788:
787:
785:
783:
778:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
754:
746:
740:
739:
737:
735:
722:
675:, September 2015
399:Sault Ste. Marie
356:massage parlours
340:crime prevention
124:campaigning for
45:King's Daughters
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1485:
1452:
1322:
1313:Bridget Perrier
1237:
1201:Interest groups
1189:
1148:
1143:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1012:
1011:
1004:
996:
992:
982:
980:
974:
973:
954:
944:Alberta History
941:
937:
927:
925:
923:
909:
908:
904:
894:
892:
886:
885:
881:
871:
869:
867:
852:
851:
847:
837:
835:
830:
829:
825:
815:
813:
799:
798:
791:
781:
779:
776:
772:
771:
767:
757:
755:
752:
748:
747:
743:
733:
731:
724:
723:
719:
714:
661:
652:
633:
616:
521:
473:
468:
439:Court of Appeal
421:applied to the
415:
381:
364:
352:escort services
348:
336:
261:
223:
221:
219:
215:
201:Wayback Machine
174:
161:
81:
22:
12:
11:
5:
1546:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1458:Neighbourhoods
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1426:She Has a Name
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1288:Raymond Gravel
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1258:Nina Arsenault
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1088:
1062:
1033:
1002:
990:
977:"Prostitution"
952:
935:
921:
902:
879:
865:
845:
823:
802:"Prostitution"
789:
765:
741:
716:
715:
713:
710:
669:massage parlor
660:
657:
651:
648:
632:
629:
615:
612:
566:Trois-Rivières
520:
517:
472:
469:
467:
464:
414:
411:
380:
377:
363:
360:
347:
344:
335:
332:
282:Westendorp v R
260:
257:
245:gender neutral
179:Vag A, B and C
173:
170:
160:
157:
80:
77:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1545:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:Law of Canada
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1398:Paying for It
1395:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1356:Gods of Youth
1353:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Cheryl Perera
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Luka Magnotta
1296:
1294:
1293:Gerald Hannon
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:Jessie Foster
1281:
1279:
1278:Natasha Falle
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:Trisha Baptie
1266:
1264:
1263:Wendy Babcock
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1194:Organizations
1192:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
991:
978:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
953:
949:
948:Prairie Forum
945:
939:
936:
924:
922:9780458953400
918:
914:
913:
906:
903:
890:
883:
880:
868:
862:
858:
857:
849:
846:
833:
827:
824:
811:
807:
803:
796:
794:
790:
775:
769:
766:
751:
745:
742:
729:
728:
721:
718:
711:
709:
707:
701:
699:
695:
691:
686:
682:
674:
670:
665:
658:
656:
649:
647:
643:
642:
637:
630:
628:
625:
620:
613:
611:
607:
604:
599:
596:
591:
588:
583:
579:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:Niagara Falls
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:prostitution
518:
516:
511:
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
479:
470:
465:
463:
460:
456:
452:
448:
442:
440:
436:
431:
429:
424:
420:
417:In 1984, the
412:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:
378:
376:
373:
368:
361:
359:
357:
353:
345:
343:
341:
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:Niagara Falls
294:
290:
289:
284:
283:
278:
274:
269:
266:
258:
256:
254:
249:
246:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
224:
216:
214:
209:
206:
203:
202:
198:
195:
192:
186:
184:
180:
171:
169:
166:
158:
156:
154:
147:
146:
141:
138:
137:Criminal Code
133:
131:
127:
126:social purity
123:
119:
113:
110:
109:Confederation
105:
103:
99:
94:
90:
86:
78:
76:
74:
73:communicating
71:in 1972, and
70:
66:
62:
61:Criminal Code
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
21:
16:
1496:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1377:Men for Sale
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1318:Nikki Thomas
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1101:. Retrieved
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1074:
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1048:
1024:. Retrieved
1017:
993:
981:. Retrieved
947:
943:
938:
926:. Retrieved
911:
905:
893:. Retrieved
882:
870:. Retrieved
855:
848:
836:. Retrieved
826:
814:. Retrieved
805:
780:. Retrieved
768:
756:. Retrieved
744:
734:November 20,
732:. Retrieved
726:
720:
702:
692:facilities,
684:
681:Peter MacKay
678:
653:
645:
640:
639:
634:
621:
617:
608:
602:
600:
594:
592:
586:
584:
581:
576:
575:
522:
513:
508:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:Andrée Ruffo
474:
455:Saskatchewan
443:
434:
432:
416:
384:
382:
369:
365:
349:
337:
313:
286:
280:
270:
264:
262:
252:
250:
242:
237:
236:
232:
227:
225:
217:
212:
211:
207:
204:
187:
183:vagrancy (c)
182:
178:
175:
162:
149:
144:
143:
134:
114:
106:
82:
72:
68:
64:
55:. Following
33:prostitution
23:
15:
1419:Sex Traffic
1412:Sexe de rue
1391:Not My Life
1253:Nelly Arcan
1177:R. v. Gowan
1103:December 6,
1081:December 6,
1055:December 6,
1026:December 6,
983:October 22,
928:October 22,
895:December 2,
891:. Mhs.mb.ca
872:October 22,
838:October 22,
816:October 22,
782:October 22,
758:October 22,
698:playgrounds
659:C-36 (2014)
650:C-15 (1988)
631:C-49 (1985)
570:Quebec City
435:ultra vires
407:Civil suits
386:ultra vires
372:lap dancing
288:ultra vires
275:(1980) and
165:World War I
93:Nova Scotia
49:Quebec City
37:Nova Scotia
1512:Categories
1466:Centre-Sud
1303:Timea Nagy
712:References
457:followed.
253:Hutt v. R.
69:soliciting
526:Vancouver
466:Inquiries
293:Vancouver
1184:R v Hutt
1019:CBC News
810:Archived
690:day care
673:Montreal
550:Winnipeg
538:Montreal
447:Manitoba
428:West End
395:Winnipeg
391:Victoria
346:Edmonton
320:Edmonton
273:Montreal
197:Archived
172:Vagrancy
120:and the
98:vagrancy
65:vagrancy
35:were in
1497:History
694:schools
542:Halifax
534:Toronto
530:Calgary
459:Ontario
451:Alberta
403:Windsor
362:Toronto
324:Toronto
305:Halifax
277:Calgary
159:Postwar
85:England
29:England
1335:Angela
1246:People
919:
863:
706:Ottawa
696:, and
562:Ottawa
554:London
546:Regina
453:, and
437:. The
334:Ottawa
316:Ottawa
301:Regina
91:was a
25:Canada
1490:Other
1440:Sugar
1384:Nelly
1342:Blood
1327:Media
1208:NASHI
777:(PDF)
753:(PDF)
379:Other
226:(c) -
1105:2014
1083:2014
1057:2014
1028:2014
985:2010
930:2010
917:ISBN
897:2010
874:2010
861:ISBN
840:2010
818:2010
784:2010
760:2010
736:2011
568:and
540:and
401:and
318:and
303:and
265:Hutt
53:whip
1405:Sex
1154:Law
671:in
603:(3)
595:(2)
587:(1)
251:In
1514::
1073:.
1047:.
1036:^
1016:.
1005:^
955:^
804:.
792:^
601:-
593:-
585:-
564:,
560:,
556:,
552:,
548:,
536:,
532:,
528:,
397:,
311:.
299:,
295:,
185:.
104:.
1138:e
1131:t
1124:v
1107:.
1085:.
1059:.
1030:.
987:.
932:.
899:.
876:.
842:.
820:.
786:.
762:.
738:.
193:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.