941:
914:
879:
851:
699:
1037:"Membership requires that the candidate country has achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and, protection of minorities, the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union. Membership presupposes the candidate's ability to take on the obligations of membership including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union."
515:
43:
841:
of 19 June 1983 as a political impetus towards a Union but not itself a binding treaty. A treaty establishing the
European Union was eventually agreed on 10 December 1991 and signed on 7 February of the following year. Denmark lost a referendum on ratification but succeeded in a second attempt after
588:, while other former communist European countries stated their firm commitment to join, prompting formulation of the Copenhagen criteria. This period was, however, also the one which witnessed the first voluntary exit from the Communities, namely the one of
1024:
As the main obstacle for the countries of the former
Eastern Bloc to participate in the European integration was removed, first of them started to express openly their aspirations to join the Communities. In response leaders gathered in
580:. Greece was the next to join EC on 1 January 1981, followed by Spain and Portugal joining on 1 January 1986, while Turkey has initiated the procedure in 1987. Upon the fall of the Iron Curtain, the CSCE was transformed in 1990 into
972:
Greece, already an associate member (the first) since 1961, applied to join the community on 12 June 1975 following the restoration of democracy. It joined on 1 January 1981. In 1985, after gaining home rule from
Denmark,
1188:
745:
Parliament pressured for agreement and on 20 September 1976 the
Council agreed part of the necessary instruments for election, deferring details on electoral systems which remain varied to this day. During the tenure of
2873:
807:. There had previously been plans to create a more integrated body and, spurred on by enlargement, various groups put forward plans. Building on the legitimacy of its elections, in 1984 the Parliament produced the
2878:
2293:
1253:
978:
2883:
1692:
496:
2561:
2288:
2766:
1801:
543:
772:
The new
Parliament, galvanised by direct election and new powers, started working full-time and became more active than the previous assemblies. The elections also helped cement the
800:
respectively. In a single document it dealt with reform of institutions, extension of powers, foreign policy cooperation and the single market. It came into force on 1 July 1987.
2600:
2448:
1598:
1192:
784:) the electorate expanded to include new member states and the left wing parties saw increasing electoral gains. However, turnout began to drop from 63% in 1979 to 58% in 1989.
2278:
1014:
581:
172:
162:
1352:
1347:
981:. Following on from Greece, and after their own democratic restoration, Spain and Portugal applied to the communities in 1977. They joined together on 1 January 1986. In 1987
69:
64:
2129:
1953:
2500:
2459:
2413:
1006:
679:
577:
480:
1796:
1302:
1362:
79:
1858:
776:
and, despite attempts by the larger groups to consolidate their position, smaller parties began to co-operate and form alliances. In the subsequent elections (
2242:
1711:
1550:
1545:
1540:
2761:
2377:
1774:
773:
536:
2571:
2283:
2257:
2156:
1654:
766:
2893:
1853:
1747:
2610:
2532:
1367:
1113:
671:' Commission, serving from 1985 to 1994, is regarded as the most successful in history, becoming a frequent source of comparison to his successors.
84:
2782:
2637:
2551:
576:
became the first countries to join the
Communities. The détente allowed initiation of the reunification of the continent through establishing the
2943:
2429:
2161:
2074:
1918:
1883:
1752:
1684:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1509:
1342:
529:
501:
23:
2855:
2826:
2711:
2605:
2408:
1757:
1679:
1649:
1500:
1172:
2751:
2706:
2620:
2168:
1848:
1762:
1742:
1659:
1419:
838:
755:
674:
Delors presided over accession of Spain and
Portugal, the fall of Communism with the reunification of Germany in 1990, the adoption of the
1241:
1217:
1205:
2863:
2821:
2566:
2266:
2139:
2035:
1337:
1295:
812:
59:
2731:
2471:
2466:
2203:
1720:
1674:
1644:
1585:
1477:
1384:
1329:
751:
714:
182:
52:
2868:
2756:
2483:
2434:
2183:
2097:
2069:
1831:
1527:
1424:
781:
777:
488:
115:
2476:
2232:
2173:
2092:
1979:
1923:
1767:
1455:
139:
2816:
2721:
2701:
2439:
1664:
1639:
1627:
1057:
855:
710:
1229:
2831:
2746:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2625:
2615:
2593:
2493:
2307:
2198:
2193:
2134:
2051:
1893:
1288:
739:
221:
2908:
2841:
2811:
2674:
2647:
2488:
2215:
2149:
2102:
2002:
1791:
1784:
1320:
728:
32:
815:, was adopted by the Parliament 237 votes to 31 (43 abstentions). It would have given a more federal structure using the
731:
to agree on a common voting system first. The
Council procrastinated on the issue and the Parliament remained appointed,
2669:
2556:
2515:
2227:
2007:
1492:
1093:
2836:
2741:
2588:
2520:
2178:
1482:
1437:
1164:
1072:
151:
127:
940:
913:
878:
2546:
2382:
2144:
1948:
2801:
2423:
2237:
1940:
1888:
1697:
1603:
1535:
623:
850:
2454:
1992:
1987:
1779:
1392:
1121:
447:
203:
698:
2917:
2696:
2583:
635:
377:
1029:
on 22 June 1993 to define entry conditions for candidate states. These criteria were later included in the
2806:
2652:
2541:
2510:
2444:
2387:
1818:
1397:
831:
819:
and codecision with the parliament, however it failed to win the support of the member states. (See also:
230:
193:
2922:
2527:
2347:
1913:
1469:
519:
1161:
Democratizing the
European Union: issues for the twenty-first century (Perspectives on Democratization)
985:
formally applied to join the
Community and had begun the longest application process for any country.
2726:
2392:
2332:
2322:
2188:
2124:
2012:
1555:
1407:
1067:
1018:
585:
327:
104:
738:
was particularly active in blocking the development of the Parliament, preventing it from acquiring
2888:
2716:
2657:
2576:
2367:
2352:
1863:
1843:
1737:
1608:
1010:
994:
803:
The act was influenced by work on what would be the Maastricht Treaty, the Treaty establishing the
724:
569:
475:
357:
347:
318:
280:
260:
2736:
2337:
2116:
2030:
1442:
683:
437:
427:
1669:
1168:
1030:
834:
793:
735:
663:
651:
619:
593:
470:
407:
397:
367:
270:
1005:
and the ensuing détente led in 1975 to establishment of a first truly pan-European body, the
2664:
2342:
1826:
1593:
816:
808:
732:
720:
643:
417:
387:
300:
862:
during the Cold War. The EC would enlarge to include most of the members of the latter two.
2372:
1097:
792:
The Single European Act was signed by the foreign ministers on 17 and 28 February 1986 in
2357:
1311:
905:
820:
811:
plan. The draft treaty establishing a European Union, which was inspired by the failed
804:
668:
597:
573:
337:
290:
240:
1274:
1270:
1141:
2937:
2418:
1047:
687:
675:
647:
250:
1905:
626:
assumed its office in the newly enlarged European Communities on 5 January 1973.
1836:
1729:
1062:
759:
747:
702:
639:
2327:
1928:
1026:
1001:
1090:
2795:
1875:
1806:
974:
827:
797:
589:
42:
1280:
826:
Similar proposals from the Commission collapsed due to arguments over the
2505:
2362:
2247:
1052:
959:
2271:
901:
897:
859:
842:
securing four opt-outs. The Treaty came into force on 1 November 1993.
634:
The first Commission to be led by a member from the new states was the
565:
1613:
982:
932:
763:
750:, in June 1979, the elections were held in all the then-members. 410
678:, the Single European Act, the Maastricht Treaty, the beginnings of
963:
849:
697:
564:
saw the first enlargement of the Communities. On 1 January 1973,
2252:
1284:
642:
who held office between 1977 and 1981. Following on was the
754:
were elected and at their first meeting they elected a new
1017:, while the Communities expanded once more as a result of
977:
left the community following a referendum but remained an
2430:
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters
1275:
the changing face of Europe – the fall of the Berlin Wall
584:, the Communities enlarged for a fourth time through the
837:
in 1984) and a German-Italian proposal resulted in the
1420:
International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)
1108:
1106:
1478:
European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)
1015:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
727:
must be directly elected, however this required the
582:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
173:
Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters
2854:
2781:
2636:
2401:
2315:
2306:
2214:
2115:
2083:
2060:
2044:
2021:
1968:
1939:
1904:
1874:
1817:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1626:
1584:
1526:
1510:
European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–
1491:
1468:
1425:
European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
1406:
1383:
1376:
1328:
1319:
1013:, the CSCE was transformed in 1990 into the modern
769:who was the first woman to be elected to the post.
1501:European Financial Stability Facility (2010–
705:, elected the first female President of Parliament
1033:. The following is an excerpt from the criteria;
1007:Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
578:Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
1254:Conclusions from the Copenhagen European Council
2874:Largest cities by population within city limits
1035:
1242:The Accession Treaties with Spain and Portugal
592:in 1985. The integration progressed under the
1483:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)
1438:European Economic Community (1958–1993)
1296:
537:
8:
1456:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)
1159:Hoskyns, Catherine; Newman, Michael (2000).
1114:"The provisions of the Single European Act"
2787:
2312:
2220:
2157:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
1725:
1716:
1632:
1412:
1380:
1325:
1303:
1289:
1281:
1091:THE NEW COMMISSION - SOME INITIAL THOUGHTS
544:
530:
17:
1271:A growing community – more countries join
1154:
1152:
1150:
686:(19 June 1990) and the completion of the
2611:European Structural and Investment Funds
2533:European System of Financial Supervision
1398:Western European Union (1954–2011)
1083:
31:
20:
2075:European Economic and Social Committee
1884:Court of Justice of the European Union
1408:European Communities (1967–2009)
646:, which oversaw the completion of the
2712:Stabilisation and Association Process
2409:Area of freedom, security and justice
7:
2707:European Union Association Agreement
1443:European Community (1993–2009)
1189:"European Parliament press releases"
839:Solemn Declaration on European Union
756:President of the European Parliament
2036:European Data Protection Supervisor
1338:Ideas of European unity before 1948
1218:The European Commission's proposals
1206:The European Parliament's proposals
2732:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus
2472:Common Security and Defence Policy
2467:Common Foreign and Security Policy
1191:. 19 February 2014. Archived from
715:European Parliament election, 1979
183:Common Foreign and Security Policy
14:
2501:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
2098:European Union Military Committee
2070:European Committee of the Regions
1269:Source of majority of the dates:
742:until his departure from office.
596:resulting in the creation of the
116:European Coal and Steel Community
2477:Permanent Structured Cooperation
2093:Political and Security Committee
1980:European Atomic Energy Community
1230:The accession treaty with Greece
939:
912:
877:
513:
140:European Atomic Energy Community
41:
2879:National parties by affiliation
2722:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
2702:Economic Partnership Agreements
1393:Western Union (1948–1954)
856:European Free Trade Association
711:Elections in the European Union
2884:Presidents of the institutions
2680:European Higher Education Area
2258:International status and usage
2052:Agencies of the European Union
1785:European political foundations
854:The Communities alongside the
481:History of defence integration
1:
2944:History of the European Union
2675:European Common Aviation Area
2130:Charter of Fundamental Rights
2103:European Union Military Staff
2003:European University Institute
1792:Council of the European Union
2670:European Political Community
2516:European Banking Supervision
2008:European Stability Mechanism
1011:the fall of the Iron Curtain
813:European Political Community
650:and then 1985 saw the first
2742:Union for the Mediterranean
2521:Single Resolution Mechanism
2460:Vehicle registration plates
2414:Migration and asylum policy
2393:Potential superpower status
1165:Manchester University Press
1142:The fall of the Berlin Wall
1073:European Economic Community
128:European Economic Community
2960:
2685:EU/ESA Framework Agreement
2383:Differentiated integration
1949:European Court of Auditors
1780:European political parties
992:
708:
661:
2902:
2802:House of European History
2790:
2424:European Judicial Network
2294:Health expense per person
2223:
1941:Supreme audit institution
1635:
1451:
1433:
1415:
956: new members in 1986
929: new members in 1981
894: new members in 1973
870:1973–1986 EC enlargements
846:Expansion and contraction
520:European Union portal
1993:European Investment Fund
1988:European Investment Bank
1122:Université du Luxembourg
448:Von der Leyen Commission
163:Justice and Home Affairs
2697:European Peace Facility
1924:System of Central Banks
989:End of the Eastern Bloc
2807:2012 Nobel Peace Prize
2653:European Economic Area
2511:European banking union
2388:Privileged partnership
2243:Government procurement
1039:
950: existing members
923: existing members
888: existing members
863:
832:British Prime Minister
706:
624:François-Xavier Ortoli
489:History of enlargement
194:Western European Union
2752:Free trade agreements
2594:Health Insurance Card
2528:Capital Markets Union
2378:Democratic legitimacy
2348:Optimum currency area
2169:Legislative procedure
1914:European Central Bank
853:
709:Further information:
701:
682:, the signing of the
2864:Books on the subject
2727:EU Gateway Programme
2690:EU/ESA Space Council
2648:Neighbourhood Policy
2606:Regional development
2572:Environmental policy
2562:Educational policies
2489:Neighbourhood Policy
2333:Intergovernmentalism
2323:European integration
2238:Community preference
2189:Enhanced cooperation
2174:Citizens' Initiative
2013:Unified Patent Court
1864:Directorates-General
1655:Environmental issues
1195:on 19 February 2014.
1068:Common European Home
1019:German reunification
723:had stated that the
586:German reunification
562:European Communities
328:Hallstein Commission
105:European Communities
2889:Terrorist incidents
2717:Eastern Partnership
2658:EEA Joint Committee
2577:European Green Deal
2547:Agricultural policy
2353:Supranational union
1844:European Commission
1802:General Secretariat
1738:European Parliament
1693:Special territories
1493:Financial stability
995:Copenhagen criteria
725:European Parliament
476:History of the euro
358:Mansholt Commission
348:Malfatti Commission
281:Treaty of Amsterdam
261:Single European Act
2737:Northern Dimension
2484:Enlargement Policy
2426:(criminal matters)
2338:Multi-speed Europe
2031:European Ombudsman
1687:(first-level NUTS)
1670:Larger urban zones
1096:2006-09-23 at the
1009:(CSCE). Following
979:overseas territory
864:
707:
684:Schengen Agreement
636:Jenkins Commission
630:Jenkins Commission
497:List of presidents
438:Juncker Commission
428:Barroso Commission
378:Jenkins Commission
152:European Community
2931:
2930:
2850:
2849:
2837:Telephone numbers
2777:
2776:
2552:Cultural policies
2302:
2301:
2289:Unemployment rate
2111:
2110:
1971:international-law
1964:
1963:
1954:Secretary-General
1706:
1705:
1665:Geographic centre
1622:
1621:
1522:
1521:
1464:
1463:
1174:978-0-7190-5666-6
1031:Maastricht Treaty
835:Margaret Thatcher
788:Intergovernmental
748:President Jenkins
736:Charles de Gaulle
664:Delors Commission
652:Delors Commission
620:Ortoli Commission
614:Ortoli Commission
594:Delors Commission
554:
553:
471:History of Europe
456:
455:
408:Santer Commission
398:Delors Commission
368:Ortoli Commission
309:
308:
271:Maastricht Treaty
212:
211:
2951:
2911:
2788:
2665:Energy Community
2584:Fisheries policy
2343:Neofunctionalism
2313:
2221:
2163:Official Journal
2150:Citizens' Rights
1889:Court of Justice
1827:European Council
1775:Political groups
1726:
1717:
1688:
1633:
1413:
1381:
1326:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1282:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1110:
1101:
1088:
955:
949:
943:
928:
922:
916:
893:
887:
881:
817:community method
774:political groups
740:budgetary powers
733:French President
721:Treaties of Rome
644:Thorn Commission
546:
539:
532:
518:
517:
516:
502:List of founders
418:Prodi Commission
388:Thorn Commission
324:
323:
301:Treaty of Lisbon
227:
226:
101:
100:
45:
18:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2914:
2907:
2898:
2846:
2827:Public holidays
2773:
2747:Global Strategy
2639:
2632:
2601:Labour mobility
2494:Global Strategy
2455:Driving licence
2397:
2373:Pro-Europeanism
2298:
2210:
2135:Competition law
2107:
2085:
2079:
2062:
2056:
2040:
2023:
2017:
1972:
1970:
1960:
1935:
1900:
1870:
1854:Vice-Presidents
1813:
1748:Vice-Presidents
1702:
1686:
1680:Protected areas
1650:External border
1618:
1580:
1518:
1487:
1460:
1447:
1429:
1402:
1372:
1363:1993–2004
1358:1973–1993
1353:1958–1972
1348:1948–1957
1315:
1309:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1098:Wayback Machine
1089:
1085:
1081:
1044:
997:
991:
970:
969:
968:
967:
966:
962:
958:
957:
953:
951:
947:
944:
936:
935:
931:
930:
926:
924:
920:
917:
909:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:
891:
889:
885:
882:
873:
872:
848:
790:
717:
696:
666:
660:
632:
616:
611:
606:
550:
514:
512:
507:
506:
493:
466:
458:
457:
321:
311:
310:
231:Treaty of Paris
224:
214:
213:
98:
90:
89:
55:
34:
27:
12:
11:
5:
2957:
2955:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2913:
2912:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2812:Laissez-passer
2809:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2762:Current agenda
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2621:Sport policies
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2416:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Federalisation
2365:
2360:
2358:Euroscepticism
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
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2616:Space policy
2284:Average wage
2279:Minimum wage
2162:
1906:Central bank
1721:Institutions
1645:Demographics
1528:Enlargements
1511:
1502:
1470:Central bank
1377:Predecessors
1357:
1268:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1193:the original
1183:
1160:
1137:
1126:. Retrieved
1124:. 2016-08-07
1117:
1086:
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1023:
1000:
998:
971:
869:
830:(secured by
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633:
617:
561:
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555:
150:
138:
126:
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97:Organisation
85:2004–present
74:
15:
2894:Urban areas
2757:Enlargement
2435:Citizenship
2184:LGBT rights
2022:Independent
1837:Euro summit
1753:Secretariat
1730:Legislature
1586:Withdrawals
1063:Berlin Wall
760:Simone Veil
703:Simone Veil
640:Roy Jenkins
319:Commissions
208:(1948–1954)
198:(1954–2011)
188:(1993–2009)
177:(2003–2009)
167:(1993–2003)
157:(1993–2009)
133:(1958–1993)
121:(1952–2002)
109:(1958–2009)
2869:Directives
2767:Statistics
2589:Healthcare
2328:Eurosphere
2233:Currencies
2204:Withdrawal
2179:Regulation
1984:EIB Group
1929:Eurosystem
1797:Presidency
1758:Committees
1698:Statistics
1368:Since 2004
1128:2024-07-23
1079:References
1058:Solidarity
1027:Copenhagen
1002:Ostpolitik
794:Luxembourg
694:Parliament
658:Delors era
609:Commission
572:, and the
2817:Languages
2796:Douzelage
2640:relations
2440:passports
2363:Euromyths
2267:Transport
2145:Directive
1973:EU bodies
1919:President
1876:Judiciary
1849:President
1832:President
1819:Executive
1807:Eurogroup
1763:Elections
1743:President
1640:Geography
1628:Geography
1144:Europa.eu
975:Greenland
828:UK rebate
798:The Hague
600:in 1993.
590:Greenland
80:1993–2004
75:1973–1993
70:1958–1972
65:1948–1957
2938:Category
2918:Category
2832:Religion
2638:Foreign
2626:VAT Area
2506:Eurozone
2402:Policies
2316:Concepts
2308:Politics
2248:Eurozone
2199:opt-outs
2194:Treaties
2084:Military
2061:Advisory
2045:Agencies
1685:Regions
1343:Founders
1330:Timeline
1094:Archived
1053:Concorde
1042:See also
960:Portugal
809:Spinelli
604:Politics
556:Between
222:Treaties
53:Timeline
24:a series
22:Part of
2909:Outline
2842:Symbols
2783:Culture
2272:TRACECA
2216:Economy
2024:offices
1321:History
1263:Sources
1256:CVCE.eu
1244:CVCE.eu
1232:CVCE.eu
1220:CVCE.eu
1208:CVCE.eu
1118:CVCE.EU
902:Ireland
898:Denmark
860:Comecon
767:liberal
729:Council
570:Ireland
566:Denmark
2923:Portal
2228:Budget
2125:Acquis
2086:bodies
2063:bodies
1712:Bodies
1171:
983:Turkey
954:
948:
933:Greece
927:
921:
892:
886:
764:French
622:under
465:Topics
185:pillar
26:on the
2856:Lists
1969:Other
964:Spain
2449:list
2253:Euro
1614:2020
1609:2012
1604:1985
1599:1984
1594:1962
1576:2013
1571:2007
1566:2004
1561:1995
1556:1990
1551:1986
1546:1981
1541:1973
1536:1954
1512:2012
1503:2012
1273:and
1169:ISBN
999:The
858:and
796:and
782:1989
780:and
778:1984
762:, a
752:MEPs
719:The
713:and
618:The
560:the
452:2019
442:2014
432:2004
422:1999
412:1994
402:1985
392:1981
382:1977
372:1973
362:1972
352:1970
342:1967
332:1958
305:2007
295:2001
285:1997
275:1992
265:1986
255:1965
245:1957
235:1951
2117:Law
680:EMU
2940::
1167:.
1149:^
1120:.
1116:.
1105:^
1021:.
823:)
758:;
690:.
654:.
568:,
2451:)
2447:(
1514:)
1505:)
1304:e
1297:t
1290:v
1177:.
1131:.
545:e
538:t
531:v
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