477:
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633:
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1208:, preservation of the palace was largely in the hands of the citizens of Versailles. In October 1790, Louis XVI ordered the palace to be emptied of its furniture, requesting that most be sent to the Tuileries Palace. In response to the order, the mayor of Versailles and the municipal council met to draft a letter to Louis XVI in which they stated that if the furniture was removed, it would certainly precipitate economic ruin on the city. A deputation from Versailles met with the King on 12 October after which Louis XVI, touched by the sentiments of the residents of Versailles, rescinded the order.
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1228:, interior minister, proposed that the furnishings of the palace and those of the residences in Versailles that had been abandoned be sold and that the palace be either sold or rented. The sale of furniture transpired at auctions held between 23 August 1793 and 30 nivĂ´se an III (19 January 1795). Only items of particular artistic or intellectual merit were exempt from the sale. These items were consigned to be part of the collection of a museum, which had been planned at the time of the sale of the palace furnishings.
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27:
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621:, the third building campaign at Versailles began (1678–1684). The court had grown during the 1670s as Louis XIV re-shaped his relationship with the high aristocracy. To enjoy his favor it became indispensable to attend Louis wherever he went, placing a strain on the existing accommodation for courtiers at Versailles. The royal family had also grown sizeably, augmented by the legitimization of Louis' five children by his mistress
738:, the main approach to Versailles from Paris. Far from being simply utilitarian, Hardouin-Mansart designed two Neoclassical buildings of equal size and grandeur, capable of housing thousands of horses and the nearly 1,500 men employed in the household department of the Royal Stables. The "Grand" Stable housed the King's hunting horses and hounds, while the "Petit" Stable contained the King's carriages and other transport.
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the exhibition present it as follow: "It is the city aspect that underlies this entire venture. In recent years, many a cultural institution has attempted a confrontation between a heritage setting and contemporary works. The originality of this exhibition seems to us somewhat different, as regards both the chosen venue and the way it has been laid out. Echo, dialectic, opposition, counterpoint... Not for us to judge!"
19:
1797:(1980). At this time, the ground floor of the northern wing was converted into a gallery of French history from the 17th century to the 19th century. Additionally, at this time, policy was established in which the French government would aggressively seek to acquire as much of original furniture and artwork that had been dispersed at the time of the Revolution of 1789 as possible.
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809:, a daily ritual in which the King and Queen ate their midday meal together in view of the court. Another antechamber just east of the new dining room was then converted into a replacement guard room. After the death of the Queen in 1683, one of the rooms from her Grand Apartment, between the south and west facades, was transformed into the
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Gatin 1908. With the withdrawal of the King and the court from
Versailles, many of those who had been employed either through a member of the royal family or by the court, followed the court and king to Paris. As a result, the population of Versailles fell from 80,000 to less than 25,000 in the weeks
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Versailles exhibition, held from 9 October 2008 to 4 January 2009. Jeff Koons said that "I hope the juxtaposition of today's surfaces, represented by my work, with the architecture and fine arts of
Versailles will be an exciting interaction for the viewer." Elena Geuna and Laurent Le Bon, curators of
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Owing largely to political vicissitudes that occurred in France during the 1790s, Versailles succumbed to further degradations. Mirrors were assigned by the finance ministry for payment of debts of the
Republic and draperies, upholstery, and fringes were confiscated and sent to the mint to recoup the
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is that the rooms of both apartments are of the same configuration and dimensions – a hitherto unprecedented feature in French palace design. It has been suggested that this parallel configuration was intentional as Louis XIV had intended to establish Maria
Theresa as queen of Spain, and thus thereby
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on the far western end, flanked by secondary wings on the north and south sides, and closed off by an entrance screen. Adjacent exterior towers were located at the four corners, with the entire structure surrounded by a moat. This was preceded by two service wings, creating a forecourt with a grilled
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because it housed the
Princes of the Blood, was the first to be built in 1679. The South Wing is 176 yards long (528 feet), and was built with three interior courtyards capable of housing servants and aristocrats in addition to the Princes of the Blood, who were given luxurious apartments behind the
1696:. To achieve these two goals, Nolhac removed rooms, took down the artworks and gave the rooms some historical scenery. He explained in his memoirs, for example that "the first room sacrificed was that of the kings of France which had walls lined with effigies, real and imaginary, of our kings since
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was strengthened by the poor condition of the cast bronze support for the massive skylight over the staircase, which under Louis XIV had been an experimental wonder which allowed for an unprecedented span of the glass. By the 1750s this structure had seriously weakened, necessitating the removal of
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The third phase saw the re-configuration of major parts of the Grand
Apartments of both the King and the Queen. Louis XIV ceased to inhabit the rooms of his Grand Apartment, the salons of which were instead used for purposes of state and ceremony. Between the new Hall of Mirrors to the west and the
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arrived at the Palace of
Versailles in 1887 and was appointed curator of the museum 18 November 1892. Upon his arrival, he planned to re-introduce historical galleries, organized scientifically, in contrast to the approach of Louis-Philippe, who had created the first galleries in a manner aimed at
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with strong political connections, as bibliographer of the museum. With the abandonment of the palace, there remained no less than 104 libraries which contained in excess of 200,000 printed volumes and manuscripts. Lagarde, with his political connections and his association with Dumont, became the
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were added above those already constructed by Louis XV, reaching six stories high. Louis XVI was known to walk on the roof and enjoy the commanding views, sometimes sitting with a telescope to peer at the courtiers milling around in the forecourts beneath him. These additional floors, which loomed
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Pierre de Nolhac resigned his long held position as
Curator of Versailles in 1920; his colleague André Pératé assumed the head role and oversaw the palace for the next 13 years. By the early 1920s, years of accumulating neglect had taken a serious toll on the physical condition of the palace and
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invited architects to submit designs for the "Grand
Project", the goal being to harmonize the new Neoclassical Gabriel wing with the antiquated Louis XIII style of the southern wing and the original hunting lodge façade on the Marble Court. Ultimately, the advent of the debt crisis in the French
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of the government, Louis had declared that he would be his own chief minister. The idea of establishing the court at
Versailles was conceived to ensure that all of his advisors and provincial rulers would be kept close to him. He feared that they would rise up against him and start a revolt and
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Rockefeller maintained a say into how the money was allocated by establishing the Franco-American Committee for the Restoration of Monuments, which had final approval over the restoration program. Its members were chosen by Rockefeller and appointed by Poincaré. Rockefeller's philanthropy also
805:) preceding the King's bedchamber, followed by the Grand Salon at the center of the west façade. The Queen continued to inhabit her own Grand Apartment, albeit with some modifications. In 1680 the Salon of Mars which had served as the Queen's guard-room was converted into a dining room for the
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donated $ 2,166,000 towards the restoration of Versailles (roughly $ 30 million in 2014 USD). The money supported the repair of the palace roof, replacing the original slate with more durable lead. Repairs to the masonry and to the exterior woodwork were also undertaken and the Orangerie, the
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without having embezzled from the crown – Louis, after the confiscation of Fouquet's estate, employed the talents of Le Vau, Le Nôtre, and Le Brun, who all had worked on Vaux-le-Vicomte, for his building campaigns at Versailles and elsewhere. For Versailles, there were four distinct building
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for the public good. Following this decree, the palace became a repository for art work seized from churches and princely homes. As a result of Versailles serving as a repository for confiscated art works, collections were amassed that eventually became part of the proposed museum.
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Fabian Opperman (2012). "Le Remeublement du Chateau de Versailles Au XXe Siècle: Entre action scientifique et manoeuvre politiques". Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes Vol. 170, No. 1, VERSAILLES: DE LA RÉSIDENCE AU MUSÉE: Espaces, usages & institutions XVIIe–XXe siècle: 209.
1279:. Upon assuming his administrative duties, Dumont was struck with the deplorable state into which the palace and gardens had sunk. He quickly assumed administrative duties of the palace and assembled a team of conservators to oversee the various collections of the museum.
1045:, began to remodel the courtyard façades of the palace. With the objective revetting the entrance of the palace with classical façades, Louis XV began a project that was continued during the reign of Louis XVI, but which did not see completion until the 20th century.
1841:(1794–1862) and completed in 1836, was restored in 2009. On April 27, 2009, the statue, having previously been situated in the courtyard (Cour d'Honneur), was placed outside the gates on the Place d'Armes (intersection of Avenue Rockefeller and Avenue de Paris).
695:. The Orangerie required excavating the hillside descending south from the palace, which allowed the construction of a 500 foot long arcaded gallery with shorter wings extending at right angles, buttressed against the hill above. This cost roughly 1.1 million
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on 18 January 1871, before a crowd of officers and German princes. The symbolism of an enemy Prussian being crowned at Versailles, in a room whose ceiling depicts Louis XIV's victories against the Germans, was a source of bitter humiliation for the French.
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west façade overlooking the gardens. In 1684 construction commenced on the North Wing, which would house members of the high aristocracy; between the two new wings 175 new lodgings were created. Both wings replicated the Italianate façade of Le Vau's
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1075:, since many of the century-old trees had died. Only a few changes to Le NĂ´tre's design were made: some bosquets were removed, others altered, including the Bains d'Apollon (north of the Parterre de Latone), which was redone after a design by
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During the reign of Louis XV, Versailles underwent transformation but not on the scale that had been seen during his predecessor's reign. When Louis XV and the court returned to Versailles in 1722, the first project was the completion of the
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has enthusiastically promoted the museum as one of France's foremost tourist attractions. The palace, however, still serves political functions. Heads of state are regaled in the Hall of Mirrors; the Senate and the National Assembly meet in
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430:, which ended the War of Devolution. During this campaign, the château began to assume some of the appearance that it has today. The most important modification of the château was Le Vau's envelope of Louis XIII's hunting lodge. The
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and the main roofline of the palace, were intended to be temporary pending the long-awaited Grand Project. They were demolished in the 19th century in order to restore the appearance of the façade as it existed under Louis XIV.
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deity. The decoration of the rooms, which was conducted under Le Brun's direction depicted the "heroic actions of the king" and were represented in allegorical form by the actions of historical figures from the antique past
227:, had a great interest in Versailles. He settled on the royal hunting lodge at Versailles, and over the following decades had it expanded into one of the largest palaces in the world. Beginning in 1661, the architect
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accordingly declared that all possessions of the royal family had been abandoned. To safeguard the palace, the assembly ordered the palace of Versailles to be sealed. On 20 October 1792 a letter was read before the
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enclosing the Marble and Royal Courts, known as the "Grand Project". In 1780 Louis XVI completed the Gabriel Wing reconstruction begun by his grandfather, and he had plans to extend the rebuilding. In 1779, the
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galvanized the National Assembly into increasing funding for the upkeep of Versailles. In 1924 it budgeted 4 million francs annually for the Palace of Versailles, which was increased to 5 million in 1932.
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was built on the site of the old village church of Versailles, St. Julien, east of the new South Wing of the palace, between 1682 and 1684. An enormous rectangle arranged around a central courtyard, the
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L'Empereur visite les départements : en conséquence, des palais impériaux sont établis aux quatre points principaux de l'Empire. – Ces palais sont désignés et leurs dépendances déterminées par une
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an irresistible combination of marriage market, employment agency and entertainment capital of aristocratic Europe, boasting the best theater, opera, music, gambling, sex and (most important) hunting.
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that Louis established, which overwhelmed his heirs with its petty boredom, was epitomised in the elaborate ceremonies and exacting procedures that accompanied his rising in the morning, known as the
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By moving his court and government to Versailles, Louis XIV hoped to extract more control of the government from the nobility and to distance himself from the population of Paris. All the power of
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should remain in the Opera, while a new assembly room was commissioned to house the National Assembly. It was designed by Edmond de Joly and built within the central court of the South Wing. The
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an II (5 May 1794) the Convention decreed that the palace and gardens of Versailles, as well as other former royal residences in the environs, would not be sold but placed under the care of the
874:. With the completion of the chapel in 1710, virtually all construction at Versailles ceased; building would not be resumed at Versailles until some twenty one years later during the reign of
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to distinguish it from the older structure of Louis XIII – enclosed the hunting lodge on the north, west, and south. For a time between late 1668 and early 1669, when the ground floor of the
261:, and all the attendant functionaries of court. By requiring that nobles of a certain rank and position spend time each year at Versailles, Louis prevented them from developing their own
762:, showcasing the very best in French decorative arts and craftmanship. The most extravagant ornaments were those made from solid silver at the Gobelins, to the cost of some 10 million
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evacuated Paris for Versailles. The deputies slept in the Hall of Mirrors and held their sessions in the Royal Opera house. For warmth, they burnt wood paneling that was in storage.
1490:, the château underwent irreversible alterations. The museum was officially inaugurated on 10 June 1837 as part of the festivities that surrounded the marriage of the Prince royal,
442:
was being constructed, Louis XIV intended to completely demolish his father's palace and replace it with a monumental forecourt. Le Vau's design imagined a large extension of the
1417:
saw little activity at Versailles. Areas of the gardens were replanted but no significant restoration and modifications of the interiors were undertaken, despite the fact that
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1022:(Ambassadors' Stair), the only fitting approach to the State Apartments, which Louis XV undertook to make way for apartments for his daughters. The case for removing the
93:
During this period, the village of Versailles centred on a small castle and church, and the area was governed by a local lord. Its location on the road from Paris to
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westwards, enabling huge galleries and staircases to be built. In June 1669 Louis XIV decided to keep his father's hunting lodge, so the architectural plans for the
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entrance marked by two round towers. The vignette also shows a garden on the western side of the château with a fountain on the central axis and rectangular planted
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1726:, gave 25,000 francs for restructuring the 18th-century rooms. The development of private donations led to the creation of the Friends of Versailles in June 1907.
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campaigns (after minor alterations and enlargements had been executed on the château and the gardens in 1662–1663), all of which corresponded to Louis XIV's wars.
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began a detailed renovation and expansion of the château. This was done to fulfill Louis XIV's desire to establish a new centre for the royal court. Following the
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on several hunting trips in the forests surrounding Versailles. Pleased with the location, Louis ordered the construction of a hunting lodge in 1624. Designed by
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at the expense of his own and kept them from countering his efforts to centralise the French government in an absolute monarchy. The meticulous and strict court
844:, Louis XIV undertook his last building campaign at Versailles. The fourth building campaign (1699–1710) concentrated almost exclusively on construction of the
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of the new additions of the palace, but also collaborated with Le NĂ´tre's in landscaping the palace gardens. As symbol of France's new prominence as a European
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driving force behind Versailles as a museum at this time. Lagarde was able to assemble a team of curators including sieur de Fayolle for natural history and,
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To compound the shortage of money, Louis XVI channeled significant financial resources into other properties, including the purchase and renovation of the
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pursuant to the decree of 7 frimaire an VIII (28 November 1799), which commandeered part of the palace and which had wounded soldiers being housed in the
1957:
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1621:. The Hall of Mirrors and the ground floor galleries were turned into a field hospital for injured German soldiers. It was in the Hall of Mirrors that
870:. The neighboring Grand Salon was then converted into the new bedchamber of the king, which now sat squarely at the center of the west façade over the
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described an air of "magnificence and negligence" when he visited, while royal architects warned of the dangerous condition of outbuildings like the
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which had once belonged to his father in the old château. To create a suitably sumptuous approach, the rooms behind the south façade overlooking the
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were placed on display. The museum, which included the sculptures in the garden, became the finest museum of classic French art that had existed.
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1785:, chief conservator of the museum from 1952 to 1980, the palace witnessed some of its most ambitious conservation and restoration projects: the
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throughout the 1780s. This left scant resources available to devote towards the long-nurtured dream of rebuilding the Paris-facing wings of the
1932:
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386:. The first building campaign (1664–1668) involved alterations in the château and gardens to accommodate the 600 guests invited to the party.
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1701:
957:. His time at Versailles was used to observe and study the palace and gardens, which he later used as a source of inspiration when he built
125:
1713:
526:
1495:
54:, some 20 kilometres southwest of the French capital. The court of Versailles was the centre of political power in France from 1682, when
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1716:, arrived at Versailles. Nolhac also organized events aimed at raising the awareness of potential donors to the palace. The owner of the
83:
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partitioned from the public area by a solid silver balustrade. The Grand Apartments were furnished sumptuously with objects from the
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was reserved for private rooms for the king to the north and rooms for the King's children above the Queen's apartment to the south.
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1617:. During the Franco-Prussian War, the town of Versailles was occupied by invading German troops and became the headquarters of the
1582:, the museum remained essentially intact. The palace did serve as the backdrop for a number of state events including the visit by
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163:, the structure, a small château, was constructed of stone and red brick, with a based roof. Eight years later, Louis obtained the
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768:. There were 167 such objects on display between the Hall of Mirrors and the Grand Apartment in 1687, ranging from candelabras,
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Hardouin-Mansart designed two new monumental wings to address Versailles's accommodation problems: the South Wing, known as the
644:, the Palace of Versailles acquired much of the look that it has today during the 1680s. Le Brun was occupied not only with the
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had played and hunted at the site as a boy. With a few modifications, this structure would become the core of the new palace.
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1664:, as the room became known, was inaugurated on 6 March 1876, and would host the National Assembly until they returned to the
1544:, a room dedicated to famous knights of the Crusades and decorated with their names and coats of arms. The apartments of the
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were systematically dispersed to other locations, and eventually the museum was closed. In accordance with provisions of the
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In 1833, Louis-Philippe proposed the establishment of a museum dedicated to "all the glories of France", which included the
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be confiscated and sent to the foundry to be made into cannon. The proposal was debated but eventually it was tabled. On 28
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522:
1007:– on the second and third floors of the palace. The crowning achievements of Louis XV's reign were the construction of the
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569:. Louis XIV regarded his father-in-law's act as a breach of the treaty and consequently engaged in the War of Devolution.
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While Napoleon did not reside in the palace, apartments were, however, arranged and decorated for the use of the Empress
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and the Revolution of 1830 that put Louis-Philippe on the throne of France. For the next decade, under the direction of
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1272:
1700:". The changes wrought by Nolhac produced a new awareness of the castle. Members of high society and nobility, such as
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in 1678, he began to gradually move the court to Versailles. The court was officially established there on 6 May 1682.
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Constans, Claire (1985). "1837: L'inauguration par Louis-Philippe du musée dédié 'À Toutes les gloires de la France",
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gold and silver used in their manufacture. Despite its designation as a museum, Versailles served as an annex to the
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glorifying the history of France. At the same time, Nolhac began to restore the palace to its appearance before the
1532:(5–6 July 1809). While a number of the paintings were of questionable quality, a few were masterpieces, such as the
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Among the items found at Versailles at this time a collection of natural curiosities that has been assembled by the
1743:
was galvanized by a series of articles decrying the miserable state of repair at Versailles in the French magazine
1649:
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316:
973:, which had been begun during the last years of Louis XIV's reign but was never finished due to the King's death.
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Staircase of the Ambassadors to the east, the Grand Apartment created one huge route for entertainment and palace
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region of France. When the château was built, Versailles was a country village; today, however, it is a suburb of
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The expansion of the château became synonymous with the absolutism of Louis XIV. In 1661, following the death of
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Major outbuildings of considerable grandeur in themselves were also built during the third phase, including the
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521:, which included a sunken octagonal tub with hot and cold running water. The King's brother and sister-in-law,
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that was held between 7 and 13 May 1664. The fête was ostensibly given to celebrate the two queens of France –
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believed that if he kept all of his potential threats near him, they would be powerless. After the disgrace of
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The earliest mention of the name of Versailles is found in a document which predates 1038, the Charter of the
1267:, became guardian of the collection and was later, in June 1794, nominated by the convention to be the first
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who lived in this part of the palace during the Ancien RĂ©gime. The Galerie des Batailles was modeled on the
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flocked to see new developments. Nolhac also working to bring in foreign personalities. On 8 October 1896,
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Eight months later, however, the fate of Versailles was sealed: on 21 June 1791, Louis XVI was arrested at
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Johnson, Kevin Olin (1981). "Il n'y plus de Pyrénées: Iconography of the first Versailles of Louis XIV",
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Fromageot, Paul-Henri (1903). "Le Château de Versailles en 1795, d'après le journal de Hugues Lagarde",
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1299:, the painter responsible for the ceiling painting in the Opera, was appointed as curator for painting.
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The bronze equestrian statue of Louis XIV (Statue Ă©questre de Louis XIV), a sculpture created by both
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The new structure provided new lodgings for the King and members of his family. The main floor – the
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Constans, Claire (1987) . "Encadrement et muséographie: l'example du Versailles de Louis-Philippe",
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Batiffol, Louis (1913). "Le château de Versailles de Louis XIII et son architecte Philibert le Roy"
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emanated from this centre: there were government offices here, as well as the homes of thousands of
86:, in which one of the signatories was a certain Hugo de Versailliis (Hugues de Versailles), who was
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was given over almost entirely to a terrace, which was later enclosed with the construction of the
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66:. Versailles is therefore famous not only as a building, but as well as a symbol of the system of
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1366:, the status of Versailles changed. Paintings and art work that had previously been assigned to
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Notice sur le Museum national et le musée spécial de l'École française à Versailles (1792–1823)
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The worsening finances of the French monarchy led to neglect in the maintenance of the palace.
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549:. Louis XIV's rationale for the joining of the two kingdoms was seen largely as recompense for
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Collection des cartulaires de France. Tome I: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Père de Chartres
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was promulgated, which designated Versailles as a crown dependency. Like Napoleon before him,
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characterised the effort in less laudatory terms as the "hospital of the glories of France".
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and represented one of the most ambitious and costly undertakings of Louis-Philippe's reign.
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and the old bedchamber of the King, creating one much larger antechamber in the process, the
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Mansart's Grand Commons, built between 1682 and 1684 to house members of the King's household
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1739:, outside patronage became more essential than ever. In 1924, the American oil millionaire
1378:, Versailles was designated as an imperial palace for the department of the Seine-et-Oise.
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was a dormitory for members of the King's household, intended to provide 103 new lodgings.
664:
on their western sides, creating a uniform and symmetrical appearance on the garden front.
3526:
3453:
Mauguin, Georges (1940–1942). "La visite du Pape Pie VII à Versailles le 3 janvier 1805",
2920:
2773:
2524:
2105:
Berger, 1985b, pp. 41–50 (Chapter 5: "The Planetary Rooms"); Félibien, 1674; Verlet, 1985.
1794:
1718:
1657:
1598:
1456:
1175:
1122:
999:
958:
950:
849:
602:
506:
495:
359:
320:
312:
239:
110:
176:
142:
1818:, a tradition that came into effect with the promulgation of the 1875 Constitution. The
461:
was given over entirely to two apartments: one for the King, and one for the Queen. The
2912:
Article 9: Le siège du pouvoir exécutif et des deux chambres est à Versailles. Source:
1665:
1642:
1583:
1517:
1513:
636:
The South Wing of the château, overlooking the gardens. Construction commenced in 1679.
626:
383:
262:
183:
1512:(Hall of Battles), which necessitated the demolition of most of the apartments of the
852:
and his team of decorative designers. In 1701 there were further modifications in the
22:
The main construction of Versailles took place in four campaigns between 1664 and 1710
3753:
1838:
1790:
1762:, the Minister's Wings, the Grove of the Domes and the Ballroom Grove were restored.
1634:
1521:
1472:
1460:
1394:
1386:
1276:
1167:
1118:
1076:
1012:
954:
679:
546:
291:
3610:, translated from the French by John Goodman. New York: Abbeville Press Publishers.
2571:
Constans 1985; Constans 1998, pp. 246–258; Mauguin, 1937; Verlet, 1985, pp. 661–664.
1609:
The palace was the site of seminal events in French and European history during the
1087:(at the southern edge of the garden) was converted to the small Jardin de la Reine.
3591:
3281:
1805:
With the past and ongoing restoration and conservation projects at Versailles, the
1556:
were transformed into portrait galleries. To accommodate the displays, some of the
1475:; however, unlike Napoleon, Louis-Philippe did have a grand design for Versailles.
764:
363:
337:
228:
167:
of Versailles from the Gondi family and began to make enlargements to the château.
109:, the village was largely destroyed, and its population sharply declined. In 1575,
59:
1038:
between 1738 and 1741 was the most important legacy Louis XV made to the gardens.
480:
View of the garden front, 1674, after the second building capmpaign, engraving by
18:
3598:
1753:, to offer financial support in restoring the palace. Between 1925 and 1928, the
862:
and the King's Bedchamber. This was achieved by eliminating the wall between the
426:
The second building campaign (1669–1672) was inaugurated with the signing of the
3027:
In the Garden of the Sun King: Studies on the Park of Versailles Under Louis XIV
1418:
769:
589:
414:
in yellow. The old château is shown in gray. The terrace overlooked the central
1263:
and was later confiscated by the state. Fayolle, who had been nominated to the
699:
between 1684 and 1685, with construction completed in 1686. Mansart's imposing
557:, which was among the terms to which Spain agreed with the promulgation of the
62:
was forced to return to the capital in October 1789 after the beginning of the
3711:(revised and updated from the 1961 edition). Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard.
3564:
3515:
3158:
1826:
1705:
1244:
941:
649:
220:
156:
39:
1102:(stables), where rotting timber in 1770 necessitated urgent rebuilding work.
1034:
remained largely unchanged from the time of Louis XIV; the completion of the
949:
returned to Paris. In May 1717, during his visit to France, the Russian Tsar
3464:
Meyer, Daniel (1985). "Un achat manqué par le musée de Versailles en 1852",
1820:
Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles
1656:
was definitively established in 1875. At that time, it was decided that the
1558:
1291:
1275:
the people's representative, became administrator for the department of the
1196:
On 6 October 1789, the royal family had to leave Versailles and move to the
1064:
755:
711:
266:
254:
224:
213:
197:
190:
55:
1668:
in 1879. The same year the Senate too returned to Paris, relocating to the
1648:
After the Commune was suppressed, the Versailles Opera was the seat of the
3701:
3583:
3556:
3507:
3477:
3421:
3210:
3143:
3473:
3139:
2939:
1793:(1965); the Chambre de la Reine (1975); the Chambre de Louis XIV and the
1697:
1359:
1287:
936:
875:
598:
415:
258:
101:
brought some prosperity to the village but, following an outbreak of the
98:
87:
3541:
3391:
2752:
3406:
3019:
1563:
1068:
355:
1401:, visited the palace and blessed the throng of people gathered on the
652:, Louis XIV officially installed his court at Versailles in May 1682.
3521:
Nolhac, Pierre de (1899). "La construction de Versailles de Le Vau",
2069:
Berger 1985b, fig. 12 (plan), pp. 41–42; Verlet|1985, p. 74 (fig. 7).
1901:
Batiffol, 1913; Bluche, 1991; Marie, 1968; Nolhac, 1901; Verlet, 1985
719:
The largest and most imposing outbuildings were the two stables, the
1552:
as well as those of Louis XV's daughters on the ground floor of the
529:
occupied apartments on the ground floor of the southern part of the
1637:
erupted in the aftermath of the war (March 1871), the newly-formed
3442:
Mauguin, Georges (1937). "L'Inauguration du Musée de Versailles",
1588:
1436:
1104:
1047:
992:
on the ground floor; and the two private apartments of Louis XV –
976:
Significant among Louis XV's contributions to Versailles were the
824:
710:
631:
629:
all of these children required suitable apartments at Versailles.
554:
486:
475:
393:
331:
207:
124:
94:
51:
3302:
Hoog, Simone (1996). "Versailles", vol. 32, pp. 369–374, in
1676:
was elected by the two chambers assembled for the purpose in the
746:. The King's former bedchamber became a throne room known as the
370:, Louis XIV's wife – but in reality honored the king's mistress,
113:, a naturalized Florentine who gained prominence at the court of
2601:
The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870-1871
2170:"Versailles "Grand Commun": strengthening a historical monument"
1540:. Part of the northern wing (Aile du Nord) was converted to the
1421:
would often visit the palace and walk through the vacant rooms.
1053:
Gardens and palace of Versailles in 1746, by the abbot Delagrive
880:
450:
had to be reconfigured and the scale of the new rooms reduced.
1259:
during his voyages in America. The collection was sold to the
3572:
Histoire du Château de Versailles. Versailles au VIIIe siècle
3549:
Histoire du Château de Versailles. Versailles Sous Louis XIV.
3057:
Diplomatic Tours in the Gardens of Versailles Under Louis XIV
2318:
Verlet, 198, pp. 375–384 (Opéra) and 500–505 (Petit Trianon).
1562:
were removed and either put into storage or sold. During the
1524:
and was intended to glorify French military history from the
1389:. The palace continued to serve, however, as an annex of the
935:
After the death of Louis XIV in 1715, the five-year-old King
3621:
Pradel, Pierre (1937). "Versailles sous le premier Empire",
1041:
Towards the end of his reign, Louis XV, under the advice of
1749:; Rockefeller wrote personally to the President of France,
1735:
gardens. Given the perilous financial state of the postwar
1269:
directeur du Conservatoire du Muséum national de Versailles
3257:
Gatin, L.-A. (1908). "Versailles pendant la RĂ©volution",
840:(1688–1697) and owing possibly to the pious influence of
2380:
2378:
3600:
Images et usages du château de Versailles au XXe siècle
3218:
Description sommaire de Versailles ancienne et nouvelle
1508:
The southern wing (Aile du Midi) was given over to the
1463:, the status of Versailles changed. In March 1832, the
584:
rooms. Each room is dedicated to one of the then known
348:
The first building campaign (1664–1668) commenced with
319:
would not have been able to build his grand château at
3485:
Marie-Therese: The Fate of Marie Antoinette's Daughter
2227:
2225:
1083:
style (popular during the late 18th century), and the
793:
were modified to create three large antechambers (the
283:
for the whole court. Like other French court manners,
3677:
Van der Kemp, GĂ©rald (1976). "Remeubler Versailles",
3291:. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press.
2668:(in French). www.chateauversailles.fr. 23 August 2018
2629:(in French). www.chateauversailles.fr. 23 August 2018
2345:
Marie 1984; Thompson, 2006; Verlet 1985, pp. 329–330.
2038:
2036:
181:
shows a traditional design: an entrance court with a
2885:
PĂ©rouse de Montclos 1991, pp. 10, 284; Lemoine 1976.
2649:
The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune 1870-71
1429:
over Versailles and rarely visited his former home.
1290:
an III (28 June 1795), a wealthy soap merchant from
170:
A vignette of Versailles from the 1652 Paris map of
3244:
Jardins et jardiniers de Versailles au grand siècle
3029:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library.
1574:
Second Empire & the start of the Third Republic
1235:deputy to the convention and father of the painter
1154:In the interior of the palace, the library and the
1027:the skylight and the destruction of the staircase.
772:and statues, to urns, stools, and incense burners.
734:in front of the main palace, on either side of the
494:, ca. 1675, with the terrace that later became the
467:occupied the northern part of the château neuf and
398:Plan of the main floor (c. 1676), showing Le Vau's
3345:Lemoine, Pierre (1976). "La chambre de la Reine",
3289:Gardens of Illusion: The Genius of André Le Nostre
3059:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
540:Significant to the design and construction of the
3342:, 6th edition, vol. 97 (January), pp. 29–40.
3044:. University Park: The College Arts Association.
2810:"American Patronage at the Chateau de Versailles"
2689:(in French). www.chateauversailles.fr. 3 May 2019
2666:"Naissance de la IIIe RĂ©publique 30 Janvier 1875"
2589:Constans, 1985; 1987; Mauguin, 1937; Verlet,1985.
3603:(thesis/dissertation). Paris: École des Chartes.
513:). The ground floor of the northern part of the
155:In the early seventeenth century, Gondi invited
3651:, first edition. New York: St. Martin's Press.
3074:. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
2621:
2619:
2535:Mauguin, 1940–1942; Pradel, 1937; Verlet, 1985.
2001:Bluche, 1986, 1991; Bendix, 1978; Solnon, 1987.
1825:Château de Versailles Spectacles organised the
1814:at Versailles to revise or otherwise amend the
1334:during the 17th and 18th centuries, the series
1282:One of Dumont's first appointments was that of
1018:Equally significant was the destruction of the
553:'s failure to pay his daughter Maria Theresa's
287:was quickly imitated in other European courts.
3072:Kings or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule
2860:
2858:
2856:
2393:Verlet, 1945; Verlet 1985; Ayers 2004, p. 341.
2060:Nolhac, 1899, 1901; Marie, 1968; Verlet, 1985.
1330:submitted by artists seeking admission to the
30:Palace of Versailles, the building's evolution
2961:The Louis XIV Sculpture Returns to Versailles
2421:that followed 6 October 1789 (Mauguin, 1934).
848:designed by Hardouin-Mansart and finished by
8:
2930:
2928:
2660:
2658:
2363:Hoog 1996, p. 372; Verlet 1985, pp. 540–545.
2291:Nolhac 1911; Marie 1976, 1984; Verlet, 1985.
2123:Berger, 1985a; Thompson, 2006; Verlet, 1985.
1613:(1870-1871) and the subsequent birth of the
1147:government in 1787 and the beginning of the
781:, Louis chose the set of eight rooms on the
640:Under the direction of the chief architect,
3386:. Paris: Édition Vincent, Freal & Cie.
3327:, edited by Hubert Juin. Paris: Gallimard.
2202:. www.chateauversailles.fr. 17 October 2016
1883:Bluche, 1990; Thompson, 2006; Verlet, 1985.
1332:Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture
1005:petit appartement du roi au troisième étage
3679:La Revue du Louvre et des musées de France
3500:Le Chateau de Versailles sous Louis Quinze
3347:La Revue du Louvre et des musées de France
3308:, edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove.
2979:. Stuttgart; London: Edition Axel Menges.
2868:. chateaudeversailles.fr. 25 February 2020
2010:Benichou, 1948; Bluche, 1991; Solnon 1987.
1970:FĂ©libien, 1703; Marie, 1972; Verlet, 1985.
1133:in 1784, and an ongoing rebuilding of the
994:petit appartement du roi au deuxième étage
829:View from the Place d'Armes, ca. 1722, by
1405:from the balcony of the Hall of Mirrors.
492:Garden façade of the Palace of Versailles
117:, purchased the seigneury of Versailles.
3606:PĂ©rouse de Montclos, Jean-Marie (1991).
3362:King of the World: The Life of Louis XIV
3003:, 4th edition, vol. 10 (November 1913),
2087:Nolhac, 1901; Marie, 1972; Verlet, 1985.
2021:King of the World: The Life of Louis XIV
1239:proposed that the metal statuary in the
25:
17:
3696:. Paris: Editions d'art et d'histoire.
3371:(revised, in English). Stroud: Sutton.
2842:. chateauversailles.fr. 7 December 2016
1850:
1174:, are among the finest examples of the
1067:ordered an extensive replanting of the
683:, and the pair of stables known as the
625:between 1673 and 1681. As newly forged
2769:
2758:
1956:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1949:
1566:occupation of the palace in 1871, the
1063:In 1774, shortly after his ascension,
836:Soon after the crushing defeat of the
588:and is personified by the appropriate
378:is often regarded as a prelude to the
336:The château circa 1668, as painted by
3427:Marie, Alfred; Marie, Jeanne (1984).
3412:Marie, Alfred; Marie, Jeanne (1976).
3397:Marie, Alfred; Marie, Jeanne (1972).
3205:. Versailles: Impr. de Cerf et fils.
2710:(in French). www.chateauversailles.fr
2384:Spawforth 2008, pp. 22–23.
1459:of 1830 and the establishment of the
1397:, who came to France to officiate at
1385:. The Emperor chose to reside at the
376:The Pleasures of the Enchanted Island
351:The Pleasures of the Enchanted Island
7:
3681:, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 135–137.
3349:, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 139–145.
3042:Versailles: The Château of Louis XIV
2840:"History of patronage at Versailles"
2603:. Taylor & Francis. p. 347.
1570:in storage were burned as firewood.
1326:were used as galleries in which the
883:Plans of the evolution of Versailles
527:Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine
3770:History of buildings and structures
3649:Versailles: A Biography of a Palace
3190:. Paris: Editions Générales First.
2866:"John D. Rockefeller Jr. 1874-1960"
2736:Da Vinha & Masson 2011, p. 229.
2727:Da Vinha & Masson 2011, p. 261.
2627:"Proclamation de l'Empire Allemand"
1117:of Marie Antoinette redecorated by
294:, the king turned the palace into:
3166:Versailles: Absolutism and Harmony
2651:. St. Martin's Press. p. 218.
1922:, directed by Paul Burgess, BBC TV
1372:Musée spécial de l'École française
1320:Musée spécial de l'École française
1151:spelled an end to any such plans.
14:
3623:Revue de l'histoire de Versailles
3551:(2 volumes). Paris: André Marty.
3523:Revue de l'Histoire de Versailles
3455:Revue de l'histoire de Versailles
3444:Revue de l'histoire de Versailles
3401:. Paris: Editions Jacques Freal.
3259:Revue de l'histoire de Versailles
3229:Revue de l'histoire de Versailles
2687:"Les parlementaires Ă Versailles"
2051:Bluche, 1986, 1991; Verlet, 1985.
1684:Versailles under Pierre de Nolhac
1528:(traditionally dated 495) to the
1393:Nevertheless, on 3 January 1805,
858:, namely the construction of the
3414:Versailles au temps de Louis XIV
3287:Hazlehurst, F. Hamilton (1980).
3216:Félibien, Jean-François (1703).
2808:Jeffrey T Iverson (2014-07-19).
1488:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
1226:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
1204:. During the early years of the
903:
896:
889:
3431:. Paris: Imprimérie Nationale.
3429:Versailles au temps de Louis XV
3416:. Paris: Imprimérie Nationale.
3168:. New York: The Vendome Press.
2936:"Jeff Koons Versailles website"
2245:. Sphere Books Ltd. p. 93.
2023:(2020) cited in Tim Blanning,
1920:Versailles, The Dream of a King
1702:Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale
961:on the Bay of Finland, west of
831:Pierre-Denis Martin (1663-1742)
3765:World Heritage Sites in France
3632:Solnon, Jean François (1987).
2790:. www.gvn.chateauversailles.fr
2475:Fromageot 1903, p. ?????.
1496:Hélène of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1113:, one of several rooms in the
785:behind the west façade of the
565:that began in 1635 during the
1:
3457:(July 1940 – December 1942),
3242:Garrigues, Dominique (2001).
3014:. Paris: Éditions Gallimard.
2466:Fromageot 1903, p. ????.
1200:in Paris, as a result of the
1164:petit appartement de la reine
838:War of the League of Augsburg
578:grand appartement de la reine
470:grand appartement de la reine
411:grand appartement de la reine
279:for the most important and a
130:
3117:Charles X: La fin d'un monde
3102:Dictionnaire du Grand Siècle
2788:"Grand Versailles Numerique"
2457:Fromageot 1903, p. ???.
2372:Spawforth 2008, p. 218.
1492:Ferdinand-Philippe d'Orléans
1318:was reorganised and renamed
996:(later transformed into the
947:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
563:war between France and Spain
473:occupied the southern part.
382:, which Louis waged against
315:in 1661 – Louis claimed the
84:Saint-Père de Chartres Abbey
58:moved from Paris, until the
3201:Dutilleux, Adolphe (1887).
3153:, vol. 76, pp. 53–56.
3040:Berger, Robert W. (1985b).
3025:Berger, Robert W. (1985a).
2553:Mansel 1999; Thompson 2006.
2448:Fromageot 1903, p. ??.
1447:, 10 June 1837 (painted by
1441:Louis-Philippe opening the
1297:Louis Jean-Jacques Durameau
1202:Women's March on Versailles
523:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
434:– often referred to as the
3786:
3694:Le mobilier royal français
3597:Oppermann, Fabien (2004).
3570:Nolhac, Pierre de (1918).
3547:Nolhac, Pierre de (1911).
3536:. Versailles: L. Bernard.
3532:Nolhac, Pierre de (1901).
3498:Nolhac, Pierre de (1898).
3272:Guérard, Benjamin (1840).
3055:Berger, Robert W. (2008).
2990:Balzac, Honoré de (1853).
2493:Dutilleux 1887, p. ?.
2439:Fromageot 1903, p. ?.
1680:auditorium at Versailles.
1233:Charles-François Delacroix
1178:. Several stories for the
990:appartement de la dauphine
868:Chambre de l'Oeil de Boeuf
317:Superintendent of Finances
3726:. London: Penguin Books.
3534:La création de Versailles
3246:. Seyssel: Champ Vallon.
3164:Constans, Claire (1998).
3159:10.3406/rvart.1987.347630
3104:. Paris: Arthème Fayard.
3100:Bluche, François (1990).
3089:. Paris: Arthème Fayard.
3085:Bluche, François (1986).
3070:Bendix, Reinhard (1986).
2977:The Architecture of Paris
2959:The Art Tribune. Source:
2502:Verlet 1985, pp. 661–664.
2327:Verlet 1985, pp. 307–308.
2309:Verlet 1985, pp. 321–324.
1789:(completed in 1957); the
1724:James Gordon Bennett, Jr.
1597:as German Emperor in the
1020:Escalier des Ambassadeurs
982:appartements des Mesdames
617:in 1678, which ended the
533:. The upper story of the
428:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
136:, as shown on the map of
3709:Le château de Versailles
3647:Spawforth, Tony (2008).
3320:(subscription required).
3269:at the Internet Archive.
3188:Versailles pour les nuls
3115:Castelot, André (1988).
2994:, vol. 12. Paris: Pilet.
2354:Ayers 2004, pp. 340–341.
2336:Walton 1986, pp. 161-162
2141:Spawforth, 2008; p.11,47
1309:petit appartement du roi
1180:petit appartement du roi
1160:petit appartement du roi
978:petit appartement du roi
821:Fourth building campaign
750:, while the neighboring
613:With the signing of the
580:formed a suite of seven
574:grand appartement du roi
501:The western part of the
464:grand appartement du roi
405:grand appartement du roi
390:Second building campaign
238:, and painter-decorator
3707:Verlet, Pierre (1985).
3692:Verlet, Pierre (1945).
3384:Naissance de Versailles
3367:Mansel, Philip (1999).
3012:Morales du grand siècle
3010:Benichou, Paul (1948).
2829:Spawforth, 2008; p. 250
2647:Alastair Horne (1965).
2599:Michael Howard (2013).
2484:Gatin 1908, p. ??.
2282:Walton, 1986; p.190-194
2264:Walton, 1986; p.108-109
2159:Walton, 1986; p.138-139
2030:Oct 17-18, 2020, p. C9.
2028:The Wall Street Journal
1910:Hazlehurst 1980, p. 60.
1801:Contemporary Versailles
1770:The Van der Kemp period
1704:and the former Empress
1627:declared German Emperor
1336:The Life of Saint Bruno
799:Salle des gardes du roi
609:Third building campaign
328:First building campaign
290:According to historian
3724:Louis XIV's Versailles
3666:. London: Bloomsbury.
3662:Thompson, Ian (2006).
3502:. Paris: H. Champion.
3487:. London: Bloomsbury.
3382:Marie, Alfred (1968).
3364:(2020) chapters 8, 13.
3340:Gazette des Beaux-Arts
3325:Choses vues, 1830–1846
3220:. Paris: A. Chrétien.
3000:Gazette des Beaux-Arts
2975:Ayers, Andrew (2004).
2894:Kemp 1976; Meyer 1985.
2768:Cite journal requires
2430:Gatin 1908, p. ?.
2241:Nancy Mitford (1966).
2189:Spawforth, 2008; p. 47
2078:Walton, 1986; p. 67-69
1892:Garrigues 2001, p. 37.
1755:Rockefeller Foundation
1606:
1465:Loi de la Liste civile
1452:
1344:Marie de' Medici cycle
1144:Royal Buildings Office
1131:Chateau de Saint-Cloud
1126:
1055:
986:appartement du dauphin
860:Salon de l'Ĺ’il de BĹ“uf
833:
716:
642:Jules Hardouin-Mansart
637:
559:Treaty of the Pyrenees
498:
484:
423:
368:Maria Theresa of Spain
345:
217:
147:
31:
23:
3664:The Sun King's Garden
3483:Nagel, Susan (2009.)
3323:Hugo, Victor (1972).
3305:The Dictionary of Art
2812:. www.francetoday.com
2708:"La salle du Congrès"
2402:Spawforth 2008, p 175
2132:Spawforth, 2008; p.47
2114:Walton, 1986; p.92-93
1822:was created in 1995.
1737:French Third Republic
1710:Nicholas II of Russia
1615:French Third Republic
1592:
1534:Battle of Taillebourg
1510:Galerie des Batailles
1471:chose to live at the
1444:Galerie des Batailles
1440:
1399:Napoleon's coronation
1328:morceaux de réception
1241:gardens of Versailles
1108:
1051:
939:, the court, and the
828:
714:
635:
519:appartement des bains
490:
479:
420:gardens of Versailles
397:
374:. The celebration of
372:Louise de La Vallière
335:
211:
128:
29:
21:
3760:Palace of Versailles
3722:Walton, Guy (1986).
3399:Mansart Ă Versailles
2914:Constitution of 1875
2518:Constitution of 1804
2300:Verlet 1985, p. 301.
1672:. Until 1958, every
1670:Palace of Luxembourg
1619:German General Staff
1514:Princes of the Blood
1449:François-Joseph Heim
1217:Legislative Assembly
1183:awkwardly above the
1135:Château de Compiègne
1043:Ange-Jacques Gabriel
864:Deuxième Antichambre
811:Deuxième Antichambre
803:Première Antichambre
760:Gobelins Manufactory
627:Princes of the Blood
517:was occupied by the
244:Treaties of Nijmegen
44:Versailles, Yvelines
36:Palace of Versailles
3466:Colloque Versailles
3276:. Paris: Crapelet.
3132:Colloque Versailles
2613:Horne, 1965; p. 198
2544:Mauguin, 1940–1942.
2255:Walton, 1986; p.125
2231:Walton, 1986; p.107
2200:"The Royal Stables"
2150:Walton, 1986; p.130
2042:Bluche, 1986, 1991.
1816:French Constitution
1776:GĂ©rald Van der Kemp
1774:Under the aegis of
1760:Théâtre de la Reine
1741:John D. Rockefeller
1678:Assemblée nationale
1674:President of France
1662:Assemblée nationale
1611:Franco-Prussian War
1542:Salle des Croisades
1415:Bourbon Restoration
1409:Bourbon Restoration
1391:HĂ´tel des Invalides
1358:With the advent of
1324:grands appartements
1305:HĂ´tel des Invalides
1265:Commission des arts
1222:National Convention
885:
842:Madame de Maintenon
646:interior decoration
623:Madame de Montespan
595:Alexander the Great
542:grands appartements
233:landscape architect
2992:La comédie humaine
2919:2008-05-13 at the
2523:2006-01-08 at the
2511:Article 16 :
1641:and its executive
1607:
1453:
1127:
1056:
923:The palace in 1680
918:The palace in 1674
913:The palace in 1668
881:
855:appartement du roi
834:
815:Appartement du roi
778:appartement du roi
717:
638:
615:Treaty of Nijmegen
561:, which ended the
511:Galerie des Glaces
499:
485:
424:
346:
218:
148:
107:Hundred Years' War
32:
24:
3636:. Paris: Fayard.
3634:La cour de France
3576:Émile-Paul Frères
3318:Oxford Art Online
3180:Da Vinha, Mathieu
3119:. Paris: Perrin.
2019:Philip Mansel, .
1835:Pierre Cartellier
1650:National Assembly
1639:National Assembly
1526:Battle of Tolbiac
1376:1804 Constitution
1348:Peter Paul Rubens
1340:Eustache Le Sueur
1271:. The next year,
1206:French Revolution
1192:French Revolution
1166:, redecorated by
1149:French Revolution
1115:petit appartement
1092:Benjamin Franklin
1036:Bassin de Neptune
928:
927:
567:Thirty Years' War
380:War of Devolution
342:Versailles Museum
275:, divided into a
68:absolute monarchy
64:French Revolution
3777:
3360:Mansel, Philip.
3237:Internet Archive
2963:
2957:
2951:
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2938:. Archived from
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1837:(1757–1831) and
1784:
1751:Raymond Poincaré
1689:Pierre de Nolhac
1603:Anton von Werner
1593:Proclamation of
1538:Eugène Delacroix
1530:Battle of Wagram
1503:Honoré de Balzac
1469:Louis-Philippe I
1427:Tuileries Palace
1257:sieur de Fayolle
1237:Eugène Delacroix
1215:after which the
1198:Tuileries Palace
1172:Marie Antoinette
963:Saint Petersburg
907:
900:
893:
886:
752:Salon de Mercure
657:Aile des Princes
619:Franco-Dutch War
586:celestial bodies
482:Israël Silvestre
408:in blue and the
304:Cardinal Mazarin
194:to either side.
180:
172:Jacques Gomboust
161:Philibert Le Roy
146:
138:Jacques Gomboust
135:
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1719:New York Herald
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1484:Frédéric Nepveu
1480:Orléans dynasty
1457:July Revolution
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1261:Count of Artois
1194:
1176:Louis XVI style
1123:Louis XVI style
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1000:Madame du Barry
998:appartement de
971:Salon d'Hercule
951:Peter the Great
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850:Robert de Cotte
823:
748:Salon d'Apollon
736:Avenue de Paris
611:
507:Hall of Mirrors
496:Hall of Mirrors
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313:Nicolas Fouquet
240:Charles Le Brun
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1712:and his wife
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1635:Paris Commune
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1604:
1601:(painting by
1600:
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1580:Second Empire
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1511:
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1473:Grand Trianon
1470:
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1461:July Monarchy
1458:
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1433:July Monarchy
1432:
1430:
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1420:
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1396:
1395:Pope Pius VII
1392:
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1387:Grand Trianon
1384:
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1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
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1321:
1317:
1314:In 1797, the
1312:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:Huges Lagarde
1280:
1278:
1277:Seine-et-Oise
1274:
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1168:Richard Mique
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1120:
1119:Richard Mique
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:anglo-chinois
1078:
1077:Hubert Robert
1074:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1013:Petit Trianon
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
966:
964:
960:
956:
955:Grand Trianon
952:
948:
944:
943:
938:
930:
924:
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919:
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861:
857:
856:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
827:
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
807:Grand Couvert
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
779:
773:
771:
767:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
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737:
733:
729:
726:
722:
713:
709:
707:
702:
698:
694:
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688:
687:
682:
681:
680:Grand Trianon
676:
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663:
658:
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643:
634:
630:
628:
624:
620:
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583:
579:
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560:
556:
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548:
547:dual monarchy
543:
538:
536:
535:château neuf
532:
528:
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520:
516:
512:
508:
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497:
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478:
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296:
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293:
292:Philip Mansel
288:
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273:
268:
264:
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216:in Versailles
215:
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186:
185:
178:
173:
168:
166:
162:
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129:The château,
127:
121:Ancien RĂ©gime
120:
118:
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104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
77:
75:
73:
72:Ancien RĂ©gime
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:ĂŽle-de-France
45:
41:
37:
28:
20:
16:
3723:
3708:
3693:
3678:
3663:
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3607:
3599:
3592:Google Books
3571:
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3398:
3383:
3379:(paperback).
3368:
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3288:
3282:Google Books
3273:
3258:
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3116:
3101:
3086:
3071:
3056:
3041:
3026:
3011:
2998:
2991:
2976:
2970:Bibliography
2955:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:the original
2908:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2870:. Retrieved
2844:. Retrieved
2834:
2825:
2814:. Retrieved
2803:
2792:. Retrieved
2782:
2761:cite journal
2741:
2732:
2723:
2712:. Retrieved
2702:
2691:. Retrieved
2681:
2670:. Retrieved
2648:
2642:
2631:. Retrieved
2609:
2600:
2594:
2585:
2580:Balzac 1853.
2576:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2512:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2416:
2407:
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2389:
2368:
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2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2243:The Sun King
2242:
2236:
2215:
2204:. Retrieved
2194:
2185:
2174:. Retrieved
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1975:
1966:
1941:. Retrieved
1937:the original
1927:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1866:
1853:
1832:
1824:
1804:
1773:
1764:
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1744:
1733:
1717:
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1647:
1632:
1608:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1553:
1533:
1507:
1500:
1477:
1464:
1454:
1442:
1412:
1402:
1383:Marie Louise
1380:
1371:
1367:
1364:First Empire
1357:
1354:First Empire
1335:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1281:
1273:André Dumont
1268:
1264:
1254:
1230:
1210:
1195:
1184:
1179:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1128:
1114:
1111:Cabinet doré
1110:
1100:Grand Ecurie
1099:
1095:
1089:
1080:
1062:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1004:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
975:
967:
940:
934:
922:
917:
912:
882:
871:
867:
863:
859:
853:
846:royal chapel
835:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
783:piano nobile
782:
776:
775:For the new
774:
763:
754:contained a
751:
747:
743:
740:
735:
732:Cour d'Armes
731:
727:
724:
720:
718:
706:Grand Commun
705:
701:Grand Commun
700:
696:
692:Grand Ecurie
690:
684:
678:
672:
669:Grand Commun
668:
666:
661:
656:
654:
639:
612:
577:
573:
571:
545:establish a
541:
539:
534:
531:château neuf
530:
518:
515:château neuf
514:
510:
502:
500:
491:
468:
462:
459:château neuf
458:
455:piano nobile
454:
452:
447:
443:
439:
436:château neuf
435:
431:
425:
409:
403:
399:
375:
364:queen mother
349:
347:
338:Pierre Patel
301:
289:
284:
280:
276:
270:
248:
229:Louis Le Vau
219:
196:
189:
182:
169:
154:
92:
81:
60:royal family
33:
15:
3527:pp. 161–171
3459:pp. 134–146
3448:pp. 112–146
3369:Louis XVIII
3263:pp. 226–253
3233:pp. 224–240
3005:pp. 341–371
2411:Nagel 2009.
2273:Verlet, 211
2025:Solar Power
1779: [
1578:During the
1419:Louis XVIII
650:super-power
590:Greco-Roman
354:of 1664, a
281:grand lever
277:petit lever
175: [
141: [
38:is a royal
3754:Categories
3732:0670801941
3608:Versailles
3565:HathiTrust
3516:HathiTrust
3316:. Also at
2946:2012-04-09
2872:2021-02-08
2846:2019-12-11
2816:2019-12-11
2794:2019-12-11
2714:2022-11-02
2693:2022-11-08
2672:2022-11-02
2633:2022-11-02
2206:2019-12-30
2176:2019-12-28
1943:2012-04-09
1845:References
1827:Jeff Koons
1694:Revolution
1652:until the
1425:chose the
1003:) and the
801:, and the
221:Louis XIII
212:Statue of
157:Louis XIII
151:Louis XIII
3702:742722112
3687:0035-2608
3627:pp. 76–94
3584:897084052
3574:. Paris:
3557:817037275
3508:894269761
3478:761465041
3422:311957302
3355:0035-2608
3211:457476198
3144:761465041
3087:Louis XIV
1714:Alexandra
1633:When the
1623:Wilhelm I
1595:Wilhelm I
1568:boiseries
1559:boiseries
1455:With the
1423:Charles X
1292:Marseille
1231:In 1793,
1224:in which
1139:Enveloppe
1085:Labyrinth
1065:Louis XVI
1059:Louis XVI
795:vestibule
770:gueridons
756:state bed
674:Orangerie
662:enveloppe
605:, etc.).
572:Both the
551:Philip IV
503:enveloppe
457:– of the
448:enveloppe
444:enveloppe
440:enveloppe
432:enveloppe
402:with the
400:enveloppe
285:Ă©tiquette
267:etiquette
255:courtiers
225:Louis XIV
214:Louis XIV
204:Louis XIV
198:Louis XIV
191:parterres
165:seigneury
56:Louis XIV
46:, in the
3474:12904910
3235:(at the
3224:at INHA.
3186:(2011).
3140:12904910
2917:Archived
2753:24616876
2521:Archived
2516:Source:
1952:cite web
1812:congress
1564:Prussian
1550:dauphine
1548:and the
1370:and the
1362:and the
1360:Napoleon
1342:and the
1288:messidor
1249:Republic
1213:Varennes
1162:and the
1069:bosquets
1024:Escalier
1011:and the
959:Peterhof
937:Louis XV
931:Louis XV
876:Louis XV
723:and the
599:Augustus
582:enfilade
576:and the
416:parterre
259:retinues
257:, their
115:Henry II
105:and the
99:Normandy
88:seigneur
3542:8151727
3392:3731196
3267:333–352
1706:Eugénie
1546:dauphin
1520:of the
1501:Later,
1245:floréal
1158:in the
1121:in the
1073:gardens
1071:of the
1032:gardens
942:RĂ©gence
813:of the
418:of the
78:Origins
70:of the
40:château
3730:
3715:
3700:
3685:
3670:
3655:
3640:
3614:
3582:
3561:Vol. 2
3555:
3540:
3506:
3491:
3472:
3435:
3420:
3407:746666
3405:
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3375:
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3123:
3108:
3093:
3078:
3063:
3048:
3033:
3020:259119
3018:
2983:
2751:
1872:p. xiv
1859:p. 125
1698:Clovis
1658:Senate
1322:. The
988:, the
984:, the
980:; the
765:livres
728:Ecurie
697:livres
686:Petite
677:, the
671:, the
366:, and
362:, the
251:France
103:Plague
2749:JSTOR
1981:p. 27
1787:Opera
1783:]
1096:Petit
1009:Opera
744:fĂŞtes
725:Petit
721:Grand
603:Cyrus
555:dowry
384:Spain
272:Lever
179:]
145:]
95:Dreux
52:Paris
3728:ISBN
3713:ISBN
3698:OCLC
3683:ISSN
3668:ISBN
3653:ISBN
3638:ISBN
3612:ISBN
3588:Copy
3580:OCLC
3553:OCLC
3538:OCLC
3512:Copy
3504:OCLC
3489:ISBN
3470:OCLC
3433:ISBN
3418:OCLC
3403:OCLC
3388:OCLC
3373:ISBN
3351:ISSN
3329:ISBN
3310:ISBN
3293:ISBN
3278:Copy
3265:and
3248:ISBN
3222:Copy
3207:OCLC
3192:ISBN
3170:ISBN
3136:OCLC
3121:ISBN
3106:ISBN
3091:ISBN
3076:ISBN
3061:ISBN
3046:ISBN
3031:ISBN
3016:OCLC
2981:ISBN
2774:help
2514:loi.
1958:link
1625:was
1486:and
1413:The
1286:(10
1170:for
1109:The
1098:and
1030:The
689:and
525:and
356:fĂŞte
97:and
34:The
3590:at
3563:at
3514:at
3280:at
3155:doi
1536:by
1346:by
1338:by
1079:in
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2772:(
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344:)
340:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
