135:
583:
522:
36:
301:
225:, crafted from root sections of bamboo. The bamboo root is cleaned and sanded, resulting in a surface patterned with many small, circular knots where the roots formerly joined the stalk. The same part of the bamboo plant is also used to produce the
648:, a natural lacquer made from the sap of the urushi tree, used in Japan from antiquity. Like the mouthpiece inlay, this protects the bore from taking on excess moisture and contributes to the flute's longevity.
1667:
317:, and more if the instrument is well-crafted and in the hands of an experienced player; they can be fashioned to any length, suitable bamboo permitting, with longer instruments having their
1660:
726:, such as those made by John Kaizan Neptune, which are tuned to be played with modern (Western) musical instruments. Again, since the abolition of the Fuke sect in 1871, modern
1653:
1013:
313:
have four holes down the front for fingers and one hole on the back for the thumb of the upper hand. The instrument is capable of a range of at least two
669:
were not tuned to a precise scale either, they could generally be played together. As their hole positions were either calculated or copied from another
693:
take even more freedom; some of
Watazumi Doso's instruments were literally a piece of bamboo cut down with some holes seemingly randomly bored into it.
2100:
1676:
2085:
569:
119:
870:
1619:
547:
245:'s inside (bore) and outside surfaces are left unlacquered, and an inlay is not used in the mouthpiece. The membranes at the
57:
1444:
634:
had an inlaid mouthpiece, which protects the blowing edge from taking on excess moisture and rotting out. Thirdly, though
810:
433:
they usually have an inlaid blowing edge. This property, along with the unlacquered bore, results in a rough and breathy
100:
532:
72:
551:
536:
267:
also share this trait. Together, these characteristics make for a visibly and audibly raw and organic instrument.
46:
2090:
543:
53:
79:
1614:
1502:
1497:
1071:
2095:
863:
756:, and should not be understood as referring only to the modern, more musical iteration of the instrument.
86:
1359:
1036:
2034:
1598:
1880:
68:
1875:
1492:
1487:
1066:
988:
771:
1041:
1923:
1457:
1003:
2044:
2008:
1707:
1452:
1257:
1137:
1056:
916:
911:
1795:
1593:
1573:
1462:
1267:
1061:
891:
1645:
1727:
1409:
1242:
1090:
1076:
856:
839:
219:
1379:
827:
354:
is more fragile and possibly less well tuned to musical scales than are modern, refined (
845:, describing the history of the term and concept of hotchiku, contrasted with shakuhachi
415:, but this is mostly a choice of the maker depending upon the size of the bamboo. Older
1960:
1634:
1516:
1477:
921:
776:
93:
2079:
1965:
1482:
1467:
1404:
1384:
1334:
1100:
1031:
494:
246:
833:
802:
134:
1629:
1553:
1539:
1214:
1167:
1026:
781:
663:
gradually take on moisture as they are played, making the tone less stable. Though
623:
222:
1394:
582:
2039:
2013:
1986:
1955:
1950:
1938:
1933:
1781:
1472:
1414:
1354:
1289:
1120:
973:
968:
926:
521:
161:
35:
1996:
1853:
1820:
1739:
1702:
1364:
1199:
1157:
1130:
1051:
1046:
951:
228:
2001:
1843:
1800:
1624:
1578:
1319:
1299:
1294:
1224:
931:
318:
300:
215:
1147:
493:
are not generally tuned to a standard musical scale, they do not commonly
1981:
1825:
1760:
1734:
1561:
1534:
1389:
1369:
1309:
1262:
1237:
1174:
1162:
1110:
956:
470:
17:
2064:
1943:
1896:
1830:
1810:
1805:
1744:
1717:
1712:
1588:
1583:
1529:
1434:
1424:
1399:
1314:
1252:
1232:
1209:
1194:
1021:
961:
941:
936:
906:
901:
883:
732:
have been made in two halves in order to tune them more precisely, but
848:
1991:
1815:
1722:
1566:
1524:
1429:
1419:
1329:
1281:
1247:
1204:
1189:
1115:
993:
946:
643:
449:
434:
314:
177:
983:
481:
musicians, since the blowing and fingering techniques required for
2018:
1928:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1324:
1304:
1184:
1179:
1142:
1105:
978:
879:
608:
performers such as Doso and Okuda often prefer exceptionally long
602:
were quite similar, with three primary differences. First, modern
581:
409:
is closer to perpendicular to the bore axis than that of a modern
299:
133:
291:
are not cut in two pieces for crafting or storage, unlike modern
1697:
1374:
998:
1649:
852:
1152:
515:
464:
29:
834:
Article detailing differences between hotchiku and shakuhachi
708:
in general can be difficult, as there are many types of
761:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
641:
635:
629:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
508:
502:
488:
482:
476:
468:
441:
428:
422:
416:
410:
404:
367:
361:
355:
349:
343:
337:
328:
322:
308:
292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
256:
250:
240:
234:
226:
208:
200:
139:
255:
bore are generally left more intact than those of a
2057:
2027:
1974:
1916:
1909:
1889:
1866:
1780:
1773:
1753:
1690:
1683:
1607:
1552:
1515:
1443:
1280:
1223:
1089:
1012:
890:
440:Because of its extremely natural construction, the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
681:piece could be played roughly the same way on any
327:are typically longer than other variations of the
447:
373:
149:
475:is generally only attempted by highly skilled
456:
380:
348:techniques, although the sound resulting from
158:
1661:
864:
596:was popularized by Watzumi Doso. Traditional
8:
550:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
386:
181:
1913:
1788:
1777:
1687:
1668:
1654:
1646:
1512:
1440:
1220:
1009:
871:
857:
849:
738:used for Zen practice have been primarily
570:Learn how and when to remove this message
333:, and almost always thicker and heavier.
160:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1677:Traditional Japanese musical instruments
640:is not used, the inside is painted with
840:One of several messages in a thread on
793:
487:have to be altered considerably. Since
427:also share this trait, though unlike
297:that are used as musical instruments.
7:
750:encompasses all of these, including
548:adding citations to reliable sources
321:range shifted proportionally lower.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
813:from the original on 5 July 2013.
467:meditation). Playing traditional
520:
34:
2101:Five tone hole wind instruments
336:The techniques for playing the
45:needs additional citations for
744:since the beginning. The term
1:
273:are sometimes referred to as
2086:Japanese musical instruments
762:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
723:ji-nashi nobekan shakuhachi
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
642:
636:
630:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
509:
503:
489:
483:
477:
469:
448:
442:
429:
423:
417:
411:
405:
374:
368:
362:
356:
350:
344:
338:
329:
323:
309:
293:
287:
281:
275:
269:
263:
257:
251:
241:
235:
227:
209:
201:
150:
140:
2117:
1839:
1791:
457:
381:
198:, sometimes romanized as
159:
1615:Chinese folk flute music
803:"HOCHIKU vs. SHAKUHACHI"
720:, there are also modern
657:and a mouthpiece inlay,
403:, or blowing edge, of a
586:Natural bore, root end.
587:
305:
145:
1360:Native American flute
585:
501:Distinctions between
446:is commonly used for
303:
137:
1620:List of compositions
828:Close up of Hotchiku
741:"nobekan" shakuhachi
620:rarely exceeded 2.1
544:improve this section
54:improve this article
989:Simple system flute
772:Watazumi Doso Roshi
497:other instruments.
372:. The angle of the
279:, meaning "without
1599:Shepherd's whistle
588:
306:
146:
27:Musical instrument
2073:
2072:
2053:
2052:
1905:
1904:
1862:
1861:
1769:
1768:
1643:
1642:
1548:
1547:
1511:
1510:
1463:Soprano (descant)
1276:
1275:
1085:
1084:
1072:Double contrabass
830:, by Kinya Sogawa
753:komuso shakuhachi
717:komuso shakuhachi
714:. In addition to
666:komuso shakuhachi
631:komuso shakuhachi
617:komuso shakuhachi
599:komuso shakuhachi
580:
579:
572:
510:komuso shakuhachi
264:komuso shakuhachi
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2108:
2091:End-blown flutes
1914:
1789:
1778:
1688:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1513:
1441:
1221:
1010:
873:
866:
859:
850:
815:
814:
798:
765:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
647:
639:
633:
627:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
575:
568:
564:
561:
555:
524:
516:
512:
507:and traditional
506:
492:
486:
480:
474:
462:
460:
459:
453:
445:
432:
426:
424:myoan shakuhachi
420:
414:
408:
402:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
384:
383:
377:
371:
365:
359:
353:
347:
341:
332:
326:
312:
296:
290:
284:
278:
272:
266:
260:
254:
244:
238:
233:but, unlike the
232:
214:, is a Japanese
212:
204:
197:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
175:
174:
173:
155:
143:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2049:
2023:
1970:
1901:
1885:
1868:
1858:
1835:
1783:
1765:
1749:
1679:
1674:
1644:
1639:
1603:
1544:
1507:
1439:
1272:
1219:
1092:
1081:
1008:
893:
886:
877:
836:, by Tom Deaver
824:
819:
818:
800:
799:
795:
790:
768:
696:Distinguishing
675:, a particular
576:
565:
559:
556:
541:
525:
514:
454:
398:
395:
392:
389:
378:
342:are similar to
276:jinashi nobekan
261:, though older
193:
190:
187:
184:
156:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1961:San-no-tsuzumi
1958:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1635:Vertical flute
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1503:Sub-contrabass
1500:
1498:Sub-great bass
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
924:
922:Five-key flute
919:
914:
909:
904:
898:
896:
888:
887:
878:
876:
875:
868:
861:
853:
847:
846:
837:
831:
823:
822:External links
820:
817:
816:
792:
791:
789:
786:
785:
784:
779:
777:Nishimura Koku
774:
767:
758:
578:
577:
528:
526:
519:
513:
499:
285:, one-piece";
176:, "bamboo of
172:
169:
166:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2113:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:Bamboo flutes
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1966:Den-den daiko
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1865:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Alto (treble)
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Slide whistle
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1335:Hydraulophone
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Anasazi flute
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:Subcontrabass
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:Flûte d'amour
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
897:
895:
889:
885:
881:
874:
869:
867:
862:
860:
855:
854:
851:
844:
843:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
825:
821:
812:
808:
804:
801:Deaver, Tom.
797:
794:
787:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
764:
759:
757:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
646:
645:
638:
632:
626:
625:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
584:
574:
571:
563:
553:
549:
545:
539:
538:
534:
529:This section
527:
523:
518:
517:
511:
505:
500:
498:
496:
491:
485:
479:
473:
472:
466:
452:
451:
444:
438:
436:
431:
425:
419:
413:
407:
396:singing mouth
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
346:
340:
334:
331:
325:
320:
316:
311:
302:
298:
295:
289:
283:
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
248:
243:
237:
231:
230:
224:
221:
217:
213:
211:
205:
203:
191:dharma bamboo
179:
170:
167:
164:
163:
154:
153:
144:without inlay
142:
136:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1848:
1540:Willow flute
1168:Nose whistle
1125:
841:
806:
796:
782:Atsuya Okuda
695:
650:
589:
566:
557:
542:Please help
530:
439:
335:
307:
304:Finger hole.
223:bamboo flute
207:
199:
151:
147:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2040:Kagura suzu
2014:Shakubyoshi
1951:Tsuri-daiko
1939:Shime-daiko
1473:Voice flute
1415:Tin whistle
1355:Low whistle
1290:Almpfeiferl
1057:Contra-alto
974:Irish flute
969:Glass flute
560:August 2022
360:, or tuned
2080:Categories
1997:Ita-sasara
1910:Percussion
1854:Shakuhachi
1782:Flutes and
1740:Yamatogoto
1703:Ichigenkin
1493:Contrabass
1488:Great bass
1410:Tabor pipe
1365:Organ pipe
1158:Nose flute
1131:Shakuhachi
1062:Contrabass
807:shikan.org
788:References
747:shakuhachi
735:shakuhachi
729:shakuhachi
711:shakuhachi
705:shakuhachi
684:shakuhachi
672:shakuhachi
628:. Second,
611:shakuhachi
478:shakuhachi
412:shakuhachi
369:shakuhachi
345:shakuhachi
330:shakuhachi
294:shakuhachi
258:shakuhachi
236:shakuhachi
229:shakuhachi
110:April 2021
80:newspapers
69:"Hotchiku"
2002:Binzasara
1867:Free-reed
1844:Hichiriki
1801:Kagurabue
1625:Tone hole
1579:Molinukai
1458:Sopranino
1445:Recorders
1395:Spilåpipa
1380:Sjøfløyte
1320:Flageolet
1300:Dentsivka
1295:Atenteben
1077:Hyperbass
932:Kagurabue
842:shakumail
590:The term
531:does not
495:accompany
463:(blowing
319:frequency
249:inside a
220:end-blown
216:aerophone
2009:Kokiriko
1982:Hyōshigi
1934:Ōtsuzumi
1849:Hotchiku
1826:Shinobue
1735:Shamisen
1562:Gemshorn
1535:Koncovka
1517:Overtone
1453:Garklein
1390:Souravli
1370:Salamuri
1310:Dvoyanka
1238:Larchemi
1175:Pinkillu
1163:Kalaleng
1126:Hotchiku
1111:Floghera
957:Shinobue
884:whistles
811:Archived
763:hotchiku
699:hotchiku
690:Hotchiku
678:honkyoku
660:hotchiku
651:Lacking
614:, while
605:hotchiku
593:hotchiku
504:hotchiku
490:hotchiku
484:honkyoku
471:honkyoku
443:hotchiku
430:hotchiku
406:hotchiku
375:utaguchi
363:ji-nashi
351:hotchiku
339:hotchiku
324:Hotchiku
310:Hotchiku
288:hotchiku
270:Hotchiku
252:hotchiku
242:hotchiku
202:hocchiku
152:hotchiku
141:utaguchi
138:Natural
18:Hocchiku
2065:Mukkuri
1987:Mokugyo
1944:Tsuzumi
1897:Horagai
1831:Yokobue
1821:Ryūteki
1811:Minteki
1806:Komabue
1796:Gakubue
1745:Tonkori
1728:Kankara
1718:Sanshin
1691:Plucked
1589:Tonette
1584:Ocarina
1530:Kalyuka
1435:Zuffolo
1425:Whistle
1400:Stabule
1315:Flabiol
1263:Soinari
1253:Paixiao
1233:Kuvytsi
1210:Washint
1200:Šupelka
1195:Sopilka
1037:Concert
1032:Soprano
1022:Piccolo
1014:Concert
962:Yokobue
952:Ryūteki
942:Minteki
937:Komabue
907:Daegeum
902:Bansuri
766:players
760:Famous
552:removed
537:sources
390:
315:octaves
210:hochiku
185:
94:scholar
2058:Others
1992:Sasara
1975:Blocks
1723:Gottan
1684:String
1567:Pifana
1554:Vessel
1525:Fujara
1430:Xirula
1420:Txistu
1330:Fujara
1282:Fipple
1248:Miskal
1205:Svirel
1190:Sodina
1148:Kōauau
1116:Frilka
1027:Treble
994:Tambin
947:Nohkan
880:Flutes
654:urushi
644:urushi
450:suizen
435:timbre
418:komuso
357:ji-ari
239:, the
178:dharma
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2035:Shōko
2028:Gongs
2019:Sanba
1929:Taiko
1924:Kakko
1917:Drums
1890:Horns
1869:pipes
1816:Nōkan
1784:oboes
1761:Kokyū
1754:Bowed
1630:Uakti
1608:Other
1478:Tenor
1405:Tarka
1350:Kuisi
1345:Khlui
1340:Khloy
1325:Frula
1305:Diple
1185:Quray
1143:Kaval
1106:Danso
1093:blown
1004:Xindi
979:Koudi
894:blown
892:Side-
702:from
624:shaku
247:nodes
218:, an
101:JSTOR
87:books
2045:Kane
1956:Ikko
1774:Wind
1713:Kugo
1708:Koto
1698:Biwa
1483:Bass
1375:Shvi
1258:Siku
1215:Xiao
1180:Qina
1138:Gudi
1091:End-
1052:Bass
1047:Alto
999:Venu
917:Fife
912:Dizi
882:and
535:any
533:cite
421:and
387:lit.
182:lit.
168:ほっちく
148:The
73:news
1876:Shō
1594:Xun
1574:Hun
1268:Wot
1243:Nai
1225:Pan
1153:Ney
1121:Fue
984:Sáo
927:Fue
546:by
465:Zen
206:or
180:";
56:by
2082::
1881:Yu
809:.
805:.
687:.
637:ji
458:吹禅
437:.
385:,
382:歌口
366:)
282:ji
162:法竹
1669:e
1662:t
1655:v
872:e
865:t
858:v
573:)
567:(
562:)
558:(
554:.
540:.
461:)
455:(
401:)
399:'
393:'
379:(
196:)
194:'
188:'
171:)
165:(
157:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
