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49:(DIC microscopy), contrast is increased by using components in the light path which convert phase gradients in the specimen into differences in light intensity that are rendered in an image that appears three-dimensional. The 3D appearance may be misleading, as a feature which appears to cast a shadow may not necessarily have a distinct physical geometry corresponding to the shadow. The technique is particularly suitable for optical sectioning at lower magnifications.
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which is fitted between the condenser and the illumination source and is used to control the degree of contrast. The principle of HMC is used by a number of microscope manufacturers who have introduced their own variants of the technique.
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Figure 1 in Three-dimensional culture of human meniscal cells: Extracellular matrix and proteoglycan production, Helen E Gruber, David
Mauerhan, Yin Chow, Jane A Ingram, H James Norton, Edward N Hanley and Yubo Sun,
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technique for enhancing the contrast in unstained biological specimens. The technique was invented by Robert
Hoffman in 1975. Like
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177:"Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Hoffman Modulation Contrast Basics"
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Human meniscus cells via
Hoffman modulation contrast. Scale bar=10 Ξm.
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Fundamentals of light microscopy and electronic imaging
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129:(5). Applied Optics Microscope: 1169â1176.
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39:Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy
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59:HMC systems typically consist of a
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67:with a slit aperture, and a
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18:Hoffman Modulation Contrast
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155:Douglas B. Murphy (2001):
63:with a slit aperture, an
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41:(HMC microscopy) is an
105:10.1186/1472-6750-8-54
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119:"Modulation Contrast"
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208:Microscopy
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65:objective
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143:20154791
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