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125:, was built on the Verwulft where the sick were treated that did not need quarantine outside the city walls. This hospital grew until the fire that burned it down. Hofje van Loo was an add-on that survived. The Elisabeth Gasthuys (later called EG) was rebuilt on the location of a former monastery (cellenbroers or minnebroers) in the Groot Heiligland (across the street from the
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46:(Foundation Hofjes of Haarlem). The word 'hofje' just means small garden, because the hofjes are generally small houses grouped around a community kitchen garden with a water pump. Often they were attached to a larger field for bleaching linen or growing orchards, but today those fields have been long used for city expansion and only the central gardens can still be seen.
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83:; feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, clothe the naked, bury the dead, shelter the traveler, comfort the sick, and free the imprisoned. Committing any of these acts would gain the giver entrance through the pearly gates of Heaven. This is what prompted so many wealthy Haarlem citizens to found Hofjes in their name on their death.
153:' the regents of the Poor men's almshouse and the regents of the St. Elisabeth Gasthuys can be seen. Many guilds kept hofjes for their own aging members. When the guilds were disbanded under the French occupation in 1794, the guild regents kept their role as hofje regents, since the hofjes were at that time still quite wealthy. With the
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It was the duty of the regents to care for the books and the behavior of the members. Many hofjes were quite wealthy, due to the high turnover of its members, who had to donate all of their possessions to the hofje in order to be accepted for living there. Other sources of income were lotteries, that
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What we would call 'social work' today was called charity work in earlier centuries. Hofjes in
Haarlem are the remnants of charity work that were founded by defunct community structures that were divided by religious order and social class, but all more or less guided by the then prevailing need to
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When talking of hofjes, most people refer to the name given to the buildings themselves, but the foundations they are based on may have moved premises several times since the original foundation date, and even changed their names. Hofjes in
Haarlem were primarily the result of generous bequests by
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were organized to build new premises or restore old ones. The living conditions between the various hofjes varied substantially, with each religious order competing to keep the most luxurious one. Today most of the surviving hofjes receive their income from housing rents.
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wealthy men or women in their own name, rather than from any group religious or municipal effort. Most hofjes were meant for elderly women, because there were far more poor aged women in the streets than poor aged men. However, after the
137:, this hospital is no longer run by the Haarlem council, but still exists and is called the Kennemer Gasthuis today. The former buildings in the Groot Heiligland house a community center and have been converted to homes.
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in
Haarlem in 1566, the Catholics (and their hofjes) were forced underground, and many became quite poor. When the 'Oudemannenhuis' opened in 1609, many of the poor men who were accepted were Catholics.
110:, meaning "as brutal as the Haarlem executioner". This morbid practise was only stopped in the beginning of the seventeenth century. The Haarlem leper colony,
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or a hofje, had a group of five regents or regentesses. Whenever there was a change of board members, a commemorative painting would be made. In paintings by
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in 1810 however, the lack of revenues from both government bonds and guild membership dues was sorely felt and many hofjes went bankrupt and were disbanded.
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In
Haarlem the city council became responsible for acts of mercy on a grand scale when the leper colony was founded outside the city walls in the town of
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today) where it operated from 1581 to 1971. Originally a church institution, it was now run by
Haarlem council members, due to the
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In 1347, the first mention of a 'Gasthuys' is made in
Haarlem archives. After the leper colony was founded (in the name of
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Deugd boven geweld, Een geschiedenis van
Haarlem, 1245-1995, edited by Gineke van der Ree-Scholtens, 1995,
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The hofjes are managed by five board members called regents. Any community structure in
Haarlem, be it a
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is one of the hofjes in
Haarlem that is still in use the way the original founders wanted it in 1760.
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400 Jaar St. Elisabeth's of Groote
Gasthuis te Haarlem; A.F. Gaarlandt-Kist, Leeuwarden 1981
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42:. Some of them are still in use with boards of regents. Many of these are members of the
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in 1393. For centuries from all over Holland, lepers had to come to Haarlem to get an
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or proof of leprosy, as a legal permit to beg. Similarly, the Haarlem
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66:. This doorway was used as an entrance from 1581 to the 20th century.
98:, or city executioner, "freed" prisoners all over the country from
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was the first city hospital of Haarlem and associated with the
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by chopping their heads off. This led to the Dutch saying
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Central courtyard and main building of Johan Enschedé Hof
550:, Dr. G. H. Kurtz, Schuyt & Co C.V., Haarlem, 1972,
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561:Door gangen en poorten naar de hofjes van Haarlem
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188:List of Haarlem hofjes (by year of foundation)
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513:Haarlem Shuffle - Haarlem's Secret Gardens
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114:, still exists and is currently a museum.
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251:Lutherse hofje & Frans Loenenhofje
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366:Onse Lieve Vrouwegasthuis op Bakenes
332:Some of the larger hofjes in Haarlem
223:Wijnbergs hofje & Hofje van Loo
133:. Since the German occupation of
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518:Video tour of Haarlem's Hofjes
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416:Hofje Codde en Van Beresteijn
452:Hofje van Willem Heythuijsen
79:perform the Christian Seven
34:is one of the cities in the
362:Vrouwe- en Antonie Gasthuys
237:Vrouwe- en Antonie Gasthuis
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44:Stichting Haarlemse Hofjes
440:Hofje van Guurtje de Waal
434:Hofje In den Groenen Tuin
355:Onse Lieve Vrouwegasthuis
209:Hofje In den Groenen Tuin
392:St. Elisabeth's Gasthuis
60:St. Elisabeth's Gasthuys
523:Haarlemse Hofjes Krant
472:(or 1787, see article)
131:Protestant Reformation
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381:Sint Maartensgasthuis
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38:that has a number of
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16:Almshouses in Haarlem
370:Sint Antoniegasthuis
351:St. Barbara Gasthuis
329:class=notpageimage|
584:History of Haarlem
501:Johan Enschedé Hof
489:Remonstrants Hofje
483:Hofje van Oorschot
293:Hofje van Oorschot
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414:1609 & 1684:
405:Frans Hals Museum
399:Frans Loenenhofje
340:Hofje van Bakenes
307:Hofje van Bakenes
127:Frans Hals Museum
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477:Hofje van Noblet
464:Hofje van Staats
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495:Gravinnehof
446:Zuiderhofje
364:(Merger of
181:Reformation
112:Het Dolhuys
36:Netherlands
578:Categories
529:References
177:iconoclasm
155:tiercering
151:Frans Hals
141:Management
92:attestatie
100:Amsterdam
179:of the
170:Origins
88:Schoten
32:Haarlem
589:Hofjes
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368:, and
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161:Wealth
40:hofjes
147:guild
104:Ghent
565:ISBN
552:ISBN
539:ISBN
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