Earring - Knowledge (XXG)

343: 389: 1450:, were originally developed for physicians' use, but became widely used in retail settings. Today more and more people in the Western world have their ears pierced with an ear-piercing instrument in specialty jewellery or accessory stores, in beauty salons and in pharmacies; however, some choose to do it at home using disposable ear-piercing kits. An earlobe piercing performed with an ear-piercing instrument is often described as feeling similar to being pinched, or being snapped by a rubber band. Piercing with this method, especially for cartilage piercings, is not recommended by many piercing professionals, as it is claimed by some to cause 864: 1059:– Barbells are composed of a thin, straight metal rod with a bead permanently fixed to one end. The other end is threaded, either externally or tapped with an internal thread, and the other bead is screwed into place after the barbell is inserted through the ear. Since the threads on externally threaded barbells tend to irritate the piercing, internal threads have become the most common variety. Another variation are threadless barbells or press-fit jewelry, with a hollow post, a fixed back disk and a front end that is attached with a slightly bend pin that is inserted into the post. 323: 358: 1089: 308: 506: 373: 1198: 406: 1511:

documented cases of severe infections of the upper ear following piercing with an ear piercing instrument, which required courses of antibiotics to clear up. There are many ways that an infection can occur: the most common way is when the person that got pierced decides to take out the piercing too early. According to the A.M.A. the proper waiting period to change or take out a piercing with substantially less risk of infection would be three weeks.

969: 702: 1101: 2811: 289: 1032: 142: 977: 642: 1465:. Some piercers may use a forceps or clamp to hold the earlobe during the piercing, while others pierce the ear freehand. After the desired placement of the piercing has been marked, the piercer positions the needle tip at the desired place and angle, and quickly pushes the needle fully through the earlobe. Immediately after the piercing, a cork can be placed on the needle tip behind the earlobe; if a 881: 6460: 1369: 1137: 36: 839: 654: 1436: 942:. In this design, the earring is constructed of a continuous piece of solid metal, which penetrates through the ear and can be rotated almost 360°. One of the ends is permanently attached to a small piece of metallic tubing or a hollow metallic bead. The other end is inserted into the tubing or bead, and is held in place by tension. One special type of hoop earring is the 1526:. However, modern piercing techniques make this risk extremely small (the risk being greater to the piercer than to the pierced due to the potential splash-back of blood). There has never been a documented case of HIV transmission due to ear/body piercing or tattooing, although there have been instances of the Hepatitis B virus being transmitted through these practices. 2825: 933:. Hoop earrings generally come in the form of a hoop of metal that can be opened to pass through the ear piercing. They are often constructed of metal tubing, with a thin wire attachment penetrating the ear. The hollow tubing is permanently attached to the wire at the front of the ear, and slips into the tube at the back. The entire device is held together by 1474:

normally disinfect the earlobe with alcohol prior to piercing, and mark the intended point of piercing, providing the client the opportunity to confirm that the position is correct, or to have the mark repositioned. Once the client agrees upon the intended placement of the piercing on the ear, the piercing is usually completed within a few minutes.

502:'s tomb that the Pharaoh's earlobes were perforated, but no earrings were inside the wrappings, although the tomb contained some. The burial mask's ears were perforated as well, but the holes were covered with golden discs. That implies that at the time, earrings were only worn in Egypt by children, much like in Egypt of Carter's times. 918: 1053:, are a style of body piercing jewelry that is an almost 360° ring with a small gap for insertion through the ear. The gap is closed with a small bead that is held in place by the ring's tension. Larger gauge ball closure rings exhibit considerable tension, and may require ring expanding pliers for insertion and removal of the bead. 275:, and other materials. Designs range from small hoops and studs to large plates and dangling items. The size is ultimately limited by the physical capacity of the earlobe to hold the earring without tearing. However, heavy earrings worn over extended periods of time may lead to stretching of the earlobe and the piercing. 826:, or pincher, which as the name suggests, is shaped like a crescent moon and is tapered at both ends. Talons and claws may also be quite ornamental (e.g.: carved in the form of a serpent or dragon). Consequently, they may prove to be an impractical choice of jewelry as they may snag on hair, clothing, etc. 1891:

protection against evil. The popularity of earrings is evident in major cultures of the ancient world. In the middle Minoan period (2000–1600 BCE), gold, silver, and bronze hoop earrings with tapered ends were popular. In the late Minoan and early Mycenaean periods, the hoop evolved with a conical pendant.

1481:

pierced ears continuously for at least six months, and sometimes up to a year. Cartilage piercings require more healing time (up two to three times as long) than earlobe piercings. Even after fully healing, earlobe piercings tend to shrink in the prolonged absence of earrings, and may in some cases close.

1065:– Circular barbells are similar to ball-closure rings, except that they have a larger gap, and have a permanently attached bead at one end, and a threaded bead at the other, like barbells. This allows for much easier insertion and removal than with ball closure rings, but at the loss of a continuous look. 1480:

Initial healing time for an earlobe piercing is typically six to eight weeks. Subsequently, earrings can be changed, but if the piercing is left open for an extended period of time, there is some risk that it may close, requiring re-piercing. Piercing professionals recommend wearing earrings in newly

1271:

portion of the external ears which have had one or more holes or "piercings" created in them for the wearing of earrings. Piercings become permanent when the tract around the starter earring epithelializes during the healing period following the initial piercing, and are sometimes mischaracterised as

709:

Multiple piercings in one or both ears first emerged in mainstream America in the 1970s. Initially, the trend was for women to wear a second set of earrings in the earlobes, or for men to double-pierce a single earlobe. Asymmetric styles with more and more piercings became popular, eventually leading

666:

By the early 1970s, ear piercing was common among women, thus creating a broader market for the procedure. Department stores throughout the country would hold ear piercing events, sponsored by earring manufacturers. At these events, a nurse or other trained person would perform the procedure, either

1473:

Regardless of whether their ear piercing is to be performed with an ear-piercing instrument or a needle, the client will first select their desired piercing jewellery, sign any consent forms, and is usually seated so that the piercer is able perform the piercing with ease. Ear-piercing practitioners

1423:

which gradually pushed through the earlobe. However, these could easily slip from their initial placement position, often resulting in considerable discomfort, and often would not penetrate fully through the earlobe without additional pressure being applied. This method fell into disuse owing to the

984:

Dangle earrings (also known as drop earrings) are designed to suspend from the bottoms of the earlobes. Their lengths vary from a centimeter or two, all the way to brushing the wearer's shoulders. A pierced dangle earring is generally attached to the ear with a thin wire passing through the earlobe.

759:

Ear piercing is mentioned in the Bible in several contexts. The most familiar refers to a Hebrew slave who was to be freed in the seventh year of servitude but wishes to continue serving his master and refuses to go free: "…his master shall take him before God. He shall be brought to the door or the

1890:

The Fayum mummy portraits from Hawara dating from the first to the third centuries CE depict several females with various styles of earrings. In most cases, the portraits are thought to represent Greek colonists living in Egypt. Some early Greeks wore earrings for the purposes of fashion as well as

1510:

With cartilage piercing, the blunt force of an ear piercing instrument will traumatize the cartilage, and therefore make healing more difficult. Also, because there is substantially less blood flow in ear cartilage than in the earlobe, infection is a much more serious issue. There have been several

1469:

has been used, the needle is withdrawn, leaving the plastic sheath in place through the new piercing. Depending on the type of starting earring the client has selected, the piercer then inserts the jewellery into the end of the needle or cannula sheath, and guides it through the new piercing either

959:

A drop earring attaches to the earlobe and features a gemstone or ornament that dangles down from a chain, hoop, or similar object. The length of these ornaments vary from the very short to the extravagantly long. Such earrings are occasionally known as droplet earrings, dangle earrings, or pendant

950:

sleepers, which were common in Britain in the 1960s and 1970s, comprise two semi-circular gold wires connected via a tiny hinge at one end, and fastened via a small clasp at the other, to form a continuous hoop whose fastening mechanism is effectively invisible to the naked eye. Because their small

888:

The main characteristic of a stud earring is the appearance of floating on the ear or earlobe without a visible (from the front) point of connection. A stud earring features a gemstone or other ornament mounted on a narrow post that passes straight through a piercing in the ear or earlobe, which is

1506:

for contact allergies to the nickel in jewelry. Earlobe tearing during the healing period or after healing is complete can be minimized by not wearing earrings, especially wire-based dangle earrings, during activities in which they are likely to become snagged, such as while playing sports. Also,

1254:

Where most earrings worn in the western world are designed to be removed easily to be changed at will, earrings can also be permanent (non-removable). They were once used as a mark of slavery or ownership. They appear today in the form of larger gauge rings which are difficult or impossible for a

955:

are so-called because they were intended to be worn at night to keep a pierced ear from closing, and were often the choice for the first set of earrings immediately following the ear piercing in the decades before ear-piercing guns using studs became commonplace, but are often a fashion choice in

1408:

may be drawn through the piercing and tied, as a device for keeping the piercing open during the healing process. Alternatively, a gold stud or wire earring may be directly inserted into the fresh piercing as the initial retaining device. Home methods are often unsafe and risky owing to improper

778:

Barbell earrings get their name from their resemblance to a barbell, generally coming in the form of a metal bar with an orb on either end. One of these orbs is affixed in place, while the other can be detached to allow the barbell to be inserted into a piercing. Several variations on this basic

1335:

Like any other cartilage piercing, helix piercings may be painful to receive, and bumping or tugging on them by accident during healing can cause irritation. When they are left alone and not being irritated or touched, there is typically no discomfort. Piercers recommended avoiding unnecessary

1470:

forwards or backwards, and finally attaches either a clasp (for a standard earring post) or labret stud (if a flatback labret has been used). The piercer then disinfects the newly pierced lobe again. Once the piercing has been completed, the used needles and cannulas are then disposed of.

1489:

The health risks with conventional earlobe piercing are common but tend to be minor, particularly if proper technique and hygienic procedures are followed. One study found that up to 35 percent of persons with pierced ears had one or more complications, including minor

1209:

Clip-on earrings – Clip-on earrings have existed longer than any other variety of non-pierced earrings. The clip itself is a two-part piece attached to the back of an earring. The two pieces closed around the earlobe, using mechanical pressure to hold the earring in

1006:

Ear thread, or earthreader, ear string, or threader earrings, are a chain that is thin enough to slip into the ear hole, dangling down at the back. Sometimes, people add beads or other materials onto the chain, so the chain dangles with beads below the ear.

1081:– Flesh tunnels, also known as eyelets or bullet holes, are similar to plugs; however, they are hollow in the middle. Flesh tunnels are most commonly used in larger gauge piercings either because weight is a concern to the wearer or for aesthetic reasons. 989:

design, the wire passes through the earlobe piercing without closure, although small plastic or silicone retainers are sometimes used on ends. Rarely, dangle earrings use the post attachment design. There are also variants that attach without piercing.

1403:

A long-standing home method involves using ice as a local anesthetic, a sewing needle, a burning match or rubbing alcohol for disinfection, and a semi-soft object, such as a potato, cork, bar of soap, or rubber eraser, to hold the ear in place.

1259:, though this poses some risks due to toxicity of metals used in soldering and the risk of burns from the heat involved. Besides permanent installations, locking earrings are occasionally worn due to their personal symbolism or erotic value. 834:

Statement earrings can be defined as "earrings which invite attention from others by demonstrating bold, original, and unique designs with innovative construction and material combinations". They include one or more of the following design

1428: 741:, while common in indigenous cultures for thousands of years, began to appear in Western society in the 1990s, and is now fairly common. However, these forms of ear piercing are still infrequent compared to standard ear piercing. 1292:

called the "concha", the hollow next to the ear canal, for the purpose of inserting and wearing jewelry. Conch piercings have become popular among young women in recent decades as part of a trend for multiple ear piercings.

602:

in his Chronicle (1577) observes: "Some lusty courtiers and gentlemen of courage do wear either rings of gold, stones or pearls in their ears, whereby they imagine the workmanship of God to be not a little amended." Among

433:, with artistic and written references from cultures around the world dating back to early history. Gold earrings, along with other jewelry made of gold, lapis lazuli, and carnelian were found in the ancient sites in 1276:. The piercings do not form fully if the starter earrings are removed prematurely, or if earrings are not worn in the piercings for a longer period, depending on the recency with which the ear was pierced. 937:

between the wire and the tube. Other hoop designs do not complete the circle, but penetrate through the ear in a post, using the same attachment techniques that apply to stud earrings. A variation is the

1982: 756:

Similar customs are practiced in other Asian countries, including Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Laos, although traditionally most males wait to get their ears pierced until they have reached young adulthood.

1075:

pieces of jewelry. Some plugs have flared ends to hold them in place, others require small elastic rubber rings (O-rings) to keep them from falling out. They are usually used in large-gauge piercings.

897:

or scroll fitting). To prevent their loss, the posts of some more expensive stud earrings made of precious metals or containing precious stones, such as solitaire diamonds, are threaded, allowing a

1458:, potentially increasing the risk of infection. Piercing the cartilage of the ear with an ear-piercing instrument has been known to shatter the cartilage and lead to more serious complications. 1042:

is often used for ear piercings, and is selected for a variety of reasons including the availability of larger gauges, better piercing techniques, and a reduced risk of healing complications.

1220:

Stick-on earrings – Stick-on earrings are adhesive-backed items which stick to the skin of the earlobe and simulate the look of a (pierced) stud earring. They are considered a novelty item.

529:

make a god for them. It is written that he commanded them to bring their sons' and daughters' earrings (and other pieces of jewelry) to him in order that he might comply with their demand (

1454:

to the skin, and that it takes longer to heal than needle piercing. In addition, the external housing of most ear-piercing instruments is made of plastic, which cannot be sterilized in an

998:

Huggy earrings are hoops that closely follow the curve of the earlobe, instead of dangling down beneath it as in regular hoop earrings. Commonly, stones are channel set in huggy earrings.

1234:

The hoop – A hoop threads over the ear and hangs from just inside the ear, above where ears are pierced. Mobiles or other dangles can be hung from the hoop to create a variety of styles.

1565:

as a component of alloys used in the production of earrings – however the ingredients declared by producer are not significant, because nickel is a standard component of jewellery.

1213:

Magnetic earrings – Magnetic earrings simulate the look of a (pierced) stud earring by attaching to the earlobe with a magnetic back that hold the earring in place on by

342: 1388:

ear spirals are shown but many materials are used. Some designs are quite ornate and may include decorative appendages flaring from the underlying concentric pattern.

1990: 4461: 698:

was a prominent example. As of now, it is widely acceptable for teenage and pre-teen boys to have both ears pierced as well simply as a fashion statement.

2677: 1514:

For all ear piercings, the use of a sterilized hollow piercing needle tends to minimize the trauma to the tissue and minimize the chances of contracting a

1226:

An alternative which is often used is bending a wire or even just using the ring portion of a CBR to put on the earlobe, which stays on by pinching the ear

909:

Heart earrings are earrings in the form of the heart. They can be in the normal wearing degree and also they can be in a rotation of 180° wearing degree.

1477:

In tribal cultures and among some neo-primitive body-piercing enthusiasts, piercings are performed using other tools, such as animal or plant organics.

1023:

Chandelier earrings have an appearance similar to that of chandeliers, with a design that dangles below the ear and is wider at the base than the top.

749:

According to Hindu dharma tradition, most girls and some boys (especially the "twice-born") get their ears pierced as part of a Dharmic rite known as

1088: 2269: 3860: 548:

also, earrings were worn mainly by women, though they were popular among men in early periods and had resurfaced later on, as famous figures like

2186: 2159: 2086: 492:. The carved images of soldiers of the Persian Empire, displayed on some of the surviving walls of the palace, show them wearing an earring. 3103: 1461:

An alternative method that has been growing in popularity since the 1990s is the use of the same hollow piercing needles that are used in

618:, where they performed the procedure on one another. By the mid-1960s, some physicians offered ear piercing as a service. Simultaneously, 1561:

In Professor Ewa Czarnobilska's view (the manager of the research team) the main reason of allergy (listed by allergists) is presence of

1223:

Spring hoop earrings – Spring hoops are almost indistinguishable from standard hoop earrings and stay in place by means of spring force.

6421: 2857: 710:

to the cartilage piercing trend. Double ear piercing in newborn babies is a phenomenon in Central America, in particular in Costa Rica.

484:

hoop earrings with conical pendants were fashionable. Early evidence of earrings worn by men can be seen in archeological evidence from

445: 1518:

infection during the procedure. As with any invasive procedure, there is always a risk of infection from blood borne pathogens such as

4420: 4382: 2797: 2779: 2765: 2751: 2737: 2723: 2709: 2695: 1883: 1787: 1750: 1184: 388: 119: 2509: 4441: 4356: 2576: 6377: 2076: 1100: 2201:

The Piercing Bible: The Definitive Guide to Safe Body Piercing, Elayne Angel Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale, 16 Feb 2011, p72

956:

themselves because of their attractive simplicity and because they subtly call attention to the fact that the ear is pierced.

4361: 2128: 1162: 146:

Types of earring: 1- helix/cartilage, 2- industrial, 3- rook, 4- daith, 5- tragus, 6- snug, 7- conch, 8- anti-tragus, 9- lobe

57: 1761:

Crocus gatherers, detail of the east wall of room 3 of building Xeste 3, Akrotiri, Thera (Cyclades) Greece, c. 1650-1625 BCE

1719: 863: 1558:

Researchers observed a correlation between the piercing of young girls' earlobes and subsequent development of allergies.

2333: 2397: 1779: 213:

or another external part of the ear (except in the case of clip earrings, which clip onto the lobe), or, less often, by

2176: 2149: 1231:

Ear hook earrings – A large hook like the fish hook that is big enough to hook and hang over the whole ear and dangles.

760:

doorpost, and his master shall pierce his ear with an awl, and he shall then remain his slave for life" (Exodus 21:6).

6488: 4283: 3853: 686:

performers to have pierced ears helped establish a fashion trend for men. This was later adopted by many professional

521:

Other early evidence of earring-wearing is evident in the Biblical record. In Exodus 32:1–4, it is written that while

410: 322: 100: 1147: 753:

before they are about five years old. Infants may get their ears pierced as early as several days after their birth.

2322: 1412:

Another method for piercing ears, introduced in the 1960s, was the use of sharpened spring-loaded earrings known as

236:). The simple term "ear piercing" usually refers to an earlobe piercing, whereas piercings in the upper part of the 72: 6431: 3893: 2295: 2017: 1503: 1237:

Ear screws – Screwed onto the lobe, allow for exact adjustment—an alternative for those who find clips too painful.

1166: 1151: 46: 5764: 3314: 599: 560: 217:. Earrings have been worn in diverse civilizations and historic periods, often carrying a cultural significance. 2227: 1773: 1317:

itself is usually made with a small gauge hollow piercing needle, and typical jewelry would be a small diameter

357: 6426: 4240: 4207: 4136: 3150: 2972: 1158: 363:

11th century Iranian earrings with pendant chains. Iranian origins confirmed by the reflexive-spiral terminal.

79: 53: 2815: 678:

In the late 1970s, amateur piercings, sometimes with safety pins or multiple piercings, became popular in the

3981: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3781: 3155: 2874: 2850: 2714:

Jolly, Penny Howell, "Marked Difference: Earrings and 'The Other' in Fifteenth-Century Flemish Artwork," in

2215: 1443: 1384:. It is worn in ears that have been stretched and normally held in place only by its own downward pressure. 811: 672: 244:

piercings". Cartilage piercings are more complex to perform than earlobe piercings and take longer to heal.

2254: 6436: 5769: 4413: 4387: 4258: 3846: 2616:"Contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis among school children and teenagers with eczema" 1357: 1353: 622:

jewelry stores were some of the earliest commercial, non-medical locations for having one's ears pierced.

307: 1255:

person to remove without assistance. Occasionally, hoop earrings are permanently installed by the use of

607:, a pierced earlobe was a symbol that the wearer had sailed around the world or had crossed the equator. 563:

forbade Ainu men to wear earrings in the late-19th century. Earrings were also commonplace among nomadic

86: 6483: 5018: 4366: 4298: 4126: 3681: 2683:

This source has a summary description of archaeological and artistic finds as of the early 20th century.

1039: 960:

earrings. They also include chandelier earrings, which branch out into elaborate, multi-level pendants.

594:, earrings became fashionable among English courtiers and gentlemen in the sixteenth century during the 510: 1642:

Research studying a sample of 428 pupils, age seven and eight, and sixteen and seventeen noticed that:

1245:– Wrap around the outer cartilage (similar to a conch piercing) and may be chained to a lobe piercing. 505: 6409: 5469: 4456: 4351: 3518: 3175: 2829: 2211: 441: 2702:

Pierced and Pretty: The Complete Guide to Ear Piercing, Pierced Earrings, and How to Create Your Own

1850: 68: 6278: 4846: 4756: 4451: 4316: 4263: 4019: 3999: 3513: 1329: 1072: 934: 726: 718: 595: 473: 461: 1576:(e.g. to milk), meanwhile the reason is contact with the earring (precisely nickel ions) with the 810:

may also be used to prevent the talon from becoming dislodged when worn. Common materials include

540:, as a general rule, they were considered exclusively female ornaments. During certain periods in 372: 6493: 5995: 5158: 5047: 5013: 5008: 4981: 4851: 4751: 4278: 4248: 3936: 2922: 2902: 2843: 2645: 2469: 2133: 1964: 1956: 1675: 1451: 1325: 1120: 1062: 1056: 1015:

A type of dangling bell-shaped traditional earrings mostly worn by women of Indian subcontinent.

738: 575:

from ancient times to the present day. And it was common that men and women wear earrings during

364: 173: 169: 951:

size makes them unobtrusive and comfortable, and because they are normally otherwise unadorned,

1903:

The Tomb of Tut-Ankh-Amen: Discovered by the Late Earl of Carnarvon and Howard Carter, Volume 3

405: 6441: 6365: 6308: 6214: 6141: 6025: 5821: 5759: 5535: 5520: 5494: 5275: 5104: 5057: 5042: 4766: 4709: 4446: 4406: 4331: 4288: 4268: 4253: 4230: 4162: 4110: 3966: 3946: 3369: 2952: 2793: 2775: 2761: 2747: 2733: 2719: 2705: 2691: 2637: 2461: 2409: 2372: 2182: 2155: 2082: 2011: 1948: 1879: 1783: 1746: 1607: 1595:. Even though the children ceased wearing earrings, it can appear as an allergic reaction to: 1495: 1318: 1289: 1046: 968: 598:. Revealing of attitudes at the time, and commenting on the degeneracy of his contemporaries, 481: 430: 165: 6446: 6303: 6234: 6219: 5848: 5557: 5003: 4966: 4841: 4776: 4734: 4582: 4346: 4172: 4070: 4065: 4024: 3961: 3956: 3908: 3279: 3108: 3062: 2982: 2627: 2451: 2440:"The epidemiology of contact allergy in the general population—prevalence and main findings" 2362: 1940: 1757:

Two elegantly dressed young women bedecked with bracelets and hoop earrings gather crocuses.

1577: 1068: 730: 701: 541: 477: 294: 2035: 1583:

Ceasing of wearing earrings by children does not result in vanishing allergy symptoms. The

6464: 6392: 6345: 6154: 6010: 5932: 5895: 5831: 5562: 5474: 5459: 5411: 5330: 5325: 5280: 5197: 5175: 4876: 4836: 4592: 4544: 4341: 4336: 4326: 4220: 4192: 4157: 4131: 4105: 4099: 4090: 4039: 4034: 4029: 3971: 3941: 3374: 3309: 3120: 3093: 2351:"Canadian Medical Association Journal – Navel gazing: a clinical glimpse at body piercing" 2337: 2326: 2039: 1400:" methods using household items to medically sterile methods using specialized equipment. 1197: 946:, a circular wire normally made of gold, with a diameter of approximately one centimeter. 922: 714: 713:

A variety of specialized cartilage piercings have since become popular. These include the

695: 514: 379: 237: 225: 221: 5290: 1803: 2671: 2513: 6372: 6159: 6005: 5836: 5826: 5752: 5671: 5464: 5391: 5228: 5153: 5138: 5089: 5074: 5069: 5030: 4971: 4928: 4921: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4699: 4664: 4273: 4225: 4197: 4182: 4141: 4060: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3727: 3671: 3659: 3588: 3232: 3170: 2947: 1397: 1214: 1031: 734: 691: 591: 564: 313: 288: 2810: 141: 6477: 6397: 6387: 6360: 6350: 6320: 6291: 5878: 5841: 5816: 5811: 5698: 5406: 5310: 5305: 5202: 5192: 5187: 5143: 4881: 4871: 4816: 4677: 4215: 4187: 4177: 4095: 3898: 3883: 3869: 3802: 3732: 3691: 3359: 3113: 3098: 3047: 2666: 2632: 2615: 2456: 2439: 2367: 2013:

For appearance' sake: the historical encyclopedia of good looks, beauty, and grooming

1968: 1660: 1602: 1584: 1462: 722: 683: 630: 611: 495: 329: 206: 93: 2649: 2552: 2473: 2103: 1826: 976: 6404: 6224: 5545: 5431: 5426: 5300: 5238: 5165: 4988: 4811: 4781: 4724: 4490: 4167: 4080: 4055: 3951: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3769: 3722: 3552: 3498: 3284: 3165: 3125: 3017: 2021: 1649:

allergy occurred for many girls who had started wearing earrings in early childhood

1573: 1538: 1502:(2.5 percent), and traumatic tearing (2.5 percent). Pierced ears are a significant 1107: 1078: 687: 633:

communities, although they had been popular among sailors for decades (or longer).

545: 298: 880: 779:

design exist, including barbells with curves or angles in the bar of the earring.

641: 1352:) piercing is a piercing which passes through the anti-helix of the ear from the 929:

Hoop earrings are circular or semi-circular in design and look very similar to a

6325: 6286: 6020: 6015: 5980: 5900: 5806: 5681: 5661: 5656: 5594: 5584: 5579: 5567: 5550: 5530: 5525: 5285: 5233: 5223: 5182: 5094: 5023: 4976: 4826: 4821: 4719: 4607: 4602: 4527: 3888: 3764: 3654: 3493: 3443: 3438: 3354: 3196: 3072: 3022: 2897: 2892: 2614:

Czarnobilska E.; Oblutowicz K.; Dyga W.; Wsołek-Wnek K.; Śpiewak R. (May 2009).

2350: 2060: 1368: 1306: 1136: 930: 556: 537: 499: 229: 35: 838: 6269: 6244: 6239: 6174: 6164: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6000: 5947: 5853: 5779: 5676: 5639: 5621: 5421: 5370: 5248: 5243: 5207: 5099: 5084: 4943: 4933: 4911: 4886: 4729: 4687: 4637: 4632: 4517: 3976: 3598: 3543: 3418: 3331: 3299: 3289: 3191: 3140: 3077: 3052: 2927: 2330: 1435: 750: 485: 395: 333: 177: 2417: 1952: 464:(2000–1600 BCE) and examples can be seen on frescoes on the Aegean island of 6459: 6313: 6296: 6204: 6121: 5942: 5914: 5747: 5693: 5611: 5572: 5540: 5340: 5295: 5170: 5148: 4938: 4793: 4771: 4642: 4617: 4597: 4311: 4306: 4084: 3903: 3744: 3737: 3608: 3603: 3583: 3508: 3433: 3427: 3408: 3304: 3245: 3160: 3057: 2992: 2967: 2957: 2887: 2866: 2789: 2681:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 798–799. 1694: 1612: 1519: 1491: 1455: 1349: 1268: 868: 819: 803: 679: 653: 625:

In the late 1960s, ear piercing began to make inroads among men through the

619: 465: 241: 17: 2641: 2465: 2413: 2376: 1507:

larger gauge jewelry will lessen the chance of the earring being torn out.

1309:

or upper ear cartilage for the purpose of inserting and wearing a piece of

2824: 1336:

touching of helix piercings during healing, which can take 6 to 9 months.

917: 806:. The thickest end is generally flared and may be decorated, and a rubber 6249: 6194: 6169: 6126: 6111: 6040: 5990: 5985: 5962: 5937: 5927: 5922: 5890: 5873: 5774: 5725: 5688: 5616: 5606: 5515: 5507: 5454: 5396: 5365: 5345: 5253: 5079: 5062: 5037: 4998: 4993: 4916: 4866: 4861: 4803: 4692: 4682: 4622: 4574: 4549: 4500: 4495: 4472: 4429: 3812: 3786: 3775: 3712: 3639: 3578: 3568: 3563: 3523: 3463: 3453: 3413: 3395: 3384: 3379: 3294: 3250: 3135: 3130: 3067: 3007: 2997: 2962: 2937: 2912: 2907: 2581: 2319: 2270:"The curated ear: why delicate, decorative piercings are the new tattoos" 2232: 1515: 1381: 1324:

Sometimes, two helix piercings hold the same piece of jewelry, usually a

1314: 890: 823: 800: 414: 260: 1427: 6416: 6382: 6355: 6199: 6184: 6179: 6149: 6098: 6088: 6083: 6030: 5975: 5952: 5791: 5737: 5732: 5644: 5601: 5401: 5052: 4958: 4786: 4746: 4739: 4627: 4612: 4532: 3807: 3717: 3629: 3538: 3503: 3488: 3473: 3458: 3448: 3321: 3255: 3206: 3145: 3002: 2977: 2772:

The Fashionable Ear: A History of Ear Piercing Trends for Men and Women

1466: 1310: 1273: 252: 233: 210: 198: 1960: 1928: 1035:

A navel curve used as an earring with a green gemmed ear stud above it

409:

A fresco depicting an elegantly dressed woman with hoop earrings from

6254: 6209: 6131: 6116: 6073: 5970: 5863: 5801: 5786: 5666: 5436: 5386: 5315: 4891: 4761: 4672: 4654: 4587: 4559: 4539: 4522: 4512: 4075: 3707: 3613: 3573: 3548: 3483: 3468: 3364: 3349: 3344: 3260: 3211: 3201: 2917: 2882: 1851:"Queen Puabi's Headdress from the Royal Cemetery at Ur - Penn Museum" 1620:

margarine (nickel is a catalyst in hydrogenation of unsaturated fats)

1569: 1562: 1543: 1534:

The most frequent complications connected with wearing earrings are:

1499: 1256: 1119:

For an explanation of how earring sizes are denoted, see the article

1049:– Captive bead rings, often abbreviated as CBRs and sometimes called 807: 626: 604: 584: 580: 489: 469: 457: 453: 434: 418: 247:

Earring components may be made of any number of materials, including

1944: 1743:

Gardner's Art through the Ages: Backpack Edition, Book A: Antiquity

6259: 6189: 5885: 5858: 5796: 5720: 5649: 5589: 5416: 5320: 5267: 5116: 4856: 4831: 4714: 4704: 4649: 4480: 4321: 3686: 3676: 3666: 3649: 3644: 3634: 3593: 3423: 3403: 3339: 3271: 3012: 2987: 2932: 1592: 1588: 1434: 1426: 1385: 1367: 1196: 1030: 985:

It may connect to itself with a small hook at the back, or in the

975: 967: 916: 879: 862: 815: 700: 576: 572: 568: 549: 526: 522: 504: 438: 404: 348: 256: 248: 610:

By the late 1950s or early 1960s, the practice re-emerged in the

6229: 6106: 6078: 6048: 5868: 5742: 5488: 5121: 4953: 4564: 4554: 3838: 3558: 3533: 3528: 3478: 3240: 2716:

Encountering Medieval Textiles and Dress: Objects, Texts, Images

1587:

remembers the presence of nickel ions that existed in someone's

1405: 449: 272: 268: 264: 4402: 3842: 2839: 2670: 1396:

A variety of techniques are used to pierce ears, ranging from "

5360: 4507: 4485: 1523: 1424:

popularity of faster and more successful piercing techniques.

1130: 705:

Newborn baby girl with triple ear piercings – Costa Rica 2012.

202: 155: 29: 2835: 4398: 220:

Locations for piercings other than the earlobe include the

214: 2579:[Polish scientists warn: earrings harm children]. 2487: 799:

is essentially a curved taper which is worn in stretched

2255:"Ear Piercing - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 2036:"Ainu: indigenous in every way but not by official fiat" 2577:"Polscy naukowcy ostrzegają: kolczyki szkodzą dzieciom" 690:. British men started piercing both ears in the 1980s; 2438:

Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menné T, Johansen JD (2007).

1530:

Research into the negative effects of wearing earrings

1494:(77 percent of pierced ear sites with complications), 889:

held in place behind the ear by means of a removable

555:

The practice of wearing earrings was a tradition for

2178:

How to Accessorize: A Perfect Finish to Every Outfit

2151:

The Style File: A Woman's Guide to Dress for Success

1646:

thirty percent of population were allergic to nickel

1431:

An ear being pierced with an ear-piercing instrument

525:

was up on Mount Sinai, the Israelites demanded that

6338: 6277: 6268: 6140: 6097: 6039: 5961: 5913: 5713: 5632: 5506: 5487: 5447: 5379: 5353: 5339: 5266: 5216: 5129: 5115: 4952: 4802: 4663: 4573: 4471: 4375: 4297: 4239: 4206: 4150: 4119: 4048: 3990: 3922: 3876: 3757: 3700: 3622: 3393: 3330: 3269: 3231: 3224: 3184: 3086: 3040: 3033: 2873: 2296:"Everything you need to know about helix piercings" 1380:is a thick spiral that is usually worn through the 183: 161: 151: 134: 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2758:Pagan Fleshworks: The Alchemy of Body Modification 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 1205:Several varieties of non-pierced earrings exist. 429:Ear piercing is one of the oldest known forms of 382:made of precious metals and gems, 19th century AD 571:. Lavish ear ornaments have remained popular in 2129:"Piercing Fad Is Turning Convention on Its Ear" 1983:"Perseus Under Philologic: Diog. Laert. 3.1.43" 884:Chandbali Earrings, Asansol, West Bengal, India 2718:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, pp. 195–208. 4414: 3854: 2851: 2534:Watson D. (Feb 2012). "Torn Earlobe Repair". 675:modified from the design used by physicians. 536:). By the classical period, including in the 8: 2508:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1617:meals cooked in pots with addition of nickel 682:community. By the 1980s, the trend for male 1165:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 893:back or clutch (sometimes referred to as a 6274: 5503: 5499: 5350: 5126: 4421: 4407: 4399: 3861: 3847: 3839: 3228: 3037: 2858: 2844: 2836: 2688:A World of Earrings: Africa, Asia, America 2510:"CDC Fact Sheet: HIV and Its Transmission" 1439:Healed pierced earlobe with a stud earring 1201:Modern lobe earring screwed onto the lobe. 140: 2631: 2553:Harmful earrings (pl. Szkodliwe kolczyki) 2455: 2366: 1653:Other symptoms of allergy to nickel are: 1185:Learn how and when to remove this message 671:through the earlobe by hand, or using an 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 1914: 1695:"Definition of earring | Dictionary.com" 1572:. This symptom is often justified to be 837: 2730:Earrings: From Antiquity to the Present 2728:Mascetti, Daniela and Triossi, Amanda, 1686: 1084: 2228:"No earrings give Cordone midas touch" 2062:Jewellery / by H. Clifford Smith, M.A. 1745:. : Cengage Learning. pp. 90–91. 1127:Clip-on and other non-pierced earrings 1094:Stretched ear piercing without jewelry 1027:Body piercing jewelry used as earrings 131: 2756:Mercury, Maureen and Haworth, Steve, 2555:Fizjointormator. Retrieved 2015-04-01 351:-period Korean earrings (6th century) 7: 1827:"Jewelry from The Royal Tombs of Ur" 1288:is a perforation of the part of the 1163:adding citations to reliable sources 901:to hold the stud securely in place. 867:Drop earring in Full Persian 6-in-1 460:hoop earrings were prevalent in the 58:adding citations to reliable sources 6422:Global trade of secondhand clothing 1568:Symptoms of allergy are visible as 737:, and conch piercing. In addition, 667:pushing a sharpened and sterilized 614:. Teenage girls were known to hold 4383:Body piercing regulation in the UK 2294:Edwards, Jess (13 December 2018). 1876:Cultural Encyclopedia of the Body 1409:sterilization and poor placement. 1115:Gauges and other measuring systems 972:Dangle earrings in a fair in India 25: 1267:Pierced ears are earlobes or the 27:Type of jewelry and body piercing 6458: 2823: 2809: 2704:, William Morrow and Co., 1988. 2633:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01537.x 2457:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01220.x 2398:"Complications of body piercing" 2175:Erlanger, Micaela (2018-04-03). 1135: 1099: 1087: 769:Modern standard pierced earrings 652: 640: 387: 371: 356: 341: 321: 316:sphinx earring, 2nd century BCE. 306: 287: 34: 3884:Contemporary piercing practices 1874:Pitts-Taylor, Victoria (2008). 1775:Ornament in Indian Architecture 1551:mechanical division of earlobes 45:needs additional citations for 2488:"American Medical Association" 2102:Beech, Georgina (2023-05-12). 2078:Encyclopedia of body adornment 1878:. : ABC-CLIO. pp. 94–95. 1804:"Earring — ca. 2600–2500 B.C." 1372:Ear spirals made out of glass. 980:A selection of dangle earrings 842:Pair of starter stud earrings. 659:A lobe and industrial piercing 552:were known to have worn them. 1: 2814:The dictionary definition of 2181:. Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. 1927:Notopoulos, James A. (1940). 530: 498:writes in his description of 422: 2148:Graves, Treva (2019-05-21). 2034:Ito, Masami (May 20, 2008). 1780:University of Delaware Press 1720:"Piercing? Stick to Earlobe" 2760:, Park Street Press, 2000. 2744:Body Bizarre Body Beautiful 2732:, Thames and Hudson, 1999. 2268:Kale, Sirin (3 July 2019). 6510: 6432:List of individual dresses 2127:Hall, Trish (1991-05-19). 2018:Greenwood Publishing Group 2010:Sherrow, Victoria (2001). 1929:"Porphyry's Life of Plato" 1106:16 mm (0.63 in) 513:depicted wearing earring. 240:are often referred to as " 6455: 5502: 4436: 3795: 2512:. Cdc.gov. Archived from 2349:Erica Weir (2001-03-20). 1741:Kleiner, Fred S. (2015). 1548:loss of tissue by tearing 561:Government of Meiji Japan 139: 4241:Female genital piercings 4208:Unisex genital piercings 2104:"100 Years Of Piercings" 1444:Ear-piercing instruments 1305:is a perforation of the 856:Bold or striking colours 3877:General piercing topics 3360:Nickel silver (alpacca) 2774:, Vantage Press, 1995. 2678:Encyclopædia Britannica 2585:(in Polish). 2014-08-26 2154:. Page Publishing Inc. 2075:Demello, Margo (2007). 1987:anastrophe.uchicago.edu 1831:sumerianshakespeare.com 1599:metal parts of wardrobe 1554:potential skin disorder 940:continuous hoop earring 673:ear-piercing instrument 559:men and women, but the 6437:Reconstructed clothing 4388:List of body piercings 4299:Male genital piercings 2770:Steinbach, Ronald D., 1440: 1432: 1373: 1202: 1036: 981: 973: 926: 885: 872: 843: 706: 518: 426: 4362:Reverse Prince Albert 3701:Other natural objects 1632:leguminous vegetables 1438: 1430: 1371: 1328:, which is called an 1200: 1071:– Earplugs are short 1040:Body piercing jewelry 1034: 979: 971: 920: 883: 876:Stud/minimal earrings 866: 841: 704: 511:George III of Imereti 508: 446:Early Dynastic period 408: 6378:Environmental impact 3176:Wire wrapped jewelry 3156:Repoussé and chasing 2832:at Wikimedia Commons 2331:BMEzine Encyclopedia 2216:Deuteronomy 15:16–17 1782:. 1991. p. 14. 1657:recurring infections 1159:improve this section 818:. A similar item of 616:ear-piercing parties 442:Royal Cemetery at Ur 54:improve this article 6465:Clothing portal 3718:Ebonite (vulcanite) 2536:Liver International 2396:Meltzer DI (2005). 1933:Classical Philology 1446:, sometimes called 1392:Piercing techniques 1330:industrial piercing 1019:Chandelier earrings 727:industrial piercing 719:antitragus piercing 596:English Renaissance 462:Minoan Civilization 297:earrings, reign of 6489:Types of jewellery 4284:Princess Albertina 3063:Jewellery designer 2746:, Fireside, 2001. 2686:van Cutsem, Anne, 2620:Contact Dermatitis 2444:Contact Dermatitis 2336:2011-04-20 at the 2325:2011-07-17 at the 2134:The New York Times 1676:Jewelry wire gauge 1452:blunt-force trauma 1441: 1433: 1374: 1290:external human ear 1250:Permanent earrings 1203: 1121:Body jewelry sizes 1051:ball closure rings 1047:Captive bead rings 1037: 982: 974: 927: 886: 873: 844: 830:Statement earrings 739:earlobe stretching 729:, helix piercing, 707: 519: 472:. During the late 427: 398:of Parthia, 2-4 AD 365:Khalili Collection 336:, 1st century BCE) 301:, 15th century BCE 232:(see image in the 6471: 6470: 6442:Right to clothing 6366:Halloween costume 6334: 6333: 6309:black lounge suit 5909: 5908: 5709: 5708: 5483: 5482: 5262: 5261: 4396: 4395: 3947:Captive bead ring 3836: 3835: 3753: 3752: 3623:Organic gemstones 3220: 3219: 2828:Media related to 2786:Modern Primitives 2188:978-1-5247-6115-8 2161:978-1-64462-832-4 2088:978-0-313-33695-9 1608:dental prosthesis 1496:allergic reaction 1448:ear-piercing guns 1319:captive bead ring 1195: 1194: 1187: 1063:Circular barbells 764:Types of earrings 482:Bronze Age Greece 478:Mycenaean periods 431:body modification 228:, and across the 191: 190: 166:Captive bead ring 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 6501: 6463: 6462: 6447:Vintage clothing 6275: 6220:Pocket protector 5504: 5500: 5460:Bodysuit, infant 5351: 5132:formal, informal 5127: 4967:Ceremonial dress 4423: 4416: 4409: 4400: 4049:Facial piercings 3914:Ear piercing gun 3909:Surface piercing 3863: 3856: 3849: 3840: 3280:Britannia silver 3229: 3038: 2860: 2853: 2846: 2837: 2827: 2813: 2682: 2674: 2672:"Ear-ring" 2654: 2653: 2635: 2611: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2590: 2573: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2521: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2495: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2459: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2416:. Archived from 2402:Am Fam Physician 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2383: 2370: 2346: 2340: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2241: 2224: 2218: 2208: 2202: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2114: 2099: 2093: 2092: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2057: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2031: 2025: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1998: 1989:. Archived from 1979: 1973: 1972: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1861: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1838: 1837: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1705: 1691: 1665:chronic larynxis 1578:lymphatic system 1244: 1243: 1190: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1170: 1139: 1131: 1103: 1091: 774:Barbell earrings 731:orbital piercing 656: 644: 535: 532: 424: 391: 380:herring earrings 375: 360: 345: 325: 310: 295:Ancient Egyptian 291: 215:some other means 201:attached to the 174:circular barbell 144: 132: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6457: 6451: 6393:made-to-measure 6346:Clothing fetish 6330: 6264: 6136: 6093: 6035: 6011:Square leg suit 5957: 5933:Blanket sleeper 5905: 5896:Sleeved blanket 5705: 5628: 5493: 5491: 5479: 5455:Bodysuit, adult 5443: 5375: 5343: 5335: 5258: 5212: 5131: 5119: 5111: 4957: 4948: 4798: 4659: 4593:Clerical collar 4569: 4467: 4466: 4432: 4427: 4397: 4392: 4371: 4293: 4235: 4202: 4146: 4137:Tongue frenulum 4115: 4100:Septum piercing 4044: 3986: 3918: 3872: 3867: 3837: 3832: 3791: 3749: 3738:Spondylus shell 3696: 3618: 3389: 3375:Stainless steel 3326: 3310:Sterling silver 3270:Precious metal 3265: 3233:Precious metals 3216: 3180: 3082: 3029: 2869: 2864: 2806: 2700:Holmes, Anita, 2690:, Skira, 2001. 2665: 2662: 2660:Further reading 2657: 2613: 2612: 2597: 2588: 2586: 2575: 2574: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2519: 2517: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2493: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2423: 2421: 2408:(10): 2029–34. 2395: 2394: 2390: 2381: 2379: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2338:Wayback Machine 2327:Wayback Machine 2318: 2314: 2304: 2302: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2239: 2237: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2189: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2162: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2112: 2110: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2044: 2042: 2040:The Japan Times 2033: 2032: 2028: 2009: 2005: 1996: 1994: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1901: 1897: 1886: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1859: 1857: 1855:www.penn.museum 1849: 1848: 1844: 1835: 1833: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1809: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1790: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1758: 1753: 1740: 1739: 1735: 1725: 1723: 1718:Davis, Jeanie. 1717: 1716: 1712: 1703: 1701: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1672: 1532: 1487: 1394: 1366: 1364:Spiral piercing 1342: 1299: 1282: 1265: 1252: 1241: 1240: 1191: 1180: 1174: 1171: 1156: 1140: 1129: 1117: 1110: 1104: 1095: 1092: 1029: 1021: 1013: 1011:Jhumka earrings 1004: 996: 966: 964:Dangle earrings 944:sleeper earring 923:stainless-steel 915: 907: 878: 832: 785: 776: 771: 766: 747: 715:tragus piercing 669:starter earring 664: 663: 662: 661: 660: 657: 649: 648: 645: 534: 1500 BCE 533: 515:Teramo Castelli 403: 402: 401: 400: 399: 392: 384: 383: 376: 368: 367: 361: 353: 352: 346: 338: 337: 326: 318: 317: 311: 303: 302: 292: 281: 147: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6507: 6505: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6476: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6380: 6375: 6373:Cross-dressing 6370: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6353: 6348: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6283: 6281: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6146: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6103: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5967: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5919: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5686: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5512: 5510: 5497: 5485: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5465:Long underwear 5462: 5457: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5392:Training pants 5389: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5357: 5355: 5348: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5135: 5133: 5124: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5016: 5011: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4963: 4961: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4796: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4669: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4483: 4477: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4426: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4212: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4152: 4151:Body piercings 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4123: 4121: 4120:Oral piercings 4117: 4116: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4093: 4088: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3996: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3933: 3931: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3843: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3799:Related topics 3796: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3400: 3398: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3336: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3324: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3276: 3274: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3171:Wire sculpture 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3096: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3020: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2879: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2855: 2848: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2821: 2805: 2804:External links 2802: 2801: 2800: 2782: 2768: 2754: 2740: 2726: 2712: 2698: 2684: 2669:, ed. (1911). 2667:Chisholm, Hugh 2661: 2658: 2656: 2655: 2626:(5): 264–269. 2595: 2557: 2545: 2526: 2500: 2490:. Ama-assn.org 2479: 2430: 2388: 2341: 2312: 2286: 2260: 2246: 2219: 2203: 2194: 2187: 2167: 2160: 2140: 2119: 2094: 2087: 2067: 2052: 2026: 2003: 1974: 1945:10.1086/362396 1939:(3): 284–293. 1919: 1917:, p. 798. 1907: 1895: 1884: 1866: 1842: 1818: 1795: 1788: 1765: 1751: 1733: 1710: 1699:dictionary.com 1685: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1661:asthma attacks 1658: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1541: 1531: 1528: 1498:(43 percent), 1486: 1483: 1414:self-piercers, 1398:do it yourself 1393: 1390: 1365: 1362: 1341: 1338: 1303:helix piercing 1298: 1297:Helix piercing 1295: 1286:conch piercing 1281: 1280:Conch piercing 1278: 1264: 1261: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1221: 1218: 1215:magnetic force 1211: 1193: 1192: 1143: 1141: 1134: 1128: 1125: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1105: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1076: 1066: 1060: 1054: 1028: 1025: 1020: 1017: 1012: 1009: 1003: 1000: 995: 994:Huggy earrings 992: 965: 962: 921:8 mm diameter 914: 911: 906: 905:Heart earrings 903: 877: 874: 861: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 831: 828: 784: 781: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 746: 743: 735:daith piercing 692:George Michael 658: 651: 650: 646: 639: 638: 637: 636: 635: 592:Western Europe 425:1650-1625 BCE. 393: 386: 385: 377: 370: 369: 362: 355: 354: 347: 340: 339: 327: 320: 319: 314:Greco-Bactrian 312: 305: 304: 293: 286: 285: 284: 283: 282: 280: 277: 261:precious stone 197:is a piece of 189: 188: 185: 181: 180: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 145: 137: 136: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6506: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6466: 6461: 6454: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6398:ready-to-wear 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6388:haute couture 6386: 6385: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6361:creature suit 6359: 6358: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6351:Clothing swap 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6305: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6292:morning dress 6290: 6289: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5960: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5880: 5879:dressing gown 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5490: 5486: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5407:Plastic pants 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5193:Princess line 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5144:Bouffant gown 5142: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5130:Formal, semi- 5128: 5125: 5123: 5118: 5114: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4882:Pedal pushers 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4419: 4417: 4412: 4410: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4357:Prince Albert 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4259:Clitoral hood 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3992:Ear piercings 3989: 3983: 3982:Nipple shield 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3962:Prince's wand 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3899:Play piercing 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3870:Body piercing 3864: 3859: 3857: 3852: 3850: 3845: 3844: 3841: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3803:Body piercing 3801: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3692:Tortoiseshell 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3048:Bench jeweler 3046: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2849: 2847: 2842: 2841: 2838: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2820:at Wiktionary 2819: 2818: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2798:0-9650469-3-1 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2781: 2780:0-533-11237-0 2777: 2773: 2769: 2767: 2766:0-89281-809-3 2763: 2759: 2755: 2753: 2752:0-7432-1304-1 2749: 2745: 2741: 2739: 2738:0-500-28161-0 2735: 2731: 2727: 2725: 2724:0-312-29377-1 2721: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2710:0-688-03820-4 2707: 2703: 2699: 2697: 2696:88-8118-973-9 2693: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2679: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2527: 2516:on 2012-06-07 2515: 2511: 2504: 2501: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2450:(5): 287–99. 2449: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2431: 2420:on 2008-05-16 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2389: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2316: 2313: 2301: 2297: 2290: 2287: 2275: 2271: 2264: 2261: 2256: 2250: 2247: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2212:Exodus 21:2–6 2207: 2204: 2198: 2195: 2190: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2171: 2168: 2163: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2144: 2141: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2120: 2109: 2105: 2098: 2095: 2090: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2071: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2056: 2053: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2007: 2004: 1993:on 2022-12-07 1992: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1915:Chisholm 1911 1911: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1885:9781567206913 1881: 1877: 1870: 1867: 1856: 1852: 1846: 1843: 1832: 1828: 1822: 1819: 1808: 1807:MetMuseum.org 1805: 1799: 1796: 1791: 1789:9780874133998 1785: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1754: 1752:9781305544895 1748: 1744: 1737: 1734: 1721: 1714: 1711: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1603:dental braces 1601: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1585:immune system 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1463:body piercing 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1437: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1410: 1407: 1406:Sewing thread 1401: 1399: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1370: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1340:Snug piercing 1339: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1321:, or a stud. 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1249: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1225: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1199: 1189: 1186: 1178: 1175:November 2007 1168: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1144:This section 1142: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1114: 1109: 1102: 1097: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1079:Flesh tunnels 1077: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1033: 1026: 1024: 1018: 1016: 1010: 1008: 1001: 999: 993: 991: 988: 978: 970: 963: 961: 957: 954: 949: 945: 941: 936: 932: 924: 919: 913:Hoop earrings 912: 910: 904: 902: 900: 896: 892: 882: 875: 870: 865: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846: 845: 840: 836: 829: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 802: 798: 794: 790: 783:Claw earrings 782: 780: 773: 768: 763: 761: 757: 754: 752: 744: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 723:rook piercing 720: 716: 711: 703: 699: 697: 693: 689: 685: 684:popular music 681: 676: 674: 670: 655: 643: 634: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 612:Western world 608: 606: 601: 597: 593: 588: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 528: 524: 516: 512: 507: 503: 501: 497: 496:Howard Carter 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 440: 437:, India, and 436: 432: 420: 416: 412: 407: 397: 390: 381: 374: 366: 359: 350: 344: 335: 331: 324: 315: 309: 300: 296: 290: 278: 276: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 245: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 218: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 186: 182: 179: 175: 171: 167: 164: 160: 157: 154: 150: 143: 138: 133: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: – 70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 6484:Ear piercing 6405:Fur clothing 6225:Pocket watch 5546:British Warm 5521:Chesterfield 5432:boxer shorts 5427:boxer briefs 5159:little black 4812:Bell-bottoms 4782:sweater vest 4367:Transscrotal 4127:Lip frenulum 4056:Anti-eyebrow 3991: 3952:Flesh tunnel 3828:Wearable art 3823:Phaleristics 3818:Metalworking 3723:Gutta-percha 3499:Lapis lazuli 3285:Colored gold 3166:Stonesetting 2942: 2816: 2785: 2771: 2757: 2743: 2742:McNab, Nan, 2729: 2715: 2701: 2687: 2676: 2623: 2619: 2587:. Retrieved 2580: 2548: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2518:. Retrieved 2514:the original 2503: 2492:. Retrieved 2482: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2422:. Retrieved 2418:the original 2405: 2401: 2391: 2380:. Retrieved 2358: 2354: 2344: 2315: 2303:. Retrieved 2300:Cosmopolitan 2299: 2289: 2277:. Retrieved 2274:The Guardian 2273: 2263: 2249: 2238:. Retrieved 2236:. 2000-08-27 2231: 2222: 2206: 2197: 2177: 2170: 2150: 2143: 2132: 2122: 2111:. Retrieved 2107: 2097: 2081:. Abc-Clio. 2077: 2070: 2061: 2055: 2043:. Retrieved 2029: 2022:Google Books 2012: 2006: 1995:. Retrieved 1991:the original 1986: 1977: 1936: 1932: 1922: 1910: 1902: 1898: 1889: 1875: 1869: 1858:. Retrieved 1854: 1845: 1834:. Retrieved 1830: 1821: 1810:. Retrieved 1806: 1798: 1774: 1768: 1756: 1742: 1736: 1724:. Retrieved 1713: 1702:. Retrieved 1698: 1689: 1652: 1641: 1582: 1574:food allergy 1567: 1560: 1557: 1539:inflammation 1533: 1513: 1509: 1488: 1485:Health risks 1479: 1476: 1472: 1460: 1447: 1442: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1402: 1395: 1377: 1375: 1345: 1343: 1334: 1323: 1302: 1300: 1285: 1283: 1266: 1263:Ear piercing 1253: 1204: 1181: 1172: 1157:Please help 1145: 1118: 1108:flesh tunnel 1050: 1038: 1022: 1014: 1005: 997: 986: 983: 958: 952: 947: 943: 939: 928: 925:hoop earring 908: 898: 894: 887: 833: 796: 792: 788: 786: 777: 758: 755: 748: 712: 708: 677: 668: 665: 624: 615: 609: 589: 554: 520: 494: 428: 299:Thutmose III 246: 238:external ear 219: 194: 192: 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 18:Hoop earring 6304:Semi-formal 6270:Dress codes 6160:Boutonnière 6142:Accessories 6021:Swim diaper 6016:Swim briefs 5981:Boardshorts 5901:Windbreaker 5662:Suit jacket 5657:Mess jacket 5551:Guards Coat 5470:See-through 5234:Romper suit 4608:Neck gaiter 4603:Neckerchief 4457:Terminology 4352:Magic cross 4106:Nose bridge 3889:Scalpelling 3765:Art jewelry 3589:Tiger's eye 3494:Labradorite 3444:Chrysocolla 3439:Chrysoberyl 3355:Mokume-gane 3332:Base metals 3104:centrifugal 3073:Silversmith 2948:Ferronnière 2898:Belt buckle 2893:Belly chain 2279:21 December 1905:, pp. 74–75 1504:risk factor 1073:cylindrical 987:French hook 647:An ear cuff 567:tribes and 538:Middle East 500:Tutankhamun 488:in ancient 187:6–12 months 6478:Categories 6245:Suspenders 6240:Sunglasses 6175:Cummerbund 6165:Coin purse 6069:Flip-flops 6064:Dress shoe 6059:Dress boot 6054:Court shoe 6001:Rash guard 5948:Nightshirt 5822:Harrington 5780:pellegrina 5640:Frock coat 5633:Suit coats 5622:Mackintosh 5563:Over-frock 5422:Underpants 5371:Undershirt 5244:Shirtdress 5085:boilersuit 4982:diplomatic 4944:Yoga pants 4934:Sweatpants 4847:High water 4842:Go-to-hell 4735:sleeveless 4688:halterneck 4678:cache-cœur 4598:Lavallière 4452:Technology 4317:Deep shaft 4264:Fourchette 4020:Industrial 4000:Antitragus 3977:Nose chain 3894:Stretching 3599:Tourmaline 3544:Prasiolite 3419:Aventurine 3290:Crown gold 3192:Draw plate 3141:Metal clay 3078:Watchmaker 3068:Lapidarist 3053:Clockmaker 2928:Collar pin 2923:Chatelaine 2784:Vale, V., 2589:2015-04-01 2520:2012-06-10 2494:2012-06-10 2424:2008-01-29 2382:2012-06-10 2361:(6): 864. 2305:6 November 2240:2008-06-09 2210:e.g., see 2113:2024-01-29 1997:2022-12-07 1860:2020-03-06 1836:2020-03-06 1812:2020-03-06 1704:2023-05-27 1682:References 1378:ear spiral 1360:surfaces. 1002:Ear thread 899:screw back 751:Karnavedha 486:Persepolis 476:and early 396:Phraates V 334:Satavahana 332:earrings ( 178:flesh plug 110:March 2023 80:newspapers 6494:Jewellery 6314:black tie 6297:white tie 6205:Jewellery 6122:Pantyhose 5996:One-piece 5943:Nightgown 5915:Nightwear 5753:Inverness 5748:ferraiolo 5573:shadbelly 5541:Greatcoat 5508:Overcoats 5495:outerwear 5341:Underwear 5296:Miniskirt 5281:Ballerina 5198:Strapless 5176:debutante 5171:ball gown 5149:Coatdress 5090:cleanroom 5048:Religious 5043:Political 4939:Windpants 4877:Parachute 4794:Waistcoat 4772:polo neck 4312:Apadravya 4307:Ampallang 4279:Nefertiti 4249:Christina 4085:Lip plate 3928:materials 3904:Pocketing 3745:Toadstone 3682:Operculum 3609:Variscite 3604:Turquoise 3584:Tanzanite 3519:Moonstone 3514:Marcasite 3509:Malachite 3434:Carnelian 3409:Amazonite 3396:gemstones 3370:Pinchbeck 3315:Argentium 3305:Shibuichi 3246:Palladium 3225:Materials 3161:Soldering 3151:Polishing 3126:Engraving 3121:Enameling 3087:Processes 3058:Goldsmith 2993:Tie chain 2968:Neck ring 2958:Lapel pin 2867:Jewellery 2790:RE/Search 2542:(1): 187. 2024:. p. 101. 1969:161160877 1953:0009-837X 1726:5 January 1626:chocolate 1613:orthotics 1520:hepatitis 1516:bacterial 1492:infection 1456:Autoclave 1421:sleepers, 1417:trainers, 1350:antihelix 1269:cartilage 1242:Ear cuffs 1146:does not 895:butterfly 869:chainmail 835:features: 804:piercings 745:Religious 680:punk rock 620:Manhattan 600:Holinshed 466:Santorini 444:from the 413:, Thera ( 242:cartilage 69:"Earring" 6321:Informal 6250:Umbrella 6195:Headband 6170:Cufflink 6127:Stocking 6112:Hold-ups 6041:Footwear 5991:Monokini 5986:Dry suit 5963:Swimwear 5938:Negligee 5928:Babygrow 5923:Babydoll 5891:Ski suit 5874:bathrobe 5854:Lab coat 5832:mackinaw 5775:mozzetta 5765:monastic 5726:pinafore 5689:Tailcoat 5617:Raincoat 5397:Leggings 5366:Camisole 5346:lingerie 5254:Sundress 5154:Cocktail 5139:Backless 5080:Workwear 5063:vestment 5058:clerical 5038:Pantsuit 5004:Military 4999:Jumpsuit 4994:Jodhpuri 4972:academic 4959:uniforms 4929:Slim-fit 4917:hotpants 4867:Overalls 4862:Jodhpurs 4804:Trousers 4757:guernsey 4752:cardigan 4693:tube top 4683:crop top 4575:Neckwear 4550:Kerchief 4491:baseball 4473:Headwear 4462:Timeline 4447:Industry 4430:Clothing 4376:See also 4332:Foreskin 4289:Triangle 4269:Isabella 4254:Clitoris 4231:Chastity 4163:Hand web 4111:Philtrum 3813:Gemology 3787:Fineness 3778:(purity) 3713:Bog-wood 3660:Precious 3640:Ammolite 3579:Sunstone 3569:Sodalite 3564:Sapphire 3524:Obsidian 3464:Fluorite 3454:Diopside 3414:Amethyst 3394:Mineral 3385:Tungsten 3380:Titanium 3295:Electrum 3251:Platinum 3136:Kazaziye 3131:Filigree 3109:lost-wax 3008:Toe ring 2998:Tie clip 2973:Pectoral 2963:Necklace 2938:Cufflink 2913:Bracelet 2908:Bolo tie 2888:Barrette 2830:Earrings 2792:, 1989. 2650:30920753 2642:19397618 2582:TVN24.pl 2474:44890665 2466:17937743 2414:16342832 2377:11276561 2334:Archived 2323:Archived 2233:BBC News 2045:March 4, 1670:See also 1315:piercing 1057:Barbells 953:sleepers 891:friction 853:Sparkles 824:crescent 801:ear lobe 688:athletes 439:Sumerian 415:Cyclades 411:Akrotiri 394:Coin of 378:Catalan 207:piercing 152:Location 135:Earrings 6417:Fursuit 6383:Fashion 6356:Costume 6339:Related 6279:Western 6200:Handbag 6185:Glasses 6180:Gaiters 6150:Armband 6099:Legwear 6089:Sneaker 6084:Slipper 6031:Wetsuit 5976:Burkini 5953:Pajamas 5837:Norfolk 5827:leather 5792:Cut-off 5738:Cagoule 5733:Blouson 5699:morning 5672:smoking 5645:bekishe 5602:Paletot 5402:Panties 5311:Rah-rah 5306:Prairie 5203:Wedding 5188:Prairie 5166:Evening 5117:Dresses 5053:cassock 5019:service 4922:running 4907:dolphin 4902:dycling 4897:Bermuda 4872:Palazzo 4852:Lowrise 4817:Bondage 4787:twinset 4747:Sweater 4700:Cycling 4613:Necktie 4528:homburg 4442:History 4173:Madison 4071:Jestrum 4066:Eyebrow 4025:Orbital 3937:Barbell 3924:Jewelry 3808:Fashion 3782:Finding 3630:Abalone 3539:Peridot 3504:Larimar 3489:Kyanite 3474:Howlite 3459:Emerald 3449:Diamond 3322:Tumbaga 3300:Shakudō 3256:Rhodium 3207:Mandrel 3146:Plating 3099:Casting 3094:Carving 3003:Tie pin 2978:Pendant 2953:Genital 2943:Earring 2817:earring 1722:. WebMD 1544:keloids 1500:keloids 1467:cannula 1382:earlobe 1358:lateral 1326:barbell 1313:. The 1311:jewelry 1274:fistula 1167:removed 1152:sources 935:tension 850:Tassels 847:Dangles 822:is the 820:jewelry 812:acrylic 797:pincher 605:sailors 517:, 1630s 328:Golden 279:History 253:plastic 234:infobox 211:earlobe 209:in the 199:jewelry 195:earring 184:Healing 170:barbell 162:Jewelry 94:scholar 6326:Casual 6287:Formal 6255:Wallet 6210:Livery 6190:Gloves 6132:Tights 6117:Garter 6074:Sandal 6026:Trunks 5971:Bikini 5864:Poncho 5849:Jerkin 5842:safari 5817:goggle 5812:flight 5802:Jacket 5787:Coatee 5760:Mantle 5677:sports 5667:Blazer 5585:Ulster 5580:Trench 5568:Riding 5536:Duster 5531:Duffel 5526:Covert 5437:briefs 5387:Diaper 5380:Bottom 5316:Sarong 5301:Pencil 5276:A-line 5268:Skirts 5239:Sheath 5229:Jumper 5217:Casual 5105:scrubs 5095:hazmat 5075:Prison 5070:School 5031:combat 5024:sailor 4892:Shorts 4837:Formal 4767:jersey 4762:hoodie 4725:Henley 4710:Mantle 4673:Blouse 4655:Tippet 4638:school 4633:kipper 4588:Choker 4560:Turban 4540:Helmet 4523:fedora 4518:bowler 4513:boater 4342:Hafada 4337:Frenum 4327:Fibula 4221:Guiche 4193:Nipple 4158:Corset 4132:Tongue 4091:Monroe 4076:Labret 4040:Tragus 3967:Spiral 3772:(mass) 3708:Bezoar 3614:Zircon 3574:Spinel 3549:Quartz 3484:Jasper 3469:Garnet 3365:Pewter 3350:Copper 3345:Bronze 3272:alloys 3261:Silver 3212:Pliers 3202:Hammer 3114:vacuum 3041:People 3034:Making 3018:pocket 2918:Brooch 2883:Anklet 2796: 2778: 2764: 2750: 2736: 2722: 2708: 2694: 2648: 2640: 2472: 2464: 2412: 2375: 2365: 2320:"Snug" 2185: 2158: 2085: 1967: 1961:264394 1959: 1951: 1882: 1786: 1759: 1749: 1570:eczema 1563:nickel 1354:medial 1257:solder 1210:place. 948:Hinged 808:o-ring 627:hippie 585:Joseon 581:Goryeo 565:Turkic 542:Greece 490:Persia 474:Minoan 470:Greece 458:bronze 454:silver 435:Lothal 419:Greece 330:Indian 226:tragus 205:via a 96: 89: 82: 75: 67: 6410:types 6260:Watch 6235:Spats 6006:Sling 5886:Shawl 5859:Parka 5797:Gilet 5770:royal 5721:Apron 5714:Other 5694:dress 5650:rekel 5595:opera 5590:Cloak 5558:Greca 5489:Coats 5475:Teddy 5417:Thong 5321:Skort 5291:Men's 5286:Denim 5224:House 5183:Plain 5122:gowns 5100:space 4977:court 4954:Suits 4857:Jeans 4832:Chaps 4827:Cargo 4822:Capri 4777:shrug 4720:dress 4715:Shirt 4705:Kurta 4650:Scarf 4643:stock 4618:ascot 4583:Bands 4481:Beret 4347:Lorum 4322:Dydoe 4274:Labia 4226:Pubic 4198:Wrist 4183:Navel 4142:Uvula 4061:Cheek 4015:Helix 4010:Daith 4005:Conch 3776:Carat 3770:Carat 3758:Terms 3733:Shell 3687:Pearl 3677:Nacre 3667:Ivory 3655:Black 3650:Coral 3645:Copal 3635:Amber 3594:Topaz 3553:smoky 3424:Beryl 3404:Agate 3340:Brass 3185:Tools 3023:strap 3013:Watch 2988:Tiara 2933:Crown 2903:Bindi 2875:Forms 2646:S2CID 2470:S2CID 2368:80907 1965:S2CID 1957:JSTOR 1623:coins 1593:lymph 1589:blood 1386:Glass 1307:helix 1069:Plugs 871:weave 859:Hoops 816:glass 793:talon 696:Wham! 577:Silla 573:India 569:Korea 550:Plato 527:Aaron 523:Moses 509:King 349:Silla 265:beads 257:glass 249:metal 230:helix 101:JSTOR 87:books 6427:Laws 6230:Sash 6215:Muff 6155:Belt 6107:Sock 6079:Shoe 6049:Boot 5869:Robe 5807:down 5743:Cape 5682:Teba 5612:Polo 5448:Full 5412:Slip 5344:and 5331:Wrap 5326:Tutu 5249:Slip 5208:Wrap 5120:and 5014:mess 5009:full 4989:Folk 4887:Phat 4730:polo 4665:Tops 4623:bolo 4565:Veil 4555:Mask 4545:Hood 4501:knit 4496:flat 4216:Anus 4188:Neck 4178:Nape 4096:Nose 4035:Snug 4030:Rook 3972:Stud 3957:Plug 3942:Claw 3728:Hair 3559:Ruby 3534:Opal 3529:Onyx 3479:Jade 3241:Gold 3197:File 2983:Ring 2794:ISBN 2776:ISBN 2762:ISBN 2748:ISBN 2734:ISBN 2720:ISBN 2706:ISBN 2692:ISBN 2638:PMID 2462:PMID 2410:PMID 2373:PMID 2355:CMAJ 2307:2019 2281:2019 2183:ISBN 2156:ISBN 2108:Glam 2083:ISBN 2047:2011 2020:via 1949:ISSN 1880:ISBN 1784:ISBN 1747:ISBN 1728:2014 1638:beer 1635:wine 1629:nuts 1591:and 1522:and 1348:(or 1346:snug 1301:The 1150:any 1148:cite 931:ring 814:and 789:claw 787:The 629:and 557:Ainu 546:Rome 544:and 456:and 450:Gold 273:bone 269:wood 222:rook 73:news 5607:Pea 5516:Car 5492:and 5361:Bra 5354:Top 4956:and 4912:gym 4628:bow 4533:top 4508:Hat 4486:Cap 4168:Hip 4081:Lip 3672:Jet 3428:red 2628:doi 2452:doi 2363:PMC 2359:164 2329:on 1941:doi 1524:HIV 1419:or 1376:An 1356:to 1161:by 795:or 694:of 631:gay 590:In 583:to 480:of 203:ear 193:An 156:Ear 56:by 6480:: 2788:, 2675:. 2644:. 2636:. 2624:60 2622:. 2618:. 2598:^ 2560:^ 2540:35 2538:. 2468:. 2460:. 2448:57 2446:. 2442:. 2406:72 2404:. 2400:. 2371:. 2357:. 2353:. 2298:. 2272:. 2230:. 2214:, 2131:. 2106:. 2038:. 2016:. 1985:. 1963:. 1955:. 1947:. 1937:35 1935:. 1931:. 1888:. 1853:. 1829:. 1778:. 1755:. 1697:. 1580:. 1344:A 1332:. 1284:A 1272:a 1123:. 791:, 733:, 725:, 721:, 717:, 587:. 579:, 531:c. 468:, 452:, 448:. 423:c. 421:, 417:) 271:, 267:, 263:, 259:, 255:, 251:, 224:, 176:, 172:, 168:, 4740:T 4422:e 4415:t 4408:v 4102:) 4098:( 4087:) 4083:( 3930:) 3926:( 3862:e 3855:t 3848:v 3555:) 3551:( 3430:) 3426:( 2859:e 2852:t 2845:v 2652:. 2630:: 2592:. 2523:. 2497:. 2476:. 2454:: 2427:. 2385:. 2309:. 2283:. 2257:. 2243:. 2191:. 2164:. 2137:. 2116:. 2091:. 2049:. 2000:. 1971:. 1943:: 1863:. 1839:. 1815:. 1792:. 1730:. 1707:. 1217:. 1188:) 1182:( 1177:) 1173:( 1169:. 1155:. 123:) 117:( 112:) 108:( 98:· 91:· 84:· 77:· 50:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index