555:, South Koreans, and North Koreans. The South Korean government first tried to move Hong's remains from Kazakhstan to South Korea in 1995 during Kim Young-sam's administration. But the plan was folded due to protest from North Korea and the Korean Society of Kazakhstan, who viewed Hong as their hero. The South Korean government instead funded the establishment of Hong's tomb and memorial park in Kazakhstan. During his life, Hong, born in the current day North Korea, had never set foot on the southern part of the Korean peninsula which is now South Korea. He also wanted to buried in his birthplace if and when Korea is liberated from Japan.
478:). The Independence Army combined forces were led by Hong Beom-do and hid in ambush in the mountains of Bongo-dong. As the Japanese forces advanced, the Korean militias ambushed the pursuing battalion from three sides, winning the battle. The Japanese battalion withdrew after suffering substantial casualties. An estimated 157 Japanese soldiers were killed and 300 wounded out of 500, and 13 Koreans were killed and 2 wounded out of 1,200~1,300.
44:
503:
The
Japanese Army, having lost the battle in Cheongsang-ri and other locations, retaliated by carrying out a campaign of brutal scorched earth warfare that included the killing of Koreans and burning of villages. In response, the Korean Independence Army launched a military counter offensive. In
270:
to the
Japanese occupation. The law effectively crippled the ability of hunters to pursue their traditional livelihood, angering many hunters, including Hong. In response to the outlawing of hunters' guns, Hong organized a resistance force named the
524:
where the Red Army massacred the Korean
Partisans, and the loss of weapons and safe areas for Hong and his forces resulted in the collapse of the Korean Independence Army. Hong, still hoping to oppose the Japanese in Korea, chose to join the
612:. Though the government's initial plan was to relocate all five busts, after some opposition, it was decided that only Hong's bust would be removed from the Academy. A senior member of the Presidential office cited Hong's membership in the
489:. The Korean soldiers and the leadership of the Korean Northern Army Command were inspired by the victory, as were Koreans in China and Korea. The Korean resistance forces served as momentum for further independence battles in the 1920s.
608:, announced that the bust of Hong would be removed because of the his past ties to communism. The decision prompted criticism and a burst of outrage in the population, with some likening the removal to
1095:
650:
1105:
516:
to secure
Russian borders near China and Korea. Concerned that the Japanese Army might enter the Soviet Union in pursuit of Hong and other Korean independence fighters, the
536:
took place. Hong was among those 171,781 Koreans (almost the entire Soviet population of ethnic
Koreans) forcibly relocated to Kazakhstan. Hong died in Kazakhstan in 1943.
1075:
1110:
1090:
558:
An agreement between the two governments was reached in 2020 to move Hong's remains from
Kazakhstan to South Korea, but the date was pushed off due to the
601:
533:
633:
1080:
540:
919:
424:). The next day, a Japanese unit pursued the Korean Independence Army, and the Korean Northern Army Command trapped the Japanese in Samdunja (
512:
In 1921, Hong and his forces sought refuge in the Soviet Union from the
Japanese forces. In June, the Soviet military enacted a policy by
613:
1070:
620:
as reasons for the removal. The dispute is mirrored in the general political environment of South Korea, where Yoon's conservative
454:
On June 6 and 7, as the conflict increased, the
Japanese Army deployed a battalion from the 19th Division, stationing it at Nanam (
621:
485:, or the Battle of Fengwudong. It was the first large-scale battle between the Korean Independence Army and the Japanese Army in
314:
with 400 soldiers. Once across the river and in Korea, Hong successfully attacked the
Japanese troops in Hyesanjin, Jaseong, and
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December 1920, Hong's forces were integrated with other independence forces to organize the Korean
Independence Corps.
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In August 1919, Hong launched an advance operation into Korea. He succeeded in integrating the northern army in
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twice more, each time carrying out successful attacks against the occupying Japanese forces.
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Busts of Hong Beom-do and four other Korean independence fighters were added to the
944:"Defense Ministry examines relocation of bust sculpture of Hong Beom-do to Yongsan"
517:
496:, Hong again carried out an attack against Japanese troops at what is known as the
920:"Reframing South Korean Identity: The controversy of General Hong Beom-do's bust"
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389:). They assembled troops and were prepared for a significant military operation.
609:
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with other forces. On May 28, 1920, Hong Beom-do's Korean Independence Army (
820:"Remains of Korean independence fighter Hong Beom-do return from Kazakhstan"
793:"Remains of Korean independence fighter Hong Beom-do return from Kazakhstan"
698:"The Academy of Korean Studies(한국학중앙연구원) : 봉오동전투(Battle of Bongo-dong)"
486:
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892:"Ideological dispute over historical figures engulfs Korean politics"
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436:), defeating hundreds of them. This encounter became known as the
295:
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149:
711:"『한국독립운동사(韓國獨立運動史)』 : 한국일보사(Company of Hangook Ilbo), 1987".
275:. The Righteous Army carried out a number of battles against
562:. In August 2021, his remains were moved to South Korea via
466:). The Japanese battalion launched an attack on Bongo-dong (
651:
List of militant Korean independence activist organizations
520:
disarmed Korean troops. But their refusal resulted in the
868:"Why statues have become a centre of ideological dispute"
192:
541:
Republic of Korea Medal of Merit for National Foundation
1040:
566:, ahead of an official state visit by Kazakh president
539:
On October 25, 1963, Hong was posthumously awarded the
741:
739:
604:, under the administration of conservative President
970:"South Korean politics is one big row about history"
1096:
People granted political asylum in the Soviet Union
747:"두산백과(Doopedia) : 봉오동전투(Battle of Bongo-dong)"
492:In October of the same year, working together with
298:to train anti-Japanese freedom fighters. After the
186:
172:
148:
132:
127:
92:
80:
68:
53:
34:
1003:"Why statues became center of ideological dispute"
551:Hong is revered as a folk hero by three parties:
578:received and honored the remains in person at
1106:Koryo-saram activists for Korean independence
8:
1034:한국민족문화대사전 (Ethnic Korean Culture Dictionary)
846:"Gen. Hong Beom-do's remains to return home"
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222:; August 27, 1868 – October 25, 1943) was a
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534:deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union
42:
31:
318:. Hong and his soldiers would cross the
16:Korean independence activist (1868–1943)
689:
570:to South Korea. South Korean President
1076:Korean expatriates in the Soviet Union
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714:
636:during the Japanese colonial period.
7:
1111:Burials at Daejeon National Cemetery
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589:His remains were reinterred in the
310:. In August 1919, Hong crossed the
1091:People from North Pyongan Province
408:) attacked Japanese Army units in
254:. During his early life, he was a
14:
481:The conflict became known as the
279:around the Bukcheong area, using
1041:Homepage of General Hong Beom-do
624:is seen as more concerned with
1081:Koryo-saram military personnel
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273:1907 Righteous Army of Jeongmi
264:its colonial policies in Korea
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1:
616:and his participation in the
600:in 2018. In August 2023, the
918:johnleenknews (2023-09-15).
646:Korean independence movement
602:Ministry of National Defense
375:Korean Northern Army Command
224:Korean independence activist
392:On June 4, 1920, troops of
193:
179:
1127:
1001:Da-gyum, Ji (2023-08-29).
866:Da-gyum, Ji (2023-08-30).
447:
18:
1071:Korean resistance members
591:Daejeon National Cemetery
373:) were combined into the
200:
123:
86:Daejeon National Cemetery
41:
761:
508:Life in the Soviet Union
359:Military Affairs Command
308:Korean Independence Army
410:North Hamgyong Province
394:Korean Democratic Corps
302:in 1919, Hong became a
290:in 1910, Hong moved to
614:Soviet Communist Party
598:Korea Military Academy
357:) and Choi Jin-dong's
248:North Pyongan Province
234:of the Korean people.
568:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
553:Central Asian Koreans
258:. In September 1907,
23:, the family name is
668:Battle of Qingshanli
663:Battle of Fengwudong
628:, while the liberal
498:Battle of Qingshanli
483:Battle of Bongo-dong
450:Battle of Fengwudong
444:Battle of Fengwudong
300:March First Movement
230:, a true patriot, a
174:Revised Romanization
110:Battle of Qingshanli
105:Battle of Fengwudong
574:and the First Lady
288:Japan annexed Korea
281:hit-and-run attacks
228:liberation of Korea
852:. August 13, 2021.
824:Yonhap News Agency
673:Free City Incident
658:Battle of Samdunja
622:People Power Party
618:Free City Incident
532:In 1937, Stalin's
522:Free City Incident
438:Battle of Samdunja
304:Commander-in-Chief
277:Japanese garrisons
226:a fighter for the
115:Free City Incident
100:Battle of Samdunja
1086:Namyang Hong clan
872:Asia News Network
724:Missing or empty
560:COVID-19 pandemic
268:Korean resistance
242:Hong was born in
204:
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188:McCune–Reischauer
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826:. 15 August 2021
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341:), Cho An-Mu's
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974:The Economist
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576:Kim Jung-sook
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564:KC-330 Cygnus
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514:Joseph Stalin
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1101:Hong Beom-do
1012:. Retrieved
1006:
996:
985:. Retrieved
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953:. Retrieved
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927:. Retrieved
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902:. Retrieved
900:. 2023-08-28
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875:. Retrieved
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828:. Retrieved
814:
803:. Retrieved
801:. 2021-08-15
796:
767:. Retrieved
755:
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678:Memorial Day
595:
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518:Soviet Union
511:
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210:Hong Beom-do
209:
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180:Hong Beom-do
93:Battles/wars
74:(1943-10-25)
48:Hong in 1921
36:Hong Beom-do
24:
1061:1943 deaths
1056:1868 births
1038:(in Korean)
1032:(in Korean)
765:(in Korean)
610:McCarthyism
572:Moon Jae-in
494:Kim Jwa-jin
320:Tumen River
312:Tumen River
216::
128:Korean name
21:Korean name
1050:Categories
1014:2023-10-26
987:2023-10-26
955:2023-09-21
929:2023-09-16
904:2023-09-16
877:2023-09-16
830:17 October
805:2023-07-10
769:2018-06-16
726:|url=
684:References
448:See also:
194:Hong Pŏmdo
60:1868-08-27
982:0013-0613
924:KOREA PRO
487:Manchuria
292:Manchuria
238:Biography
717:cite web
640:See also
584:Seongnam
527:Red Army
19:In this
386:大韓北路督軍府
380:대한북로독군부
306:of the
244:Chasong
207:General
980:
547:Legacy
472:;
460:;
430:;
418:;
402:;
383:;
367:;
351:;
335:;
316:Kapsan
256:hunter
252:Joseon
214:Korean
134:Hangul
81:Buried
762:대한독립군
582:near
405:大韓新民團
399:대한신민단
370:軍務都督府
364:군무도독부
338:大韓獨立軍
332:대한독립군
327:Gando
296:China
286:When
260:Japan
150:Hanja
978:ISSN
832:2023
730:help
354:國民會軍
348:국민회군
69:Died
54:Born
26:Hong
475:鳳梧洞
469:봉오동
433:三屯子
427:삼둔자
421:江陽洞
415:강양동
219:홍범도
141:홍범도
1052::
1005:.
976:.
972:.
946:.
922:.
894:.
870:.
858:^
848:.
822:.
795:.
778:^
738:^
721::
719:}}
715:{{
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463:羅南
457:나남
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728:(
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396:(
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361:(
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212:(
164:圖
161:範
158:洪
62:)
58:(
29:.
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