173:, now on Main Street, traces its history back to that year. The Metropolitan Church's official history describes an African Religious Society in Hartford in existence in 1827, owning a church on Talcott Street, and the split occurring about 1835. There resulted the Colored Congregational Church, and the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church where Easton was the first pastor. David E. Swift writes that the Talcott Street premises being shared by the Congregational and Methodist groups, Easton persuaded the Methodists to buy land of their own in Elm Street for a new church (which was at a later point identified as the AMEZ church).
255:, Easton queried the "immediatist" assumptions common in white abolitionists. He stated that emancipated slaves would not be capable of self-improvement without help. His message was not what abolitionists, whether black and in many prominent cases escaped slaves, or white, much wanted to hear, and his reputation accordingly suffered. He is now seen as an early
228:
Easton's outlook was rather pessimistic, informed by what he perceived as a hardening of racial divisions into a polarization in the North-East of his time and experience. He wrote of the racist taunts and caricatures common even in Boston. Further, he argued, the stereotypical denigration based on
180:
at this period for the virulence of racial hatred he saw. Easton's congregation were involved in the period 1834β36, culminating in the burning of the
Methodist church in 1836. (The evidence points to this church though there is no conclusive local report that identifies the burned church
141:
in 1833 with his wife Louisa and family. With local black leaders, he formed the
Hartford Literary and Religious Institution and, in January 1834, was appointed its agent. He then toured New England as a fundraiser, but had to cut his plans back because of racial violence.
205:; and he challenged the assumption that slaves could be regarded as machines and lacking in morality. Not well received in its time, it is now considered to be a leading work articulating the African-American abolitionist view, with the 1829
240:. He put his case in a way not calculated to offend on all sides, but still risking having that effect. He dealt with stereotypes, attempting to sift those that were artefacts of the institution of slavery from those that represented
903:
164:
The dates and details of his associations with churches are not completely clear, however. According to one source, in 1833 there was a split of the congregation in
Hartford, resulting in Congregational and
191:
A Treatise On the
Intellectual Character, and Civil and Political Condition of the Colored People of the U. States; And the Prejudice Exercised Towards Them; With A Sermon on the Duty of the Church To Them
896:
889:
73:
area. From about 1816 to 1830, he ran a vocational school for persons of color that was attached to his foundry. His son Hosea participated in it, with his brother James who became a
170:
108:, the only black ministers then in Boston, Robert Roberts (who had married Easton's sister Sarah as his second wife and so become brother-in-law), and James G. Barbadoes.
1366:
1436:
921:
54:
during the seventeenth century. James Easton married Sarah Dunbar, thought to be of "mixed race". Therefore his ancestry was
African, Native American (
1304:
198:
94:
1590:
62:), and European. Racial classifications meant little for this family, and Hosea Easton was later to write against their meaning anything intrinsic.
1565:
146:
594:
115:
that would continue his father's ideas. That project had been made impossible by local racial hostility. They then united with him to oppose the
1495:
125:
931:
1580:
22:(1798β1837) was an American Congregationalist and Methodist minister, abolitionist activist, and author. He was one of the leaders of the
425:
The House
Servant's Directory, or, A monitor for private families: comprising hints on the arrangement and performance of servantsΚΎ work
1570:
1310:
1298:
1292:
1456:
1071:
704:
William Cooper Nell, Nineteenth-century
African American Abolitionist, Historian, Integrationist: selected writings from 1832-1874
1595:
610:
233:
97:
that had been set up in 1826. It had the dual aims of agitation for the abolition of slavery, and the welfare of free blacks.
1451:
1371:
1059:
153:
who was in
Hartford teaching. Easton applied to the New York AMEZ conference in 1832; it was in 1834 that he was ordained as
1519:
229:
race was a matter of early indoctrination, had economic ends, and was supported by the way white clergy condoned slavery.
116:
1585:
1441:
999:
993:
43:
1502:
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210:
252:
1224:
158:
1101:
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111:
Robert
Roberts and Easton's brother Joshua had joined with him in a previous venture, a vocational school in
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1047:
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549:
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1119:
953:
842:
755:
To Awaken My
Afflicted Brethren: David Walker and the problem of antebellum slave resistance
661:
374:
275:
lineages to argue for the cultural importance of Africa in the ancient Mediterranean world.
194:
738:
Beyond the Founders: new approaches to the political history of the early American republic
1466:
1260:
1255:
963:
959:
721:
Writing Indian Nations: native intellectuals and the politics of historiography, 1827-1863
47:
217:
quoted Easton at length in 1859 on the constitutional point, while speaking against the
1131:
1041:
1017:
975:
260:
621:
1549:
1228:
1185:
1113:
1053:
969:
264:
222:
789:
The Forging of Races: race and scripture in the Protestant Atlantic world, 1600-2000
1218:
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1065:
1035:
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256:
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101:
51:
1529:
1332:
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237:
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27:
1181:
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Evangelicalism and the Politics of Reform in Northern Black Thought, 1776-1863
150:
300:
166:
112:
100:
He was one of the Boston Committee set up by the convention of June 1831 in
59:
509:
The Human Tradition in America from the Colonial Era through Reconstruction
123:. Some 1831 meetings in Boston on the colonization issue were reported in
272:
66:
46:. The background of his father traces back to a group of slaves freed by
646:
To Heal the Scourge of Prejudice: the life and writings of Hosea Easton
268:
120:
526:
Black Church Beginnings: the long-hidden realities of the first years
154:
86:
70:
149:(AMEZ) which he joined in the 1830s, and an influence on the young
89:
in 1828, where he was minister in a church on West Centre Street,
354:
Bodies Politic: negotiating race in the American North, 1730-1830
839:
History in Black: African-Americans in search of an ancient past
666:
Black Mosaic: essays in Afro-American history and historiography
885:
683:
Antislavery Reconsidered: new perspectives on the abolitionists
579:
Black Prophets of Justice: Activist Clergy Before the Civil War
388:
Courage and Conscience: Black and white abolitionists in Boston
304:
by Donald Yacovone, Oxford African American Studies Center
221:. It has been argued that the book shows the influence of
912:
Boston African American community prior to the Civil War
1140:(abolitionist, lawyer, politician, son of David Walker)
408:
In Freedom's Birthplace; a study of the Boston Negroes
371:
Abolitionist Politics and the Coming of the Civil War
337:
Abolitionist Politics and the Coming of the Civil War
38:
Hosea Easton was one of four sons of James Easton of
596:
Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
171:
Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
1512:
1480:
1406:
1380:
1354:
1325:
1285:
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1168:
1159:
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16:
American minister, abolitionist activist and author
1367:Charles Street African Methodist Episcopal Church
869:The Talking Book: African Americans and the Bible
259:writer, arguing for the cultural inheritance of
65:James Easton became a successful businessman in
320:The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution
1437:Boston African American National Historic Site
922:Boston African American National Historic Site
736:Jeffrey L. Pasley, Andrew Whitmore Robertson,
236:as no more intrinsic than any other effect of
897:
8:
1428:(Joy Street, Southack Street (now Phillips))
803:
801:
613:History of the Metropolitan AME Zion Church
441:
439:
437:
93:(from 1861 Anderson Street). He joined the
1282:
1165:
1146:(abolitionist, father of Edward G. Walker)
1122:(abolitionist, public speaker, journalist)
904:
890:
882:
500:
498:
193:(1837). In this work Easton wrote against
85:Hosea Easton married in 1827 and moved to
1305:Massachusetts General Colored Association
809:The Human Tradition in Antebellum America
119:, who were acquiring land in what became
95:Massachusetts General Colored Association
573:
571:
42:, who originally was a blacksmith, from
1104:(dentist, doctor, lawyer, abolitionist)
1074:(Rev. War soldier, Freemason, activist)
296:
294:
292:
290:
288:
284:
147:African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
644:George R. Price, James Brewer Stewart,
267:. He used the scriptural ethnology of
104:. It also included Samuel Snowden and
932:Slavery in the colonial United States
7:
1044:(abolitionist, author, businessman)
1311:Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society
1299:Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society
1293:Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society
563:African-American Religious Leaders
14:
984:(slave memoirists, abolitionists)
244:and could be attributed to God.
50:and his brother Peter Easton, in
1421:African Meeting House and Museum
1026:(abolitionist, Rev. War soldier)
1591:Congregationalist abolitionists
1092:(teacher, abolitionist, author)
1014:(abolitionist, slave memoirist)
546:The History of the Negro Church
1566:African-American abolitionists
1452:Lewis and Harriet Hayden House
598:, Hartford Heritage Trail page
69:and was well-connected in the
1:
1080:(lawyer, abolitionist, judge)
145:Easton was a preacher of the
117:American Colonization Society
1442:Charles Street Meeting House
1072:George Middleton (1735β1815)
176:Hartford was singled out by
44:Middleborough, Massachusetts
1581:American Congregationalists
1207:1857 Supreme Court decision
972:(minister, slave memoirist)
199:Declaration of Independence
1612:
1520:Copp's Hill Burying Ground
1225:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
1116:(abolitionist, politician)
1038:(abolitionist, politician)
1571:Abolitionists from Boston
1390:(Mass. Rev. War soldiers)
1032:(freemason, abolitionist)
917:
427:(1998 edition), p. xxiv;
390:(1993), p. 167, note 13;
1481:Influential publications
1307:(abolitionism, equality)
1134:(minister, abolitionist)
1110:(college grad., teacher)
1020:(abolitionist, minister)
1008:(abolitionist, minister)
854:Shavit, p. 275 note 28;
548:(c. 1921), p. 103 note;
1596:Methodist abolitionists
1394:Prince Hall Freemasonry
1317:Prince Hall Freemasonry
1178:Back-to-Africa movement
982:Ellen and William Craft
978:(abolitionist, soldier)
867:Allen Dwight Callahan,
700:Constance Porter Uzelac
698:Dorothy Porter Wesley,
648:(1999), p. 45 note 27;
505:Charles William Calhoun
1535:Abolition Riot of 1836
1525:William Lloyd Garrison
1457:George Middleton House
1372:Twelfth Baptist Church
1204:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1162:associated individuals
1086:(abolitionist, writer)
369:James Brewer Stewart,
335:James Brewer Stewart,
1462:William C. Nell House
1362:African Meeting House
1339:African Meeting House
941:Prominent individuals
807:Michael A. Morrison,
542:Carter Godwin Woodson
203:racial discrimination
139:Hartford, Connecticut
1432:Black Heritage Trail
988:Rebecca Lee Crumpler
927:Black Heritage Trail
129:, in March and May.
1586:American Methodists
1472:John J. Smith House
1333:Home of Primus Hall
1160:Relevant topics and
1108:John Brown Russwurm
1084:William Cooper Nell
956:(college professor)
948:Macon Bolling Allen
740:(2004), pp. 191-2;
524:Henry H. Mitchell,
475:item March 12, 1831
316:William Cooper Nell
219:Dred Scott Decision
215:William Cooper Nell
24:convention movement
1416:Abiel Smith School
1345:Abiel Smith School
1248:History of slavery
1056:(Rev. War soldier)
511:(2002), p. 200β1;
386:Donald M. Jacobs,
373:(2008), pp. 73-5;
232:Easton argued for
178:Edward Strutt Abdy
169:churches, and the
133:Pastor in Hartford
81:Activism in Boston
1543:
1542:
1489:Freedom's Journal
1447:John Coburn House
1426:Black Beacon Hill
1402:
1401:
1274:
1273:
1215:Elizabeth Freeman
1170:Black nationalism
681:Michael Fellman,
490:item May 28, 1831
352:John Wood Sweet,
242:human variability
197:. He invoked the
189:Easton published
40:North Bridgewater
1603:
1409:or neighborhoods
1388:Bucks of America
1283:
1233:Shadrach Minkins
1166:
1150:Phillis Wheatley
1138:Edward G. Walker
1120:Maria W. Stewart
954:William G. Allen
906:
899:
892:
883:
876:
865:
859:
852:
846:
835:
829:
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816:
811:(2000), p. 157;
805:
796:
791:(2006), p. 250;
785:
779:
774:(2011), p. 134;
768:
762:
753:Peter P. Hinks,
751:
745:
734:
728:
723:(2004), p. 104;
719:Maureen Konkle,
717:
711:
706:(2002), p. 541;
696:
690:
679:
673:
668:(1988), p. 102;
662:Benjamin Quarles
659:
653:
642:
636:
635:
633:
632:
626:
620:. Archived from
619:
607:
601:
592:
586:
581:(1989), p. 177;
577:David E. Swift,
575:
566:
559:
553:
539:
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528:(2004), p. 114;
522:
516:
502:
493:
484:
478:
469:
463:
458:Daniels, p. 46;
456:
450:
445:Stewart, p. 80;
443:
432:
423:Robert Roberts,
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401:
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384:
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367:
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356:(2003), p. 392;
350:
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195:racial prejudice
159:Christopher Rush
137:Easton moved to
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1546:
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1503:Walker's Appeal
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1467:Phillips School
1408:
1398:
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1350:
1321:
1270:
1261:Bunch-of-Grapes
1256:Charles Apthorp
1242:
1191:
1161:
1155:
1102:John Swett Rock
1062:(escaped slave)
994:Lucy Lew Dalton
964:Boston Massacre
962:(killed during
960:Crispus Attucks
950:(lawyer, judge)
936:
913:
910:
880:
879:
871:(2006), p. 29;
866:
862:
853:
849:
836:
832:
824:Stewart p. 19;
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769:
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757:(1997), p. 82;
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685:(1979), p. 93;
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339:(2008), p. 70;
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322:(1855), p. 33;
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253:William Watkins
187:
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83:
48:Nicholas Easton
36:
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1407:Historic sites
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1152:(poet, author)
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1132:Samuel Snowden
1129:
1123:
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1087:
1081:
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1068:(abolitionist)
1063:
1060:George Latimer
1057:
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1042:John T. Hilton
1039:
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1021:
1018:Leonard Grimes
1015:
1009:
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1002:(abolitionist)
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985:
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976:John P. Coburn
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841:(2001), p. 7;
837:Jacob Shavit,
830:
817:
797:
780:
770:Rita Roberts,
763:
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712:
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637:
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587:
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565:(2003), p. 17.
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261:Ancient Greece
186:
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157:and elder, by
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35:
32:
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13:
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6:
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2:
1608:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
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1579:
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1576:Afrocentrists
1574:
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1496:The Liberator
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1301:(interracial)
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1295:(interracial)
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1279:Organizations
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1267:
1266:Merchants Row
1264:
1262:
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1251:
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1230:
1229:Anthony Burns
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:of 1781 (See
1212:
1211:Freedom suits
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1198:
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1187:
1186:William Gwinn
1183:
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1118:
1115:
1114:John J. Smith
1112:
1109:
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1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:Robert Morris
1076:
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1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:Barzillai Lew
1052:
1049:
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1037:
1034:
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1019:
1016:
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1001:
1000:Thomas Dalton
998:
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992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:Leonard Black
968:
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1144:David Walker
1066:Walker Lewis
1048:Thomas James
1036:Lewis Hayden
1012:Moses Grandy
1006:Hosea Easton
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1561:1837 deaths
1556:1798 births
1530:Isaac Knapp
1341:(1806β1835)
1335:(1798β1806)
1237:Thomas Sims
1196:Legal cases
1096:Thomas Paul
1030:Prince Hall
1024:Primus Hall
990:(physician)
702:(editors),
550:archive.org
460:archive.org
412:archive.org
247:Along with
238:variegation
106:Thomas Paul
91:Beacon Hill
77:physician.
75:homeopathic
28:New England
1550:Categories
1182:Paul Cuffe
1128:(minister)
1126:Baron Stow
1098:(minister)
1090:Susan Paul
1050:(minister)
631:2012-01-04
151:Amos Beman
34:Background
1326:Education
488:Liberator
473:Liberator
167:Methodist
113:New Haven
60:Wampanoag
1355:Religion
1347:(1835-?)
273:Japhetic
67:ironwork
1513:Related
269:Hamitic
121:Liberia
1227:(See:
615:(PDF)"
207:Appeal
155:deacon
87:Boston
71:Boston
1381:Other
1180:(See
625:(PDF)
618:(PDF)
447:Books
279:Notes
263:from
185:Works
271:and
251:and
234:race
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