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1394:. The seasonal cycle is imagined to follow the relationship between the Horned God and the Goddess. The Horned God is born in winter, impregnates the Goddess and then dies during the autumn and winter months and is then reborn by the Goddess at Yule. The different relationships throughout the year are sometimes distinguished by splitting the god into aspects, the Oak King and the Holly King. The relationships between the Goddess and the Horned God are mirrored by Wiccans in seasonal rituals. There is some variation between Wiccan groups as to which sabbat corresponds to which part of the cycle. Some Wiccans regard the Horned God as dying at Lammas, August 1; also known as Lughnasadh, which is the first harvest sabbat. Others may see him dying at Mabon, the
1448:. In traditional Wicca, however, these other representations of the Wiccan god are subsumed or amalgamated into the Horned God, as aspects or expressions of him. Sometimes this is shown by adding horns or antlers to the iconography. The Green Man, for example, may be shown with branches resembling antlers; and the Sun God may be depicted with a crown or halo of solar rays, that may resemble horns. These other conceptions of the Wiccan god should not be regarded as displacing the Horned God, but rather as elaborating on various facets of his nature. Doreen Valiente has called the Horned God "the eldest of gods" in both The Witches Creed and also in her Invocation To The Horned God.
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The
Mendisians, according to this last writer, paid reverence to all goats, and more to the males than to the females, and particularly to one he-goat, on the death of which public mourning is observed throughout the whole Mendesian district; they call both Pan and the goat Mendes, and both were worshipped as gods of generation and fecundity. Diodorus (
2296:, in Chapter 7, "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn", Ratty and Mole meet a mystical horned being, powerful, fearsome and kind. Grahame's work was a significant part of the cultural milieu which stripped the Greek god Pan of his cultural identity in favor of an unnamed, generic horned deity which led to Murray's thesis of historical origins.
1386:. In traditional Wicca, the Horned God and the Goddess are seen as equal and opposite in gender polarity. However, in some of the newer traditions of Wicca, and especially those influenced by feminist ideology, there is more emphasis on the Goddess, and consequently the symbolism of the Horned God is less developed than that of the
1437:) that The Horned God is an Under-god, a mediator between an unknowable supreme deity and the people. (In Wiccan liturgy in the Book of Shadows, this conception of an unknowable supreme deity is referred to as "Dryghtyn." It is not a personal god, but rather an impersonal divinity similar to the Tao of Taoism.)
2312:, all humans have a collective premonition, also described as a memory of the future, of horned aliens which arrive to usher in a new phase of human evolution. The collective subconscious image of the horned aliens is what accounts for mankind's image of the devil or Satan. This theme is also explored in the
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in 1971, where the local superstitions around a landmark known as The Devil's Hump prove to be based on reality, as aliens from the planet Dæmos have been affecting man's progress over the millennia and the Hump actually contains a spacecraft. The only Dæmon to appear is a classic interpretation of
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At several places in the Delta, e.g. Hermopolis, Lycopolis, and Mendes, the god Pan and a goat were worshipped; Strabo, quoting (xvii. 1, 19) Pindar, says that in these places goats had intercourse with women, and
Herodotus (ii. 46) instances a case which was said to have taken place in the open day.
1263:. In this dualistic view, his two horns symbolize, in part, his dual nature. (The use of horns to symbolize duality is also reflected in the phrase "on the horns of a dilemma.") The three aspects of the Goddess and the two aspects of the Horned god are sometimes mapped on to the five points of the
2141:) compares the cult of the goat of Mendes with that of Priapus, and groups the god with the Pans and the Satyrs. The goat referred to by all these writers is the famous Mendean Ram, or Ram of Mendes, the cult of which was, according to Manetho, established by Kakau, the king of the IInd dynasty.
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at the time led to the figure of Pan becoming generalised as a 'horned god', and applying connotations to the character, such as benevolence that were not evident in the original Greek myths which in turn gave rise to the popular acceptance of Murray's hypothetical horned god of the witches.
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in northeast Spain as evidence of group religious ceremony of the cult, although the central male figure is not horned. The illustration she used of the Cogul painting leaves out a number of figures, human and animal, and the original is more likely a sequence of superimposed but unrelated
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Other historians, like Byloff and Bonomo, have been willing to build upon the useful aspects of Murray's work without adopting its untenable elements, and the independent and careful researches of contemporary scholars have lent aspects of the Murray thesis considerable new
1913:, which some modern scholars such as Ronald Hutton claim is inaccurate. Hutton states that modern photographs show the original cave art lacks horns, a human torso or any other significant detail on its upper half. However, others, such as celebrated prehistorian
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In considering the Horned God as a symbol recurring in women's literature, Richard Sugg suggests the Horned God represents the 'natural Eros', a masculine lover subjugating the social-conformist nature of the female shadow, thus encompassing a combination of the
2174:'s theory of the historical origins of the Horned God has been used by Wiccans to create a myth of historical origins for their religion. There is no verifiable evidence to support claims that the religion originates earlier than the mid-20th century.
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Breuil considered his drawing to represent a shaman or magician—an interpretation which gives the image its name. Murray having seen the drawing called Breuil's image "the first depiction of a deity", an idea which Breuil and others later adopted.
2124:' account that the god of Mendes—the Greek name for Djedet, Egypt—was depicted with a goat's face and legs. Herodotus relates how all male goats were held in great reverence by the Mendesians, and how in his time a woman publicly
2184:, who adopted Margaret Murray's thesis, claimed Wicca was a modern survival of an ancient pan-European pagan religion. Gardner states that he had reconstructed elements of the religion from fragments, incorporating elements from
2253:, a combination of gods which he posits created a new deity, around which the remaining pagans, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of
1705:. If split off entirely, he leads to violence, substance abuse and sexual perversion. When integrated he gives the male an ego "in possession of its own destructiveness" and for the female psyche gives an effective
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In traditional and mainstream Wicca, the Horned God is viewed as the divine male principality, being both equal and opposite to the
Goddess. The Wiccan god himself can be represented in many forms, including as the
2088:" serves as an example of the transformation of the Devil into a benevolent fertility deity and provided the prototype for Murray's horned god. Murray's central thesis that images of the Devil were actually of
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Modern scholarship has disproved
Margaret Murray's theory. However, various horned gods and mother goddesses were indeed worshipped in the British Isles during the ancient and early Medieval periods.
1592:. Howard had a wooden statue of Atho's head which he claimed was 2200 years old, but the statue was stolen in April 1967. Howard's son later admitted that his father had carved the statue himself.
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terms, as an archetypal protector and mediator of the outside world to the objective psyche. In her theory the male psyche's 'Horned God' frequently compensates for inadequate fathering.
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Outside of works that predate the publication of Murray's thesis, horned god motifs and characters appear in fantasy literature that draws upon her work and that of her followers.
1232:. In common Wiccan belief, he is associated with nature, wilderness, sexuality, hunting, and the life cycle. Whilst depictions of the deity vary, he is always shown with either
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was "too strong meat" for
Wiccans who were used to the gentler, romantic paganism of Gerald Gardner and were especially quick to reject any relationship between witchcraft and
2338:, depictions of supernatural horned entities, with specific reference to prehistoric cave-art and shamanistic horned head-dress are revealed to be a "race-memory" of psychic
1839:, proposed the theory that the witches of the early-modern period were remnants of a pagan cult and that the Christian Church had declared the god of the witches was in fact
1329:, the Sacrificed God and the Vegetation God, although the Horned God is the most popular representation. The pioneers of the various Wiccan or Witchcraft traditions, such as
2533:(2004) by Jules Watson, set in Scotland in the year 79 CE, features a scene where the heroine is partnered with a priest of the Horned God during a religious ceremony.
1731:. Sugg goes on to note that female characters who are paired with this character usually end up socially ostracised, or worse—in an inverted ending to the male hero-story.
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while wearing a hood with stag's horns attached to it. According to historian Marion Gibson, Treece based the
Hornman character on Murray's conception of the Horned God.
2044:, theorised that the origins of the Witch-cult may have appeared in late antiquity as a faith primarily designed to worship the Horned God, stemming from the merging of
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1870:, which tries to gather evidence in support of her witch-cult theory. In Chapter 1 "The Horned God". Murray claims that various depictions of humans with horns from
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amongst
Neopagans has not been entirely positive. Clifton suggests that modern claims of revealing an Italian pagan witchcraft tradition, for example those of
2380:(1963), several of the heroes worship a stag-antlered deity called the Horned One. The depiction of this deity is similar to that given in Murray's writings.
2522:(2003) has a plot enemy known as Hircine, the Daedric god of the Hunt, who appears as a horned man with the face of a deer skull. He condemned his "hounds" (
2526:) to walk the mortal ground during the Bloodmoon until a champion defeats him or Bloodmoon falls. When in combat, Hircine appears as a horned wolf or bear.
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are known to have been worshipped in various cultures throughout history. Evidence for horned gods appear very early in the human record. The so-called
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and is the primary antagonist in a story rich with antagonists. He presents as a
Fertility God who has largely lost his mind and become nihilistic.
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Wiccans believe that The Horned God, as Lord of Death, is their "comforter and consoler" after death and before reincarnation; and that he rules the
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of the 18th century and connected with their ideals of a pastoral
England. This, along with the general public's increasing lack of familiarity of
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Whilst the Horned God is the most common depiction of masculine divinity in Wicca, he is not the only representation. Other examples include the
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flanked by
Satanic witches. The Witch Cult hypothesis states that such stories are based upon a real-life pagan cult that revered a horned god.
1894:, are evidence for an unbroken, Europe-wide tradition of worship of a singular Horned God. Murray derived this model of a horned god cult from
2453:(a figure from English legend). Herne wears a headdress of a horned stag's head. Carpenter stated in an interview that Herne was based on the
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Georg Luck, repeats part of Murray's theory, stating that the Horned God may have appeared in late antiquity, stemming from the merging of
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by Aleister Crowley and subsequently went on to found the Neopagan religion of Wicca. Various scholars on early Wiccan history, such as
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1810:. They are thought to date from roughly 9,000 BCE. Several theories have been created to establish historical roots for modern
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1413:. In Gardnerian Wicca, the Dryghten prayer recited at the end of every ritual meeting contains the lines referring to the Horned God:
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that swept across Europe, deals with an interpretation of the Horned God, which takes the form of Black Phillip, the family goat.
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For Wiccans, the Horned God is "the personification of the life force energy in animals and the wild" and is associated with
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Wiccans generally, as well as some other neopagans, tend to conceive of the universe as polarized into gender opposites of
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who are the heroines of the book (indeed, quite the reverse), they temporarily ally themselves with him out of necessity.
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where the souls of the dead reside as they await rebirth. Some, such as Joanne Pearson, believe that this is based on the
1398:, or the second harvest festival. Still other Wiccans conceive of the Horned God dying on October 31, which Wiccans call
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When first encountered, the figure is a dangerous, 'hairy chthonic wildman' possessed of kindness and intelligence. If
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may be due to an "insecurity" within Neopaganism about the movement's claim to authenticity as a religious revival.
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2424:(1984), and portrays ritualistic incest between King Arthur as the representative of the horned god and his sister
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concur that witchcraft's early rituals, as devised by Gardner, contained much from Crowley's writings such as the
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Despite widespread criticism of Murray's scholarship some minor aspects of her work continued to have supporters.
1271:, although which points correspond to which deity aspects varies. In some other systems, he is represented as a
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White, Eric (1996). "Once they were men: Now they're Landcrabs: Monsterous Becomings in Evolutionist Cinema", in
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Valiente offers another explanation for the negative reaction of some neopagans; that the identification of
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Altar statues of the Horned God and Mother Goddess crafted by Bel Bucca and owned by the "Mother of Wicca",
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as a he-goat, further imagined by him as "copulator in Anep and inseminator in the district of Mendes".
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Bernstein, Abbie (February 1990). "Legends of the Hooded Man : Richard Carpenter interview".
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Jones, P. 2005. A Goddess Arrives: Nineteenth Century Sources of the New Age Triple Moon Goddess.
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features a "Hornman", a priest of the "Children of the Sun" tribe. The Hornman performs numerous
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1847:-derived descriptions of the devil "may throw light on one of the possible origins of the cult."
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Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Collection of Ancient Texts
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Hunt, Leon (2001). "Necromancy in the UK: Witchcraft and the occult in British horror", in
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This article is about the Wiccan deity. For gods with horns or antlers on their heads, see
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Imagining the Pagan Past: Gods and Goddesses in Literature and History Since the Dark Ages
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2149:(literally Ba of the lord of djed, and titled "the Lord of Mendes"), who was the soul of
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circles of England and France. Levi created his image of Baphomet, published in his
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The Roebuck in the Thicket: An Anthology of the Robert Cochrane Witchcraft Tradition
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and likely fitted with leather laces, have been uncovered at the Mesolithic site of
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was the first blacksmith. In this neopagan concept, the god is also referred to as
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god of twofold aspects: bright and dark, night and day, summer and winter, the
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Historically, the deity that was venerated at Egyptian Mendes was a ram deity
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in Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft – Volume 3, Number 1, Summer 2008, pp. 81–85
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Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches § Influence on Wicca and Stregheria
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term for a horned or antlered anthropomorphic god partly based on historical
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The Celtic Tarot and the Secret Traditions: A Study in Modern Legend Making
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following historians who had purported the Witch-Cult's existence, such as
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Murray's theories have been seen to have had influence on the horror film
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grasshoppers, manifested at the climax of the film by a fiery horned god.
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2389:(1971), where a murderous female-led cult worships a horned deity named
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Pearson, Joanne; Roberts, Richard H; Samuel, Geoffrey (December 1998).
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In the critically acclaimed and influential 1950s TV series created by
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2110:(1855), by combining symbolism from diverse traditions, including the
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1561:. Prudence Jones has suggested that the name may instead derive from
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ceremony where Robin plays the part of Cernunnos, the Horned God.
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2264:
2254:
2166:
2097:
2071:
2061:
2057:
1988:
1875:
1849:
1782:
1770:
1702:
1677:
1643:
1608:
1478:
1312:
1245:
1190:
1114:
958:
883:
813:
773:
728:
73:
2245:, an antlered god of the Continental Celts, with the Greco-Roman
2120:. LĂ©vi called his image "The Goat of Mendes", possibly following
4821:
4690:
2587:
2042:
Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds
968:
723:
3988:
2480:. Based in Celtic mythology, the Horned God is identified with
3639:"The Gods of the Egyptians: Or, Studies in Egyptian Mythology"
3039:
The Triumph of the Moon: a History of Modern Pagan Witchcaraft
2080:. Baphomet serves as an historical model for Murray's concept.
1948:
was removed from its classical context in the writings of the
1275:
2661:"from the library of the Order of Bards, Ovates & Druids"
3863:
Grant, Joan (March 1985). "Review: "Too Long A Sacrifice"".
1341:, all claimed that their religion was a continuation of the
1978:, must be "match against", and compared with the claims in
1603:, the Horned God was often referred to by a Biblical name;
3720:
Teenage Witches: Magical Youth and the Search for the Self
3562:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
3419:"Cave Art Cobblers? – Beachcombing's Bizarre History Blog"
2257:, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches.
2064:, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches.
1933:
illustrations, rather than a depiction of a single scene.
3797:
Sullivan, C. W. (May 1987). "Review: "Sword at Sunset"".
1553:
meaning "Horned One", as Murray offered in her 1931 book
1690:
Sherry Salman considers the image of the Horned God in
3689:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 172.
2076:
The 19th century image of a Sabbatic Goat, created by
1521:
origin, and Gardner also used this name in his novel
1201:
itself predates Wicca, and is an early 20th-century
4895:
4835:
4709:
4633:
4528:
4425:
4382:
4199:
4114:
4071:
4064:
4022:
3686:
Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World
1709:relating to both the physical body and the psyche.
49:
28:
3183:
2849:
2466:published the first part of a serial story called
2048:, a horned god of the Celts, with the Greco-Roman
1982:. He further suggests that a lack of comfort with
1642:, the Horned God goes by several names, including
1547:suggests the term derived instead from the Arabic
3641:. Methuen & Company – via Google Books.
1405:Other important dates for the Horned God include
3655:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles
3637:Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis (28 July 2018).
1297:The Horned God has been explored within several
3234:
3232:
2134:
1657:In the Hinduism, the Horned God is referred to
1415:
1370:carries the souls of the dead to the underworld
3310:
3308:
3306:
1419:and the Horned Lord of Death and Resurrection
4000:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
2096:had demonised these worshippers as following
1301:theories and has become a recurrent theme in
1166:
35:God of nature, wilderness, sexuality, hunting
8:
3881:The Search for a Woman-centered Spirituality
3140:"The Hindu- Pashupati and the Harappan seal"
2925:
2923:
1924:Murray also used an inaccurate drawing of a
1317:The "Cernunnos" type antlered figure on the
16:Deity in Wicca and some forms of Neopaganism
3947:Robin Hood : myth, history and culture
3437:Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath
2818:
2816:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2565:early modern inquisition against witchcraft
1189:is one of the two primary deities found in
4068:
4007:
3993:
3985:
3867:. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University.
3801:. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University.
3467:
3465:
3125:"Wicca- Wiccan Symbols the Ultimate Guide"
3092:
3090:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
1173:
1159:
60:
3767:
3765:
2364:novels, including the medieval-set novel
1509:, which is a Latin word, discovered on a
3838:Chibnall, Steve; Petley, Julian (2001).
3454:. Cornell University Press. p. 37.
2032:Witch-cult hypothesis § Post-Murray
1539:, which he believed was a corruption of
1409:when, according to Valiente, he leads a
3575:
3573:
3320:The Witch-cult in Western Europe (1921)
2686:Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1989).
2639:
2404:(1981), a male character, Tadhg, is an
2325:a horned satyr-like being with hooves.
1682:Bronze figurine of a "Horned God" from
1619:, the smith in Germanic mythology, and
1240:upon his head, often depicted as being
72:
3517:Clifton, Chas; Harvey, Graham (2004).
3472:Clifton, Chas; Harvey, Graham (2004).
2877:Farrer, Janet; Stewart Farrer (2002).
2856:. State University of New York Press.
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
1471:, though this has not been confirmed.
25:
3718:Berger, Helen; Ezzy, Douglas (2007).
1798:dates from perhaps 13,000 BCE.
1638:and loosely inspired by the works of
7:
4844:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
2934:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2852:New Age Religion and Western Culture
1417:In the name of the Lady of the Moon,
995:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
2688:The Witches' god: Lord of the Dance
1944:The popular image of the Greek god
1866:In 1931 Murray published a sequel,
4928:Left-hand path and right-hand path
3909:. New York: Brooklyn Company, Inc.
2648:Witchcraft Historiography (review)
2213:Gerald Gardner was initiated into
2116:card of the 16th and 17th century
1557:, a source that likely influenced
14:
3190:. Northwestern University Press.
2740:Clute, John; Grant, John (1997).
2198:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
2107:Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie
1493:, a former High Priestess of the
1255:), he is generally regarded as a
4583:Spellwork / Incantation
4055:
3972:
3395:Witches, Druids, and King Arthur
3267:. Trustees of the British Museum
2957:A Popular Dictionary of Paganism
2261:Art, fantasy and science fiction
1836:The Witch-Cult in Western Europe
1717:and animus. One such example is
1497:, claimed that Gerald Gardner's
1368:writes that the Horned God also
378:Spellwork / Incantation
80:
41:
5005:Witchcraft Research Association
3213:Discover your sub-personalities
1800:Twenty-one red deer headdresses
1615:, a Welsh mythological figure,
1135:Witchcraft Research Association
654:Witchcraft Research Association
5068:New religious movement deities
5000:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
4412:Holly King / Oak King
2848:Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (1997).
2209:Aleister Crowley § Occult
1802:, made from the skulls of the
1767:Theories of historical origins
1751:proposes the Horned God as a "
1535:referred to the Horned God as
1218:duotheistic theological system
1212:The Horned God represents the
1110:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
455:Holly King / Oak King
1:
3884:. New York University Press.
3452:Witchcraft in the Middle Ages
3345:The God of the Witches (1931)
2797:Introduction to Pagan Studies
2460:In June 1986, the comic book
2196:, which came together in the
2019:as the god of the witches in
1630:In the neopagan tradition of
1588:, the god was referred to as
1517:, which she theorised was of
1511:stone carving found in France
4903:List of Wiccan organisations
3722:. Rutgers University Press.
3265:"British Museum headdresses"
3123:WiseWitch (5 August 2020) .
2628:Triple Goddess (Neopaganism)
2408:of a benevolent Horned God.
2036:In 1985 Classical historian
1573:as a subordinate consort to
4101:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
3621:with the "goat at Mendes."
3138:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2022).
2795:Davy, Barbara Jane (2006).
2742:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2737:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
1858:of the Indian sub-religion
1469:descent into the underworld
1261:Oak King and the Holly King
622:New Reformed Orthodox Order
500:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
5099:
4132:Church and School of Wicca
4053:
3878:van Dyke, Annette (1992).
3186:Jungian Literary Criticism
3101:. Capall Bann Publishing.
2930:Magliocco, Sabina (2004).
2510:In the popular video game
2445:is taught and guided by a
2206:
2164:
2029:
1959:
1940:Influences from literature
1878:sources, ranging from the
1822:Following the writings of
1787:Sketch of Breuil's drawing
1775:A red deer headdress from
1745:Mythopoetic men's movement
1193:and some related forms of
639:SpiralScouts International
607:Church and School of Wicca
592:Aquarian Tabernacle Church
520:Church and School of Wicca
18:
4851:The Meaning of Witchcraft
3748:. John Wiley & Sons.
3521:. Routledge. p. 61.
3499:The Rebirth of Witchcraft
3497:Valiente, Doreen (2007).
3343:Murray, Margaret (1970).
3322:. Standard Publications.
3159:The Inner World of Trauma
3157:Kalsched, Donald (1996).
2982:The Rebirth of Witchcraft
2980:Valiente, Doreen (2007).
2902:Salomonsen, Jone (2001).
2823:Greenwood, Susan (2005).
2469:Sláine and the Horned God
2386:The Blood on Satan's Claw
2084:Eliphas Levi's image of "
2068:Influences from occultism
1882:French cave painting of "
1814:worship of a Horned God.
1434:The Meaning of Witchcraft
1364:, virility and the hunt.
1253:British Traditional Wicca
1002:The Meaning of Witchcraft
40:
33:
4450:Wiccan views of divinity
4187:Universal Eclectic Wicca
3617:specifically associates
3005:Farrar, Stewart (2010).
2955:Pearson, Joanne (2002).
2767:"Some basic definitions"
2603:Horned deity (mythology)
2457:idea of the Horned God.
2428:as the "spring maiden".
2161:Gerald Gardner and Wicca
2007:(Cathedral of St. Paul,
1607:, who, according to the
769:Wiccan views of divinity
644:Universal Eclectic Wicca
570:Universal Eclectic Wicca
4933:Cunning folk in Britain
3945:Rennison, Nick (2012).
3772:Gibson, Marion (2013).
3652:Hutton, Ronald (1991).
3450:Russell, J. B. (1972).
3397:. Hambledon Continuum.
3393:Hutton, Ronald (2006).
3368:Purkiss, Diane (2006).
3287:Woman, Church and State
3241:Healing the Male Psyche
3079:Seims, Melissa (2007).
3037:Hutton, Ronald (1995).
2711:d'Este, Sorita (2008).
2690:. London: Robert Hale.
2550:take part in a violent
2289:The Wind in the Willows
2180:The "father of Wicca",
1623:, a horned figure from
1599:, which was founded by
1531:, a High Priest of the
1501:referred to the god as
1063:Cunning folk in Britain
649:Wiccan Church of Canada
617:Covenant of the Goddess
4717:Magical tools in Wicca
4289:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
3922:500 Comicbook Villains
3814:Embracing the Darkness
3776:. Taylor and Francis.
3744:Halberstam, J (1996).
3658:. Blackwell. pp.
3285:Gage, Matilda (2008).
3182:Sugg, Richard (1994).
2335:Quatermass and the Pit
2283:
2278:(1789), which depicts
2143:
2081:
2012:
1890:to the modern English
1868:The God of the Witches
1863:
1788:
1780:
1739:Following the work of
1687:
1640:Charles Godfrey Leland
1555:The God of the Witches
1487:
1421:
1321:
1251:In traditional Wicca (
859:Magical tools in Wicca
233:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
5053:Modern pagan theology
4923:Witch-cult hypothesis
4879:Charge of the Goddess
4620:Solitary practitioner
4538:Drawing down the Moon
4319:Cerridwen Fallingstar
4040:Wicca and LGBT people
3924:. Collins and Brown.
3920:Conroy, Mike (2004).
3840:British Horror Cinema
3812:Callow, John (2017).
3097:Howard, Mike (2001).
3041:. Oxford Paperbacks.
2536:The historical novel
2529:The historical novel
2412:Marion Zimmer Bradley
2402:Mildred Downey Broxon
2396:In the fantasy novel
2268:
2167:Wicca § Theology
2126:copulated with a goat
2075:
1992:
1853:
1786:
1774:
1757:humanistic psychology
1735:Humanistic psychology
1681:
1569:deity conflated with
1533:Alexandrian tradition
1482:
1316:
1228:of the Moon or other
1030:Charge of the Goddess
634:The Rowan Tree Church
415:Solitary practitioner
333:Drawing down the Moon
263:Cerridwen Fallingstar
133:Witch-cult hypothesis
5058:Mythological hybrids
4096:Central Valley Wicca
3981:at Wikimedia Commons
3370:The Witch in History
3239:Rowan, John (1996).
3211:Rowan, John (1993).
2715:. London: Avalonia.
2449:-like figure called
2398:Too Long A Sacrifice
2347:The Golden Strangers
2237:Romano-Celtic fusion
2200:, where Gardner met
1495:Gardnerian tradition
584:Wiccan organisations
495:Central Valley Wicca
4944:Malleus Maleficarum
4938:European witchcraft
4918:Neopagan witchcraft
4073:British Traditional
4016:Neopagan witchcraft
3949:. Oldcastle Books.
3624:De Iside et Osiride
3600:ii. 42, 46 and 166.
3519:The Paganism Reader
3501:. Robert Hale Ltd.
3474:The Paganism reader
3289:. Forgotten Books.
3081:"The Coven of Atho"
3009:. Robert Hale Ltd.
2984:. Robert Hale Ltd.
2881:. Robert Hale Ltd.
2827:. Berg Publishers.
2825:The nature of magic
2476:and illustrated by
2362:Rosemary Sutcliff's
1833:, in her 1921 book
1827:Matilda Joslyn Gage
1792:Many horned deities
1580:In the writings of
1319:Gundestrup Cauldron
1104:Malleus Maleficarum
1073:European witchcraft
602:Children of Artemis
4959:Magical alphabets
4908:Bricket Wood coven
4886:Enchanted Feminism
4279:Zsuzsanna Budapest
4035:Etymology of Wicca
3865:Fantasy Newsletter
3799:Fantasy Newsletter
3063:Culture and Cosmos
2904:Enchanted Feminism
2879:The Witches' bible
2799:. AltaMira Press.
2777:on 6 January 2007.
2646:Michael D. Bailey
2435:television series
2284:
2130:E. A. Wallis Budge
2118:Tarot of Marseille
2082:
2013:
1864:
1789:
1781:
1688:
1499:Bricket Wood coven
1488:
1322:
1216:of the religion's
1037:Enchanted Feminism
624:of the Golden Dawn
223:Zsuzsanna Budapest
116:Bricket Wood coven
111:Etymology of Wicca
5020:
5019:
4641:Wheel of the Year
4294:Patricia Crowther
4195:
4194:
4081:Alexandrian Wicca
4046:Dettmer v. Landon
3977:Media related to
3956:978-1-842-43247-1
3823:978-1-786-73261-3
3783:978-1-135-08254-3
3729:978-0-8135-4021-4
3508:978-0-7090-8369-6
3296:978-1-60620-191-6
3016:978-0-7090-9014-4
2991:978-0-7090-8369-6
2765:Starhawk (2006).
2722:978-1-905297-17-7
2438:Robin of Sherwood
2433:Richard Carpenter
2270:Francisco de Goya
1966:The reception of
1928:rock-painting at
1905:In dealing with "
1728:Wuthering Heights
1392:Wheel of the Year
1183:
1182:
674:Wheel of the Year
480:Alexandrian Wicca
326:Rites and rituals
238:Patricia Crowther
127:Dettmer v. Landon
59:
58:
5090:
4990:Witches' Sabbath
4913:New Forest coven
4872:Witchcraft Today
4858:The Spiral Dance
4405:Spirit of nature
4364:Silver RavenWolf
4309:Scott Cunningham
4299:Vivianne Crowley
4269:Raymond Buckland
4137:Cochrane's Craft
4106:Gardnerian Wicca
4069:
4059:
4030:History of Wicca
4009:
4002:
3995:
3986:
3976:
3961:
3960:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3746:Posthuman Bodies
3740:
3734:
3733:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3634:
3628:
3607:
3601:
3594:
3588:
3587:, Vol. 109, 1998
3579:Juliette Wood, "
3577:
3568:
3567:
3561:
3548:
3535:
3532:
3512:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3316:Murray, Margaret
3312:
3301:
3300:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3094:
3085:
3084:
3083:. Thewica.co.uk.
3076:
3070:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3034:
3021:
3020:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2932:Witching Culture
2927:
2918:
2917:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2855:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2792:
2779:
2778:
2773:. Archived from
2762:
2756:
2755:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2683:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2657:
2651:
2644:
2598:Herne the Hunter
2516:, its expansion
2496:Lords and Ladies
2451:Herne the Hunter
2355:human sacrifices
2310:Arthur C. Clarke
2202:Aleister Crowley
1674:Jungian analysis
1625:English folklore
1597:Cochrane's Craft
1543:. The historian
1523:High Magic's Aid
1431:says (in 1959's
1425:Sabina Magliocco
1345:religion of the
1175:
1168:
1161:
1140:Witches' Sabbath
1023:Witchcraft Today
1009:The Spiral Dance
612:Circle Sanctuary
525:Cochrane's Craft
505:Gardnerian Wicca
303:Silver RavenWolf
253:Scott Cunningham
243:Vivianne Crowley
213:Raymond Buckland
121:New Forest coven
106:History of Wicca
99:History of Wicca
90:
84:
61:
45:
26:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5016:
4995:Flying ointment
4891:
4865:What Witches Do
4831:
4752:Book of Shadows
4705:
4629:
4608:Rite of passage
4573:Herbal medicine
4530:
4524:
4435:Wiccan morality
4427:
4421:
4378:
4359:Rosaleen Norton
4354:Frederic Lamond
4349:Philip Heselton
4304:Robert Cochrane
4284:Charles Cardell
4274:Eddie Buczynski
4244:Victor Anderson
4214:Doreen Valiente
4201:
4191:
4110:
4091:Blue Star Wicca
4060:
4051:
4018:
4013:
3969:
3964:
3957:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3697:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3608:
3604:
3595:
3591:
3578:
3571:
3550:
3549:
3538:
3529:
3516:
3509:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3433:Ginzburg, Carlo
3431:
3430:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3314:
3313:
3304:
3297:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3109:
3096:
3095:
3088:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3036:
3035:
3024:
3017:
3007:What Witches Do
3004:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2794:
2793:
2782:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2685:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2573:
2501:Terry Pratchett
2421:Mists of Avalon
2377:Sword at Sunset
2370:(1960) and the
2345:The 1956 novel
2305:Childhood's End
2294:Kenneth Grahame
2263:
2239:
2223:Philip Heselton
2211:
2172:Margaret Murray
2169:
2163:
2070:
2034:
2005:Guillaume Geefs
1999:Le génie du mal
1964:
1954:Greek mythology
1942:
1886:" to the Indic
1831:Margaret Murray
1820:
1818:Margaret Murray
1769:
1737:
1676:
1671:
1601:Robert Cochrane
1582:Charles Cardell
1491:Doreen Valiente
1485:Doreen Valiente
1477:
1418:
1366:Doreen Valiente
1355:Margaret Murray
1339:Robert Cochrane
1335:Doreen Valiente
1311:
1179:
1150:
1149:
1083:Flying ointment
1053:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1016:What Witches Do
989:
988:
979:
978:
964:Theban alphabet
894:Book of Shadows
854:
853:
844:
843:
754:Wiccan morality
749:
748:
739:
738:
669:
668:
659:
658:
629:Panthean Temple
623:
587:
586:
575:
574:
490:Blue Star Wicca
475:
474:
465:
464:
435:
434:
425:
424:
403:Rite of passage
368:Herbal medicine
328:
327:
318:
317:
298:Frederic Lamond
293:Philip Heselton
248:Robert Cochrane
228:Charles Cardell
218:Eddie Buczynski
188:Victor Anderson
158:Doreen Valiente
148:
147:
146:Notable figures
138:
137:
101:
100:
91:
86:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5096:
5094:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5038:Fantasy tropes
5035:
5025:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4827:Witch's ladder
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4772:Chalice/Goblet
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4614:Eko Eko Azarak
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4485:The Summerland
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4417:Mother goddess
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4390:Triple Goddess
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4334:Raven Grimassi
4331:
4329:Stewart Farrar
4326:
4321:
4316:
4314:Phyllis Curott
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4224:Maxine Sanders
4221:
4216:
4211:
4209:Gerald Gardner
4205:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4167:Odyssean Wicca
4164:
4162:Georgian Wicca
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4122:1734 Tradition
4118:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3968:
3967:External links
3965:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3937:
3930:
3912:
3897:
3890:
3870:
3855:
3848:
3829:
3822:
3816:. Bloomsbury.
3804:
3789:
3782:
3761:
3754:
3735:
3728:
3710:
3695:
3675:
3668:
3644:
3629:
3602:
3589:
3569:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3527:
3507:
3489:
3482:
3461:
3442:
3424:
3421:. 6 July 2011.
3410:
3403:
3385:
3378:
3360:
3353:
3335:
3328:
3302:
3295:
3277:
3256:
3249:
3228:
3221:
3203:
3196:
3174:
3167:
3149:
3130:
3115:
3107:
3086:
3071:
3054:
3047:
3022:
3015:
2997:
2990:
2972:
2965:
2947:
2940:
2919:
2912:
2894:
2887:
2869:
2862:
2840:
2833:
2812:
2805:
2780:
2757:
2750:
2728:
2721:
2713:Horns of Power
2703:
2696:
2673:
2652:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2557:The 2015 film
2531:The White Mare
2416:Arthurian myth
2275:Witches Sabbat
2262:
2259:
2238:
2235:
2207:Main article:
2182:Gerald Gardner
2165:Main article:
2162:
2159:
2069:
2066:
2030:Main article:
1976:Raven Grimassi
1960:Main article:
1941:
1938:
1900:Jules Michelet
1819:
1816:
1768:
1765:
1736:
1733:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1663:Pashupati seal
1636:Raven Grimassi
1586:Raymond Howard
1529:Stewart Farrar
1476:
1473:
1429:Gerald Gardner
1396:autumn equinox
1362:the wilderness
1351:Jules Michelet
1331:Gerald Gardner
1310:
1307:
1242:theriocephalic
1230:Mother goddess
1226:Triple goddess
1224:of the female
1207:horned deities
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1098:LGBT and Wicca
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
990:
986:
985:
984:
981:
980:
977:
976:
974:Witch's ladder
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
914:Chalice/Goblet
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
851:
850:
849:
846:
845:
842:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
804:The Summerland
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
746:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
670:
666:
665:
664:
661:
660:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
582:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
550:Odyssean Wicca
547:
545:Georgian Wicca
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
510:1734 Tradition
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
476:
472:
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
460:Mother goddess
457:
452:
447:
442:
440:Triple Goddess
436:
432:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
417:
412:
409:Eko Eko Azarak
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
329:
325:
324:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
278:Raven Grimassi
275:
273:Stewart Farrar
270:
265:
260:
258:Phyllis Curott
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
168:Maxine Sanders
165:
160:
155:
153:Gerald Gardner
149:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:
130:
123:
118:
113:
108:
102:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
85:
77:
76:
70:
69:
57:
56:
54:Triple Goddess
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
34:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5095:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5073:Pseudohistory
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4980:Witching hour
4978:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:Paraphernalia
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4568:Cone of power
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Fivefold kiss
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4490:Reincarnation
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:Rule of Three
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4374:Joseph Wilson
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4264:Jack Bracelin
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4198:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:Coven of Atho
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4010:
4005:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3958:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3931:1-843-40205-X
3927:
3923:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3891:0-8147-8770-3
3887:
3883:
3882:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3849:0-415-23004-7
3845:
3842:. Routledge.
3841:
3833:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3755:0-253-20970-6
3751:
3747:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3696:0-7486-1057-X
3692:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3669:0-631-17288-2
3665:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3528:0-415-30353-2
3524:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3483:0-415-30353-2
3479:
3476:. Routledge.
3475:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3406:
3404:1-85285-555-X
3400:
3396:
3389:
3386:
3381:
3379:0-415-08762-7
3375:
3372:. Routledge.
3371:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3354:0-19-501270-4
3350:
3346:
3339:
3336:
3331:
3329:1-59462-126-8
3325:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3278:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3252:
3250:0-415-10049-6
3246:
3243:. Routledge.
3242:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3222:0-415-07366-9
3218:
3215:. Routledge.
3214:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3197:0-8101-1042-3
3193:
3188:
3187:
3178:
3175:
3170:
3168:0-415-12329-1
3164:
3161:. Routledge.
3160:
3153:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3110:
3108:1-86163-155-3
3104:
3100:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3048:0-19-285449-6
3044:
3040:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2966:0-7007-1591-6
2962:
2959:. Routledge.
2958:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2941:0-8122-3803-6
2937:
2933:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2913:0-415-22393-8
2909:
2906:. Routledge.
2905:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2888:0-7090-7227-9
2884:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2863:0-7914-3854-6
2859:
2854:
2853:
2844:
2841:
2836:
2834:1-84520-095-0
2830:
2826:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2806:0-7591-0819-6
2802:
2798:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2751:1-85723-368-9
2747:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2697:0-7090-3319-2
2693:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2663:. Druidry.org
2662:
2656:
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2640:
2634:
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2609:
2608:Horned helmet
2606:
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2589:
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2514:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:, written by
2471:
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2348:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2302:In the novel
2300:
2297:
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2291:
2290:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2256:
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2248:
2244:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2219:Ronald Hutton
2216:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
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1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
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1832:
1828:
1825:
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1797:
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1758:
1754:
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1746:
1742:
1734:
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1730:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1669:In psychology
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:, founded by
1633:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1545:Ronald Hutton
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1423:According to
1420:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1299:psychological
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
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1215:
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1208:
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1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1145:Witching hour
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
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1081:
1079:
1076:
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1059:
1056:
1055:
1047:
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1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
996:
992:
991:
983:
982:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
852:Paraphernalia
848:
847:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
809:Reincarnation
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
764:Rule of Three
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
743:
742:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
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637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
597:Coven Celeste
595:
593:
590:
589:
585:
579:
578:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
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543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
530:Coven of Atho
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
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501:
498:
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493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
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396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
363:Cone of power
361:
359:
356:
354:
353:Fivefold kiss
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
322:
321:
314:
313:Joseph Wilson
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
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281:
279:
276:
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244:
241:
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224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
208:Jack Bracelin
206:
204:
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199:
196:
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189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
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156:
154:
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150:
142:
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134:
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124:
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119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
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103:
95:
94:
89:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:
55:
52:
48:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
5048:Hunting gods
5011:Fluffy Bunny
4955:Cunning folk
4950:Granny woman
4942:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4625:Spiral dance
4612:
4563:Magic circle
4394:
4344:Yvonne Frost
4324:Janet Farrar
4239:Margot Adler
4219:Alex Sanders
4147:Dianic Wicca
4127:Celtic Wicca
4086:Algard Wicca
4044:
3946:
3940:
3921:
3915:
3906:
3900:
3880:
3873:
3864:
3858:
3839:
3832:
3813:
3807:
3798:
3792:
3773:
3745:
3738:
3719:
3713:
3685:
3678:
3654:
3647:
3632:
3623:
3610:
3605:
3597:
3592:
3584:
3557:
3518:
3498:
3492:
3473:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3436:
3427:
3413:
3394:
3388:
3369:
3363:
3344:
3338:
3319:
3286:
3280:
3269:. Retrieved
3259:
3240:
3212:
3206:
3185:
3177:
3158:
3152:
3143:
3133:
3118:
3113:Chapter One.
3098:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3038:
3006:
3000:
2981:
2975:
2956:
2950:
2931:
2903:
2897:
2878:
2872:
2851:
2843:
2824:
2796:
2775:the original
2770:
2769:. On-faith.
2760:
2741:
2736:
2735:Clute, John
2731:
2712:
2706:
2687:
2665:. Retrieved
2655:
2647:
2642:
2558:
2556:
2544:Angus Donald
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2478:Simon Bisley
2467:
2463:2000 AD
2462:
2459:
2436:
2430:
2419:
2410:
2397:
2395:
2384:
2382:
2375:
2367:Knight's Fee
2365:
2359:
2351:Henry Treece
2346:
2344:
2333:
2330:Nigel Kneale
2327:
2319:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2287:
2285:
2273:
2240:
2231:Gnostic Mass
2227:Leo Ruickbie
2212:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2154:
2144:
2135:
2111:
2105:
2094:Christianity
2083:
2078:Eliphas LĂ©vi
2041:
2035:
2020:
2014:
1996:
1983:
1979:
1972:Leo Martello
1967:
1965:
1943:
1935:
1923:
1919:
1915:Jean Clottes
1911:Henri Breuil
1907:The Sorcerer
1904:
1896:James Frazer
1892:Dorset Ooser
1884:The Sorcerer
1867:
1865:
1834:
1829:and others,
1821:
1790:
1738:
1726:
1723:Emily Brontë
1711:
1696:
1689:
1656:
1650:, Cern, and
1629:
1594:
1589:
1579:
1559:Alex Sanders
1554:
1550:Dhul-Qarnayn
1548:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1522:
1514:
1506:
1489:
1461:Mesopotamian
1450:
1439:
1432:
1422:
1416:
1404:
1374:
1359:
1323:
1305:literature.
1296:
1250:
1211:
1198:
1197:. The term
1186:
1184:
1102:
1093:Granny woman
1078:Fluffy Bunny
1058:Cunning folk
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
747:Key concepts
535:Dianic Wicca
515:Celtic Wicca
485:Algard Wicca
444:
420:Spiral dance
407:
358:Magic circle
288:Yvonne Frost
268:Janet Farrar
183:Margot Adler
163:Alex Sanders
125:
21:Horned deity
5063:Nature gods
5043:Horned gods
4548:Handfasting
4475:White magic
4440:Wiccan Rede
4339:Gavin Frost
4259:Lois Bourne
4152:Faery Wicca
3609:Herodotus,
3596:Herodotus,
3552:Luck, Georg
3347:. OUA USA.
3069:(1): 45–70.
2505:the witches
2360:In some of
2186:Freemasonry
2147:Banebdjedet
1880:paleolithic
1854:Horned God
1845:inquisition
1761:paraphillia
1195:Neopaganism
794:White magic
759:Wiccan Rede
540:Faery Wicca
343:Handfasting
283:Gavin Frost
203:Lois Bourne
5078:Solar gods
5033:Death gods
5027:Categories
4985:Witch-hunt
4836:Literature
4817:Tarot deck
4676:Lughnasadh
4603:Initiation
4598:Invocation
4593:Divination
4543:Great rite
4531:and ritual
4510:Watchtower
4480:Otherworld
4470:Witchcraft
4460:Craft name
4395:Horned God
4254:Gavin Bone
4229:Sybil Leek
4182:Stregheria
4172:Reclaiming
4065:Traditions
3979:Horned God
3513:Quoted in
3271:2018-01-17
2667:2014-02-25
2635:References
2548:Robin Hood
2542:(2009) by
2524:werewolves
2443:Robin Hood
2321:The Dæmons
2315:Doctor Who
2308:(1953) by
2286:In 1908's
2215:the O.T.O.
2038:Georg Luck
2011:, Belgium)
1926:mesolithic
1856:Naigamesha
1824:suffragist
1749:John Rowan
1741:Robert Bly
1719:Heathcliff
1632:Stregheria
1605:Tubal-cain
1457:Summerland
1453:Underworld
1347:Witch-Cult
1290:, and the
1199:Horned God
1187:Horned God
1130:Witch-hunt
987:Literature
959:Tarot deck
829:Watchtower
799:Otherworld
789:Witchcraft
779:Craft name
709:Lughnasadh
565:Stregheria
555:Reclaiming
473:Traditions
445:Horned God
398:Initiation
393:Invocation
388:Divination
338:Great rite
198:Gavin Bone
173:Sybil Leek
29:Horned God
4787:Parchment
4701:Wild Hunt
4671:Midsummer
4588:Banishing
4553:Wiccaning
4400:Green Man
4177:Seax-Wica
3626:, lxxiii.
3611:Histories
3598:Histories
3457:strength.
3144:The Hindu
2771:News-Week
2744:. Orbit.
2593:Green Man
2583:Cernunnos
2560:The Witch
2519:Bloodmoon
2513:Morrowind
2490:Discworld
2487:The 1992
2482:Cernunnos
2474:Pat Mills
2372:Arthurian
2280:the Devil
2255:the devil
2243:Cernunnos
2194:Theosophy
2155:Banebdjed
2122:Herodotus
2102:Occultist
2092:and that
2046:Cernunnos
2040:, in his
1950:Romantics
1888:Pashupati
1841:the Devil
1808:Star Carr
1777:Star Carr
1699:repressed
1659:Pashupati
1541:Cernunnos
1503:Cernunnos
1442:Green Man
1411:wild hunt
1265:Pentagram
1257:dualistic
1214:male part
1203:syncretic
929:Parchment
734:Wild Hunt
704:Midsummer
560:Seax-Wica
450:Green Man
383:Banishing
348:Wiccaning
4812:Talisman
4792:Pentacle
4762:Cauldron
4646:Solstice
4634:Holidays
4515:Familiar
4505:Summoner
4428:concepts
4369:Starhawk
3705:39533917
3615:Plutarch
3613:ii. 46.
3585:Folklore
3554:(1985).
3318:(2006).
2578:Dionysus
2571:See also
2441:(1984),
2426:Morgaine
2391:Behemoth
2132:writes,
2086:Baphomet
2025:Satanism
1872:European
1860:Kaumaram
1812:Neopagan
1804:red deer
1796:Sorcerer
1753:Wild Man
1686:, Cyprus
1563:Karneios
1537:Karnayna
1507:Kernunno
1463:myth of
1444:and the
1384:energies
1309:In Wicca
1269:Pentacle
1246:humanity
1068:Enochian
954:Talisman
934:Pentacle
904:Cauldron
834:Familiar
824:Summoner
679:Solstice
667:Holidays
308:Starhawk
88:Pentacle
66:a series
64:Part of
4896:Related
4802:Scourge
4782:Incense
4757:Candles
4686:Samhain
4666:Beltane
4651:Equinox
4578:Scrying
4520:Animism
4500:Skyclad
4383:Deities
4249:Artemis
4202:figures
4200:Notable
4023:History
3907:Starlog
3660:260–261
2613:Krampus
2431:In the
2340:Martian
2090:deities
2017:Lucifer
1994:Lucifer
1743:in the
1692:Jungian
1652:Actaeon
1617:Wayland
1567:Spartan
1515:Janicot
1446:Sun God
1400:Samhain
1388:Goddess
1327:Sun God
1303:fantasy
1286:), the
1284:Warrior
1238:antlers
1222:consort
1125:Thelema
944:Scourge
924:Incense
899:Candles
839:Animism
819:Skyclad
719:Samhain
699:Beltane
684:Equinox
433:Deities
373:Scrying
193:Artemis
50:Consort
4973:Hebrew
4968:Theban
4807:Statue
4767:Censer
4747:Boline
4732:Athame
4727:Amulet
4661:Ostara
4656:Imbolc
3953:
3928:
3888:
3846:
3820:
3780:
3752:
3726:
3703:
3693:
3666:
3619:Osiris
3525:
3505:
3480:
3401:
3376:
3351:
3326:
3293:
3247:
3219:
3194:
3165:
3105:
3045:
3013:
2988:
2963:
2938:
2910:
2885:
2860:
2831:
2803:
2748:
2719:
2694:
2546:, has
2539:Outlaw
2493:novel
2447:shaman
2406:avatar
2374:novel
2318:story
2251:Faunus
2225:, and
2192:, and
2190:Occult
2188:, the
2151:Osiris
2113:Diable
2058:pagans
2054:Faunus
2021:Aradia
1984:Aradia
1980:Aradia
1968:Aradia
1876:Indian
1715:shadow
1707:animus
1684:Enkomi
1661:, See
1648:Faunus
1644:Dianus
1571:Apollo
1519:Basque
1465:Inanna
1407:Imbolc
1381:female
1288:Father
1273:triune
1220:, the
1120:Theban
1088:Goetia
949:Statue
909:Censer
889:Boline
874:Athame
869:Amulet
694:Ostara
689:Imbolc
5083:Wicca
4963:Runes
4797:Runes
4742:Besom
4722:Altar
4696:Esbat
4681:Mabon
4529:Rites
4495:Karma
4465:Magic
4455:Coven
4115:Other
2623:Satyr
2552:pagan
2499:, by
2455:Pagan
2139:i. 88
2098:Satan
2062:Devil
2009:Liège
1930:Cogul
1721:from
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1621:Herne
1609:Bible
1575:Diana
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1191:Wicca
1115:Runes
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864:Altar
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774:Coven
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4822:Wand
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4691:Yule
4234:Dafo
4157:Feri
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3701:OCLC
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1898:and
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