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Horned God

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1784: 1394:. The seasonal cycle is imagined to follow the relationship between the Horned God and the Goddess. The Horned God is born in winter, impregnates the Goddess and then dies during the autumn and winter months and is then reborn by the Goddess at Yule. The different relationships throughout the year are sometimes distinguished by splitting the god into aspects, the Oak King and the Holly King. The relationships between the Goddess and the Horned God are mirrored by Wiccans in seasonal rituals. There is some variation between Wiccan groups as to which sabbat corresponds to which part of the cycle. Some Wiccans regard the Horned God as dying at Lammas, August 1; also known as Lughnasadh, which is the first harvest sabbat. Others may see him dying at Mabon, the 1448:. In traditional Wicca, however, these other representations of the Wiccan god are subsumed or amalgamated into the Horned God, as aspects or expressions of him. Sometimes this is shown by adding horns or antlers to the iconography. The Green Man, for example, may be shown with branches resembling antlers; and the Sun God may be depicted with a crown or halo of solar rays, that may resemble horns. These other conceptions of the Wiccan god should not be regarded as displacing the Horned God, but rather as elaborating on various facets of his nature. Doreen Valiente has called the Horned God "the eldest of gods" in both The Witches Creed and also in her Invocation To The Horned God. 2266: 1480: 1990: 2073: 1679: 4057: 1772: 1314: 43: 82: 3974: 2137:
The Mendisians, according to this last writer, paid reverence to all goats, and more to the males than to the females, and particularly to one he-goat, on the death of which public mourning is observed throughout the whole Mendesian district; they call both Pan and the goat Mendes, and both were worshipped as gods of generation and fecundity. Diodorus (
2296:, in Chapter 7, "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn", Ratty and Mole meet a mystical horned being, powerful, fearsome and kind. Grahame's work was a significant part of the cultural milieu which stripped the Greek god Pan of his cultural identity in favor of an unnamed, generic horned deity which led to Murray's thesis of historical origins. 1386:. In traditional Wicca, the Horned God and the Goddess are seen as equal and opposite in gender polarity. However, in some of the newer traditions of Wicca, and especially those influenced by feminist ideology, there is more emphasis on the Goddess, and consequently the symbolism of the Horned God is less developed than that of the 1437:) that The Horned God is an Under-god, a mediator between an unknowable supreme deity and the people. (In Wiccan liturgy in the Book of Shadows, this conception of an unknowable supreme deity is referred to as "Dryghtyn." It is not a personal god, but rather an impersonal divinity similar to the Tao of Taoism.) 2312:, all humans have a collective premonition, also described as a memory of the future, of horned aliens which arrive to usher in a new phase of human evolution. The collective subconscious image of the horned aliens is what accounts for mankind's image of the devil or Satan. This theme is also explored in the 2324:
in 1971, where the local superstitions around a landmark known as The Devil's Hump prove to be based on reality, as aliens from the planet Dæmos have been affecting man's progress over the millennia and the Hump actually contains a spacecraft. The only Dæmon to appear is a classic interpretation of
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At several places in the Delta, e.g. Hermopolis, Lycopolis, and Mendes, the god Pan and a goat were worshipped; Strabo, quoting (xvii. 1, 19) Pindar, says that in these places goats had intercourse with women, and Herodotus (ii. 46) instances a case which was said to have taken place in the open day.
1263:. In this dualistic view, his two horns symbolize, in part, his dual nature. (The use of horns to symbolize duality is also reflected in the phrase "on the horns of a dilemma.") The three aspects of the Goddess and the two aspects of the Horned god are sometimes mapped on to the five points of the 2141:) compares the cult of the goat of Mendes with that of Priapus, and groups the god with the Pans and the Satyrs. The goat referred to by all these writers is the famous Mendean Ram, or Ram of Mendes, the cult of which was, according to Manetho, established by Kakau, the king of the IInd dynasty. 1956:
at the time led to the figure of Pan becoming generalised as a 'horned god', and applying connotations to the character, such as benevolence that were not evident in the original Greek myths which in turn gave rise to the popular acceptance of Murray's hypothetical horned god of the witches.
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in northeast Spain as evidence of group religious ceremony of the cult, although the central male figure is not horned. The illustration she used of the Cogul painting leaves out a number of figures, human and animal, and the original is more likely a sequence of superimposed but unrelated
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Other historians, like Byloff and Bonomo, have been willing to build upon the useful aspects of Murray's work without adopting its untenable elements, and the independent and careful researches of contemporary scholars have lent aspects of the Murray thesis considerable new
1913:, which some modern scholars such as Ronald Hutton claim is inaccurate. Hutton states that modern photographs show the original cave art lacks horns, a human torso or any other significant detail on its upper half. However, others, such as celebrated prehistorian 1712:
In considering the Horned God as a symbol recurring in women's literature, Richard Sugg suggests the Horned God represents the 'natural Eros', a masculine lover subjugating the social-conformist nature of the female shadow, thus encompassing a combination of the
2174:'s theory of the historical origins of the Horned God has been used by Wiccans to create a myth of historical origins for their religion. There is no verifiable evidence to support claims that the religion originates earlier than the mid-20th century. 1920:
Breuil considered his drawing to represent a shaman or magician—an interpretation which gives the image its name. Murray having seen the drawing called Breuil's image "the first depiction of a deity", an idea which Breuil and others later adopted.
2124:' account that the god of Mendes—the Greek name for Djedet, Egypt—was depicted with a goat's face and legs. Herodotus relates how all male goats were held in great reverence by the Mendesians, and how in his time a woman publicly 2184:, who adopted Margaret Murray's thesis, claimed Wicca was a modern survival of an ancient pan-European pagan religion. Gardner states that he had reconstructed elements of the religion from fragments, incorporating elements from 2253:, a combination of gods which he posits created a new deity, around which the remaining pagans, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of 1705:. If split off entirely, he leads to violence, substance abuse and sexual perversion. When integrated he gives the male an ego "in possession of its own destructiveness" and for the female psyche gives an effective 1324:
In traditional and mainstream Wicca, the Horned God is viewed as the divine male principality, being both equal and opposite to the Goddess. The Wiccan god himself can be represented in many forms, including as the
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Modern scholarship has disproved Margaret Murray's theory. However, various horned gods and mother goddesses were indeed worshipped in the British Isles during the ancient and early Medieval periods.
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terms, as an archetypal protector and mediator of the outside world to the objective psyche. In her theory the male psyche's 'Horned God' frequently compensates for inadequate fathering.
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Outside of works that predate the publication of Murray's thesis, horned god motifs and characters appear in fantasy literature that draws upon her work and that of her followers.
1232:. In common Wiccan belief, he is associated with nature, wilderness, sexuality, hunting, and the life cycle. Whilst depictions of the deity vary, he is always shown with either 2023:
was "too strong meat" for Wiccans who were used to the gentler, romantic paganism of Gerald Gardner and were especially quick to reject any relationship between witchcraft and
2338:, depictions of supernatural horned entities, with specific reference to prehistoric cave-art and shamanistic horned head-dress are revealed to be a "race-memory" of psychic 1839:, proposed the theory that the witches of the early-modern period were remnants of a pagan cult and that the Christian Church had declared the god of the witches was in fact 1329:, the Sacrificed God and the Vegetation God, although the Horned God is the most popular representation. The pioneers of the various Wiccan or Witchcraft traditions, such as 2533:(2004) by Jules Watson, set in Scotland in the year 79 CE, features a scene where the heroine is partnered with a priest of the Horned God during a religious ceremony. 1731:. Sugg goes on to note that female characters who are paired with this character usually end up socially ostracised, or worse—in an inverted ending to the male hero-story. 2357:
while wearing a hood with stag's horns attached to it. According to historian Marion Gibson, Treece based the Hornman character on Murray's conception of the Horned God.
2044:, theorised that the origins of the Witch-cult may have appeared in late antiquity as a faith primarily designed to worship the Horned God, stemming from the merging of 1783: 2766: 1870:, which tries to gather evidence in support of her witch-cult theory. In Chapter 1 "The Horned God". Murray claims that various depictions of humans with horns from 621: 4006: 1970:
amongst Neopagans has not been entirely positive. Clifton suggests that modern claims of revealing an Italian pagan witchcraft tradition, for example those of
2380:(1963), several of the heroes worship a stag-antlered deity called the Horned One. The depiction of this deity is similar to that given in Murray's writings. 2522:(2003) has a plot enemy known as Hircine, the Daedric god of the Hunt, who appears as a horned man with the face of a deer skull. He condemned his "hounds" ( 2526:) to walk the mortal ground during the Bloodmoon until a champion defeats him or Bloodmoon falls. When in combat, Hircine appears as a horned wolf or bear. 1794:
are known to have been worshipped in various cultures throughout history. Evidence for horned gods appear very early in the human record. The so-called
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and is the primary antagonist in a story rich with antagonists. He presents as a Fertility God who has largely lost his mind and become nihilistic.
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Wiccans believe that The Horned God, as Lord of Death, is their "comforter and consoler" after death and before reincarnation; and that he rules the
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of the 18th century and connected with their ideals of a pastoral England. This, along with the general public's increasing lack of familiarity of
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Whilst the Horned God is the most common depiction of masculine divinity in Wicca, he is not the only representation. Other examples include the
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flanked by Satanic witches. The Witch Cult hypothesis states that such stories are based upon a real-life pagan cult that revered a horned god.
1894:, are evidence for an unbroken, Europe-wide tradition of worship of a singular Horned God. Murray derived this model of a horned god cult from 2453:(a figure from English legend). Herne wears a headdress of a horned stag's head. Carpenter stated in an interview that Herne was based on the 3954: 3821: 3781: 3727: 3506: 3294: 3014: 2989: 2720: 4843: 2265: 2241:
Georg Luck, repeats part of Murray's theory, stating that the Horned God may have appeared in late antiquity, stemming from the merging of
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by Aleister Crowley and subsequently went on to found the Neopagan religion of Wicca. Various scholars on early Wiccan history, such as
2060:, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of the 4927: 1810:. They are thought to date from roughly 9,000 BCE. Several theories have been created to establish historical roots for modern 1479: 1413:. In Gardnerian Wicca, the Dryghten prayer recited at the end of every ritual meeting contains the lines referring to the Horned God: 4039: 3999: 3929: 3889: 3847: 3753: 3694: 3667: 3526: 3481: 3402: 3377: 3352: 3327: 3248: 3220: 3195: 3166: 3106: 3046: 2964: 2939: 2911: 2886: 2861: 2832: 2804: 2749: 2695: 2197: 2106: 1097: 2567:
that swept across Europe, deals with an interpretation of the Horned God, which takes the form of Black Phillip, the family goat.
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For Wiccans, the Horned God is "the personification of the life force energy in animals and the wild" and is associated with
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Wiccans generally, as well as some other neopagans, tend to conceive of the universe as polarized into gender opposites of
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who are the heroines of the book (indeed, quite the reverse), they temporarily ally themselves with him out of necessity.
2414:, who acknowledges the influence of Murray, uses the figure of the "horned god" in her feminist fantasy transformation of 1744: 1459:
where the souls of the dead reside as they await rebirth. Some, such as Joanne Pearson, believe that this is based on the
1398:, or the second harvest festival. Still other Wiccans conceive of the Horned God dying on October 31, which Wiccans call 4404: 4389: 3992: 2627: 2385: 1683: 1244:(having a beast's head), in this way emphasizing "the union of the divine and the animal", the latter of which includes 1225: 439: 53: 1697:
When first encountered, the figure is a dangerous, 'hairy chthonic wildman' possessed of kindness and intelligence. If
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may be due to an "insecurity" within Neopaganism about the movement's claim to authenticity as a religious revival.
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concur that witchcraft's early rituals, as devised by Gardner, contained much from Crowley's writings such as the
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Despite widespread criticism of Murray's scholarship some minor aspects of her work continued to have supporters.
1271:, although which points correspond to which deity aspects varies. In some other systems, he is represented as a 4850: 4072: 3742:
White, Eric (1996). "Once they were men: Now they're Landcrabs: Monsterous Becomings in Evolutionist Cinema", in
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Valiente offers another explanation for the negative reaction of some neopagans; that the identification of
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Altar statues of the Horned God and Mother Goddess crafted by Bel Bucca and owned by the "Mother of Wicca",
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as a he-goat, further imagined by him as "copulator in Anep and inseminator in the district of Mendes".
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Bernstein, Abbie (February 1990). "Legends of the Hooded Man : Richard Carpenter interview".
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Jones, P. 2005. A Goddess Arrives: Nineteenth Century Sources of the New Age Triple Moon Goddess.
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features a "Hornman", a priest of the "Children of the Sun" tribe. The Hornman performs numerous
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Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Collection of Ancient Texts
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Hunt, Leon (2001). "Necromancy in the UK: Witchcraft and the occult in British horror", in
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This article is about the Wiccan deity. For gods with horns or antlers on their heads, see
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Imagining the Pagan Past: Gods and Goddesses in Literature and History Since the Dark Ages
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circles of England and France. Levi created his image of Baphomet, published in his
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The Roebuck in the Thicket: An Anthology of the Robert Cochrane Witchcraft Tradition
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and likely fitted with leather laces, have been uncovered at the Mesolithic site of
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was the first blacksmith. In this neopagan concept, the god is also referred to as
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god of twofold aspects: bright and dark, night and day, summer and winter, the
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Historically, the deity that was venerated at Egyptian Mendes was a ram deity
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in Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft – Volume 3, Number 1, Summer 2008, pp. 81–85
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Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches § Influence on Wicca and Stregheria
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term for a horned or antlered anthropomorphic god partly based on historical
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The Celtic Tarot and the Secret Traditions: A Study in Modern Legend Making
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following historians who had purported the Witch-Cult's existence, such as
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Murray's theories have been seen to have had influence on the horror film
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grasshoppers, manifested at the climax of the film by a fiery horned god.
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Pearson, Joanne; Roberts, Richard H; Samuel, Geoffrey (December 1998).
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In the critically acclaimed and influential 1950s TV series created by
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ceremony where Robin plays the part of Cernunnos, the Horned God.
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Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds
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The Triumph of the Moon: a History of Modern Pagan Witchcaraft
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was removed from its classical context in the writings of the
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Grant, Joan (March 1985). "Review: "Too Long A Sacrifice"".
1341:, all claimed that their religion was a continuation of the 1978:, must be "match against", and compared with the claims in 1603:, the Horned God was often referred to by a Biblical name; 3720:
Teenage Witches: Magical Youth and the Search for the Self
3562:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.  3419:"Cave Art Cobblers? – Beachcombing's Bizarre History Blog" 2257:, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches. 2064:, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches. 1933:
illustrations, rather than a depiction of a single scene.
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Sullivan, C. W. (May 1987). "Review: "Sword at Sunset"".
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meaning "Horned One", as Murray offered in her 1931 book
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Sherry Salman considers the image of the Horned God in
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The 19th century image of a Sabbatic Goat, created by
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origin, and Gardner also used this name in his novel
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itself predates Wicca, and is an early 20th-century
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Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World
1709:relating to both the physical body and the psyche. 49: 28: 3183: 2849: 2466:published the first part of a serial story called 2048:, a horned god of the Celts, with the Greco-Roman 1982:. He further suggests that a lack of comfort with 1642:, the Horned God goes by several names, including 1547:suggests the term derived instead from the Arabic 3641:. Methuen & Company – via Google Books. 1405:Other important dates for the Horned God include 3655:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 3637:Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis (28 July 2018). 1297:The Horned God has been explored within several 3234: 3232: 2134: 1657:In the Hinduism, the Horned God is referred to 1415: 1370:carries the souls of the dead to the underworld 3310: 3308: 3306: 1419:and the Horned Lord of Death and Resurrection 4000: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 2096:had demonised these worshippers as following 1301:theories and has become a recurrent theme in 1166: 35:God of nature, wilderness, sexuality, hunting 8: 3881:The Search for a Woman-centered Spirituality 3140:"The Hindu- Pashupati and the Harappan seal" 2925: 2923: 1924:Murray also used an inaccurate drawing of a 1317:The "Cernunnos" type antlered figure on the 16:Deity in Wicca and some forms of Neopaganism 3947:Robin Hood : myth, history and culture 3437:Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath 2818: 2816: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2565:early modern inquisition against witchcraft 1189:is one of the two primary deities found in 4068: 4007: 3993: 3985: 3867:. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University. 3801:. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University. 3467: 3465: 3125:"Wicca- Wiccan Symbols the Ultimate Guide" 3092: 3090: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 1173: 1159: 60: 3767: 3765: 2364:novels, including the medieval-set novel 1509:, which is a Latin word, discovered on a 3838:Chibnall, Steve; Petley, Julian (2001). 3454:. Cornell University Press. p. 37. 2032:Witch-cult hypothesis § Post-Murray 1539:, which he believed was a corruption of 1409:when, according to Valiente, he leads a 3575: 3573: 3320:The Witch-cult in Western Europe (1921) 2686:Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1989). 2639: 2404:(1981), a male character, Tadhg, is an 2325:a horned satyr-like being with hooves. 1682:Bronze figurine of a "Horned God" from 1619:, the smith in Germanic mythology, and 1240:upon his head, often depicted as being 72: 3517:Clifton, Chas; Harvey, Graham (2004). 3472:Clifton, Chas; Harvey, Graham (2004). 2877:Farrer, Janet; Stewart Farrer (2002). 2856:. State University of New York Press. 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 1471:, though this has not been confirmed. 25: 3718:Berger, Helen; Ezzy, Douglas (2007). 1798:dates from perhaps 13,000 BCE. 1638:and loosely inspired by the works of 7: 4844:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches 2934:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2852:New Age Religion and Western Culture 1417:In the name of the Lady of the Moon, 995:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches 2688:The Witches' god: Lord of the Dance 1944:The popular image of the Greek god 1866:In 1931 Murray published a sequel, 4928:Left-hand path and right-hand path 3909:. New York: Brooklyn Company, Inc. 2648:Witchcraft Historiography (review) 2213:Gerald Gardner was initiated into 2116:card of the 16th and 17th century 1557:, a source that likely influenced 14: 3190:. Northwestern University Press. 2740:Clute, John; Grant, John (1997). 2198:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn 2107:Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie 1493:, a former High Priestess of the 1255:), he is generally regarded as a 4583:Spellwork / Incantation 4055: 3972: 3395:Witches, Druids, and King Arthur 3267:. Trustees of the British Museum 2957:A Popular Dictionary of Paganism 2261:Art, fantasy and science fiction 1836:The Witch-Cult in Western Europe 1717:and animus. One such example is 1497:, claimed that Gerald Gardner's 1368:writes that the Horned God also 378:Spellwork / Incantation 80: 41: 5005:Witchcraft Research Association 3213:Discover your sub-personalities 1800:Twenty-one red deer headdresses 1615:, a Welsh mythological figure, 1135:Witchcraft Research Association 654:Witchcraft Research Association 5068:New religious movement deities 5000:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic 4412:Holly King / Oak King 2848:Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (1997). 2209:Aleister Crowley § Occult 1802:, made from the skulls of the 1767:Theories of historical origins 1751:proposes the Horned God as a " 1535:referred to the Horned God as 1218:duotheistic theological system 1212:The Horned God represents the 1110:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic 455:Holly King / Oak King 1: 3884:. New York University Press. 3452:Witchcraft in the Middle Ages 3345:The God of the Witches (1931) 2797:Introduction to Pagan Studies 2460:In June 1986, the comic book 2196:, which came together in the 2019:as the god of the witches in 1630:In the neopagan tradition of 1588:, the god was referred to as 1517:, which she theorised was of 1511:stone carving found in France 4903:List of Wiccan organisations 3722:. Rutgers University Press. 3265:"British Museum headdresses" 3123:WiseWitch (5 August 2020) . 2628:Triple Goddess (Neopaganism) 2408:of a benevolent Horned God. 2036:In 1985 Classical historian 1573:as a subordinate consort to 4101:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca 3621:with the "goat at Mendes." 3138:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2022). 2795:Davy, Barbara Jane (2006). 2742:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 2737:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 1858:of the Indian sub-religion 1469:descent into the underworld 1261:Oak King and the Holly King 622:New Reformed Orthodox Order 500:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca 5099: 4132:Church and School of Wicca 4053: 3878:van Dyke, Annette (1992). 3186:Jungian Literary Criticism 3101:. Capall Bann Publishing. 2930:Magliocco, Sabina (2004). 2510:In the popular video game 2445:is taught and guided by a 2206: 2164: 2029: 1959: 1940:Influences from literature 1878:sources, ranging from the 1822:Following the writings of 1787:Sketch of Breuil's drawing 1775:A red deer headdress from 1745:Mythopoetic men's movement 1193:and some related forms of 639:SpiralScouts International 607:Church and School of Wicca 592:Aquarian Tabernacle Church 520:Church and School of Wicca 18: 4851:The Meaning of Witchcraft 3748:. John Wiley & Sons. 3521:. Routledge. p. 61. 3499:The Rebirth of Witchcraft 3497:Valiente, Doreen (2007). 3343:Murray, Margaret (1970). 3322:. Standard Publications. 3159:The Inner World of Trauma 3157:Kalsched, Donald (1996). 2982:The Rebirth of Witchcraft 2980:Valiente, Doreen (2007). 2902:Salomonsen, Jone (2001). 2823:Greenwood, Susan (2005). 2469:Sláine and the Horned God 2386:The Blood on Satan's Claw 2084:Eliphas Levi's image of " 2068:Influences from occultism 1882:French cave painting of " 1814:worship of a Horned God. 1434:The Meaning of Witchcraft 1364:, virility and the hunt. 1253:British Traditional Wicca 1002:The Meaning of Witchcraft 40: 33: 4450:Wiccan views of divinity 4187:Universal Eclectic Wicca 3617:specifically associates 3005:Farrar, Stewart (2010). 2955:Pearson, Joanne (2002). 2767:"Some basic definitions" 2603:Horned deity (mythology) 2457:idea of the Horned God. 2428:as the "spring maiden". 2161:Gerald Gardner and Wicca 2007:(Cathedral of St. Paul, 1607:, who, according to the 769:Wiccan views of divinity 644:Universal Eclectic Wicca 570:Universal Eclectic Wicca 4933:Cunning folk in Britain 3945:Rennison, Nick (2012). 3772:Gibson, Marion (2013). 3652:Hutton, Ronald (1991). 3450:Russell, J. B. (1972). 3397:. Hambledon Continuum. 3393:Hutton, Ronald (2006). 3368:Purkiss, Diane (2006). 3287:Woman, Church and State 3241:Healing the Male Psyche 3079:Seims, Melissa (2007). 3037:Hutton, Ronald (1995). 2711:d'Este, Sorita (2008). 2690:. London: Robert Hale. 2550:take part in a violent 2289:The Wind in the Willows 2180:The "father of Wicca", 1623:, a horned figure from 1599:, which was founded by 1531:, a High Priest of the 1501:referred to the god as 1063:Cunning folk in Britain 649:Wiccan Church of Canada 617:Covenant of the Goddess 4717:Magical tools in Wicca 4289:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti 3922:500 Comicbook Villains 3814:Embracing the Darkness 3776:. Taylor and Francis. 3744:Halberstam, J (1996). 3658:. Blackwell. pp.  3285:Gage, Matilda (2008). 3182:Sugg, Richard (1994). 2335:Quatermass and the Pit 2283: 2278:(1789), which depicts 2143: 2081: 2012: 1890:to the modern English 1868:The God of the Witches 1863: 1788: 1780: 1739:Following the work of 1687: 1640:Charles Godfrey Leland 1555:The God of the Witches 1487: 1421: 1321: 1251:In traditional Wicca ( 859:Magical tools in Wicca 233:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti 5053:Modern pagan theology 4923:Witch-cult hypothesis 4879:Charge of the Goddess 4620:Solitary practitioner 4538:Drawing down the Moon 4319:Cerridwen Fallingstar 4040:Wicca and LGBT people 3924:. Collins and Brown. 3920:Conroy, Mike (2004). 3840:British Horror Cinema 3812:Callow, John (2017). 3097:Howard, Mike (2001). 3041:. Oxford Paperbacks. 2536:The historical novel 2529:The historical novel 2412:Marion Zimmer Bradley 2402:Mildred Downey Broxon 2396:In the fantasy novel 2268: 2167:Wicca § Theology 2126:copulated with a goat 2075: 1992: 1853: 1786: 1774: 1757:humanistic psychology 1735:Humanistic psychology 1681: 1569:deity conflated with 1533:Alexandrian tradition 1482: 1316: 1228:of the Moon or other 1030:Charge of the Goddess 634:The Rowan Tree Church 415:Solitary practitioner 333:Drawing down the Moon 263:Cerridwen Fallingstar 133:Witch-cult hypothesis 5058:Mythological hybrids 4096:Central Valley Wicca 3981:at Wikimedia Commons 3370:The Witch in History 3239:Rowan, John (1996). 3211:Rowan, John (1993). 2715:. London: Avalonia. 2449:-like figure called 2398:Too Long A Sacrifice 2347:The Golden Strangers 2237:Romano-Celtic fusion 2200:, where Gardner met 1495:Gardnerian tradition 584:Wiccan organisations 495:Central Valley Wicca 4944:Malleus Maleficarum 4938:European witchcraft 4918:Neopagan witchcraft 4073:British Traditional 4016:Neopagan witchcraft 3949:. Oldcastle Books. 3624:De Iside et Osiride 3600:ii. 42, 46 and 166. 3519:The Paganism Reader 3501:. Robert Hale Ltd. 3474:The Paganism reader 3289:. Forgotten Books. 3081:"The Coven of Atho" 3009:. Robert Hale Ltd. 2984:. Robert Hale Ltd. 2881:. Robert Hale Ltd. 2827:. Berg Publishers. 2825:The nature of magic 2476:and illustrated by 2362:Rosemary Sutcliff's 1833:, in her 1921 book 1827:Matilda Joslyn Gage 1792:Many horned deities 1580:In the writings of 1319:Gundestrup Cauldron 1104:Malleus Maleficarum 1073:European witchcraft 602:Children of Artemis 4959:Magical alphabets 4908:Bricket Wood coven 4886:Enchanted Feminism 4279:Zsuzsanna Budapest 4035:Etymology of Wicca 3865:Fantasy Newsletter 3799:Fantasy Newsletter 3063:Culture and Cosmos 2904:Enchanted Feminism 2879:The Witches' bible 2799:. AltaMira Press. 2777:on 6 January 2007. 2646:Michael D. Bailey 2435:television series 2284: 2130:E. A. Wallis Budge 2118:Tarot of Marseille 2082: 2013: 1864: 1789: 1781: 1688: 1499:Bricket Wood coven 1488: 1322: 1216:of the religion's 1037:Enchanted Feminism 624:of the Golden Dawn 223:Zsuzsanna Budapest 116:Bricket Wood coven 111:Etymology of Wicca 5020: 5019: 4641:Wheel of the Year 4294:Patricia Crowther 4195: 4194: 4081:Alexandrian Wicca 4046:Dettmer v. Landon 3977:Media related to 3956:978-1-842-43247-1 3823:978-1-786-73261-3 3783:978-1-135-08254-3 3729:978-0-8135-4021-4 3508:978-0-7090-8369-6 3296:978-1-60620-191-6 3016:978-0-7090-9014-4 2991:978-0-7090-8369-6 2765:Starhawk (2006). 2722:978-1-905297-17-7 2438:Robin of Sherwood 2433:Richard Carpenter 2270:Francisco de Goya 1966:The reception of 1928:rock-painting at 1905:In dealing with " 1728:Wuthering Heights 1392:Wheel of the Year 1183: 1182: 674:Wheel of the Year 480:Alexandrian Wicca 326:Rites and rituals 238:Patricia Crowther 127:Dettmer v. Landon 59: 58: 5090: 4990:Witches' Sabbath 4913:New Forest coven 4872:Witchcraft Today 4858:The Spiral Dance 4405:Spirit of nature 4364:Silver RavenWolf 4309:Scott Cunningham 4299:Vivianne Crowley 4269:Raymond Buckland 4137:Cochrane's Craft 4106:Gardnerian Wicca 4069: 4059: 4030:History of Wicca 4009: 4002: 3995: 3986: 3976: 3961: 3960: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3769: 3760: 3759: 3746:Posthuman Bodies 3740: 3734: 3733: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3634: 3628: 3607: 3601: 3594: 3588: 3587:, Vol. 109, 1998 3579:Juliette Wood, " 3577: 3568: 3567: 3561: 3548: 3535: 3532: 3512: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3316:Murray, Margaret 3312: 3301: 3300: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3236: 3227: 3226: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3189: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3120: 3114: 3112: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3083:. Thewica.co.uk. 3076: 3070: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3034: 3021: 3020: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2932:Witching Culture 2927: 2918: 2917: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2855: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2792: 2779: 2778: 2773:. Archived from 2762: 2756: 2755: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2683: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2657: 2651: 2644: 2598:Herne the Hunter 2516:, its expansion 2496:Lords and Ladies 2451:Herne the Hunter 2355:human sacrifices 2310:Arthur C. Clarke 2202:Aleister Crowley 1674:Jungian analysis 1625:English folklore 1597:Cochrane's Craft 1543:. The historian 1523:High Magic's Aid 1431:says (in 1959's 1425:Sabina Magliocco 1345:religion of the 1175: 1168: 1161: 1140:Witches' Sabbath 1023:Witchcraft Today 1009:The Spiral Dance 612:Circle Sanctuary 525:Cochrane's Craft 505:Gardnerian Wicca 303:Silver RavenWolf 253:Scott Cunningham 243:Vivianne Crowley 213:Raymond Buckland 121:New Forest coven 106:History of Wicca 99:History of Wicca 90: 84: 61: 45: 26: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5016: 4995:Flying ointment 4891: 4865:What Witches Do 4831: 4752:Book of Shadows 4705: 4629: 4608:Rite of passage 4573:Herbal medicine 4530: 4524: 4435:Wiccan morality 4427: 4421: 4378: 4359:Rosaleen Norton 4354:Frederic Lamond 4349:Philip Heselton 4304:Robert Cochrane 4284:Charles Cardell 4274:Eddie Buczynski 4244:Victor Anderson 4214:Doreen Valiente 4201: 4191: 4110: 4091:Blue Star Wicca 4060: 4051: 4018: 4013: 3969: 3964: 3957: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3932: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3892: 3877: 3876: 3872: 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586: 575: 574: 490:Blue Star Wicca 475: 474: 465: 464: 435: 434: 425: 424: 403:Rite of passage 368:Herbal medicine 328: 327: 318: 317: 298:Frederic Lamond 293:Philip Heselton 248:Robert Cochrane 228:Charles Cardell 218:Eddie Buczynski 188:Victor Anderson 158:Doreen Valiente 148: 147: 146:Notable figures 138: 137: 101: 100: 91: 86: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5096: 5094: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5038:Fantasy tropes 5035: 5025: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4882: 4875: 4868: 4861: 4854: 4847: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4827:Witch's ladder 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4772:Chalice/Goblet 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 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4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4077: 4075: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4049: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4012: 4011: 4004: 3997: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3968: 3967:External links 3965: 3963: 3962: 3955: 3937: 3930: 3912: 3897: 3890: 3870: 3855: 3848: 3829: 3822: 3816:. Bloomsbury. 3804: 3789: 3782: 3761: 3754: 3735: 3728: 3710: 3695: 3675: 3668: 3644: 3629: 3602: 3589: 3569: 3536: 3534: 3533: 3527: 3507: 3489: 3482: 3461: 3442: 3424: 3421:. 6 July 2011. 3410: 3403: 3385: 3378: 3360: 3353: 3335: 3328: 3302: 3295: 3277: 3256: 3249: 3228: 3221: 3203: 3196: 3174: 3167: 3149: 3130: 3115: 3107: 3086: 3071: 3054: 3047: 3022: 3015: 2997: 2990: 2972: 2965: 2947: 2940: 2919: 2912: 2894: 2887: 2869: 2862: 2840: 2833: 2812: 2805: 2780: 2757: 2750: 2728: 2721: 2713:Horns of Power 2703: 2696: 2673: 2652: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2557:The 2015 film 2531:The White Mare 2416:Arthurian myth 2275:Witches Sabbat 2262: 2259: 2238: 2235: 2207:Main article: 2182:Gerald Gardner 2165:Main article: 2162: 2159: 2069: 2066: 2030:Main article: 1976:Raven Grimassi 1960:Main article: 1941: 1938: 1900:Jules Michelet 1819: 1816: 1768: 1765: 1736: 1733: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1663:Pashupati seal 1636:Raven Grimassi 1586:Raymond Howard 1529:Stewart Farrar 1476: 1473: 1429:Gerald Gardner 1396:autumn equinox 1362:the wilderness 1351:Jules Michelet 1331:Gerald Gardner 1310: 1307: 1242:theriocephalic 1230:Mother goddess 1226:Triple goddess 1224:of the female 1207:horned deities 1181: 1180: 1178: 1177: 1170: 1163: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1100: 1098:LGBT and Wicca 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1019: 1012: 1005: 998: 990: 986: 985: 984: 981: 980: 977: 976: 974:Witch's ladder 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 914:Chalice/Goblet 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 855: 851: 850: 849: 846: 845: 842: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 804:The Summerland 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 750: 746: 745: 744: 741: 740: 737: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 670: 666: 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4: 3: 2: 5095: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5073:Pseudohistory 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5012: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4980:Witching hour 4978: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710:Paraphernalia 4708: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4568:Cone of power 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4558:Fivefold kiss 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4490:Reincarnation 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4445:Rule of Three 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4374:Joseph Wilson 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4264:Jack Bracelin 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4198: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4142:Coven of Atho 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4010: 4005: 4003: 3998: 3996: 3991: 3990: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3958: 3952: 3948: 3941: 3938: 3933: 3931:1-843-40205-X 3927: 3923: 3916: 3913: 3908: 3901: 3898: 3893: 3891:0-8147-8770-3 3887: 3883: 3882: 3874: 3871: 3866: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3849:0-415-23004-7 3845: 3842:. Routledge. 3841: 3833: 3830: 3825: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3793: 3790: 3785: 3779: 3775: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3755:0-253-20970-6 3751: 3747: 3739: 3736: 3731: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3696:0-7486-1057-X 3692: 3688: 3687: 3679: 3676: 3671: 3669:0-631-17288-2 3665: 3661: 3657: 3656: 3648: 3645: 3640: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3528:0-415-30353-2 3524: 3520: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3490: 3485: 3483:0-415-30353-2 3479: 3476:. Routledge. 3475: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3446: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3420: 3414: 3411: 3406: 3404:1-85285-555-X 3400: 3396: 3389: 3386: 3381: 3379:0-415-08762-7 3375: 3372:. Routledge. 3371: 3364: 3361: 3356: 3354:0-19-501270-4 3350: 3346: 3339: 3336: 3331: 3329:1-59462-126-8 3325: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3292: 3288: 3281: 3278: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3252: 3250:0-415-10049-6 3246: 3243:. Routledge. 3242: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3222:0-415-07366-9 3218: 3215:. Routledge. 3214: 3207: 3204: 3199: 3197:0-8101-1042-3 3193: 3188: 3187: 3178: 3175: 3170: 3168:0-415-12329-1 3164: 3161:. Routledge. 3160: 3153: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3131: 3126: 3119: 3116: 3110: 3108:1-86163-155-3 3104: 3100: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3050: 3048:0-19-285449-6 3044: 3040: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3012: 3008: 3001: 2998: 2993: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2973: 2968: 2966:0-7007-1591-6 2962: 2959:. Routledge. 2958: 2951: 2948: 2943: 2941:0-8122-3803-6 2937: 2933: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2913:0-415-22393-8 2909: 2906:. Routledge. 2905: 2898: 2895: 2890: 2888:0-7090-7227-9 2884: 2880: 2873: 2870: 2865: 2863:0-7914-3854-6 2859: 2854: 2853: 2844: 2841: 2836: 2834:1-84520-095-0 2830: 2826: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2806:0-7591-0819-6 2802: 2798: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2761: 2758: 2753: 2751:1-85723-368-9 2747: 2743: 2738: 2732: 2729: 2724: 2718: 2714: 2707: 2704: 2699: 2697:0-7090-3319-2 2693: 2689: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2663:. Druidry.org 2662: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2608:Horned helmet 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2491: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2472:, written by 2471: 2470: 2465: 2464: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2381: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2302:In the novel 2300: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2219:Ronald Hutton 2216: 2210: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2168: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2142: 2140: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2010: 2006: 2002: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1785: 1778: 1773: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1685: 1680: 1673: 1669:In psychology 1668: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1634:, founded by 1633: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1545:Ronald Hutton 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1486: 1481: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1423:According to 1420: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1320: 1315: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1299:psychological 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1146: 1145:Witching hour 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1047: 1046: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1010: 1006: 1004: 1003: 999: 997: 996: 992: 991: 983: 982: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 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477: 469: 468: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 437: 429: 428: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 410: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 363:Cone of power 361: 359: 356: 354: 353:Fivefold kiss 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 330: 322: 321: 314: 313:Joseph Wilson 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 208:Jack Bracelin 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 150: 142: 141: 134: 131: 129: 128: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 103: 95: 94: 89: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 67: 63: 62: 55: 52: 48: 44: 39: 32: 27: 22: 5048:Hunting gods 5011:Fluffy Bunny 4955:Cunning folk 4950:Granny woman 4942: 4884: 4877: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4849: 4842: 4625:Spiral dance 4612: 4563:Magic circle 4394: 4344:Yvonne Frost 4324:Janet Farrar 4239:Margot Adler 4219:Alex Sanders 4147:Dianic Wicca 4127:Celtic Wicca 4086:Algard Wicca 4044: 3946: 3940: 3921: 3915: 3906: 3900: 3880: 3873: 3864: 3858: 3839: 3832: 3813: 3807: 3798: 3792: 3773: 3745: 3738: 3719: 3713: 3685: 3678: 3654: 3647: 3632: 3623: 3610: 3605: 3597: 3592: 3584: 3557: 3518: 3498: 3492: 3473: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3436: 3427: 3413: 3394: 3388: 3369: 3363: 3344: 3338: 3319: 3286: 3280: 3269:. Retrieved 3259: 3240: 3212: 3206: 3185: 3177: 3158: 3152: 3143: 3133: 3118: 3113:Chapter One. 3098: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3038: 3006: 3000: 2981: 2975: 2956: 2950: 2931: 2903: 2897: 2878: 2872: 2851: 2843: 2824: 2796: 2775:the original 2770: 2769:. On-faith. 2760: 2741: 2736: 2735:Clute, John 2731: 2712: 2706: 2687: 2665:. Retrieved 2655: 2647: 2642: 2558: 2556: 2544:Angus Donald 2537: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2517: 2511: 2509: 2494: 2488: 2486: 2478:Simon Bisley 2467: 2463:2000 AD 2462: 2459: 2436: 2430: 2419: 2410: 2397: 2395: 2384: 2382: 2375: 2367:Knight's Fee 2365: 2359: 2351:Henry Treece 2346: 2344: 2333: 2330:Nigel Kneale 2327: 2319: 2313: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2287: 2285: 2273: 2240: 2231:Gnostic Mass 2227:Leo Ruickbie 2212: 2179: 2176: 2170: 2154: 2144: 2135: 2111: 2105: 2094:Christianity 2083: 2078:Eliphas LĂ©vi 2041: 2035: 2020: 2014: 1996: 1983: 1979: 1972:Leo Martello 1967: 1965: 1943: 1935: 1923: 1919: 1915:Jean Clottes 1911:Henri Breuil 1907:The Sorcerer 1904: 1896:James Frazer 1892:Dorset Ooser 1884:The Sorcerer 1867: 1865: 1834: 1829:and others, 1821: 1790: 1738: 1726: 1723:Emily BrontĂ« 1711: 1696: 1689: 1656: 1650:, Cern, and 1629: 1594: 1589: 1579: 1559:Alex Sanders 1554: 1550:Dhul-Qarnayn 1548: 1540: 1536: 1527: 1522: 1514: 1506: 1489: 1461:Mesopotamian 1450: 1439: 1432: 1422: 1416: 1404: 1374: 1359: 1323: 1305:literature. 1296: 1250: 1211: 1198: 1197:. The term 1186: 1184: 1102: 1093:Granny woman 1078:Fluffy Bunny 1058:Cunning folk 1035: 1028: 1021: 1014: 1007: 1000: 993: 747:Key concepts 535:Dianic Wicca 515:Celtic Wicca 485:Algard Wicca 444: 420:Spiral dance 407: 358:Magic circle 288:Yvonne Frost 268:Janet Farrar 183:Margot Adler 163:Alex Sanders 125: 21:Horned deity 5063:Nature gods 5043:Horned gods 4548:Handfasting 4475:White magic 4440:Wiccan Rede 4339:Gavin Frost 4259:Lois Bourne 4152:Faery Wicca 3609:Herodotus, 3596:Herodotus, 3552:Luck, Georg 3347:. OUA USA. 3069:(1): 45–70. 2505:the witches 2360:In some of 2186:Freemasonry 2147:Banebdjedet 1880:paleolithic 1854:Horned God 1845:inquisition 1761:paraphillia 1195:Neopaganism 794:White magic 759:Wiccan Rede 540:Faery Wicca 343:Handfasting 283:Gavin Frost 203:Lois Bourne 5078:Solar gods 5033:Death gods 5027:Categories 4985:Witch-hunt 4836:Literature 4817:Tarot deck 4676:Lughnasadh 4603:Initiation 4598:Invocation 4593:Divination 4543:Great rite 4531:and ritual 4510:Watchtower 4480:Otherworld 4470:Witchcraft 4460:Craft name 4395:Horned God 4254:Gavin Bone 4229:Sybil Leek 4182:Stregheria 4172:Reclaiming 4065:Traditions 3979:Horned God 3513:Quoted in 3271:2018-01-17 2667:2014-02-25 2635:References 2548:Robin Hood 2542:(2009) by 2524:werewolves 2443:Robin Hood 2321:The Dæmons 2315:Doctor Who 2308:(1953) by 2286:In 1908's 2215:the O.T.O. 2038:Georg Luck 2011:, Belgium) 1926:mesolithic 1856:Naigamesha 1824:suffragist 1749:John Rowan 1741:Robert Bly 1719:Heathcliff 1632:Stregheria 1605:Tubal-cain 1457:Summerland 1453:Underworld 1347:Witch-Cult 1290:, and the 1199:Horned God 1187:Horned God 1130:Witch-hunt 987:Literature 959:Tarot deck 829:Watchtower 799:Otherworld 789:Witchcraft 779:Craft name 709:Lughnasadh 565:Stregheria 555:Reclaiming 473:Traditions 445:Horned God 398:Initiation 393:Invocation 388:Divination 338:Great rite 198:Gavin Bone 173:Sybil Leek 29:Horned God 4787:Parchment 4701:Wild Hunt 4671:Midsummer 4588:Banishing 4553:Wiccaning 4400:Green Man 4177:Seax-Wica 3626:, lxxiii. 3611:Histories 3598:Histories 3457:strength. 3144:The Hindu 2771:News-Week 2744:. 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Index

Horned deity

Triple Goddess
a series
Wicca
Pentagram_(endless_knot)
Pentacle
History of Wicca
Etymology of Wicca
Bricket Wood coven
New Forest coven
Dettmer v. Landon
Witch-cult hypothesis
Gerald Gardner
Doreen Valiente
Alex Sanders
Maxine Sanders
Sybil Leek
Dafo
Margot Adler
Victor Anderson
Artemis
Gavin Bone
Lois Bourne
Jack Bracelin
Raymond Buckland
Eddie Buczynski
Zsuzsanna Budapest
Charles Cardell
Ipsita Roy Chakraverti

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