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186:, so that the temperature of the air compressed in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke was not high enough to initiate combustion. Combustion instead took place in a separated combustion chamber, the "vapouriser" (also called the "hot bulb") mounted on the cylinder head, into which fuel was sprayed. It was connected to the cylinder by a narrow passage and was heated either by the cylinder's coolant or by exhaust gases while running; an external flame such as a blowtorch was used for starting. Self-ignition occurred from contact between the fuel-air mixture and the hot walls of the vapouriser.
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92:, were quite prevalent, as they were used for lighting, but posed specific problems when used in internal combustion engines: Oil used for engine fuel must be turned to a vapour state and remain in that state during compression. Furthermore, the combustion of the fuel must be powerful, regular, and complete, to avoid deposits that will clog the valves and working parts of the engine.
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support combustion. On the compression stroke (2) of the piston, the fresh air is forced through the narrow neck and into the vapouriser. Just as compression is completed, the mixture is just right to support combustion and ignition occurs to push the piston during expansion stroke (3). Exhaust gas is released then during stroke (4).
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design. During the intake stroke (1), fresh air is inducted into the cylinder through a mechanically operated intake valve. Simultaneously, oil is injected into the vapouriser. The vapour of the oil is almost entirely confined to the vapouriser chamber. This cloud of hot oil vapour is too rich to
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By contracting the bulb to a very narrow neck where it attached to the cylinder, a high degree of turbulence was set up as the ignited gases flashed through the neck into the cylinder, where combustion was completed. As the engine's load increased, so did the temperature of the bulb,
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to make the engine run on compression alone pre-dating
Rudolph Diesel's engine. This Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine design was hugely successful: during the period from 1891 through 1905, a total of 32,417 engines were produced. They would provide electricity for
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Early internal combustion engines were quite successful running on gaseous and light petroleum fuels. However, due to the dangerous nature of petroleum and light petroleum fuel, legal restrictions were placed on their transportation and storage. Heavier petroleum fuels, such as
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will have a much harder achieved compression ratio ranging between 15:1 and 20:1, making it a lot more efficient. Also the fuel is injected easily during the early intake stroke and not at the peak of compression with a high-pressure
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under licence and were first sold commercially on 8 July 1892. Other engineering companies had been offered the option of manufacturing the engine, but they saw it as a threat to their business, and so declined the offer.
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to provide nearly twice the power, as compared to a four-stroke engine of same size. Similar engines, for agricultural and marine use, were built by J. V. Svensons
Automobilfabrik,
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was by Robert Street, in his
English patent no. 1983 of 1794, and according to Horst O. Hardenberg there is evidence that he built a working version. Other oil engines were subsequently built by
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Engine operated by the explosion of mixtures of gas or hydrocarbon vapor and air, dated August 8, 1893. line 45.
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causing the ignition period to advance; to counteract pre-ignition, water was dripped into the air intake.
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system and also the first using a separate vapourising combustion chamber. It is the forerunner of all
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as a fuel. It was the first to use a separate vapourising combustion chamber and is the forerunner of all
417:"Middle Ages of the Internal-combustion Engine 1794-1886 : Horst O. Hardenberg : 9780768003918"
271:'s design, where ignition occurs alone through the heat of compression: An oil engine will have a decent
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172:"Improvements in Engines Operated by the Explosion of Mixtures of Combustible Vapour or Gas and Air"
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However, the
Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine and other hot-bulb engines are distinctly different from
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Stuart's oil engine design was simple, reliable and economical. It had a comparatively low
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In 1892, T. H. Barton at
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Akroyd-Stuart's engine was the first internal combustion engine to use a pressurised
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Some years later, Akroyd-Stuart's design was further developed in the
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and Emile
Capitaine are some of the more notable. However, it was
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28:
497:. Ray Hooley's - Ruston-Hornsby - Engine Pages. Archived from
393:"The Hydrogen Engine|The Early History of Combustion Engines"
260:, which are considered kind of predecessors of the similar
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by the German emigrants Mietz and Weiss, who combined the
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built a working moss and coal powder powered engine. the
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Akroyd-Stuart's engines were built from 26 June 1891 by
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Early internal combustion engine design using heavy oil.
342:(chosen after Hornsby won the oil engine prize at the
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80:, which are considered predecessors of the similar
603:"History Of Diesel Engines - From Past to Present"
471:"'Oil Engines' Excerpted from Gas and Oil Engines"
33:1893 Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine at the museum of
275:between 3:1 and 5:1, where a typical
522:An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology
8:
48:14 hp Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine at the
127:Others made refinements to the oil engine;
569:. Courier Dover Publications. p. 27.
554:. Cambridge University Press. p. 664.
238:and many other factories in Sweden.
552:The Theory & Practice of Heat Engines
373:History of the internal combustion engine
243:History of the internal combustion engine
170:, England. The patent was entitled:
25:History of the internal combustion engine
135:'s design that was the most successful.
68:, was the first successful design of an
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147:Diagram of early vaporizing oil engine
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643:Running Hornsby-Akroyd-Motor (1905)
445:webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk
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525:. Taylor & Francis. pp.
565:Ransome-Wallis, Patrick (2001).
317:Adaption to compression ignition
310:Hornsby Akroyd Patent Oil Engine
158:, he filed Patent 7146 for
264:, developed a few years later.
248:Comparison to the Diesel engine
234:, Lysekils Mekaniska Verkstad,
84:, developed a few years later.
441:"Priestman oil engine, 1895.;"
178:Vapourising combustion chamber
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139:Herbert Akroyd Stuarts engine
116:in the 19th century. In 1807
112:, Julius Hock of Vienna and
296:First production oil engine
207:Two-stroke hot-bulb engines
100:The earliest mention of an
60:, named after its inventor
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631:Richard Hornsby oil engine
302:Richard Hornsby & Sons
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160:Richard Hornsby & Sons
70:internal combustion engine
66:Richard Hornsby & Sons
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607:Diesel Engine Spare Parts
236:Pythagoras Engine Factory
58:Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine
350:, and for powering
226:principle, developed by
198:The Stuart engine is of
673:Ruston (engine builder)
647:Great Dorset Steam Fair
550:Wrangham, D.A. (1956).
495:"The Akroyd Oil Engine"
50:Great Dorset Steam Fair
421:www.bookdepository.com
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291:Vapourising oil engine
194:Four-stroke oil engine
156:Charles Richard Binney
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129:William Dent Priestman
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282:Diesel injection pump
152:Herbert Akroyd Stuart
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133:Herbert Akroyd Stuart
64:and the manufacturer
62:Herbert Akroyd Stuart
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519:McNeil, Ian (1990).
346:of 1893), many
344:Chicago World's Fair
668:Stationary engines
663:English inventions
397:www3.eng.cam.ac.uk
325:and increased the
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358:radio broadcast.
352:Guglielmo Marconi
340:Statue of Liberty
336:Rock of Gibraltar
327:compression ratio
273:compression ratio
184:compression ratio
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611:. Retrieved
609:. 2016-12-28
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168:Lincolnshire
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122:Pyreolophore
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35:Lincolnshire
637:Video Clips
348:lighthouses
338:, the
334:, the
657:Categories
613:2019-08-01
505:2007-07-29
480:2019-08-01
475:Gas Engine
469:Clerk, D.
455:2019-08-01
426:2019-08-01
402:2019-08-01
241:See also:
228:Joseph Day
224:scavenging
221:two-stroke
200:four cycle
102:oil engine
19:See also:
354:'s first
332:Taj Mahal
232:Bolinders
219:with the
74:heavy oil
362:See also
306:Grantham
164:Grantham
90:kerosene
649:, 2005)
527:310–311
52:in 2008
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72:using
37:life,
379:Notes
571:ISBN
531:ISBN
56:The
23:and
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