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Connect Four

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346:, the first player can force a win, on or before the 41st move by starting in the middle column. The game is a theoretical draw when the first player starts in the columns adjacent to the center. For the edges of the game board, column 1 and 2 on left (or column 7 and 6 on right), the exact move-value score for first player start is loss on the 40th move, and loss on the 42nd move, respectively. In other words, by starting with the four outer columns, the first player allows the second player to force a win. 2112: 3280: 3523: 2193: 40: 445: 211:) is a game in which the players choose a color and then take turns dropping colored tokens into a six-row, seven-column vertically suspended grid. The pieces fall straight down, occupying the lowest available space within the column. The objective of the game is to be the first to form a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line of four of one's own tokens. It is therefore a type of 381: 49: 431:
anvil piece at the bottom row of the game board. Other marked game pieces include one with a wall icon, allowing a player to play a second consecutive non-winning turn with an unmarked piece; a "×2" icon, allowing for an unrestricted second turn with an unmarked piece; and a bomb icon, allowing a player to immediately pop out an opponent's piece.
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one's own color from the bottom. Popping a disc out from the bottom drops every disc above it down one space, changing their relationship with the rest of the board and changing the possibilities for a connection. The first player to connect four of their discs horizontally, vertically, or diagonally wins the game.
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under license from Hasbro. There are standard and deluxe versions of the game. Two players move and drop the checkers using buttons. If only one player is playing, the player plays against the computer. Both the player that wins and the player that loses get tickets. The player that wins gets to play
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starts the same as traditional gameplay, with an empty board and players alternating turns placing their own colored discs into the board. During each turn, a player can either add another disc from the top, or if one has any discs of their own color on the bottom row, remove (or "pop out") a disc of
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In this variation of Connect Four, players begin a game with one or more specially-marked "Power Checkers" game pieces, which each player may choose to play once per game. When playing a piece marked with an anvil icon, for example, the player may immediately pop out all pieces below it, leaving the
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In 2018, Bay Tek Games released their second Connect Four arcade game, Connect 4 Hoops. Players throw basketballs into basketball hoops, and they show up as checkers on the video screen. The game can be played by two players, or by one player against the computer. Both the player that wins and the
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A gameplay example (right), shows the first player starting Connect Four by dropping one of their yellow discs into the center column of an empty game board. The two players then alternate turns dropping one of their discs at a time into an unfilled column, until the second player, with red discs,
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In 2015, Winning Moves published Connect Four Twist & Turn. This game variant features a game tower instead of the flat game grid. The tower has five rings that twist independently. Gameplay is similar to standard Connect Four where players try to get four in a row of their own colored discs.
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variation for Connect Four is a game played on a 6 high, 9 wide grid. Two additional board columns, already filled with player pieces in an alternating pattern, are added to the left and right sides of the standard 6-by-7 game board. The game plays similarly to the original Connect Four, except
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Gameplay works by players taking turns removing a disc of one's own color through the bottom of the board. If the disc that was removed was part of a four-disc connection at the time of its removal, the player sets it aside out of play and immediately takes another turn. If it was not part of a
409:"connect four", then it must be placed back on the board through a slot at the top into any open space in an alternate column (whenever possible) and the turn ends, switching to the other player. The first player to set aside ten discs of their color wins the game. 404:
is set up differently from the traditional game. Taking turns, each player places one of their own color discs into the slots filling up only the bottom row, then moving on to the next row until it is filled, and so forth until all rows have been filled.
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There are many variations of Connect Four with differing game board sizes, game pieces, and gameplay rules. Many variations are popular with game theory and artificial intelligence research, rather than with physical game boards and gameplay by persons.
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In 2007, Milton Bradley published Connect Four Stackers. Instead of the usual grid, the game features a board to place colored discs on. Just like standard Connect Four, the object of the game is to try get four in a row of a specific color of discs.
304:(October 16, 1988). Allis describes a knowledge-based approach, with nine strategies, as a solution for Connect Four. Allen also describes winning strategies in his analysis of the game. At the time of the initial solutions for Connect Four, 289: 541:
Hasbro also produces various sizes of Giant Connect Four, suitable for outdoor use. The largest is built from weather-resistant wood, and measures 120 cm in both width and height. Connect Four was released for the
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One measure of complexity of the Connect Four game is the number of possible games board positions. For classic Connect Four played on a 7-column-wide, 6-row-high grid, there are 4,531,985,219,092 (about
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players must now get five pieces in a row to win. This is still a 42-ply game since the two new columns added to the game represent twelve game pieces already played, before the start of a game.
568:. This game features a two-layer vertical grid with colored discs for four players, plus blocking discs. The object of the game is also to get four in a row for a specific color of discs. 365:, this feature allows for variations of the game. Some earlier game versions also included specially-marked discs, and cardboard column extenders, for additional variations to the game. 358:
The most commonly-used Connect Four board size is 7 columns × 6 rows. Size variations include 5×4, 6×5, 8×7, 9×7, 10×7, 8×8, Infinite Connect-Four, and Cylinder-Infinite Connect-Four.
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Object: Connect four of your discs in a row while preventing your opponent from doing the same. But, look out – your opponent can sneak up on you and win the game!
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In 2018, Hasbro released Connect 4 Shots. This version requires the players to bounce coloured balls into the grid until one player achieves four in a row.
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However, with Twist & Turn, players have the choice to twist a ring after they have played a piece. It adds a subtle layer of strategy to the gameplay.
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With the proliferation of mobile devices, Connect Four has regained popularity as a game that can be played quickly and against another person over an
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Several versions of Hasbro's Connect Four physical gameboard make it easy to remove game pieces from the bottom one at a time. Along with traditional
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achieves a diagonal four in a row, and wins the game. If the board fills up before either player achieves four in a row, then the game is a draw.
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Yamaguchi, Y.; K. Yamaguchi; T. Tanaka (2013). "Cylinder-Infinite-Connect-Four except for Widths 2, 6, and 11 is Solved: Drawn".
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Current Assignee: NED STRONGIN CREATIVE SERVICES 1140 BROADWAY NEW YORK NY 10001 A NY PARTNERSHIP NED STRONGIN CREATIVE SERVICES
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for both sides, meaning that nothing is hidden from anyone. Connect Four also belongs to the classification of an adversarial,
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a bonus round where a checker is moving and the player needs to press the button at the right time to get the ticket jackpot.
2352: 2147: 1350: 466: 509: 632: 626: 462: 1260: 481: 1651: 1397: 315:'s work in compiling an 8-ply database. The artificial intelligence algorithms able to strongly solve Connect Four are 2388: 1581: 3182: 1798: 488: 3476: 2579: 2302: 2052: 1721: 1049: 3585: 1960: 1865: 1763: 814: 1279: 3426: 2679: 2672: 2624: 2080: 1897: 1749: 1735: 1539: 1448: 374: 2798: 1911: 495: 3379: 3189: 2980: 2931: 2805: 1679: 1637: 1546: 1390: 455: 3352: 3018: 2826: 2791: 2073: 1837: 1700: 1532: 1518: 1511: 1413: 640: 238: 92: 477: 3595: 1298: 572: 3156: 308:
was not deemed feasible given the game's complexity and the computer technology available at the time.
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Yamaguchi, Y.; K. Yamaguchi; T. Tanaka; T. Kaneko (2012). "Infinite Connect-Four is solved: Draw".
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video game console in 1979, developed by Robert Hoffberg. It was also released for the
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Milton Bradley, Connect Four "Pretty Sneaky, Sis" television commercial, 1977
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Connect Four has since been solved with brute-force methods, beginning with
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In 2008, another board variation Hasbro published as a physical game is
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trillion) positions for all game boards populated with 0 to 42 pieces.
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The 8th International Conference on Computers and Games (CG2013)
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The game was created by Howard Wexler, and first sold under the
2224: 1386: 723: 606: 438: 230:. The first player can always win by playing the right moves. 226:(7, 6, 4) with restricted piece placement. Connect Four is a 277:, since a player's advantage is an opponent's disadvantage. 996:"Number of legal 7 X 6 Connect-Four positions after n plies 995: 962:"Connect Four - "Pretty Sneaky, Sis..." (Commercial, 1981)" 300:
by James Dow Allen (October 1, 1988), and independently by
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The Complete Book of Connect 4: History, Strategy, Puzzles
2220: 716:"Intro to Game Design - NYU Game Center - Game Design" 610:—started a rumour that Connect Four was invented by 3464: 3438: 3400: 3307: 3287: 3113: 2655: 2273: 2258: 2156: 2135: 2119: 2090: 2009: 1977: 1889: 1822: 1433: 1420: 162: 154: 146: 138: 128: 120: 102: 88: 76: 58: 1286:. No. 48. A H C Publications. pp. 22–23. 1083: 248: 888:"POWER LORDS - Ned Strongin Creative Services" 2236: 1398: 644:, Vincent and Leo can play Connect Four as a 373:"PopOut" redirects here. For other uses, see 8: 3265:Winston Steinburger and Sir Dudley Ding Dong 1375:"Connect 4 solver on smartphone or computer" 30: 777:. City University of New York. Winter 2001. 384:A travel version of the Milton Bradley game 2270: 2243: 2229: 2221: 2205:Licensed or not originally published by MB 1430: 1405: 1391: 1383: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1051:A Knowledge-based Approach of Connect-Four 338:The solved conclusion for Connect Four is 948:United States Patent and Trademark Office 529:Learn how and when to remove this message 1261:"HIGNFY Guest interview: Stuart Maconie" 1062: 1060: 1044: 1042: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1004:Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences 912:Cummings, Gerald W. (5 September 1989). 707: 269:Connect Four is a two-player game with 53:A pair of friends playing connect four 29: 7: 2210:Only in the United States and Canada 1163:Advances in Computer Games, ACG 2011 467:adding citations to reliable sources 635:" in which teams use colored balls. 1054:, Vrije Universiteit, October 1988 631:, there is a game under the name " 323:, with optimizations that include 25: 3540:(except Japan and parts of Asia) 3522: 3521: 3278: 3129:Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom 2192: 2191: 2110: 1300:Family games : The 100 best 1033:"John's Connect Four Playground" 810:"Strongin Made Fun His Business" 443: 47: 38: 1484:Broadsides and Boarding Parties 1090:. Sterling Publishing Company. 972:from the original on 2021-12-12 588:player that loses get tickets. 454:needs additional citations for 335:integer performance benchmark. 3561:Board games introduced in 1974 1: 1353:. Numberphile. Archived from 1278:Paddy O'Sullivan (May 1976). 1259:Thair, David (May 22, 2009). 577:ticket redemption arcade game 3571:Milton Bradley Company games 3183:Kiya & the Kimoja Heroes 1582:Go to the Head of the Class 1069:Expert Play in Connect-Four 108:; 50 years ago 3622: 2053:Jordan vs Bird: One on One 1498:The Checkered Game of Life 1035:. Homepages. May 25, 2010. 914:"Ball catcher and thrower" 863:"Designed by Ned Strongin" 808:Hall, Sara (13 May 2011). 771:"A City College Toy Story" 745:"Inventing Toys at Hasbro" 664:Family Games: The 100 Best 372: 3601:Games played on Go boards 3517: 3276: 2187: 2108: 1128:The Fhourstones Benchmark 815:Newport Beach Independent 46: 37: 3606:Computer-assisted proofs 3427:Hasbro Family Game Night 1369:Connect Four game solver 1150:. Microsoft Corporation. 1082:Allen, James D. (2010). 789:"Obituary: Ned Strongin" 575:released a Connect Four 550:computer the same year. 375:Pop Out (disambiguation) 292:Gameplay of Connect Four 3591:Abstract strategy games 3380:Archetype Entertainment 3190:The Magic Hockey Skates 2381:Glitter Force Doki-Doki 749:Howard Wexler toys .com 600:Broadcaster and writer 3581:Paper-and-pencil games 3576:Children's board games 3157:Dungeons & Dragons 3019:Pretty Pretty Princess 1838:Heads Up Action Soccer 1701:Pretty Pretty Princess 1512:Conquest of the Empire 1414:Milton Bradley Company 1297:Lowder, James (2010). 604:—while working at the 548:Texas Instruments 99/4 385: 293: 258: 71:The Captain's Mistress 2799:Don't Spill the Beans 1912:Don't Spill the Beans 1165:. LNCS 7168: 208–219. 1148:Four in a Row Solver 818:. 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Hasbro Inc. 2012. 296:The game was first 271:perfect information 34: 3143:Cupcake & Dino 1792:Voice of the Mummy 1743:Snakes and ladders 1373:Talwalkar, Presh. 1116:, February 4, 1995 1113:Connect-4 Data Set 1006:. sequence A212693 794:The New York Times 638:In the video game 614:, which became an 386: 325:alpha-beta pruning 294: 241:in February 1974. 193:Captain's Mistress 67:The Captain's Duel 3548: 3547: 3535:(U.S. and Canada) 3363:Tiger Electronics 3274: 3273: 2778:Crocodile Dentist 2694:Barrel of Monkeys 2687:Axis & Allies 2680:Ants in the Pants 2590:Stretch Armstrong 2441:Littlest Pet Shop 2218: 2217: 2157:Related companies 2148:Gamemaster Series 2106: 2105: 1986:Barrel of Monkeys 1898:Ants in the Pants 1456:Axis & Allies 1442:13 Dead End Drive 1310:978-1-934547-21-2 1284:Games and Puzzles 1192:"C4 Classic Grid" 1146:asun.net (2013). 1066:Allen, James D., 797:. 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(2012). 983: 953: 944:"Connect Four" 935: 919:google patents 904: 879: 854: 842:Justia Patents 838:"Ned Strongin" 829: 800: 780: 762: 751:. 18 June 2012 736: 706: 705: 703: 700: 699: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 671: 668: 667: 666: 661: 654: 651: 650: 649: 636: 619: 602:Stuart Maconie 596: 593: 537: 536: 478:"Connect Four" 451: 449: 442: 436: 435:Other versions 433: 427: 424: 414: 411: 397: 394: 370: 367: 351: 348: 266: 263: 252: 246: 243: 239:Milton Bradley 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 104: 100: 99: 93:Milton Bradley 90: 86: 85: 80: 74: 73: 60: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3618: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3454: 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61: 57: 50: 45: 41: 36: 33: 19: 18:Howard Wexler 3596:Solved games 3539: 3534: 3425: 3422:Video games 3308:Subsidiaries 3288:Distributed 3263: 3256: 3249: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3162: 3155: 3150:Duel Masters 3148: 3141: 3134: 3127: 3120: 3102: 3095: 3088: 3081: 3074: 3067: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3031: 3024: 3017: 3010: 3003: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2972: 2965: 2958: 2951: 2946:Nerf Blaster 2944: 2939:Mystery Date 2937: 2930: 2916: 2909: 2902: 2895: 2890:Mall Madness 2888: 2881: 2874: 2867: 2860: 2853: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2825: 2818: 2811: 2804: 2797: 2790: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2757:Connect Four 2756: 2755: 2748: 2741: 2736:Catch Phrase 2734: 2727: 2720: 2713: 2706: 2699: 2692: 2685: 2678: 2671: 2664: 2620:Transformers 2600:Talk 'n Play 2595:Super Soaker 2530:Poppin' Park 2529: 2508:MoonDreamers 2488:Monster Face 2477: 2473:Mighty Muggs 2452:Luna Petunia 2450: 2446:Lost Kitties 2445: 2431:Lincoln Logs 2415: 2408: 2379: 2372: 2365: 2351: 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Retrieved 1355:the original 1347:Haran, Brady 1337:Connect Four 1328:Connect Four 1299: 1292: 1283: 1273: 1264: 1254: 1237: 1220: 1203: 1186: 1177: 1171: 1162: 1156: 1147: 1127: 1121: 1112: 1106: 1085: 1077: 1068: 1050: 1016: 1008:. Retrieved 1005: 1001: 997: 986: 976:December 18, 974:. Retrieved 965: 956: 947: 938: 930: 923:. Retrieved 917: 907: 895:. Retrieved 892:USPTO.report 891: 882: 870:. Retrieved 866: 857: 845:. Retrieved 841: 832: 820:. Retrieved 813: 803: 792: 783: 775:CUNY Matters 774: 765: 753:. Retrieved 748: 739: 727:. 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Joe 2325:DohVinci 2197:Category 2091:Consoles 1954:KerPlunk 1919:Downfall 1831:Big Trak 1757:Stratego 1729:Scrabble 1596:Headache 970:Archived 670:See also 646:minigame 555:Internet 426:Power Up 363:gameplay 253:—  245:Gameplay 3176:Kaijudo 3104:Yahtzee 3097:Upwords 3090:Twister 3083:Trouble 2974:Pay Day 2771:Cranium 2666:Acquire 2565:Robotix 2535:Popples 2265:managed 2098:Vectrex 1968:Twister 1813:Yahtzee 1785:Upwords 966:YouTube 653:Reviews 623:The Hub 503:scholar 342:. With 321:negamax 317:minimax 207:in the 203:, and 181:Four Up 147:Players 142:English 111: ( 3499:Galoob 3451:BotCon 3408:Comics 3345:Kenner 3163:Exodus 3048:Sorry! 2911:Milton 2897:Merlin 2813:Elefun 2764:Cootie 2715:Bop It 2708:Boggle 2647:Weeble 2520:NakNak 2367:GoBots 2313:Blythe 2288:Alphie 2252:Hasbro 2164:Hasbro 2120:People 2018:Abadox 1852:Milton 1845:Merlin 1736:Shogun 1708:Rack-O 1307:  1267:. 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Index

Howard Wexler


Designers
Milton Bradley
Hasbro
Connection game
Soviet Union
m,n,k-game
solved game
Milton Bradley
perfect information
zero-sum game

solved
Victor Allis
brute-force analysis
John Tromp
minimax
negamax
alpha-beta pruning
transposition tables
Fhourstones
first-player-win
perfect play
gameplay
Pop Out (disambiguation)


verification

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