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have not been checked to find evidence of mining to indicate presence of the moth. The plant has been transplanted to three other locations in
Waikato in restoration projects done between 2006 and 2008, and a fourth location was naturally colonised and regenerated near the type locality, Torehape, by
475:. These once covered vastly more area than present, but have been drained and reduced for agriculture, or mined for fuel, after colonisation of the area. Of the areas where the plant formerly occurred, the moth has only been seen inland at central Waikato localities, not having been found in
409:
The larvae (caterpillars) of this species are extremely narrow, long and orange in colour. It reaches a length of approximately 2 cm but is only 1mm in width. The adult moth is approximately 0.5 cm in length and has a wingspan of 1.2 cm. It is silver-greyish in colour.
1106:
328:, because they considered more recent taxonomic developments as yet too immature, but this species might properly be placed in the Epimarptidae, or at least the subfamily
1190:
418:
The species was first discovered by Watts in 2003 at a small bog called
Torehape. As of 2006 it was known from only three peatland localities, and thus
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Two other taxa which were discovered earlier but which have remained undescribed are likely closely related to this moth: a species which tunnels in
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Handbuch der
Zoologie/Handbook of Zoology Vol. 4, part 35. Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies Vol. 1. Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography
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2013. The moth appears to be also present at these four areas, and seems to have been translocated along with its hostplant.
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must 'escape' from the narrow chamber in which it pupates, and secondly, because it had 'escaped' the attention of
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Hoare, R.J.B.; Dugdale, J.S.; Edwards, E.D.; Gibbs, G.W.; Patrick, B.H.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Rolfe, J.R. (2017).
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apparently has a two-year life cycle, because the moths emerge from their pupae whilst less mature caterpillar
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Because of its morphological distinctiveness, as well as threats to the habitat of its very local host plant
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specimens of the plant taken from more coastal locations in
Waikato and in the neighbouring northwestern
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Prior to its scientific description, Watts and Hoare took to calling the caterpillar of this species
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Its caterpillars feed on a plant which is restricted to relict areas of a type of habitat known as
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737:"The world's thinnest caterpillar? A new genus and species of Batrachedridae (Lepidoptera) from
601:
is considered a species of high conservation status. In 2017 this moth was classified under the
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of New
Zealand. Samples from areas where the plant once grew in central parts of the region of
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New
Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils
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Watts, Corinne H.; Thornburrow, Danny; Thornburrow, John; Didham, Raphael K. (2008).
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Adult moths are only on the wing from late Spring to mid-Summer, which, within the
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998:"Sampling the invertebrate community associated with a threatened wetland plant,
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1063:. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Department of Conservation. p. 8.
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which feed on the caterpillars (or perhaps a parasitoid of the caterpillar in
554:
529:
472:
226:
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of this species in the
Southern Hemisphere, is late October to mid-December.
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Conservation status of New
Zealand butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), 2015
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Watts, Corinne H.; Thornburrow, Danny; Clarkson, Beverly; Dean, S. (2013).
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844:"Monitoring a threatened moth ('Fred the Thread') in Waikato peat bogs"
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Monitoring a threatened moth (‘Fred the Thread’) in
Waikato peat bogs
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https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/videos/1858-fred-the-thread-a-poem
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the most similar to the also recently described
Japanese species
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by some websites. Dr Robert Hoare has written a poem about it.
945:"Distribution and abundance of a threatened stem-boring moth,
1097:
Photos of the moth, larvae and evidence of mining on leaves
735:
Hoare, Robert; Dugdale, John; Watts, Corinne (2006-11-02).
261:
in 2006 using a specimen collected at Torehape wetland, in
949:, (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) in New Zealand peat bogs"
1090:(Fred the Thread) discussed on RNZ Critter of the Week,
781:(1999). "The Gelechioidea". In Kristensen, N.P. (ed.).
608:
It has been recorded as present in the protected area
542:, a large endemic New Zealand rush-like marsh plant.
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1124:
550:Jo A. Berry was able to recover and identify three
359:for humorous reasons – firstly, because the
385:), was chosen in reference to the caterpillars.
237:. The caterpillars are sometimes referred to as
785:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 131–158.
741:(Restionaceae), a threatened New Zealand plant"
233:. It is classified as "At Risk, Relict" by the
920:. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. June 2014
27:Monotypic moth genus in family Batrachedridae
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524:This species is only known from a single
603:New Zealand Threat Classification system
379:for 'very flexible' (the superlative of
335:Hodges, depending on the taxonomy used.
1002:, using a new design of emergence trap"
625:
324:1998 interpretation, as opposed to the
956:Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera
7:
1285:5ebc8caa-fe5b-4dd3-aba4-410900147e7e
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644:. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd.
269:specimen is a male collected at the
249:This species was first described by
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914:Hoare, Dugdale & Watts, 2006"
638:Hoare, Dugdale & Watts, 2006"
313:. classified the species in the
275:New Zealand Arthropod Collection
191:Hoare, Dugdale & Watts, 2006
155:Hoare, Dugdale & Watts, 2006
75:
1323:Endangered biota of New Zealand
655:Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010).
503:are still actively tunnelling.
397:, which has been promoted as a
286:in New Zealand, and another in
610:Moanatuatua Scientific Reserve
457:Moanatuatua Scientific Reserve
430:, in the northern part of the
1:
1026:10.1080/00779962.2008.9722162
455:habitat at the center of the
1333:Endemic moths of New Zealand
1318:Endemic fauna of New Zealand
1006:The New Zealand Entomologist
659:. Vol. 2. p. 457.
605:as being "At Risk, Relict".
820:. Government of New Zealand
536:inside the living stems of
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851:www.landcareresearch.co.nz
299:The species appears to be
235:Department of Conservation
767:– via Researchgate.
181:
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72:Scientific classification
70:
50:
41:
34:
1000:Sporadanthus ferrugineus
890:Waikato Regional Council
745:Invertebrate Systematics
739:Sporadanthus ferrugineus
539:Sporadanthus ferrugineus
518:Sporadanthus ferrugineus
515:Evidence of feeding on
573:species and either an
521:
463:
283:Machaerina teretifolia
1328:Monotypic moth genera
1248:Houdinia flexilissima
1218:Houdinia flexilissima
1088:Houdinia flexilissima
947:Houdinia flexilissima
912:Houdinia flexilissima
636:Houdinia flexilissima
634:"NZOR Name Details -
514:
453:Houdinia flexilissima
450:
218:Houdinia flexilissima
185:Houdinia flexilissima
18:Houdinia flexilissima
1313:Moths of New Zealand
818:Science Learning Hub
422:to peat bogs in the
273:wetland held in the
215:. Its sole species,
167:H. flexilissima
1102:Image of adult moth
1018:2008NZEnt..31...23W
289:Lomandra longifolia
44:Conservation status
886:"Types of wetland"
522:
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306:Epimarptis hiranoi
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1118:Taxon identifiers
814:"Fred the Thread"
779:Hodges, Ronald W.
666:978-1-877257-93-3
461:Pirongia Mountain
459:, looking out to
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414:Distribution
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375:", which is
373:flexilissima
372:
348:
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330:Epimarptinae
326:Epimarptidae
310:
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255:John Dugdale
251:Robert Hoare
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229:in northern
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1270:iNaturalist
1242:Wikispecies
1178:iNaturalist
1150:Wikispecies
981:13 December
567:species, a
546:Parasitoids
405:Description
399:common name
389:Common name
322:Ron Hodges'
231:New Zealand
227:raised bogs
129:Lepidoptera
1302:Categories
924:2018-05-16
895:2018-05-16
620:References
526:host plant
507:Food plant
487:Life cycle
320:following
109:Arthropoda
1233:Q10768823
1141:Q21078763
976:2156-5457
962:: 81–89.
765:1447-2600
691:Q45922947
683:25288394M
675:973607714
585:species.
477:herbarium
436:Northland
347:. chose "
339:Etymology
294:Australia
207:genus of
205:monotypic
161:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
1262:11153530
1227:Wikidata
1156:Houdinia
1135:Wikidata
1126:Houdinia
1034:85625020
687:Wikidata
483:region.
382:flexilis
349:Houdinia
271:Torehape
267:holotype
245:Taxonomy
200:Houdinia
150:Houdinia
135:Family:
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
36:Houdinia
1196:1273047
1170:4684185
1014:Bibcode
564:Sierola
501:instars
467:Habitat
443:Ecology
428:Waikato
420:endemic
263:Waikato
223:endemic
145:Genus:
125:Order:
119:Insecta
115:Class:
60: (
1282:NZOR:
1275:407359
1203:NZOR:
1183:376636
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824:16 May
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579:or an
534:pupate
451:Prime
424:region
343:Hoare
315:family
265:. The
62:NZ TCS
58:Relict
1191:IRMNG
1061:(PDF)
1030:S2CID
952:(PDF)
847:(PDF)
561:): a
493:range
377:Latin
361:imago
355:, as
345:et al
333:sensu
311:et al
221:, is
209:moths
203:is a
1257:GBIF
1165:GBIF
1065:ISBN
1041:2018
983:2019
972:ISSN
858:2018
826:2018
787:ISBN
761:ISSN
671:OCLC
661:ISBN
532:and
530:mine
257:and
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