Housing First - Knowledge (XXG)

1269:, Washington, found that providing housing and support services for homeless alcoholics costs taxpayers less than leaving them on the street, where taxpayer money goes towards police and emergency health care. This first US controlled assessment of the effectiveness of Housing First specifically targeting chronically homeless alcoholics showed that the program saved taxpayers more than $ 4 million over the first year of operation. During the first six months of a study of 95 residents in a Housing First program in downtown Seattle, even after considering the cost of administering the housing, the study reported an average cost-savings of 53 percent—nearly US$ 2,500 per month per person in health and social services, compared to the per month costs of a wait-list control group of 39 homeless people. Further, stable housing also results in reduced drinking among homeless alcoholics. 852: 913:. Housing was provided ‘first' rather than, as in the staircase model, ‘last'. Housing First offered rapid access to a settled home in the community, combined with mobile support services that visited people in their own homes. There was no requirement to stop drinking or using drugs and no requirement to accept treatment in return for housing. Housing was not removed from someone if their drug or alcohol use did not stop, or if they refused to comply with treatment. If a person's behavior or support needs resulted in a loss of housing, Housing First would help them find another place to live and then continue to support them for as long as was needed. Dr. Tsemberis founded 1403:, gave a critical overview of evidence-based policy, based on its reliance on positivist methods and technical approach to policy making, which used the Bush Administration's Housing First policy as a case study. According to Stanhope and Dunn, Housing First is "an example of research-driven policy making but also resulted in a progressive policy being promoted by a conservative administration". The paper argues that evidence-based policy fails to integrate evidence and values into policy deliberations, and concludes with alternative models of policy decision-making and their implications for research." 948:, also provides wraparound case management services to the tenants. This case management provides stability for homeless individuals, which increases their success. It allows for accountability and promotes self-sufficiency. The housing provided through government supported Housing First programs is permanent and "affordable," meaning that tenants pay 30% of their income towards rent. Housing First, as pioneered by Pathways to Housing, targets individuals with disabilities. This housing is supported through two HUD programs. They are the 961:

in a community as opposed to assembling multiple or all participants in one project or location. In a project-based Housing First implementation, residents are offered units within a single housing project or site. This model congregates multiple or all participants in one locality. In both the scattered-site and project-based Housing First programs, residents are given access to a wide variety of supportive health and rehabilitation services which they have the option, although not mandatory, to participate in and receive treatment.

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that Housing First is a program to end homelessness not to reduce substance abuse, though more recent research indicates it is more effective than traditional approaches in this regard as well. This exchange highlights the way in which the selection of outcomes sets both the terms of the debate and the parameters of "what works." Embedded in that mantra are a priori decisions about what constitutes working and for whom; in this case it was stable housing for the chronic homeless.

1128: 1262:(USICH). Through Housing First programs, chronically homeless individuals are using fewer hospital resources, spending less time in costly incarceration and requiring fewer emergency room visits. The implementation of Housing First philosophy when working with homeless families and young adults has been shown to increase clients' enrollment in public assistance benefits, decrease involvement in the child welfare system, and have very few returning to homelessness. 1280:, although homeless families were still increasing in number. Some shelters were reducing the number of beds due to lowered numbers of homeless, and some emergency shelter facilities were closing, especially the emergency Boston Night Center. By 2015, Boston Mayor Marty Walsh had announced a 3-year plan to end chronic homelessness, focusing on coordinating efforts among public agencies and nonprofit organizations providing services to homeless men and women. 711: 153: 1211:

provided by an NGO. Clients are given help with social issues and medical care. The first houses have been working in three cities since 2011 and a hundred apartments were planned in Paris starting in May 2012. Several NGOs provide rental management and social support for tenants. Those NGOs are linked with scientists investigating the results. The lead team of "Un chez-soi d'abord" is expecting results to be published around 2017.

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with severe mental illness incapable of functioning in all areas of life and that they required around-the-clock supervision and support. This also reflected the idea prevalent at the time that all or a vast majority of people experiencing homelessness were suffering from mental illnesses. However, by the 1980s, experts began to raise questions regarding the underlying assumptions of this approach.

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decline in police interactions. Fortune reported that the Housing First approach resulted in a 66 percent decline in days hospitalized (from one year prior to intake compared to one year in the program), a 38 percent decline in times in emergency room, a 41 percent decline in EMS events, a 79 percent decline in days in jail and a 30 percent decline in police interactions.

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provision of stable accommodations is a precondition for any other treatment to reduce homelessness. Meanwhile, this approach relies on layers of collaborative support networks that promote stability and eliminate factors that cause or prolong homelessness. The support system addresses issues such as healthcare, education, family, children, employment, and social welfare.

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applicants must be selected by lottery, low-income people are not guaranteed to be chosen to live in the housing, although they have an advantage. There are a couple of Housing First-like programs. Some renovate discarded or empty homes and they rent the rooms to single mothers with financial and occupational support.

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approached by the San Francisco homeless outreach team during sweeps refused the shelter offered to them, often due to underlying drug addiction or mental illness. Even when such individuals do accept housing, there are serious issues: 16% of all overdoses in San Francisco occur in government-provided

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Critics of the Housing First approach have argued that some of the most severely mentally ill or drug addicted cannot be served effectively by the approach. In San Francisco, home to over 4,000 people experiencing homelessness and mental illness or drug addiction, a 2015 study found that 91% of those

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When comparing the effects of Housing First on older and younger homeless adults, older homeless adults have shown significantly higher rates of improvement in areas like mental component summary scores, condition specific quality of life, mental health symptom severity, and percentage of days stably

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The French government launched a Housing First-like program in 2010 in four major cities — Toulouse, Marseille, Lille and Paris — called "Un chez-Soi d'abord", focused on homeless people with mental illness or addictions. The plan is on a three-year basis for each individual, living in accommodation

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This model had several flaws. Those served by the staircase model often became "stuck" in staircase services, because they could not always manage to complete all the tasks necessary to proceed. Participants were often evicted from housing due to failure to abstain from drugs and alcohol and refusing

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Housing First is an alternative to a system of emergency shelter/transitional housing progressions. Rather than moving homeless individuals through different "levels" of housing, whereby each level moves them closer to "independent housing" (for example: from the streets to a public shelter, and from

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As part of the H2020 research project "HOME_EU: Reversing Homelessness in Europe" by the European Commission, approximately 5600 surveys have been conducted between March and December 2017 in France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Poland, and Sweden in order to understand people's

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have requested Housing First, Japanese government does not have a Housing First program yet. Traditionally, the government offers public housing (so-called Koei-jutaku) for low-income people by public housing law, run by local government. Rent fees are adjusted according to household income. Because

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The Housing First Model is executed through either a scattered-site or project-based implementation. A scattered-site Housing First program is a model in which residents are offered the opportunity of being housed in individual housing units throughout a community. This model integrates participants

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Macnaughton, Eric; Nelson, Geoffrey; Worton, S. Kathleen; Tsemberis, Sam; Stergiopoulos, Vicky; Aubry, Tim; Hasford, Julian; Distasio, Jino; Goering, Paula (September 2018). "Navigating Complex Implementation Contexts: Overcoming Barriers and Achieving Outcomes in a National Initiative to Scale Out

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Housing First has been criticized on its failure to address broader service outcomes, namely substance abuse (in one case, it was argued that the only reason substance abuse outcomes were no worse was that the residents were not severely addicted). These criticisms have been rebutted on the grounds

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In Czech Republic the first pilot Housing First project started in May 2016. 50 families were taken into municipal flats in Brno. NGO IQ Roma Servis supported them for next two years. More than 80% of the families were able to sustain in the flats. This project won SozialMarie - international prize

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Sue Fortune, Director of Alex Pathways to Housing in Calgary in her 2013 presentation entitled "Canadian Adaptations using Housing First: A Canadian Perspective" argued that less than 1% of existing clients return to shelters or rough sleeping; clients spend 76% fewer days in jail; clients have 35%

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In response, a "staircase" approach began to be utilized. The staircase approach for people experiencing homelessness had three goals: training people to live in their own homes after being on the streets or in and out of hospitals; making sure someone was receiving treatment and medication for any

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The programme to reduce long-term homelessness targets just some homeless people. Assessed on the basis of social, health and financial circumstances, this is the hard core of homelessness. The programme to reduce long-term homelessness focuses on the 10 biggest urban growth centres, where most of

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Supported housing services developed as an alternative to staircase services for psychiatric patients. In contrast to the staircase approach, former psychiatric patients were very quickly provided with ordinary housing and received flexible help and treatment from mobile support teams. Support was

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Weekly staff visits as well as a normal lease agreement are also a part of the program. Consumers have to pay 30 percent of their income every month as rent. Rather than have a homeless person remain in an emergency homeless shelter, it was thought to be better to quickly get the person permanent

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The formal Housing First Model has its origins in "Supported Housing" implemented in North America during the 1990s. For many years, the conventional action taken in regard to people experiencing homelessness was that of psychiatric hospitalization, where doctors considered individuals diagnosed

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Housing First approaches are based on the concept that a homeless individual or household's first and primary need is to obtain stable housing, and that other issues that may affect the household can and should be addressed once housing is obtained. In contrast, many other programs operate from a

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Research conducted in the late 1990s by pioneering American social researcher Dennis P. Culhane and others demonstrated that the housing first model was more effective at ending long-term homelessness than previous models of care. The systemic use of comparative research demonstrated the model's

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Housing First is an approach that offers permanent, affordable housing as quickly as possible for individuals and families experiencing homelessness, and then provides the supportive services and connections to the community-based supports people need to keep their housing and avoid returning to

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Chung, Timothy E.; Gozdzik, Agnes; Palma Lazgare, Luis I.; To, Matthew J.; Aubry, Tim; Frankish, James; Hwang, Stephen W.; Stergiopoulos, Vicky (January 2018). "Housing First for older homeless adults with mental illness: a subgroup analysis of the At Home/Chez Soi randomized controlled trial".

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summarized key elements of the 100,000 Homes Campaign that campaign leaders attribute to its success. This included learning individual homeless people's "name and need" by mobilizing volunteers to go very early in the morning to check on them, establishing a "vulnerability index" so they could

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in the United States, launched in 2010 to "help communities around the country place 100,000 chronically homeless people into permanent supportive housing", announced that it reached its four-year goal of housing 100,000 chronically homeless people nearly two months before its July 29 deadline.

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In August 2007, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development reported that the number of chronically homeless individuals living on the streets or in shelters dropped by an unprecedented 30 percent, from 175,914 people in 2005 to 123,833 in 2007. This was credited in part to the "housing

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In Denmark, Housing First is embedded in the national Homeless Strategy as the overall strategy. However, it has been shown that this intervention strategy is serving only a small number of people recorded to be homeless which is most likely due to barriers like shortage of affordable housing.

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principle. Solutions to social and health problems cannot be a condition for organising accommodation: on the contrary, accommodation is a requirement which also allows other problems of people who have been homeless to be solved. Having somewhere to live makes it possible to strengthen life

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The Housing First strategy is a comprehensive solution incorporating support for homeless people in all aspects of their personal and social life. It does not intend to provide housing for the people in need and forget about them. The Housing First philosophy is a paradigm shift, where quick

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housing (SROs) where there is insufficient infrastructure to prevent overdoses. Recent studies have suggested that institutionalization and compulsory drug rehab are ineffective in many cases, which has led to a broader adoption of Housing First solutions, but in practice support for these

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individuals in need often ends the moment they are housed. As a result, many struggle to move on to more sustainable self sufficient living; residents of San Francisco's SROs are more than twice as likely to overdose or return to homelessness than they are to move into permanent housing.

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In Utah, there has been "a 72 percent decrease overall since enacting the plan in 2005" according to the Utah Division of Housing and Community Development. There has been some success with Utah's housing first plan, reducing chronic homelessness by 91 percent over the first ten years.

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Because of all the reasons there are for long-term homelessness, if it is to be cut there need to be simultaneous measures at different levels, i.e. universal housing and social policy measures, the prevention of homelessness and targeted action to reduce long-term homelessness.

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Stergiopoulos, V; Hwang, S. W; Gozdzik, A; Nisenbaum, R; Latimer, E; Rabouin, D; Adair, C. E; Bourque, J; Connelly, J; Frankish, J; Katz, L. Y; Mason, K; Misir, V; O'Brien, K; Sareen, J; Schütz, C. G; Singer, A; Streiner, D. L; Vasiliadis, H. M; Goering, P. N (2015).

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Collins, Cyleste C.; Bai, Rong; Crampton, David; Fischer, Robert; D'Andrea, Rebecca; Dean, Kendra; Lalich, Nina; Chan, Tsui; Cherney, Emily (January 2019). "Implementing housing first with families and young adults: challenges and progress toward self-sufficiency".

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ongoing mental health problems; and making sure someone was not involved in behavior that might put their health, well-being, and housing stability at risk, particularly that they were not utilizing drugs or alcohol. Housing was seen as the end goal of the program.

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Following the development of several Housing First programs through the Home/Chez Soi research project, an initiative to provide Housing First training and technical assistance was created and has been shown to be useful in developing high fidelity programs.

1004:, the focus is on the Housing First model. Thus, private or public organizations across Canada are eligible to receive HPS subsidies to implement Housing First programs. In 2008, the Federal Government of Canada funded a five-year demonstration program, the 1348:. The HEARTH act allows for the prevention of homelessness, rapid re-housing, consolidation of housing programs, and new homeless categories. In the eighteen months after the bill's signing, HUD must make regulations implementing this new McKinney program. 791:

a public shelter to a transitional housing program, and from there to their own apartment or house in the community), Housing First moves the homeless individual or household immediately from the streets or homeless shelters into their own accommodation.

1423:).” Stanhope argues that the dissonance between the fundamental right to housing that Housing First entails and neoliberal ideology has not been considered during policymaking, especially because of the focus on the empirical outcomes of Housing First. 767:. There is a substantial base of evidence showing that Housing First is both an effective solution to homelessness and a form of cost savings, as it also reduces the use of public services like hospitals, jails, and emergency shelters. Cities like 3689:

Petit, J. M.; Loubiere, S.; Vargas-Moniz, M. J.; Tinland, A.; Spinnewijn, F.; Greenwood, R. M.; Santinello, M.; Wolf, J. R.; Bokszczanin, A.; Bernad, R.; Kallmen, H.; Ornelas, J.; Auquier, P.; HOME-EU consortium study group (28 November 2018).

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In its Economic Action Plan 2013, the Federal Government of Canada proposed $ 119 million annually from March 2014 until March 2019—with $ 600 million in new funding—to renew its Homelessness Partnering Strategy (HPS). In dealing with

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When comparing the effects of Housing First on homeless adults with lower or borderline intellectual functioning to homeless adults with normal intellectual functioning it has been shown that there is no significant difference.

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In a rapid review and document analysis of Housing First scholarly literature in the U.S. and Canada, it has been shown that these literature are severely lacking in the implementation and explicit mention of harm reduction.

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Some housing projects have been shown to produce similar results to the US Housing First model in terms of strong housing outcomes and reductions in intensity and frequency of service use relative to pre-intervention levels.

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Pathways to Housing Canada describes the Housing First as a "client-driven strategy that provides immediate access to an apartment without requiring initial participation in psychiatric treatment or treatment for sobriety."

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provided for as long as was needed. Importantly, supportive housing did not require individuals to abstain from drugs or alcohol and providers did not expect full engagement with treatment as a condition for being housed.

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first" approach; Congress in 1999 directed that HUD spend 30% of its funding on the method. In 2013, the estimated national public cost of chronic homelessness was between $ 3.7 and $ 4.7 billion according to the

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and therefore "challenges deeply held beliefs that have shaped US welfare from its inception: That no one has a right to a government benefit unless they have proved themselves to be deserving or worthy (e.g.,

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housing of some sort and the necessary support services to sustain a new home. But there are many complications that must be dealt with to make such an initiative work successfully in the middle to long term.

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In 2017, the U.K. government announced plans for a Housing First pilot programme in the West Midlands, Liverpool, and Manchester, along with funding of £28m. This followed publication of a report entitled

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to undergo psychiatric treatment. Programs also had high levels of standards beyond those expected from a "typical citizen" - participants were expected to be the "perfect citizen" in order to continue.

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In 2017 another project started in Brno. This time the target people group was long term homeless singles and the project is run by the municipality. The program supports 65 tenants in municipal flats.

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Collins, S. E; Malone, D. K; Clifasefi, S. L; Ginzler, J. A; Garner, M. D; Burlingham, B; Lonczak, H. S; Dana, E. A; Kirouac, M; Tanzer, K; Hobson, W. G; Marlatt, G. A; Larimer, M. E (2012).

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prioritize certain homeless people and "bring housing advocates and agency representatives together to streamline the placement processes, and share ideas about how to cut through red tape."

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A research study from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte also reported that a housing project for the chronically homeless called Moore Place had saved the county $ 2.4 million.

1008:, aimed at providing evidence about what services and systems best help people experiencing serious mental illness and homelessness. Launched in November 2009 and ending in March 2013, the 937:

or other substances. The Housing First model, thus, is philosophically in contrast to models that require the homeless to abjure substance-abuse and seek treatment in exchange for housing.

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On May 20, 2009, President Obama signed the Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act into Public Law (Public Law 111-22 or "PL 111-22"), reauthorizing

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was among the experts who advised the country’s Ministry of Human Rights at a summit in late 2023 launching the government’s multi-year plan to phase in Housing First nationally.

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Greenwood, R; Schaefer-McDaniel, N; Winkel, G; Tsemberis, S (2005). "Decreasing psychiatric symptoms by increasing choice in services for adults with histories of homelessness".

886:, a 16th and 17th century clergyman who was also at the forefront of early movements insisting that basic needs of the people be met first without various rules and regulations. 3281: 795:

model of "housing readiness" — that is, that an individual or household must address other issues that may have led to the episode of homelessness prior to entering housing.

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people, and other supportive services afterward. It was first discussed in the 1990s, and in the following decades became government policy in certain locations within the

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knowledge, attitudes, and practices about homelessness and how much support the general public has in regards to Housing First as a solution for homelessness in Europe.

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Larimer, Mary E; Malone, D. K; Garner, M. D; Atkins, D. C; Burlingham, B; Lonczak, H. S; Tanzer, K; Ginzler, J; Clifasefi, S. L; Hobson, W. G; Marlatt, G. A (2009).

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Housing First for the chronically homeless is premised on the notion that housing is a basic human right, and so should not be denied to anyone, even if they are

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series program, first aired on February 2, 2007. The topic was what will most help homeless people reenter the fabric of society and looks at the housing option.

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Pathways to Housing, Inc., New York (2005). "2005 APA Gold Award: Providing housing first and recovery services for homeless adults with severe mental illness".

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Tsemberis, Sam; Eisenberg, Ronda R. (2000). "Pathways to Housing: Supported Housing for Street-Dwelling Homeless Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities".

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was actively addressing the housing need by offering Housing First programs to people with mental illness who were experiencing homelessness in five cities:

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A study of Finland's Housing First program found that giving a homeless person a home and support resulted in cost savings for the society of at least

1396: 1392: 3606: 4819: 2545: 2079:"Health Care and Public Service Use and Costs Before and After Provision of Housing for Chronically Homeless Persons with Severe Alcohol Problems" 2046:"Applying Cluster Analysis to Test a Typology of Homelessness by Pattern of Shelter Utilization: Results from the Analysis of Administrative Data" 743: 319: 2312:"Project-Based Housing First for Chronically Homeless Individuals with Alcohol Problems: Within-Subjects Analyses of 2-Year Alcohol Trajectories" 3692:"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about homelessness and willingness-to-pay for housing-first across 8 European countries: a survey protocol" 1276:

In September 2010, it was reported that the Housing First Initiative had significantly reduced the chronic homeless single person population in

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in Europe have seen dramatic reductions in homelessness due to the adaptation of Housing First policies, as have the North American cities

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pioneered both the concept that would later become known as Housing First in Italy as well as pioneering the concept that would provide

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Durbin, Anna; Lunsky, Yona; Wang, Ri; Nisenbaum, Rosane; Hwang, Stephen W.; O'Campo, Patricia; Stergiopoulos, Vicky (19 June 2018).

2368: 1449: 119: 4256:"Rapid Evidence Review: What Housing-related Services and Supports Improve Health Outcomes among Chronically Homeless Individuals?" 1143: 3785:"Substance use outcomes among homeless clients with serious mental illness: Comparing Housing First with Treatment First programs" 2496: 5241: 5187: 4877: 5231: 5157: 4579: 4323: 3587: 2901: 1224: 2982: 5246: 4805: 4569: 905:

Building on the supported housing model, but applied to people experiencing homelessness, Housing First was developed by Dr.

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Kertesz, Stefan G.; Johnson, Guy (June 2017). "Housing First: Lessons from the United States and Challenges for Australia".

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Hotels have historically been used to house the homeless population temporarily while further accommodations are made.

1308:(USICH) as a "best practice" for governments and service-agencies to use in their fight to end chronic homelessness in 5192: 5162: 5019: 4712: 4410: 4267:

Bassuk, Ellen L.; Geller, Stephanie (January 2006). "The role of housing and services in ending family homelessness".

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In 2019 Czech government and EU supported 13 new Housing First projects across the country by European Social Fund.

4934: 4902: 4441: 4102: 3006: 2007: 1589: 1564: 1155: 3987: 2929: 2679:"The Effect of Housing First on Housing Stability for People with Mental Illness and Low Intellectual Functioning" 2211:"Housing Retention in Single-Site Housing First for Chronically Homeless Individuals with Severe Alcohol Problems" 46: 5256: 5182: 4989: 4870: 4785: 4657: 1246: 2472: 5121: 5098: 4982: 4914: 4844: 4780: 4205:"Housing First for Long-Term Shelter Dwellers in a Suburban County: Traditional Housing and Treatment Services" 3149: 1365: 876: 624: 439: 329: 86: 3476:

Werb, D.; Kamarulzaman, A.; Meacham, M. C.; Rafful, C.; Fischer, B.; Strathdee, S. A.; Wood, E. (2016-02-01).

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According to Stanhope, Housing First "is an anathema to neoliberal ideology" because it asserts a fundamental

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Carling, P.J. (1990). "Major Mental Illness, Housing, and Supports: The promise of community integration".

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Watson, Dennis P.; Shuman, Valery; Kowalsky, James; Golembiewski, Elizabeth; Brown, Molly (23 May 2017).

3172:"Research Shows Housing Vouchers Reduce Hardship and Provide Platform for Long-Term Gains Among Children" 2553: 1770:"Managing Multiple Disadvantages: The Regulation of Complex Needs in Emergency Shelters for the Homeless" 5261: 5212: 5126: 5004: 4977: 4972: 4839: 4748: 4728: 4640: 4434: 4084: 4002: 3421: 2954: 1292: 1277: 574: 519: 514: 504: 242: 987:

In 2024, Brazil implemented a program called “Citizen Housing” based on Housing First Principles. Dr.

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founded in 1933. Bosco himself was inspired by and created a need society based on the teachings of

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Housing First: The Pathways Model to End Homelessness for People with Mental Illness and Addiction

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Laird, G. (2007). "SHELTER - Homelessness in a growth economy: Canada's 21st century paradox".

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15,000 per person per year, with potentially even higher cost savings in the long term.

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Notkin, Susan; et al., "Families on the Move: Breaking the Cycle of Homelessness",

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is a policy that offers unconditional, permanent housing as quickly as possible to

654: 369: 4280: 1824: 1809:"Housing First the conversation: discourse, policy and the limits of the possible" 1785: 944:, does not only provide housing. The model, used by nonprofit agencies throughout 4330: 4296: 4143: 3493: 2602:"Pathways to Housing Housing First Model adapted for use in the Canadian context" 1590:"The cities making a dent in homelessness — and what Seattle can learn from them" 4491: 3198:

Utah Housing and Community Development Comprehensive Report on Homelessness 2014

1158:, and especially Helsinki itself, where long-term homelessness is concentrated. 1025: 872: 604: 544: 289: 237: 35: 4414: 4204: 4068: 2744: 2408: 2187: 1977: 4419: 4361: 4221: 4031: 3899: 3800: 3708: 3304:"Moore Place Permanent Supportive Housing Evaluation Study | Research | SHNNY" 2413: 1132: 934: 614: 599: 594: 207: 4123: 3501: 3253:"AN ACTION PLAN TO END VETERAN AND CHRONIC HOMELESSNESS IN BOSTON: 2015-2018" 3031: 2694: 2378: 2327: 2226: 17: 4759: 4754: 4486: 4345: 2440: 2045: 1013: 659: 644: 524: 274: 269: 187: 4230: 4195: 4131: 4076: 4039: 3918: 3818: 3769: 3727: 3519: 3397: 3349: 2712: 2655: 2345: 2296: 2277: 2260: 2244: 2195: 2104: 2061:

Housing First: Ending Homelessness, Transforming Systems and Changing Lives

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Finnish government's programme to reduce long-term homelessness 2008–2011

2497:"Dr. Deborah Padgett Advises Brazil on Housing First Homelessness Policy" 1921:"Housing First | Explore the Solutions Database | The Solutions Database" 1017: 860: 768: 634: 584: 464: 354: 232: 202: 192: 3834:"From Poor Law to Welfare State: A History of Social Welfare in America" 3010: 2869:"London wants to eradicate homelessness. Here's how Finland is doing it" 2449: 2169:"The curious case of Housing First: The limits of evidence based policy" 5009: 4386:"The 'Housing First' Approach for families Affected by Substance Abuse" 4380:, Journal of the American Academy of Physician's Assistants, June 2008. 3955:"NFB short web docs capture results of Canada's At Home/Chez Soi study" 3857: 2647: 1266: 1249:

which cited the results from the Finnish application of Housing First.

1188: 1029: 1021: 419: 222: 197: 144: 2287: 1833: 4516: 3478:"The effectiveness of compulsory drug treatment: A systematic review" 3341: 3145: 2758: 2409:"Home at Last? – A radical new approach to helping the homeless" 772: 664: 259: 253: 4298:

Helping America's homeless: emergency shelter or affordable housing?

3849: 3651:. Washington, D.C.: National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty. 2843:"What is Housing First and how can it solve homelessness in the UK?" 4521: 4098:"U.S homeless czar to meet with Mayor, Nashville officials Friday" 1126: 1104:

Parts of this article (those related to documentation) need to be

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Housing is a human right: How Finland is eradicating homelessness

3743:"Housing the chronically homeless: High hopes, complex realities" 1326:

Homeless Assistance Grants for 2008 to show the effectiveness of

1154:

the homeless are to be found. The main priority, however, is the

4526: 4346:"The economics of homelessness: The evidence from North America" 3783:

Padgett, D. K; Stanhope, V; Henwood, B. F; Stefancic, A (2011).

3238: 1416: 1199: 1192: 1136: 284: 4430: 4426: 4399:(1). The National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center. 3626: 3074:"Government considering plans to house addicts who sleep rough" 1539:"'It's a miracle': Helsinki's radical solution to homelessness" 1871:

Fowler, P. J.; Hovmand, P. S.; Marcal, K. E.; Das, S. (2019).

1090: 815: 29: 3211:"Utah Reduced Chronic Homelessness By 91 Percent; Here's How" 1664:"Utah Reduced Chronic Homelessness By 91 Percent; Here's How" 855:

Temporary housing for those evicted from their apartments in

3049:"Government announces £28m funding for Housing First pilots" 1322:

The United States Congress appropriated $ 25 million in the

1219:

Though homeless support groups like non-profit organization

27:

Providing permanent housing as a policy against homelessness

3209:

Pendleton, Lloyd; Force, director of Utah's Homeless Task.

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management skills and is conducive to purposeful activity.

4333:, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1996. 909:, a faculty member of the Department of Psychiatry of the 3623:

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

3581:

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

3032:"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism" 2976:"Programme expérimental« Un chez-soi d'abord »" 1304:

Housing First is currently endorsed by the United States

2072: 2070: 1714:"How A Small Canadian City Took On Chronic Homelessness" 2926:"Housing first et le logement des personnes sans-abris" 1738:

Guirguis-Younger, M.; McNeil, R.; Hwang, S. W. (2014).

1131:

The Kenttätie homeless shelter and a service center in

832: 3627:"Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program" 3534:""Homeless Crisis Response," Opening Doors Objectives" 4344:

Quigley, John M.; Raphael, Steven (2 December 2010).

2875:. Canadian Broadcasting Centre (CBC). 28 January 2023 2209:

Collins, S. E; Malone, D. K; Clifasefi, S. L (2013).

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has provided more than 1,000 Canadians with housing.

4150:

Tsemberis, Sam; Gulcur, Leyla; Nakae, Maria (2004).

2741:"HOUSING FIRST | Brněnské sociální rozjezdy | KPSVL" 1344:'s Homeless Assistance programs. It was part of the 5175: 5140: 5109: 5061: 5035: 5028: 4960: 4858: 4827: 4818: 4773: 4721: 4668: 4618: 4542: 4464: 3282:"How Mayor Walsh plans to end veteran homelessness" 3146:"CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF HEALTH AND RISK BEHAVIORS" 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 940:Housing First, when supported by the United States 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4331:"Making room : the economics of homelessness" 3446: 3444: 1858:Sheldon Chumir Foundation for Ethics in Leadership 3832:David, Stephen; Trattner, Walter I. (June 1974). 3669:"The Push to End Chronic Homelessness Is Working" 3371:Fracassa, Dominic; Thadani, Trisha (2019-09-04). 2574:Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC). 2014. 2359:O'Flaherty, Brendan; Ellen, Ingrid Gould (2010). 1260:United States Interagency Council on Homelessness 3396:Herring, Chris; Yarbrough, Dilara (2015-06-18). 2521:"Housing First Initiative to Kick Off In Brazil" 4146:, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, V1, pp. 277–80. 2116: 2114: 1183:More effective measures to prevent homelessness 4796:International Year of Shelter for the Homeless 2595: 2593: 2591: 1565:"The city that solved homelessness | Crosscut" 1467:, a Canadian program inspired by Housing First 1335:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 1150:to eliminate homelessness in Finland by 2015. 4442: 3330:International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2059:Padgett, D; Heywood, B; Tsemberis, S (2015). 1757:. Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. 1346:Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009 1333:In February 2009, President Obama signed the 737: 8: 4319:, The Christian Science Monitor, May 1, 2002 4089:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2576:Housing and Homelessness: What is the issue? 2552:. Government of Canada. 2014. Archived from 2029:Gould Ellen, I; O'Flaherty, B, eds. (2010). 1753:Gaetz, S.; Dej, E.; Richter, T.; Redman, M. 2176:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 1807:Katz, A.; Zerger, S.; Hwang, S. W. (2017). 1401:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 952:Program and the Shelter Plus Care Program. 942:Department of Housing and Urban Development 5032: 4824: 4665: 4449: 4435: 4427: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3097:"U.S. Reports Drop in Homeless Population" 1330:programs in reducing family homelessness. 1180:To eliminate homelessness entirely by 2015 744: 730: 131: 4220: 4185: 4167: 4021: 3908: 3898: 3865: 3808: 3717: 3707: 3509: 3284:. Boston Globe Media Partners. boston.com 2789: 2702: 2473:"Brazil invests in housing-first program" 2448: 2335: 2286: 2276: 2234: 2094: 1896: 1832: 1393:New York University School of Social Work 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 4010:American Journal of Community Psychology 2636:American Journal of Community Psychology 2167:Stanhope, Victoria; Dunn, Kerry (2011). 2141:. HUD. December 21, 2007. Archived from 1889:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013553 1755:The State of Homelessness in Canada 2016 1391:In 2011, Professor Victoria Stanhope of 1061:for the best social innovation project. 4203:Tsemberis, Sam; Stefancic, Ana (2007). 3604:"HUD and McKinney-Vento Appropriations" 3602:National Alliance to End Homelessness, 3235:"Homelessness On The Decline In Boston" 2772:Benjaminsen, Lars (28 September 2018). 1477: 1177:To halve long-term homelessness by 2011 1161:The programme is structured around the 143: 4378:"Homeless, housed, and homeless again" 4082: 3430: 3419: 3280:Toussaint, Kristin (13 October 2015). 3177:Center on Budget and Policy Priorities 1455:McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act 1399:School of Social Work, writing in the 911:New York University School of Medicine 4142:'Housing first' Approach" article in 3558:National Alliance to End Homelessness 2363:. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 1519:National Alliance to End Homelessness 1318:Post-2007 U.S. policy and legislation 7: 3741:Kertesz, S. G; Weiner, S. J (2009). 3482:International Journal of Drug Policy 2033:. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 58:adding citations to reliable sources 1486:"1.2. The History of Housing First" 1306:Interagency Council on Homelessness 4350:European Journal of Housing Policy 4317:"Pathways to housing the homeless" 3986:Graves, Florence; Sayfan, Hadar, 3112:Children and Youth Services Review 2683:The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2546:"Homelessness Partnering Strategy" 2139:"HUD Homeless Assistance Programs" 2063:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2000:"1.2 The History of Housing First" 1588:Nickelsburg, Monica (2018-07-19). 320:Affordability in the United States 25: 4251:(CBC). Published 24 January 2020. 4249:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 4209:The Journal of Primary Prevention 4156:American Journal of Public Health 3667:Bornstein, David (May 28, 2014). 3241:Radio, Boston, September 29, 2010 2841:Geraghty, Liam (17 August 2022). 2395:, Boston Globe, 24 February 2008. 2316:American Journal of Public Health 2215:American Journal of Public Health 1740:Homelessness and Health in Canada 1450:Homelessness in the United States 921:in 1992 to implement this model. 5208: 5207: 4305:Press, 1st edition, April 2001. 3953:Ahearn, Victoria (5 June 2012). 3170:Fischer, Will (7 October 2015). 3124:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.11.025 3099:, New York Times, July 20, 2008. 1173:The programme's objectives are: 1095: 819: 709: 151: 34: 4324:Edna McConnell Clark Foundation 3789:Community Mental Health Journal 2044:Kuhn, R; Culhane, D.P. (1998). 1387:Limits of evidence based policy 45:needs additional citations for 4806:Youth Homelessness Matters Day 4144:"Encyclopedia of Homelessness" 3646:"The HEARTH Act — An Overview" 3585:"Homeless Assistance Programs" 3251:WALSH, MARTIN J. (June 2015). 2759:"Výzva 108 OPZ - www.esfcr.cz" 2607:. Saskatchewan. Archived from 1877:Annual Review of Public Health 1191:, Finland found that it saved 1: 4550:Anti-homelessness legislation 4281:10.1080/10511482.2006.9521590 2600:Fortune, Sue (October 2013). 2550:Canada's Economic Action Plan 2417:TV program, 21 December 2007. 1825:10.1080/09581596.2016.1167838 1786:10.1080/10875549.2015.1094774 1742:. University of Ottawa Press. 1419:"), or have earned it (e.g., 1187:Analysis of Housing First in 3494:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.005 1687:Garrott, Luke (2022-03-28). 1395:and Professor Kerry Dunn of 1144:government of Matti Vanhanen 680:Residential treatment center 4713:Homeless Friendly Precincts 4384:Tull, Tanya (Spring 2004). 4105:, Thursday, April 17, 2008. 3838:Political Science Quarterly 3456:The San Francisco Chronicle 1431:Exceptions to Housing First 1146:began a special program of 5278: 4103:Nashville Business Journal 4069:10.1176/appi.ps.56.10.1303 2634:Housing First in Canada". 2525:Latin American News Digest 2429:Australian Economic Review 2188:10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.07.006 1978:10.1037/0003-066X.45.8.969 1382:Criticism of Housing First 1156:Helsinki Metropolitan Area 1084: 867:In the late 19th century, 5205: 5043:Eastern European children 4362:10.1080/14616710110091525 4222:10.1007/s10935-007-0093-9 4032:10.1007/s10464-005-8617-z 3900:10.1186/s12954-017-0158-x 3801:10.1007/s10597-009-9283-7 3709:10.1186/s13690-018-0317-x 3696:Archives of Public Health 3072:Helm, Toby (2017-03-12). 2951:"Intermediation Locative" 2477:revistapesquisa.fapesp.br 2361:How to house the homeless 2031:How to House the Homeless 1397:University of New England 1247:Centre for Social Justice 1142:In 2007 the centre-right 4781:Homelessness Action Week 4124:10.1176/appi.ps.51.4.487 3999:"A Home for the Homeless 3994:, Sunday, June 24, 2007. 3150:University of Washington 2695:10.1177/0706743718782940 2328:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300403 2227:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301312 2004:Housing First Europe Hub 1490:Housing First Europe Hub 1010:At Home/Chez Soi project 1006:At Home/Chez Soi project 877:Catholic Worker Movement 625:Healthy community design 5242:Housing rights activism 4878:Latin American children 4301:, Washington DC : 3377:San Francisco Chronicle 2817:"Reducing homelessness" 2441:10.1111/1467-8462.12217 1768:Quirouette, M. (2016). 1229:Médecins du Monde Japan 1087:Homelessness in Finland 5232:Homelessness solutions 4801:Street Child World Cup 4786:Homeless Persons' Week 4315:McCarroll, Christina, 4295:Burt, Martha; et al., 4001:", February 26, 2008, 3887:Harm Reduction Journal 3429:Cite journal requires 3233:Brady-Myerov, Monica, 2278:10.1001/jama.2015.1163 2221:(Suppl 2): S269–S274. 1953:. Minnesota: Hazelden. 1813:Critical Public Health 1353:100,000 Homes Campaign 1351:On June 11, 2014, the 1139: 1002:homelessness in Canada 864: 380:Housing discrimination 350:Environmental security 5247:Human rights by issue 4749:Single-room occupancy 4641:Homelessness services 4329:O'Flaherty, Brendan, 4326:, New York, NY, 1996. 4269:Housing Policy Debate 4178:10.2105/AJPH.94.4.651 4003:The Salt Lake Tribune 3762:10.1001/jama.2009.596 2895:"26 Janv 2010 Report" 2791:10.17645/si.v6i3.1539 2096:10.1001/jama.2009.414 1966:American Psychologist 1949:Tsemberis, S (2010). 1644:The Columbus Dispatch 1619:The Columbus Dispatch 1293:single room occupancy 1278:Boston, Massachusetts 1195:250,000 in one year. 1130: 854: 785:Medicine Hat, Alberta 575:Alternative lifestyle 520:Real estate investing 515:Real estate economics 505:Real estate appraisal 243:Mixed-use development 4968:Bangladeshi children 4765:Transitional housing 4138:Tsemberis S. (2004) 4112:Psychiatric Services 4057:Psychiatric Services 3406:10.2139/ssrn.2620426 969:Evidence and outcome 884:St. Francis de Sales 880:House of Hospitality 781:Salt Lake City, Utah 685:Retirement community 670:Psychiatric hospital 478:Society and politics 54:improve this article 4590:Vulnerability Index 915:Pathways to Housing 256:(travellers' hotel) 4791:Homeless World Cup 3981:General references 3632:2010-02-24 at the 3609:2009-10-28 at the 3590:2008-01-10 at the 3567:2010-02-12 at the 3562:"Rapid Re-Housing" 3458:. 15 December 2022 2648:10.1002/ajcp.12268 2581:2014-02-03 at the 2501:socialwork.nyu.edu 2010:on 17 January 2022 1774:Journal of Poverty 1693:Building Salt Lake 1613:Shuler, Samantha. 1436:Emergency response 1140: 989:Deborah K. Padgett 950:Supportive Housing 875:the basis for her 865: 803:General principles 716:Housing portal 695:Supportive housing 510:Real estate bubble 430:Subsidized housing 395:Housing inequality 5219: 5218: 5201: 5200: 5171: 5170: 5015:Filipino children 4845:Ghanaian children 4814: 4813: 4691:Four penny coffin 4636:Homeless ministry 4376:Roncarati, Jill, 4311:978-0-87766-701-8 3400:. Rochester, NY. 2585:Calgary, Alberta. 2145:on March 8, 2008. 2127:. HUD. July 2007. 1712:Gregersen, Leif. 1460:Right to property 1125: 1124: 863:, Finland in 1924 849: 848: 754: 753: 405:Luxury apartments 325:Executive housing 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 5269: 5257:Right to housing 5211: 5210: 5188:Papua New Guinea 5033: 4825: 4744:Right to housing 4739:Rapid Re-Housing 4676:Homeless shelter 4666: 4653:Street newspaper 4605:Social cleansing 4451: 4444: 4437: 4428: 4400: 4390: 4373: 4292: 4263: 4262:. 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1637: 1636: 1632: 1623: 1621: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1598: 1596: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1573: 1571: 1563:Copeland, Joe. 1562: 1561: 1557: 1548: 1546: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1523: 1521: 1515:"Housing First" 1513: 1512: 1508: 1499: 1497: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1446: 1438: 1433: 1389: 1384: 1375: 1366:David Bornstein 1320: 1302: 1255: 1238: 1217: 1208: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1100: 1096: 1089: 1083: 1074: 1058: 997: 985: 976: 971: 958: 935:abusing alcohol 931: 925:effectiveness. 845: 839: 836: 829:needs expansion 814: 805: 750: 721: 720: 719: 710: 708: 705: 704: 690:Retirement home 640:Local community 580:Assisted living 569: 561: 560: 559: 530:Rent regulation 490:Housing subsidy 479: 471: 470: 469: 309: 301: 300: 299: 213:Housing project 163: 126: 115: 109: 106: 69:"Housing First" 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5275: 5273: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5224: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5166: 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4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4565:Discrimination 4562: 4557: 4555:Bill of Rights 4552: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4477:Cyber-homeless 4474: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4446: 4439: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4415:"Home at Last? 4406: 4405:External links 4403: 4402: 4401: 4381: 4374: 4356:(3): 323–336. 4341: 4327: 4320: 4313: 4293: 4275:(4): 781–806. 4264: 4252: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4215:(3): 265–279. 4200: 4147: 4136: 4107: 4095: 4063:(10): 1303–5. 4052: 4005: 3997:Lyons, Julia, 3995: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3963:Canadian Press 3945: 3924: 3873: 3844:(2): 424–426. 3824: 3775: 3756:(17): 1822–4. 3733: 3681: 3654: 3637: 3615: 3595: 3573: 3550: 3525: 3468: 3440: 3431:|journal= 3388: 3363: 3319: 3295: 3272: 3260:City of Boston 3243: 3226: 3201: 3190: 3162: 3137: 3101: 3089: 3064: 3053:Inside Housing 3040: 3023: 2998: 2967: 2942: 2917: 2886: 2860: 2833: 2808: 2797: 2784:(3): 327–336. 2764: 2750: 2747:on 2020-10-31. 2732: 2718: 2669: 2625: 2587: 2567: 2556:on 24 May 2013 2537: 2512: 2488: 2464: 2435:(2): 220–228. 2419: 2397: 2384: 2369: 2351: 2322:(3): 511–519. 2302: 2250: 2201: 2148: 2130: 2110: 2066: 2051: 2036: 2021: 1991: 1972:(8): 969–975. 1956: 1941: 1912: 1863: 1848: 1819:(1): 139–147. 1799: 1780:(3): 316–339. 1760: 1745: 1730: 1704: 1679: 1655: 1630: 1605: 1580: 1555: 1530: 1506: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1468: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1445: 1442: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1374: 1371: 1361:New York Times 1324:McKinney-Vento 1319: 1316: 1301: 1298: 1254: 1251: 1237: 1236:United Kingdom 1234: 1216: 1213: 1207: 1204: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1123: 1122: 1103: 1101: 1094: 1082: 1079: 1073: 1070: 1057: 1056:Czech Republic 1054: 996: 993: 984: 981: 975: 972: 970: 967: 957: 954: 930: 927: 847: 846: 826: 824: 813: 810: 808:homelessness. 804: 801: 777:Columbus, Ohio 752: 751: 749: 748: 741: 734: 726: 723: 722: 706: 703: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 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4265: 4261: 4260:AcademyHealth 4257: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4162:(4): 651–56. 4161: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4118:(4): 487–93. 4117: 4113: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3949: 3946: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3874: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3795:(2): 227–32. 3794: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3737: 3734: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3685: 3682: 3670: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3554: 3551: 3540:on 2011-10-06 3539: 3535: 3529: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3469: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3389: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3364: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3323: 3320: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3283: 3276: 3273: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3230: 3227: 3216: 3212: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3163: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3090: 3079: 3075: 3068: 3065: 3054: 3050: 3044: 3041: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3013:on 2016-09-05 3012: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2988:on 2015-10-26 2984: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2957:on 2012-07-29 2956: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2932:on 2015-10-24 2931: 2927: 2921: 2918: 2907:on 2013-06-08 2903: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2861: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2834: 2823:on 2012-02-04 2822: 2818: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2768: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2736: 2733: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2673: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2629: 2626: 2614:on 2014-02-21 2610: 2603: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2538: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2502: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2391:Abel, David, 2388: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2370:9781610447294 2366: 2362: 2355: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2271:(9): 905–15. 2270: 2266: 2262: 2254: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2205: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2182:(4): 275–82. 2181: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2134: 2131: 2123: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 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1315: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1288: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1253:United States 1252: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1243:Housing First 1235: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1214: 1212: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1163:housing first 1159: 1157: 1151: 1149: 1148:four wise men 1145: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1119: 1107: 1102: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1080: 1078: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 994: 992: 990: 982: 980: 973: 968: 966: 962: 955: 953: 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 928: 926: 922: 920: 919:New York City 916: 912: 908: 907:Sam Tsemberis 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 885: 881: 878: 874: 870: 862: 858: 853: 843: 840:February 2024 834: 830: 827:This section 825: 822: 818: 817: 811: 809: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 765:Western world 762: 758: 757:Housing First 747: 742: 740: 735: 733: 728: 727: 725: 724: 718: 717: 701: 698: 696: 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