20:
175:
244:
553:, with the sudden shifts in musical rhythm reflected in the dancer's changing poses. The melody is shaped by tones; a complex system of pitches, principal and auxiliary tones, and melodic phrase terminals (cadential formulas), ornaments, and the vocal lines are associated with particular modes, which are context-driven (depending on environment and stage situations) and express varying emotions. The gong instrumentation provide repetitive motifs (see
106:
795:
787:
155:, continues to use Indian drum-tuning methods, and is considered the last remaining vestige of Indian instrumentation in Southeast Asia. Similar gong and chime ensembles are found in neighboring Thailand and Laos, where it is called
763:
564:
tradition derived from royal chamber music, which is characterized by a quieter and more restrained musical style, is accompanied by either a classical ensemble or a single
535:
is characterized by dynamic, lively and sudden contrasts and shifts in rhythm, melody and tempo. The melody typically follows a regular meter of 4 to 8 beats.
824:
231:, a prominent musician, introduced various innovations to the ensemble, including decorating ensemble stands with traditional Burmese motifs and
944:
857:
649:
621:
463:
ensemble accompanies singing, dancing, and dialogues in all types of theatrical performances. Burmese scholarship recognizes 5 main types of
752:
577:
882:
680:
137:
is the product of indigenous musical traditions, enriched with contact with a diverse array of musical traditions in neighboring
914:
971:
19:
966:
437:, both of which were introduced during the colonial era. Brass sections may be added. The Mon version of the
816:
67:
that accompanies numerous forms of rituals, performances, and ceremonies in modern-day
Myanmar (Burma).
210:
differs greatly in its diversity of instruments and musical style from Thai folk ensembles. Many of the
174:
243:
235:, introducing a jazz band to the ensemble, creating spotlights, and introducing musician uniforms.
733:
474:ဗလာဆိုင်း) - performed at celebratory occasions such as weddings, Buddhist ordainment rituals (
940:
853:
645:
617:
195:
109:
The three major indigenous genres of gong-chime music prevalent in
Southeast Asia include the
874:
725:
105:
74:
64:
49:
37:
561:
447:
138:
672:
960:
614:
World Musics in
Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World's Major Musical Cultures
906:
519:
The distinct repertoire of recognizable tunes accompanies of each of these types of
542:
416:
For more formal and classical performances, the ensemble may be accompanied by the
280:(ပတ်လုံး) - a set of 18 to 21 drums in a circle with a range of more than 3 octaves
232:
259:
ensemble includes a variety of percussion and wind instruments, including various
716:
Garifas, Robert (1985). "The
Development of the Modern Burmese Hsaing Ensemble".
146:
94:
546:
418:
387:
293:
221:
216:
199:
121:
of the southern
Philippines, eastern Indonesia, and eastern Malaysia; and the
490:ဇာတ်ဆိုင်း) - accompanies traditional dramatic theatre and play performances
272:
228:
151:
117:
640:
Grimshaw-Aagaard, Mark; Walther-Hansen, Mads; Knakkergaard, Martin (2019).
167:. However, these ensembles do not employ the use of a drum circle like the
554:
385:(ပတ်မကြီး) - a big drum suspended from a pole frame depicting a mythical
194:
ensemble dates to the 1600s, coinciding with the
Burmese invasion of the
582:
537:
506:
481:
476:
425:
412:) - entryway made in the panels, forming the framework of a drum-circle
163:
111:
78:
737:
587:
434:
349:
157:
729:
496:(ရုပ်သေးဆိုင်း) - accompanies classical marionette (puppetry) shows
760:
Burma/Myanmar in
Transition: Connectivity, CHanges, and Challenges
430:
242:
198:, which may have introduced additional instruments, principally a
173:
104:
18:
442:
264:
260:
81:
musicians. The ensemble's principal instruments, including the
549:
puppet performances, are accompanied by the music of the
937:
875:"WORLD MUSIC REVIEW; From Myanmar, Sounds That Surprise"
247:
A 19th-century watercolor depicting components of the
502:(နတ်ဆိုင်း) - accompanies spirit propitiation rituals
286:(ကြေးဝိုင်း) - small bronze gongs in a circular frame
296:made of larger bronze gongs in a rectangular frame
441:ensemble also includes a crescent-shaped brass
63:(မြန်မာ့ဆိုင်း), is a traditional Burmese folk
616:. Oxford University Press. pp. 312–313.
8:
642:The Oxford Handbook of Sound and Imagination
397:
364:
303:
93:, each play variations on a single melody (
511:(အငြိမ့်ဆိုင်း) - accompanies traditional
357:(စခွန့်) - a double-headed drum on a stand
612:Fletcher, Peter; Laurence Picken (2004).
214:instruments are shared instead with the
753:"Dynamics Of The Myanmar Drum Ensemble"
599:
484:competitions, and pagoda commemorations
190:The earliest pictorial evidence of the
724:(1). University of Texas Press: 1–28.
560:By contrast, classical singing of the
557:) during the course of a performance.
480:), ear-piercing ceremonies, funerals,
161:, and in Cambodia, where it is called
77:similar to the one used by Indonesian
901:
899:
711:
709:
707:
705:
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125:of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and the
48:
7:
843:
841:
667:
665:
663:
661:
635:
633:
607:
605:
603:
850:Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre
578:Myanmar National Symphony Orchestra
145:ensemble's principal instrument, a
26:ensemble is seen behind the singers
178:A 19th century watercolor depicts
14:
227:During the British colonial era,
917:from the original on 2019-04-17
885:from the original on 2016-03-06
827:from the original on 2023-03-24
798:from the original on 2020-02-04
769:from the original on 2018-11-23
683:from the original on 2020-06-09
541:dance performances, as well as
75:hemitonic and anhemitonic scale
673:"Southeast Asian arts - Music"
429:, a Burmese xylophone, or the
379:) - a set of eight tuned drums
1:
935:Sturman, Janet (2019-02-26).
224:, indicating shared origins.
61:Burmese traditional orchestra
16:Burmese folk musical ensemble
907:"Burmese Hsaing and Anyein"
873:Pareles, Jon (2003-12-15).
644:. Oxford University Press.
988:
848:Liu, Siyuan (2016-02-05).
821:masterpieces.asemus.museum
115:of western Indonesia; the
182:musicians accompanying a
41:
788:"မြန်မာ့အနုသုခမ အဘိဓာန်"
324:(နှဲ) - double reed oboe
677:Encyclopedia Britannica
206:. However, the Burmese
59:), commonly dubbed the
423:the Burmese harp, the
252:
187:
130:
27:
939:. SAGE Publications.
246:
177:
108:
50:[sʰáiɰ̃wáiɰ̃]
22:
751:Tun, Cathy (2015).
318:) - wooden clappers
292:(မောင်းဆိုင်း) - a
972:Culture of Myanmar
879:The New York Times
253:
188:
186:drama performance.
131:
28:
946:978-1-4833-1774-8
859:978-1-317-27885-6
651:978-0-19-046016-7
623:978-0-19-517507-3
196:Ayutthaya Kingdom
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967:Music of Myanmar
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363:(ခြောက်လုံးပတ်,
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73:musicians use a
65:musical ensemble
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459:Music from the
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407:lord's entrance
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336:(ဝါး) - clapper
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239:Instrumentation
141:societies. The
139:Southeast Asian
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5:
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794:(in Burmese).
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730:10.2307/834011
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527:Musical styles
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448:la gyan hsaing
414:
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380:
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348:(လင်းကွင်း) -
343:
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313:bamboo clapper
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852:. Routledge.
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531:Music of the
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494:Yokthe hsaing
492:
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472:Bala hsaing (
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454:
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445:chime called
444:
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436:
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362:
361:Chauk lon pat
359:
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347:
344:
341:
338:
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332:
330:(စည်း) - bell
329:
326:
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302:(ဝါးလက်ခုပ်,
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68:
66:
62:
58:
57:
53:; also spelt
51:
39:
35:
34:
25:
21:
936:
930:
919:. Retrieved
911:Asia Society
910:
887:. Retrieved
878:
868:
849:
829:. Retrieved
820:
811:
800:. Retrieved
791:
782:
771:. Retrieved
759:
746:
721:
717:
685:. Retrieved
676:
641:
613:
565:
559:
551:hsaing waing
550:
536:
533:hsaing waing
532:
530:
521:hsaing waing
520:
518:
515:performances
512:
505:
499:
493:
488:Zat hsaing (
487:
475:
471:
465:hsaing waing
464:
461:hsaing waing
460:
458:
451:in Burmese.
446:
439:hsaing waing
438:
424:
417:
415:
396:(မင်းပေါက်,
393:
386:
382:
360:
354:
345:
339:
333:
327:
321:
299:
290:Maung hsaing
289:
283:
277:
276:(ပတ်ဝိုင်း)
271:
257:hsaing waing
256:
254:
249:hsaing waing
248:
233:glass mosaic
226:
220:ensemble of
215:
212:hsaing waing
211:
208:hsaing waing
207:
203:
192:hsaing waing
191:
189:
183:
180:hsaing waing
179:
168:
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156:
150:
143:hsaing waing
142:
135:hsaing waing
134:
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127:hsaing waing
126:
122:
116:
110:
90:
86:
82:
71:Hsaing waing
70:
69:
60:
55:
54:
42:ဆိုင်းဝိုင်း
33:hsaing waing
32:
31:
29:
24:Hsaing waing
23:
718:Asian Music
523:ensembles.
467:ensembles:
147:drum circle
95:heterophony
56:saing waing
961:Categories
921:2020-05-04
889:2017-02-19
831:2020-04-30
802:2020-05-04
773:2020-05-04
687:2020-05-04
594:References
566:saung gauk
547:marionette
500:Nat hsaing
419:saung gauk
388:pyinsarupa
383:Pat ma gyi
300:Wa letkhot
294:gong chime
278:or pat lon
222:Mon origin
217:piphat mon
200:gong chime
46:pronounced
543:nat gadaw
374:six drums
342:(စည်းတို)
284:Kyi waing
273:Pat waing
251:ensemble.
229:Sein Beda
204:kyi waing
169:pat waing
152:pat waing
129:of Burma.
118:kulintang
87:kyi waing
83:pat waing
915:Archived
883:Archived
825:Archived
796:Archived
764:Archived
681:Archived
572:See also
562:Mahāgīta
555:ostinato
394:Min pauk
583:Pinpeat
538:Anyeint
513:anyeint
507:Anyeint
482:lethwei
477:shinbyu
426:pattala
401:
368:
350:cymbals
346:Lingwin
307:
202:called
184:zat pwe
164:pinpeat
149:called
112:gamelan
101:Origins
79:gamelan
38:Burmese
943:
856:
738:834011
736:
648:
620:
588:Piphat
509:hsaing
435:violin
355:Sakhun
158:piphat
123:piphat
89:, and
817:"VCM"
792:WAING
767:(PDF)
756:(PDF)
734:JSTOR
455:Types
431:piano
340:Si to
265:drums
261:gongs
941:ISBN
854:ISBN
646:ISBN
618:ISBN
545:and
443:gong
433:and
398:lit.
365:lit.
304:lit.
263:and
255:The
133:The
30:The
726:doi
322:Hne
97:).
91:hne
963::
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909:.
898:^
881:.
877:.
840:^
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790:.
762:.
758:.
732:.
722:16
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632:^
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334:Wa
328:Si
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892:.
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776:.
740:.
728::
690:.
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626:.
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36:(
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