29:
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was formed in Italy to preserve and promote the
Italian Heavy Draft. The association is charged with maintaining the stud book, evaluating breeding stock, granting equine passports, maintaining genetic databases, and exhibiting the breed. The main breeding areas for the Italian Heavy Draft are in the
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standards set by the breed registry are branded with a design of a ladder with five pegs enclosed by a shield. Foals are examined twice, at between two and seven months and again two and a half years. Horses passing the first evaluation are branded on the left hindquarter; those that pass the second
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was formed, and population numbers continued to rise until the beginning of World War II. Breeding programs suffered during the war, and despite care afterward, population numbers continued to dwindle as increasing mechanization decreased the need for draft horses. In the 1970s, selective breeding
238:
Despite the
Italian Heavy Draft's early popularity as a strong but fast draft horse, increasing mechanization in the farming and military sectors reduced the need for all draft horses, and population numbers declined. In the 1970s, selection processes were changed to focus on the production of
295:
for the military. The breed's docility, size, strength, and speed made it extremely useful for
Italian farmers before the introduction of mechanization. It is still used for farming in a few areas where mechanization is impractical. The mares are also still used for the production of
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are fairly pronounced and muscular, the chest broad and deep, and the shoulders sloping. The back is straight and short, the flanks short and rounded, with a sloping croup. The legs are short, with broad joints and smallish, though well-formed, hooves. It closely resembles the
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blood were added. However, the resulting horse was still not exactly what its creators were looking for, and in the 19th century they added more Breton blood to the mix, bringing the breed to its current conformation and
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was begun, and selection processes were developed to select horses for use in draft capacities. The breeding programs suffered during World War II, but a careful crossbreeding program with
Ardennes,
272:. In 2005, it was estimated that there were just under 6,500 Italian Heavy Drafts, about half of which were mares. The registered population at the end of 2010 was 6304, with the largest numbers in
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that included native
Italian stock and imported horses, all mainly of draft type. Its versatility has led to its use in both agricultural and military capacities, as well as for the production of
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in color, the breed is known for its combination of strength and speed. Its development traces to 1860 and continued through the late 19th and early 20th centuries as breeders utilized a mix of
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horses. While the resulting horses were strong, they were not light or fast enough for the farm work required of them by the
Italians. To make the breed lighter and faster,
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No modern trace remains of the slower
Italian Slow Heavy Draft Horse, the Cavallo Italiano da Tiro Pesante Lento, subject of a biometric and morphological study in 1939.
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The
Italian Heavy Draft was originally bred to be a versatile horse used in agriculture, urban settings, and military capacities, as well as for the production of large
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304:. Italy is one of the top global consumers of horse meat; consumption jumped by 31 percent between 2001 and 2006. Eleven- to eighteen-month-old
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176:. The head is light for a draft breed, with a straight or slightly convex profile, and it is set on a short, broad and muscular neck. The
717:
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Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively
Italian.
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Il cavallo italiano da tiro pesante lento. Studio biometrico e determinazione dei caratteri tipici per la iscrizione al Libro genealogico
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160:(58 and 63 inches, 147 and 160 cm) high, and weighs between 1,320 and 1,540 pounds (600 and 700 kg). They are generally
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breed, which was used heavily in the creation of the
Italian Heavy Draft. Although larger, it also bears a resemblance to the
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Selection for what eventually became the Italian Heavy Draft was begun in 1860 at the Deposito Cavalli Stalloni (military
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576:"Physicochemical properties of meat of Italian Heavy Draft horses slaughtered at the age of eleven months"
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451:(in Italian). Associazione Nazionale Allevatori del Cavallo Agricolo Italiano da TPR. 2006
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and Breton horses after the war brought the Italian Heavy Draft to its current state.
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Associazione Nazionale Allevatori del Cavallo Agricolo Italiano da Tiro Pesante Rapido
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archive of the Istituto di Incremento Ippico (formerly Deposito Stalloni) of Crema
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427:. Associazione Nazionale Allevatori del Cavallo Agricolo Italiano da TPR. 2006
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400:(1st American ed.). New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 258–259.
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production, which today remains the primary use of the Italian Heavy Draft.
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210:. The breed was originally developed by crossing native stock with large
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The Italian Heavy Draft generally stands between 14.2 and 15.3
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189:, also developed in northern Italy. Horses that meet the breed
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considered in Italy to be wholly or partly of Italian origin.
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445:
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280:; the number of unregistered Heavy Drafts is not reported.
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Tateo, A.; De Palo, P.; Ceci, E.; Centoducati, P. (2008).
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The Horse Breeders Association of the Italian Heavy Draft
502:"Programma Di Sviluppo Rurale Per Il Veneto 2007–2013"
144:goals were changed to produce a horse suitable for
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50:
38:
473:
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107:from Italy. The full Italian name of the breed is
334:Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies
109:Cavallo Agricolo Italiano da Tiro Pesante Rapido
42:Cavallo Agricolo Italiano da Tiro Pesante Rapido
194:are marked again on the left side of the neck.
627:Italian Heavy Draft/TPR Stallions at 30 months
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372:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 239.
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370:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
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422:"The Italian Heavy Draught Horse (CAITP)"
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338:. Simon & Schuster, Inc. Entry 108.
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476:The Encyclopedia of Horses and Ponies
168:mane and tail), although they may be
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718:Cavallo Romano della Maremma Laziale
556:Possibly unpublished, listed in the
449:(Click L'Anacaitpr, then Chi Siamo)
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867:Horse breeds originating in Italy
507:(in Italian). Regione del Veneto
396:Edwards, Elwyn Hartley (1994).
33:Italian Heavy Drafts in harness
1:
398:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
308:are preferred for slaughter.
735:(TPR or Tiro Pesante Rapido)
330:Bongianni, Maurizio (1988).
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368:Hendricks, Bonnie (2007).
46:Italian Agricultural Horse
838:
682:
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580:Journal of Animal Science
472:Pickeral, Tamsin (2000).
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63:
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550:Braccini, Paolo (1939).
248:plains and hills around
698:Avelignese tradizionale
560:, list archived in the
531:(in Italian). ANACAITPR
425:(Click English summary)
446:"Chi Siamo (About Us)"
117:Italian pronunciation:
741:(Trottatore Italiano)
663:Horse breeds of Italy
593:10.2527/jas.2007-0629
152:Breed characteristics
133:foundation bloodstock
842:List of horse breeds
810:Sardinian Anglo-Arab
785:Purosangue Orientale
83:Equus ferus caballus
733:Italian Heavy Draft
121:[tipiˈɛrre]
97:Italian Heavy Draft
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22:Italian Heavy Draft
820:Siciliano Indigeno
526:"Consistenze 2010"
124:)) is often used.
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379:978-0-8061-3884-8
245:breed association
101:Rapid Heavy Draft
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51:Country of origin
44:Rapid Heavy Draft
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673:horse breeds
622:(in Italian)
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564:7 March 2012
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480:. Parragon.
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239:animals for
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191:conformation
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790:Salernitano
728:Giara horse
694:(Haflinger)
687:Appenninico
105:draft horse
39:Other names
856:Categories
765:Neapolitan
703:Bardigiano
692:Avelignese
511:2011-01-02
455:2011-01-02
431:2011-01-02
312:References
241:horse meat
220:Boulonnais
127:Generally
825:Tolfetano
805:Sarcidano
750:Maremmano
745:Lipizzano
708:Calabrese
233:Percheron
229:stud book
216:Percheron
187:Haflinger
141:stud book
830:Ventasso
795:Samolaco
602:18245501
535:31 March
170:red roan
162:chestnut
129:chestnut
780:Persano
770:Noriker
760:Murgese
266:Treviso
258:Vicenza
212:Brabant
198:History
178:withers
775:Pentro
713:Catria
600:
484:
404:
376:
342:
278:Umbria
262:Venice
254:Padova
250:Verona
183:Breton
166:flaxen
529:(PDF)
505:(PDF)
306:foals
298:mules
293:mules
274:Lazio
270:Udine
225:gaits
206:) of
172:, or
158:hands
137:mules
99:, or
54:Italy
598:PMID
537:2011
482:ISBN
402:ISBN
374:ISBN
340:ISBN
302:meat
287:Uses
276:and
268:and
218:and
204:stud
146:meat
95:The
588:doi
174:bay
113:TPR
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