404:
392:
380:
368:
280:
188:
340:
232:
161:
220:
174:
351:
200:
430:
328:
316:
304:
257:
148:
48:
1459:
The Treaty of Lyon was signed on 31 January 1504 between Louis XII of France and
Ferdinand II of Aragon. Based on the terms of the treaty, France ceded Naples to the Hispanic Monarchy. Moreover, France and Spain defined their respective control of Italian territories. France controlled northern Italy
1307:
However, tensions soon emerged within the Franco-Venetian alliance over Pisa; while the
Venetians preferred an independent Pisa as a way to weaken Florence, Louis needed Florentine support for his attack on Naples. With help from Emperor Maximilian, Ludovico recruited an army of 20,000 mercenaries
1320:, remaining in French dungeons until his death in 1508. For the next thirteen years, French possession of Milan gave them a base form which to intervene directly in Italy. Despite defeating Ludovico, Louis XII viewed his brief but violent restoration as inspired by
1438:
on 29 December, the
Spanish prevailed. Attacking the French army that was still resting and relaxing after their Christmas festivities from the north at the village of Sujo, the Spanish scored a decisive and war-ending victory. The French army under Italian ally,
1077:
agree that the dowry of Louis XII's daughter, Claude, in marriage to
Maximilian's grandson, the future emperor Charles V, would include Milan and Burgundy. In return, Maximilian agrees to recognize Louis XII as the duke of Milan. The union never happens.
1429:
on 13 February 1503. Chronic in-fighting between the
Italian and French knights, as well as a better supply-line guaranteed by the Spanish navy, gave Cordoba and his Spanish army the upper hand against the French, who were defeated at
461:
1424:
Later, the conflict became characterized by short skirmishes. During this campaign, a French knight, Charles de la Motte, was captured by
Spanish forces and later used as a hostage after declaring his famous
1336:
As the summer campaign season of the year 1500 neared, Louis XII became worried about the intentions of newly unified Spain as he moved further into Italy, drawing his forces eastward. The
Spanish monarchs
1142:
in
January 1494, she asked for his help in securing their rights. In September Charles invaded the peninsula, which he justified by claiming he wanted to use Naples as a base for a crusade against the
1392:(1512) that the partition of the Mezzogiorno between the houses of Aragon and Orléans neglected to take into account the economic system of a region dominated by sheep-rearing and its concomitant
2250:
1316:. Despite disguising himself as a Swiss pikeman to evade imprisonment by the French, Sforza was betrayed by his own men and turned over to the French on April 15 and sent into captivity at
671:
454:
1349:
between Louis XII and the
Italian powers. They might invade France from the west, while Louis XII had his armies in Italy, and thus involve Louis in a war on two fronts. In the
894:, which remained in French hands for the next thirteen years. His invasion of Naples in 1501 eventually led to war with Ferdinand of Aragon, who expelled the French in 1504.
1421:, redressed some of the imbalance in arms the Spanish had with the French. Cordoba avoided encounter with the enemy at first, hoping to lure the French into complacency.
565:
447:
1081:
12 October 1505: Treaty of Blois (1505) (2nd treaty of Blois) Louis XII of France renounces his claim to Naples, leaving the kingdom in control of
Ferdinand of Aragon.
2459:
2449:
947:
September 1499: Venetian invasion of the Duchy of Milan and anti-Sforza revolt inside the city of Milan; the rebels opened the gates to the Venetian army commanded by
2464:
2454:
2414:
1989:
1312:
from the French on 21 March. However, his inability to pay his troops meant this success proved short-lived and on April 10 Ludovico's army was annihilated at the
2439:
2394:
2389:
664:
408:
1294:, while the French entered Milan on 6 October 1499. Following his victory, Louis' Franco-Visconti heraldry and name were painted over the Sforza arms at the
2379:
2444:
2409:
1186:
1413:
lacked numeric superiority, but was able to apply the lessons learned in 1495 against the Swiss infantry that France employed; moreover, the Spanish
1440:
805:
657:
2364:
1443:
was destroyed, with about 4,000 of just over 15,000 soldiers killed at Garigliano, leaving Louis XII forced to abandon his current ambitions in
558:
2245:
2231:
2159:
2092:
1999:
396:
1131:
827:
332:
320:
1244:
638:
758:
2111:
2073:
2045:
1978:
2349:
384:
2262:
2206:
2187:
551:
1291:
1074:
738:
2469:
2344:
2374:
2384:
1883:
1472:
1434:
on 28 April 1503. At the first battle of Garigliano on November 8, a superior French force beat back the Spanish but in a
1353:, signed by Louis and Ferdinand on 11 November 1500, the two agreed Louis would become King of Naples and gain control of
1251:
along with lands on the eastern bank of the Adda, and agreed to pay part of Louis' expenses. They would also supply 1,500
800:
753:
1189:. His lawyers also asserted that Milan naturally belonged to the French since it had been founded by their ancestors the
1099:
887:
731:
726:
721:
711:
696:
627:
622:
617:
607:
587:
1523:
706:
597:
1435:
1324:
and led him to deeply distrust the Holy See end up with France openly hostile and attempting to depose the next pope,
1063:
716:
612:
532:
2399:
768:
1134:. Despite being the hereditary Duke of Milan, Gian Galeazzo had been sidelined by his uncle in 1481 and exiled to
1049:
1026:
522:
2434:
2424:
2404:
1350:
1216:, which was supported by Milan. Doing so had proved extremely expensive while Venice was also concerned by the
1021:
993:
2272:
1971:
War, domination, and the Monarchy of France: Claude de Seyssel and the language of politics in the Renaissance
1396:. Within two years, differences over the allocation of the disputed areas led to war between the two powers.
2429:
2419:
2303:
1313:
1221:
1107:
986:
743:
495:
1464:
1385:
1381:
1338:
1287:
1267:
1154:
1150:
1111:
1070:
948:
927:
920:
912:
876:
372:
354:
113:
1239:
river, which Louis considered excessive, while Venice rejected a French request for a subsidy of 100,000
2369:
1426:
1342:
1115:
1035:
996:, secret plan between Ferdinand II of Aragon and Louis XII of France to partition the Kingdom of Naples.
517:
203:
1743:
1213:
1139:
1127:
958:
490:
1480:
1431:
1224:
was open to an alliance with France to remove Ludovico, although some members disagreed, including
1178:
1166:
1138:. Both women wanted to ensure their children inherited the Duchy and when Isabella's father became
1056:
1007:
1000:
890:, Louis was determined to pursue French claims to Milan and Naples and in October 1499 he captured
864:
810:
790:
527:
500:
308:
53:
350:
199:
2317:
2282:
2138:
2016:
1410:
1296:
1225:
1201:
979:
5 February 1500: Ludovico Sforza's Swiss mercenary army retook the city of Milan from the French.
868:
179:
2038:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015
1123:
795:
1290:, his troops quickly over-ran the duchy. Ludovico and his children took refuge in Germany with
2258:
2241:
2227:
2202:
2183:
2155:
2107:
2088:
2069:
2041:
1995:
1974:
1504:
1488:
1468:
1321:
1317:
1283:
1271:
1256:
1158:
1119:
963:
880:
780:
429:
327:
315:
303:
262:
237:
153:
2268:
2130:
2121:
Lynn, John A (1994). "Recalculating French Army Growth during the Grand Siecle, 1610-1715".
1484:
1476:
1209:
785:
1153:
quickly regained his kingdom. He did so with support from his distant Trastamaran relative
2330:
2295:
2028:
1358:
1103:
973:
941:
872:
748:
763:
2307:
1300:, while portraits of French kings replaced those of the Sforza family in the library at
17:
1526:
would erupt in 1508 over grievances between Venice and the many other regional powers.
1325:
1260:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1182:
1162:
1042:
860:
815:
512:
284:
224:
192:
94:
47:
1122:
as a pretext. This in turn was driven by the intense rivalry between Ludovico's wife,
2358:
1922:
1275:
1143:
969:
602:
344:
1491:
would receive as dowry the Duchy of Milan, Genoa and its dependencies, the Duchy of
1393:
1377:
1255:
and 4,000 infantry for an attack on Milan from the east and allow Louis to capture
1236:
820:
691:
575:
339:
166:
39:
1487:. If the King Louis XII were to die without producing a male heir, Charles of the
1149:
Although Charles conquered Naples with relative ease, after his return to France,
1950:
1522:
Conflict would not leave Italy for long; the next phase of the Italian Wars, the
1508:
1418:
1252:
1165:
as a threat. In September 1496, Ferdinand of Naples was succeeded by his uncle
1409:
When the conflict broke out again in the second half of 1502, Spanish General
1010:
abdicated the Neapolitan throne after Franco-Aragonese forces occupied Naples.
773:
1467:
of 22 September 1504 concerned the proposed marriage between Charles of the
1308:
and retook Milan on 5 February 1500; his army then moved north and captured
930:, secret alliance between France and Venice to partition the Duchy of Milan.
916:
439:
1235:
In their initial talks, the Venetians demanded lands on both sides of the
1177:
Charles VIII died on 7 April 1498 and was succeeded by his second cousin
1492:
1448:
1366:
902:
This is an overview of notable events including battles during the wars.
1516:
1512:
1362:
1279:
1248:
1038:. Italian knights in Spanish service won a duel against French knights.
2142:
1373:; the territories between were to be shared along with their revenue.
649:
1444:
1370:
1354:
1309:
105:
1181:, who inherited the Angevin claim to Naples while also claiming the
2134:
1384:
abdicated in favour of Louis and died in French captivity in 1504;
1500:
1301:
1274:
approved the invasion of Milan in exchange for the French backing
1240:
1190:
1135:
891:
77:
982:
21 March 1500: The Sforzescan army retook Novara from the French.
2224:
España Estratégica. Guerra y Diplomacia en la Historia de España
1496:
1259:. In return, France promised to provide military support if the
1194:
118:
Division of Northern and Southern Italy between France and Spain
1854:
1852:
1839:
1837:
919:. Louis had participated in the previous war, primarily in the
915:
died and was succeeded by his cousin Louis, Duke of Orléans as
653:
547:
543:
443:
1824:
1822:
1785:
1783:
1744:"The Italian War (1521–1526) - Four Years War - About History"
1380:, nominal overlord of the Kingdom of Naples. On 25 July 1501,
1460:
from Milan and Spain controlled Sicily and southern Italy.
954:
6 October 1499: The French army entered the city of Milan.
56:, the first battle in history won by gunpowder small arms.
2066:
Milan Undone: Contested Sovereignties in the Italian Wars
843:
are divided into two connected, but distinct phases: the
1905:
1903:
1678:
1676:
27:
Second & Third phase of the Italian Wars (1499–1504)
1220:
threat to their maritime possessions. As a result, the
1591:
1589:
1576:
1574:
1376:On 25 June 1500, these terms were approved by Pope
1263:attacked Venice while they were at war with Milan.
2350:Chronology of More Recent Times: 1501 AD – 1600 AD
859:. The first phase was fought for control of the
1988:Campbell, Gordon (2005). "Blois, treaties of".
32:
2312:. Venezia, Tip. del commercio di M. Visentini.
1073:(1st Treaty of Blois) Louis XII of France and
1447:and, on 2 January 1504, the king withdrew to
665:
559:
455:
8:
2257:. New York: World Publishing Company, 1968.
2199:The First and Second Italian Wars, 1494-1504
2238:Batallas Decisivas de la Historia de España
1858:
1843:
1813:
1643:
1631:
1565:
2150:Mallett, Michael; Shaw, Christine (2012).
1828:
1789:
1541:
1066:. Spanish victory over France and Saluzzo.
672:
658:
650:
566:
552:
544:
462:
448:
440:
46:
29:
2178:Phillips, Charles; Axelrod, Alan (2005).
1595:
1580:
2460:16th-century military history of France
2450:15th-century military history of France
1655:
1619:
1534:
1417:, accustomed to close combat after the
944:and his family fled Milan to Innsbruck.
2465:16th-century military history of Spain
2455:15th-century military history of Spain
2415:15th century in the Republic of Venice
2326:
2315:
2291:
2280:
2024:
2014:
1923:"League of Cambrai | European history"
1909:
1870:
1774:
1694:
1682:
989:. French victory over Ludovico Sforza.
2440:15th century in the Kingdom of Naples
2395:Wars involving the Republic of Venice
2309:La spedizione di Carlo VIII in Italia
1801:
1762:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1667:
1607:
1270:was signed on 9 February 1499, while
1204:, then the leading military power in
7:
2390:Wars involving the Kingdom of Naples
1991:The Oxford Dictionary of Renaissance
1553:
957:19 December 1499 – 12 January 1500:
2104:Historical Atlas of the Renaissance
1212:in its fight for independence from
1157:, who as ruler of the neighbouring
2201:. Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books.
2059:(in Italian). Giorgio de' Cavalli.
1345:were known to be fearful of a new
25:
2380:Wars involving the Duchy of Milan
1365:while Ferdinand was made Duke of
2445:16th century in the Papal States
2410:15th century in the Papal States
2087:. University of Michigan Press.
1282:. Louis hired a strong force of
1245:Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
847:(1499–1501), sometimes known as
428:
402:
390:
378:
366:
349:
338:
326:
314:
302:
278:
255:
230:
218:
198:
186:
172:
159:
146:
104:Spanish Victory, Spain acquires
2222:Batista González, Juan (2007).
1519:, Mâconnais and Bar-sur-Seine.
1193:, as stated by Roman historian
875:, the second between Louis and
93:French victory Conquest of the
1059:. Spanish victory over France.
1052:. Spanish victory over France.
1045:. Spanish victory over France.
935:Second Italian War (1499–1501)
1:
2277:. presso Giorgio de' Caualli.
1884:"Heritage History - Products"
1015:Third Italian War (1502–1504)
33:Second and Third Italian Wars
2236:Losada, Juan Carlos (2006).
2068:. Harvard University Press.
2036:Clodfelter, Micheal (2017).
1524:War of the League of Cambrai
1208:. Venice had been financing
1031:. French victory over Spain.
2182:. New York: Facts on File.
2152:The Italian Wars: 1494–1559
1994:. Oxford University Press.
1969:Boone, Rebecca Ard (2007).
1243:. Under a deal brokered by
1161:viewed French expansion in
1114:to invade Italy, using the
1064:Battle of Garigliano (1503)
2486:
2169:Pellegrini, Marco (2009).
2055:Corio, Bernardino (1565).
968:. Franco-Papal victory by
2365:Italian Wars of 1499–1504
2123:French Historical Studies
1200:Louis now approached the
1126:, and that of his nephew
1050:Battle of Seminara (1503)
1022:Battle of Seminara (1502)
841:Italian Wars of 1499–1504
687:
636:
583:
481:
473:Italian Wars of 1499–1504
422:
417:
292:
132:
60:
45:
37:
2085:France: A Modern History
2083:Guérard, Albert (1959).
1955:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1888:www.heritage-history.com
1185:through his grandmother
1100:Italian War of 1494–1498
1075:Maximilian I of Habsburg
994:Treaty of Granada (1500)
888:Italian War of 1494–1498
886:In the aftermath of the
333:Bérault Stuart d'Aubigny
18:Italian War of 1499-1504
2345:Political Events – 1504
2251:Montgomery, Bernard Law
2197:Romane, Julian (2020).
2102:Konstam, Angus (2004).
1949:Augustyn, Adam (2024).
1927:Encyclopedia Britannica
1859:Mallett & Shaw 2012
1844:Mallett & Shaw 2012
1814:Mallett & Shaw 2012
1644:Mallett & Shaw 2012
1632:Mallett & Shaw 2012
1566:Mallett & Shaw 2012
987:Battle of Novara (1500)
849:Louis XII's Italian War
2470:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1386:Francesco Guicciardini
1382:Frederick IV of Naples
1332:Franco-Spanish efforts
1288:Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
1155:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1151:Ferdinand II of Naples
1112:Charles VIII of France
1071:Treaty of Blois (1504)
949:Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
928:Treaty of Blois (1499)
921:Siege of Novara (1495)
913:Charles VIII of France
879:for possession of the
877:Ferdinand II of Aragon
373:Ferdinand the Catholic
355:Ludovico II of Saluzzo
293:Commanders and leaders
2375:Wars involving France
2173:. Bologna: Il Mulino.
2154:. Pearson Education.
1427:Challenge of Barletta
1247:, Venice was granted
1036:Challenge of Barletta
204:Marquisate of Saluzzo
2385:Wars involving Spain
2274:L'Historia di Milano
2255:A History of Warfare
2240:. Punto de Lectura.
2180:Encyclopedia of Wars
2064:Gagné, John (2021).
2057:L'Historia di Milano
1441:Francesco de Gonzaga
1390:Discorso di Logrogno
1140:Alfonso II of Naples
1128:Gian Galeazzo Sforza
640:Full list of battles
1179:Louis XII of France
1069:22 September 1504:
1057:Battle of Cerignola
1008:Frederick of Naples
906:Prelude (1498–1499)
865:Louis XII of France
681:Franco-Spanish wars
397:Fernando de Andrade
309:Louis XII of France
90:Second Italian War
54:Battle of Cerignola
2325:Unknown parameter
2290:Unknown parameter
2171:Le guerre d'Italia
1495:, the counties of
1411:Gonzalo de Cordoba
1388:points out in the
1297:Castello Sforzesco
1292:Emperor Maximilian
1226:Agostino Barbarigo
1202:Republic of Venice
1187:Valentina Visconti
1132:Isabella of Aragon
1089:Second Italian War
1062:29 December 1503:
1041:23 February 1503:
1034:13 February 1503:
1020:25 December 1502:
992:11 November 1500:
940:1 September 1499:
869:Republic of Venice
863:by an alliance of
845:Second Italian War
485:Second Italian War
385:Gonzalo de Córdoba
273:: War over Naples
250:: War over Naples
212:Second Italian War
140:Second Italian War
101:Third Italian War
2400:Conflicts in 1499
2246:978-84-663-1484-8
2232:978-84-7737-183-0
2161:978-0-582-05758-6
2106:. Facts on File.
2094:978-0-582-05758-6
2001:978-0-19-860175-3
1861:, pp. 68–69.
1846:, pp. 64–65.
1831:, pp. 67–68.
1792:, pp. 63–65.
1733:, pp. 82–86.
1670:, pp. 28–29.
1505:Duchy of Burgundy
1489:House of Habsburg
1469:House of Habsburg
1400:Third Italian War
1351:Treaty of Granada
1322:Pope Alexander VI
1318:Lys-Saint-Georges
1284:Swiss mercenaries
1272:Pope Alexander VI
1159:Kingdom of Sicily
1120:Kingdom of Naples
985:8–10 April 1500:
926:9 February 1499:
881:Kingdom of Naples
853:Third Italian War
836:
835:
647:
646:
598:League of Cambrai
541:
540:
507:Third Italian War
438:
437:
271:Third Italian War
248:Third Italian War
128:
127:
16:(Redirected from
2477:
2334:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2313:
2299:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2269:Bernardino Corio
2212:
2193:
2174:
2165:
2146:
2117:
2098:
2079:
2060:
2051:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1984:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1832:
1826:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1646:, p. 42–44.
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1485:Anne of Brittany
1477:Claude of France
1314:Battle of Novara
1030:
967:
682:
674:
667:
660:
651:
613:League of Cognac
578:
568:
561:
554:
545:
476:
474:
464:
457:
450:
441:
433:
432:
409:Diego de Mendoza
407:
406:
405:
395:
394:
393:
383:
382:
381:
371:
370:
369:
353:
343:
342:
331:
330:
319:
318:
307:
306:
283:
282:
281:
261:
259:
258:
236:
234:
233:
223:
222:
221:
202:
191:
190:
189:
178:
176:
175:
165:
163:
162:
152:
150:
149:
62:
61:
50:
30:
21:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2435:1500s in France
2425:1490s in France
2405:1500s conflicts
2355:
2354:
2341:
2324:
2314:
2302:
2289:
2279:
2267:
2219:
2217:Further reading
2209:
2196:
2190:
2177:
2168:
2162:
2149:
2120:
2114:
2101:
2095:
2082:
2076:
2063:
2054:
2048:
2035:
2023:
2013:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1987:
1981:
1968:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1835:
1829:Pellegrini 2009
1827:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1790:Pellegrini 2009
1788:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1610:, p. 1029.
1606:
1602:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1542:Clodfelter 2017
1540:
1536:
1532:
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974:Caterina Sforza
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41:
36:
31:
19:
2370:Italian Wars
2308:
2304:Marin Sanudo
2273:
2254:
2237:
2223:
2198:
2179:
2170:
2151:
2126:
2122:
2103:
2084:
2065:
2056:
2037:
2005:. Retrieved
1990:
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1954:
1930:. Retrieved
1926:
1917:
1891:. Retrieved
1887:
1878:
1866:
1809:
1797:
1770:
1758:
1747:. Retrieved
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1663:
1656:Guérard 1959
1651:
1639:
1627:
1620:Konstam 2004
1615:
1603:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1521:
1462:
1458:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1394:transhumance
1389:
1378:Alexander VI
1375:
1346:
1335:
1306:
1295:
1265:
1234:
1199:
1176:
1148:
1097:
1084:
901:
885:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
838:
701:
692:Italian Wars
639:
592:
576:Italian Wars
523:2nd Seminara
471:
423:
270:
269:
247:
246:
211:
210:
167:Papal States
139:
138:
133:Belligerents
40:Italian Wars
38:Part of the
1951:"Louis XII"
1910:Romane 2020
1871:Romane 2020
1775:Romane 2020
1695:Romane 2020
1683:Romane 2020
1509:Viceroyalty
1419:Reconquista
1286:and led by
1102:began when
1025: [
962: [
108:from France
2359:Categories
1932:2021-06-07
1893:2021-06-07
1802:Boone 2007
1763:Gagné 2021
1749:2021-06-07
1731:Gagné 2021
1719:Gagné 2021
1707:Gagné 2021
1668:Gagné 2021
1608:Corio 1565
1530:References
1455:Conclusion
1110:, invited
1094:Background
851:, and the
533:Garigliano
2329:ignored (
2318:cite book
2294:ignored (
2283:cite book
2226:. Sílex.
2027:ignored (
2017:cite book
1973:. Brill.
1554:Lynn 1994
1517:Auxerrois
1481:Louis XII
1473:Charles V
1432:Cerignola
1339:Ferdinand
1326:Julius II
1167:Frederick
1130:, son of
917:Louis XII
816:1808–1814
811:1793–1795
801:1718–1720
796:1688–1697
791:1683–1684
786:1673–1678
781:1667–1668
774:1648–1653
769:1641–1659
764:1640–1659
759:1635–1659
754:1628–1631
744:1595–1598
739:1580–1583
732:1551–1559
727:1542–1544
722:1536–1538
717:1526–1529
712:1521–1526
707:1512–1516
702:1502–1504
697:1495–1498
628:1551–1559
623:1542–1546
618:1536–1538
608:1521–1526
593:1499–1504
588:1494–1498
528:Cerignola
68:1499–1504
2306:(1883).
2271:(1565).
1493:Brittany
1449:Lombardy
1367:Calabria
1343:Isabella
1261:Ottomans
1214:Florence
898:Timeline
871:against
867:and the
518:Barletta
418:Strength
73:Location
2007:24 July
1960:24 July
1943:Sources
1513:Auxonne
1415:tercios
1363:Abruzzi
1280:Romagna
1253:cavalry
1249:Cremona
1218:Ottoman
1116:Angevin
1106:, then
2261:
2244:
2230:
2205:
2186:
2158:
2143:286722
2141:
2110:
2091:
2072:
2044:
1998:
1977:
1507:, the
1503:, the
1475:, and
1445:Naples
1371:Apulia
1361:, and
1355:Naples
1310:Novara
1241:ducats
603:Urbino
496:Novara
263:France
260:
238:Naples
235:
195:(1500)
182:(1499)
180:Venice
177:
164:
154:France
151:
106:Naples
85:Result
2139:JSTOR
1501:Blois
1302:Pavia
1257:Genoa
1191:Gauls
1136:Pavia
1029:]
972:over
966:]
892:Milan
501:Capua
491:Forlì
424:1499:
285:Spain
193:Spain
78:Italy
2331:help
2296:help
2259:ISBN
2242:ISBN
2228:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2108:ISBN
2089:ISBN
2070:ISBN
2042:ISBN
2029:help
2009:2024
1996:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1962:2024
1499:and
1497:Asti
1483:and
1463:The
1369:and
1341:and
1266:The
1237:Adda
1232:.
1210:Pisa
1195:Livy
1098:The
839:The
828:1823
821:1815
749:1625
513:Ruvo
65:Date
52:The
2131:doi
1511:of
1197:.
883:.
2361::
2322::
2320:}}
2316:{{
2287::
2285:}}
2281:{{
2253:.
2137:.
2127:18
2125:.
2021::
2019:}}
2015:{{
1953:.
1925:.
1902:^
1886:.
1851:^
1836:^
1821:^
1782:^
1675:^
1588:^
1573:^
1515:,
1451:.
1357:,
1328:.
1304:.
1169:.
1146:.
1027:it
964:it
2333:)
2298:)
2211:.
2192:.
2164:.
2145:.
2133::
2116:.
2097:.
2078:.
2050:.
2031:)
2011:.
1983:.
1964:.
1935:.
1896:.
1752:.
1598:.
1583:.
1003:.
976:.
951:.
923:.
673:e
666:t
659:v
567:e
560:t
553:v
463:e
456:t
449:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
