291:
267:
518:
307:
1194:
77:
48:
584:
by the large amounts of beads and bracelets worn by women. Some men tattoo small patterns on their arms and legs, which are the same patterns they use to brand their animals or mark their possessions. Warrior tattoos that indicate successful head-hunts were already extinct among the "civilized" Itneg, and warriors were not distinguished with special identifying marks or clothing from the general population.
593:
Sugarcane is planted to make wine usually consumed during traditional rituals and ceremonies. Pigs and chickens are consumed for food or for religious rituals while carabaos are killed during large celebrations. Hunting wild animals and fishing is also prevalent. Eel and other freshwater fish such as paleleng and ladgo (lobster) are caught to make viands for most families.
1060:
658:
The Itnegs believe in the existence of numerous supernatural powerful beings. They believe in spirits and deities, the greatest of which they believe to be
Kadaklan who lives up in the sky and who created the earth, the moon, the stars, and the sun. The Itnegs believe in life after death, which is in
583:
Most other groups of Itneg people were already being assimilated by
Christianized lowlanders by the 19th century. Among these groups of Itneg, tattooing was not as prominent. Adult women usually tattooed their forearms with delicate patterns of blue lines, but these are usually covered up completely
420:
The Itnegs’ marriage are arranged by the parents and are usually between distant relatives in order to keep the family close-knit and the family wealth within the kinship group. The parents select a bride for their son when he is six to eight years old, and the proposal is done to the parents of the
233:
During pre-colonial times, the Itneg mostly lived near the coasts of
Northern Luzon, where they interacted closely with the Ilocanos. By the time the Spanish colonizers arrived, they had only a few inland settlements, but colonial pressures forced many of them to move inland during the sixteenth and
592:
Rice is extensively grown by the Itneg. There are two types of practices for rice cultivation namely wet-rice cultivation and swidden/kaingin. Corn is also planted as a major subsistence and as a replacement for rice. Other products consumed are camote, yams, coconut, mango, banana and vegetables.
346:
ventured to expand their reach to the settlements of Abra. The
Spaniards brought with them their culture some of which the Tangguians borrowed. More changes in their culture took place with the coming of the Americans and the introduction of education and Catholic and Protestant proselytization.
561:. The Burik Igorrotes tattoo their body in a curious manner, giving them the appearance of wearing a coat of mail. But this custom is probably now becoming obsolete, for at least those of the Igorrotes who live near the Christian natives are gradually adopting their dress and customs."
537:(1900), the author describes two subgroups of the Banao people (itself a subgroup of the Itneg or "Tinguian" people), the Busao and the Burik people, as having elaborate tattoos, though he also notes that the custom was in the process of disappearing by the time he described them:
575:
The hafted tools used by the Itneg were described as having a brush-like bundle of ten needles made of plant thorns attached to a handle made from a bent buffalo horn. The "ink" was made from soot obtained by burning a certain type of
219:
when they came to the
Philippines because they are mountain dwellers. The Tingguians are further divided into nine distinct subgroups which are the Adasen, Mabaka, Gubang, Banao, Binongon, Danak, Moyodan, Dawangan, and Inlaud/Illaud.
361:, beads, rice fields, and livestock) determine the social standing of a family or person, as well as the hosting of feasts and ceremonies. Despite the divide of social status, there is no sharp distinction between rich (
251:
1102:
467:
The Itneg people have two general types of housing. The first is a 2–3 room-dwelling surrounded by a porch and the other is a one-room house with a porch in front. Their houses are usually made of
427:) is also paid to the bride's family, with an initial payment and the rest during the actual wedding. No celebration accompanies the Itneg wedding and the guests leave right after the ceremony.
1225:
441:) that reaches to the knees and fastened by an elaborately decorated belt. They also wear short sleeved jacket on special occasions. The men, on the other hand, wear a G-string (
211:
The Itneg live in the mountainous area of Abra in northwestern Luzon who descended from immigrants from
Kalinga, Apayao, and the Northern Kankana-ey. They refer to themselves as
459:). They also wear a belt where they fasten their knife and a bamboo hat with a low, dome-shaped top. Beads are the primary adornment of the Tingguians and a sign of wealth.
1095:
290:
1218:
1088:
475:. A common feature of a Tingguian home with wooden floors is a corner with bamboo slats as flooring where mothers usually give birth. Spirit structures include
266:
601:
The
Tingguians use weapons for hunting, headhunting, and building a house, among others. Some examples of their weapons and implements are the lance or spear (
705:
Kadaklan: deity who is second in rank; taught the people how to pray, harvest their crops, ward off evil spirits, and overcome bad omens and cure sicknesses
517:
306:
1211:
653:
1840:
1876:
1779:
1255:
935:
926:
Krutak, Lars (2017). "Burik: Tattoos of the Ibaloy
Mummies of Benguet, North Luzon, Philippines". In Krutak, Lars; Deter-Wolf, Aaron (eds.).
184:
1871:
127:
805:"The Solid North myth: An Investigation on the status of dissent and human rights during the Marcos Regime in Regions 1 and 2, 1969-1986"
1866:
634:
139:
687:
Bagatulayan: the supreme deity who directs the activities of the world, including the celestial realms referred also as the Great Anito
1825:
723:
Takyayen: child of
Gaygayoma and Aponitolaul popped out between Gaygayoma's last two fingers after she asked Aponitolau to prick there
247:
864:
822:
711:
Init-init: the god of the sun married to the mortal
Aponibolinayen; during the day, he leaves his house to shine light on the world
1014:
Apostol, V. M. (2010). Way of the Ancient Healer: Sacred Teachings from the Philippine Ancestral Traditions. North Atlantic Books.
1005:
Millare, F. D. (1955). Philippine Studies Vol. 3, No. 4: The Tinguians and Their Old Form of Worship. Ateneo de Manila University.
1234:
1124:
762:
2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A: Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables), Philippines
89:
1805:
1752:
421:
girl. If accepted, the engagement is sealed by tying beads around the girl's waist as a sign of engagement. A bride price (
1774:
1769:
1835:
1810:
1193:
996:
Peraren, A. A. (1966). Tinguian Folklore and how it Mirrors Tinguian Culture and Folklife. University of San Carlos.
696:
Binongan: one of the three founders of the Tinguian's three ancient clans; daughter of Gomayen and the supreme deity
367:) and poor. Wealth is inherited but the society is open for social mobility of the citizens by virtue of hard work.
1861:
1820:
1815:
1710:
1677:
1129:
699:
Adasin: one of the three founders of the Tinguian's three ancient clans; daughter of Gomayen and the supreme deity
693:
Mabaca: one of the three founders of the Tinguian's three ancient clans; daughter of Gomayen and the supreme deity
976:
Gaioni, D. T. (1985). The Tingyans of Northern Philippines and Their Spirit World. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
243:
1071:
The Tinguian: Social, Religious, and Economic Life of a Philippine Tribe by Fay-Cooper Cole at Project Gutenberg
1830:
392:
are chosen for their wisdom and eagerness to protect the community's interest. Justice is governed by custom (
1064:
619:). Foremost among all these weapons and implements is the bolo which the Tangguians are rarely seen without.
714:
Gaygayoma: the star goddess who lowered a basket from heaven to fetch the mortal Aponitolau, who she married
192:
1045:
Demetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G., & Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books.
1442:
343:
761:
181:
881:
1326:
1076:
Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore by Fay-Cooper Cole at Project Gutenberg
741:
Aponitolau: mortal who was fetched by the star goddess Gaygayoma, despite him being already married
371:
are the only distinct group in their society, but even then it is only during ceremonial periods.
1705:
1700:
1692:
1480:
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1321:
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1080:
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1437:
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637:
135:
1881:
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1432:
1399:
1183:
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907:
790:
Himes, R. S. (1997). Reconstructions in Kalinga-Itneg. Oceanic Linguistics, 36(1), 102–134.
641:
111:
107:
1070:
234:
senventeenth century. Most of them settled in Abra, which then became the Itneg heartland.
47:
1906:
1800:
1649:
1533:
1422:
1374:
1369:
1280:
1143:
665:. They take special care to clean and adorn their dead to prepare them for the journey to
399:
188:
258:
linked Cellophil Resources Corporation on forest resources in traditionally Itneg lands.
1856:
1626:
1616:
1558:
1485:
1427:
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1364:
1346:
1306:
1296:
1291:
1178:
930:(First ed.). Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. pp. 37–55.
628:
542:
156:
103:
804:
1900:
1720:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1525:
1475:
1470:
1384:
1341:
1316:
1301:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1111:
152:
1631:
1586:
1553:
1500:
1404:
1203:
1163:
403:
255:
131:
31:
708:
Apadel (Kalagang): guardian deity and dweller of the spirit-stones called pinaing
1667:
1452:
200:
82:
1672:
1490:
1460:
338:
The Tingguians still practice their traditional ways, including wet rice and
1245:
250:
being a well-documented period of particular violence, mostly linked to the
355:
Wealth and material possessions (such as Chinese jars, copper gongs called
1059:
956:"The Tinguian: Social, Religious, and Economic Life of a Philippine Tribe"
1738:
1730:
1715:
1414:
1356:
1285:
1036:
Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co.
955:
554:
522:
1075:
960:
Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History. Anthropology Series
1682:
1659:
1641:
1621:
1601:
553:, and large copper pendants on their ears. These people do not use the
339:
281:
270:
1922: a shaman of the Itneg people renewing an offering to the spirit (
123:
1611:
1311:
550:
468:
169:
17:
823:"Anti-Cellophil struggle: A continuing source of inspiration to IPs"
545:, tattoo flowers on their arms, and in war-dress wear a cylindrical
1606:
1596:
1591:
1578:
1272:
1250:
791:
577:
558:
546:
516:
512:
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453:). On special occasions, the men also wear a long-sleeved jacket (
305:
297:
289:
273:
265:
196:
857:
Ethnography of the Major Ethnolinguistic Groups in the Cordillera
374:
The traditional leadership in the Tangguian community is held by
500:
1207:
1084:
380:(old men), who compose a council of leaders representing each
310:
A 1922 photograph of an Itneg shaman making an offering to an
672:
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271:
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are believed to reside in the water-worn stones known as
738:
Aponibolinayen: mortal spouse of the sun god, Init-init
521:
Tattoo patterns on the forearms of an Itneg woman from
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
855:
Sumeg-ang, Arsenio (2005). "9 The Tingguians/Itnegs".
726:
Makaboteng: the god and guardian of deer and wild hogs
859:. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. pp. 177–194.
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1022:
1020:
146:
117:
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67:
57:
342:farming. Socio-cultural changes started when the
921:
919:
690:Gomayen: mother of Mabaca, Binongan, and Adasin
539:
541:"The Busao Igorrotes who live in the North of
1219:
1096:
238:Discrimination during the Marcos dictatorship
8:
882:"The Non-Christian Tribes of Northern Luzon"
294:Itneg potters, the person on the right is a
40:
27:Austronesian ethnic group in the Philippines
786:
784:
782:
1759:
1521:
1448:
1268:
1226:
1212:
1204:
1103:
1089:
1081:
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947:
671:. The corpse is placed in a death chair (
46:
39:
928:Ancient Ink: The Archaeology of Tattooing
912:. New York: S. Low, Marston. p. 255.
406:was finally stopped through peace pacts (
901:
899:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
435:The women dress in a wrap-around skirt (
954:Cole, Fay-Cooper; Gale, Albert (1922).
752:
654:List of Philippine mythological figures
7:
1112:Indigenous Peoples of the Cordillera
906:Sawyer, Frederic Henry Read (1900).
760:National Statistics Offiice (2013).
702:Emlang: servant of the supreme deity
128:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
68:Regions with significant populations
909:The Inhabitants of the Philippines
568:The Inhabitants of the Philippines
535:The Inhabitants of the Philippines
248:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
244:ethnic discrimination and violence
25:
886:The Philippine Journal of Science
215:, though the Spanish called them
1235:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
1192:
1125:Cordillera Administrative Region
1058:
90:Cordillera Administrative Region
75:
966:(2): 231–233, 235–489, 491–493.
880:Worcester, Dean C. (Oct 1906).
792:https://doi.org/10.2307/3623072
633:The native Itneg language is a
493:near the village entrance, and
803:Pawilen, Reidan (4 May 2021).
229:Spanish era migrations to Abra
1:
717:Bagbagak: father of Gaygayoma
673:
667:
661:
615:
609:
603:
566:Frederic Henry Read Sawyer,
495:
489:
483:
477:
455:
449:
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437:
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408:
394:
388:
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376:
363:
357:
330:
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296:
280:
272:
187:from the upland province of
30:Not to be confused with the
720:Sinang: mother of Gaygayoma
52:Tinguian men of Sallapadan.
1923:
651:
626:
510:
302:in female attire (c. 1922)
29:
1241:
1190:
1139:
1119:
648:Indigenous Itneg religion
635:South-Central Cordilleran
278:) of a warrior's shield (
151:
142:, other Protestant sects)
122:
102:
72:
62:
45:
549:made of wood or plaited
447:) made of woven cloth (
193:Nueva Era, Ilocos Norte
809:U.p. Los Baños Journal
573:
530:
335:
303:
287:
520:
344:Spanish conquistadors
309:
293:
269:
242:The Itneg have faced
147:Related ethnic groups
1067:at Wikimedia Commons
644:as second language.
677:) during the wake.
499:containing jars of
386:or settlement. The
351:Social organization
42:
1256:Indigenous peoples
1130:Cordillera Central
825:. 9 December 2012.
659:a place they call
640:. The Itneg speak
531:
336:
304:
288:
246:, with the era of
185:indigenous peoples
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1893:
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1747:
1746:
1739:Suludnon/Tumandok
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1201:
1200:
1063:Media related to
937:978-0-295-74282-3
638:dialect continuum
557:, and prefer the
481:built during the
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136:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
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322:of her village.
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1754:
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1687:
1654:
1636:
1573:
1505:
1447:
1409:
1351:
1260:
1237:
1232:
1202:
1197:
1188:
1169:Itneg/Tingguian
1135:
1134:
1115:
1109:
1055:
1050:
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1044:
1040:
1035:
1018:
1013:
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1004:
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975:
971:
953:
952:
945:
938:
925:
924:
917:
905:
904:
897:
879:
878:
874:
867:
854:
853:
830:
821:
820:
816:
802:
801:
797:
789:
780:
770:
768:
764:
759:
758:
754:
749:
744:
734:
729:
683:
656:
650:
631:
625:
599:
590:
572:
565:
515:
509:
465:
433:
418:
400:trial by ordeal
353:
264:
240:
231:
226:
209:
140:Episcopalianism
93:
87:
86:
76:
74:
73:
53:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
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1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1757:
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1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
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1644:
1638:
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1463:
1457:
1455:
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1425:
1419:
1417:
1411:
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1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
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1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1277:
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1266:
1262:
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153:Igorot people
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63:47,550 (2010)
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1568:
1443:Zamboangueño
1168:
1065:Itneg people
1041:
1010:
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769:. Retrieved
755:
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582:
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567:
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419:
404:Head-hunting
373:
354:
337:
256:Marcos crony
252:infringement
241:
232:
216:
212:
210:
182:Austronesian
177:
173:
165:
163:
132:Christianity
37:Ethnic group
32:Isneg people
1753:Immigrants
1481:Maguindanao
1337:Romblomanon
1322:Kapampangan
607:), shield (
389:panglakayen
377:panglakayen
201:Philippines
83:Philippines
1806:Indonesian
1466:Banguingui
1438:Surigaonon
1390:Hiligaynon
1332:Pangasinan
747:References
511:See also:
487:ceremony,
180:") are an
1821:Malaysian
1775:Brazilian
1701:Agutaynen
1564:Kankanaey
1433:Sangirese
1400:Porohanon
1327:Masbateño
1288:(Ilongot)
1246:Filipinos
1184:Kankanaey
1174:Kalanguya
771:7 October
681:Immortals
490:sangasang
217:Tingguian
178:Tingguian
98:Languages
1901:Category
1826:Nepalese
1811:Japanese
1770:American
1763:Americas
1731:Suludnon
1716:Tagbanua
1706:Palawano
1693:Palaweño
1650:Ratagnon
1597:Higaonon
1592:Bukidnon
1569:Tinguian
1534:Balangao
1518:Highland
1423:Butuanon
1415:Mindanao
1375:Capiznon
1370:Boholano
1286:Bugkalot
1281:Bicolano
1144:Balangao
1114:(Igorot)
674:sangadel
623:Language
578:resinous
570:(1900),
564:—
523:Balbalan
431:Clothing
416:Marriage
395:kadawyan
207:Overview
174:Tinguian
118:Religion
1882:Spanish
1877:Russian
1857:English
1836:Iranian
1796:Chinese
1780:Mexican
1683:Mamanwa
1660:Negrito
1642:Mangyan
1627:Teduray
1622:Tasaday
1617:Subanon
1607:Mandaya
1602:Mamanwa
1559:Kalinga
1486:Maranao
1428:Kalagan
1395:Karay-a
1380:Cebuano
1365:Aklanon
1357:Visayas
1347:Tagalog
1307:Ilocano
1297:Gaddang
1292:Cuyunon
1265:Lowland
1179:Kalinga
732:Mortals
668:maglawa
662:maglawa
642:Ilocano
610:kalasag
597:Weapons
588:Cuisine
555:talibon
543:Lepanto
527:Kalinga
507:Tattoos
496:aligang
484:say-ang
463:Housing
450:balibas
424:pakalon
369:Shamans
364:baknang
340:swidden
331:pinaing
282:kalasag
262:Culture
254:of the
224:History
124:Animism
112:Tagalog
108:Ilocano
1907:Igorot
1872:Polish
1862:German
1850:Europe
1841:Jewish
1816:Korean
1801:Indian
1721:Molbog
1612:Manobo
1549:Ifugao
1544:Ibaloi
1539:Bontoc
1526:Igorot
1496:Tausug
1476:Iranun
1471:Kaagan
1385:Eskaya
1342:Sambal
1317:Ivatan
1312:Itawes
1302:Ibanag
1159:Ifugao
1154:Ibaloi
1149:Bontoc
934:
863:
580:wood.
551:rattan
529:(1906)
478:balawa
469:bamboo
398:) and
358:gangsa
176:" or "
170:exonym
80:
1867:Greek
1711:Batak
1678:Batak
1632:Tboli
1587:Blaan
1579:Lumad
1554:Isneg
1501:Yakan
1491:Samal
1461:Bajau
1405:Waray
1273:Luzon
1251:Pinoy
1164:Isnag
765:(PDF)
616:aliwa
559:spear
547:shako
513:Batok
473:cogon
444:ba-al
438:tapis
409:kalon
383:purok
325:Apdel
319:anito
313:apdel
298:bayok
274:anito
213:Itneg
197:Luzon
166:Itneg
104:Itneg
41:Itneg
18:Itneg
1831:Arab
1789:Asia
1668:Aeta
1453:Moro
932:ISBN
861:ISBN
773:2020
604:pika
501:basi
471:and
456:bado
191:and
189:Abra
164:The
1673:Ati
533:In
412:).
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
