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allow the file's data to be moved or replicated or files to be deleted. File management policies can be used to move data from one pool to another without changing the file's location in the directory structure. File management policies are determined by file attributes such as last access time, path name or size of the file.
679:
Partition Aware. A failure of the network may partition the filesystem into two or more groups of nodes that can only see the nodes in their group. This can be detected through a heartbeat protocol, and when a partition occurs, the filesystem remains live for the largest partition formed. This offers
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subsystems. With partitioning, a file is not a sequence of bytes, but rather multiple disjoint sequences that may be accessed in parallel. The partitioning is such that it abstracts away the number and type of I/O nodes hosting the filesystem, and it allows a variety of logically partitioned views of
754:
A fileset is a sub-tree of the file system namespace and provides a way to partition the namespace into smaller, more manageable units. Filesets provide an administrative boundary that can be used to set quotas and be specified in a policy to control initial data placement or data migration. Data in
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There are two types of user defined policies: file placement and file management. File placement policies direct file data as files are created to the appropriate storage pool. File placement rules are selected by attributes such as file name, the user name or the fileset. File management policies
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Filesystem maintenance can be performed online. Most of the filesystem maintenance chores (adding new disks, rebalancing data across disks) can be performed while the filesystem is live. This maximizes the filesystem availability, and thus the availability of the supercomputer cluster
658:
The system stores data on standard block storage volumes, but includes an internal RAID layer that can virtualize those volumes for redundancy and parallel access much like a RAID block storage system. It also has the ability to replicate across volumes at the higher file level.
533:: all the features to support high performance parallel I/O were hidden from users and implemented under the hood. GPFS also shared many components with the related products IBM Multi-Media Server and IBM Video Charger, which is why many GPFS utilities start with the prefix
525:
Vesta was commercialized as the PIOFS filesystem around 1994, and was succeeded by GPFS around 1998. The main difference between the older and newer filesystems was that GPFS replaced the specialized interface offered by Vesta/PIOFS with the standard
540:
In 2010, IBM previewed a version of GPFS that included a capability known as GPFS-SNC, where SNC stands for Shared
Nothing Cluster. This was officially released with GPFS 3.5 in December 2012, and is now known as FPO (File Placement Optimizer).
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Storage pools allow for the grouping of disks within a file system. An administrator can create tiers of storage by grouping disks based on performance, locality or reliability characteristics. For example, one pool could be high-performance
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files, regardless of the physical distribution of data within the I/O nodes. The disjoint sequences are arranged to correspond to individual processes of a parallel application, allowing for improved scalability.
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GPFS distributes its directory indices and other metadata across the filesystem. Hadoop, in contrast, keeps this on the
Primary and Secondary Namenodes, large servers which must store all index information
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The policy processing engine is scalable and can be run on many nodes at once. This allows management policies to be applied to a single file system with billions of files and complete in a few hours.
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Corbett, P. F.; D. G. Feitelson; J.-P. Prost; G. S. Almasi; S. J. Baylor; A. S. Bolmarcich; Y. Hsu; J. Satran; M. Snir; R. Colao; B. D. Herr; J. Kavaky; T. R. Morgan; A. Zlotek (1995).
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as early as 1993. Tiger Shark was initially designed to support high throughput multimedia applications. This design turned out to be well suited to scientific computing.
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or more, as this reduces the storage requirements of the
Namenode. Small blocks or many small files fill up a filesystem's indices fast, so limit the filesystem's size.
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a single fileset can reside in one or more storage pools. Where the file data resides and how it is migrated is based on a set of rules in a user defined policy.
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Barris, Marcelo; Terry Jones; Scott
Kinnane; Mathis Landzettel Safran Al-Safran; Jerry Stevens; Christopher Stone; Chris Thomas; Ulf Troppens (September 1999).
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Like typical cluster filesystems, GPFS provides concurrent high-speed file access to applications executing on multiple nodes of clusters. It can be used with
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Wang, Teng; Vasko, Kevin; Liu, Zhuo; Chen, Hui; Yu, Weikuan (Nov 2014). "BPAR: A Bundle-Based
Parallel Aggregation Framework for Decoupled I/O Execution".
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between 1992 and 1995. Vesta introduced the concept of file partitioning to accommodate the needs of parallel applications that run on high-performance
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distributed parallel modes, or a combination of these. It is used by many of the world's largest commercial companies, as well as some of the
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Distributed metadata, including the directory tree. There is no single "directory controller" or "index server" in charge of the filesystem.
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655:. It breaks a file into blocks of a configured size, less than 1 megabyte each, which are distributed across multiple cluster nodes.
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Corbett, Peter F.; Feitelson, Dror G.; Prost, J.-P.; Baylor, S. J. (1993). "Parallel access to files in the Vesta file system".
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Teng Wang; Kevin Vasko; Zhuo Liu; Hui Chen; Weikuan Yu (2016). "Enhance parallel input/output with cross-bundle aggregation".
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Other features include high availability, ability to be used in a heterogeneous cluster, disaster recovery, security,
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which was the #1 fastest supercomputer in the world in the
November 2019 Top 500 List. Summit is a 200
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1338:. HPC seminar, Computer Architecture Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
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HDFS also breaks files up into blocks, and stores them on different filesystem nodes.
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Proceedings of the 1993 ACM/IEEE conference on
Supercomputing - Supercomputing '93
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General
Parallel File System Administration and Programming Reference Version 3.1
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a graceful degradation of the filesystem — some machines will remain working.
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1292:. IBM Redbooks, International Technical Support Organization. see page 1 (
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2014 International
Workshop on Data Intensive Scalable Computing Systems
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579: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Proceedings of the FAST'02 Conference on File and
Storage Technologies
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The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
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GPFS breaks files up into small blocks. Hadoop HDFS likes blocks of
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Efficient indexing of directory entries for very large directories.
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filesystem semantics, including locking for exclusive file access.
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1083:. Portland, Oregon, United States: ACM/IEEE. pp. 472–481.
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899:"GPFS: A Shared-Disk File System for Large Computing Clusters"
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Distributed file systems supported by the Linux kernel
908:. Monterey, California, US: USENIX. pp. 231–244.
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Corbett, Peter F.; Feitelson, Dror G. (August 1996).
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filesystem, developed as a research project at IBM's
1333:"Scalable parallel systems: Contributions 1990-2000"
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704:Compared to Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
1313:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1294:"GPFS is the successor to the PIOFS file system"
1268:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1220:"Parallel file systems for the IBM SP computers"
1168:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
751:disks and another more economical SATA storage.
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897:Schmuck, Frank; Roger Haskin (January 2002).
8:
257:
1296:). Archived from the original on 2010-12-14
1049:Parallel I/O for High Performance Computing
459:. The storage filesystem is called Alpine.
436:. For example, it is the filesystem of the
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1981:
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1251:. Archived from the original on 2004-04-19
1151:. Archived from the original on 2012-02-12
672:Distributed locking. This allows for full
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726:GPFS has full Posix filesystem semantics.
639:Learn how and when to remove this message
498:file system, a research project at IBM's
245:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
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27:High-performance clustered file system
877:"GPFS (General Parallel File System)"
662:Features of the architecture include
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1129:ACM Transactions on Computer Systems
577:adding citations to reliable sources
165:adding citations to reliable sources
448:system composed of more than 9,000
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1376:"IBM GPFS FPO (DCS03038-USEN-00)"
45:This article has multiple issues.
1122:"The Vesta parallel file system"
742:Information lifecycle management
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511:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
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1052:. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 92.
984:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
938:. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
564:needs additional citations for
152:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
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1:
452:processors and 27,000 NVIDIA
442:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
959:. top500.org. Archived from
402:General Parallel File System
2594:Filesystem-level encryption
957:"November 2019 top500 list"
840:IBM Scale-out File Services
288:; 26 years ago
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1441:Comparison of file systems
505:Another ancestor is IBM's
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486:processor architectures.
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2725:Shared disk file systems
2544:Extended file attributes
2245:Compact Disc File System
1331:Snir, Marc (June 2001).
1197:10.1177/1094342015618017
1006:. IEEE. pp. 25–32.
936:"Summit compute systems"
420:. It can be deployed in
2643:Installable File System
1381:. IBM Corporation. 2013
846:Shared disk file system
778:ASM Cluster File System
500:Almaden Research Center
470:clusters, on Microsoft
1691:TiVo Media File System
1555:Encrypting File System
1286:Sizing and Tuning GPFS
851:Veritas Cluster Server
416:software developed by
412:) is high-performance
1686:Macintosh File System
1141:10.1145/233557.233558
1089:10.1145/169627.169786
1046:May, John M. (2000).
653:clustered file system
414:clustered file system
107:neutral point of view
2740:IBM storage software
2699:GUID Partition Table
2046:Distributed parallel
1794:Shared File System (
1012:10.1109/DISCS.2014.6
809:Lustre (file system)
804:List of file systems
717:storage area network
573:improve this article
161:improve this article
2704:Apple Partition Map
2650:Virtual file system
2589:Access-control list
1703:NetWare File System
1249:10.1147/sj.342.0222
1227:IBM Systems Journal
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99:promotional content
2694:Master Boot Record
2519:Data deduplication
2158:Google File System
2074:Google File System
1560:Extent File System
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1364:. IBM. April 2006.
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1098:978-0818643408
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537:—multi-media.
515:multicomputers
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472:Windows Server
430:supercomputers
426:shared-nothing
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2668:Cryptographic
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1987:wear leveling
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974:
963:on 2020-01-02
962:
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931:
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917:
915:1-880446-03-0
911:
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749:Fibre Channel
741:
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621:
618:
614:
611:
607:
604:
600:
597:
593:
590: –
589:
585:
584:Find sources:
578:
574:
568:
567:
562:This section
560:
556:
551:
550:
544:
542:
538:
536:
532:
529:
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404:, brand name
403:
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378:
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355:
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349:
347:
341:
336:
332:
324:
320:
318:Max file size
316:
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261:
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246:
231:
228:
220:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178: –
177:
173:
172:Find sources:
166:
162:
156:
155:
150:This article
148:
144:
139:
138:
129:
126:
118:
108:
104:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2633:File manager
2202:
2162:
2103:
1929:Flash memory
1896:Optical disc
1834:soft updates
1814:Soup (Apple)
1620:
1464:non-rotating
1430:File systems
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1370:
1357:
1351:
1340:. Retrieved
1298:. Retrieved
1293:
1285:
1278:
1264:cite journal
1253:. Retrieved
1230:
1226:
1213:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1164:cite journal
1153:. Retrieved
1132:
1128:
1115:
1080:
1074:
1063:. Retrieved
1048:
1003:
997:
986:. Retrieved
982:"Summit FAQ"
976:
965:. Retrieved
961:the original
951:
940:. Retrieved
930:
919:. Retrieved
905:
892:
881:. Retrieved
871:
761:
757:
753:
745:
715:disks and a
707:
687:
661:
657:
650:
635:
629:January 2020
626:
616:
609:
602:
595:
583:
571:Please help
566:verification
563:
545:Architecture
539:
534:
524:
519:parallel I/O
506:
504:
495:
493:
461:
434:Top 500 List
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
264:Developer(s)
241:
223:
214:
204:
197:
190:
183:
171:
159:Please help
154:verification
151:
121:
112:
97:by removing
93:Please help
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2599:Permissions
2214:Specialized
1446:distributed
496:Tiger Shark
422:shared-disk
358:Transparent
346:permissions
344:File system
2719:Categories
2625:Interfaces
2609:Sticky bit
2489:Versioning
2454:Journaling
2397:Rubberhose
2193:SMB (CIFS)
1985:host-side
1385:2012-08-12
1342:2008-06-18
1300:2022-12-06
1255:2008-06-18
1155:2008-06-18
1065:2008-06-18
988:2020-04-07
967:2020-04-07
942:2020-04-07
921:2008-01-18
883:2020-04-07
863:References
842:– NAS-grid
599:newspapers
466:clusters,
360:encryption
283:Introduced
187:newspapers
95:improve it
50:improve it
2484:Synthetic
2427:Clustered
2374:Encrypted
2305:OverlayFS
1914:ISO 13490
1490:Amiga OFS
1485:Amiga FFS
1309:cite book
1235:CiteSeerX
446:Petaflops
374:Supported
275:Full name
56:talk page
2569:Symbolic
2498:Features
2474:Semantic
2382:eCryptfs
2326:configfs
2295:SquashFS
2183:POHMELFS
2084:OrangeFS
1909:ISO 9660
1829:UFS/UFS2
1777:Reliance
1765:ReiserFS
1611:Files-11
1505:bcachefs
1462:Disk and
1205:12067366
1149:11975458
1107:46409100
766:See also
651:It is a
338:Features
330:of files
217:May 2024
115:May 2024
2687:Layouts
2673:Default
2336:debugfs
2310:UnionFS
2204:more...
2137:OpenAFS
2105:more...
1770:Reiser4
1740:OpenZFS
1631:HAMMER2
1587:ext3cow
1567:Episode
1030:2402391
829:Panasas
819:MooseFS
814:MapR FS
794:Gluster
773:Alluxio
730:in-RAM.
719:(SAN).
684:itself.
613:scholar
490:History
432:on the
291: (
201:scholar
2560:Links
2534:Extent
2464:Object
2432:Global
2350:specfs
2346:procfs
2341:kernfs
2319:Pseudo
2300:UMSDOS
2255:Davfs2
2250:cramfs
2188:Hadoop
2168:Lustre
2054:BeeGFS
2020:NILFS2
1755:QNX4FS
1718:NILFS2
1626:HAMMER
1616:Fossil
1237:
1203:
1147:
1105:
1095:
1056:
1028:
1018:
912:
784:BeeGFS
780:(ACFS)
709:Hadoop
615:
608:
601:
594:
588:"GPFS"
586:
450:POWER9
438:Summit
305:Limits
203:
196:
189:
182:
176:"GPFS"
174:
2660:Lists
2604:Modes
2449:Flash
2420:Types
2402:SSHFS
2387:EncFS
2364:WinFS
2359:tmpfs
2354:sysfs
2331:devfs
2265:FTPFS
2260:EROFS
2198:SSHFS
2079:OCFS2
2032:UBIFS
2027:YAFFS
2015:NILFS
2010:LogFS
2005:JFFS2
1961:EROFS
1951:exFAT
1856:Xiafs
1839:WAPBL
1824:UBIFS
1735:OneFS
1713:NILFS
1708:Next3
1698:MINIX
1604:exFAT
1532:Btrfs
1500:AthFS
1480:AdvFS
1379:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1336:(PDF)
1290:(PDF)
1223:(PDF)
1201:S2CID
1145:S2CID
1125:(PDF)
1103:S2CID
1026:S2CID
902:(PDF)
879:. IBM
831:PanFS
824:OCFS2
735:64 MB
690:DMAPI
674:POSIX
620:JSTOR
606:books
517:with
507:Vesta
484:IBM Z
480:Power
468:Linux
454:Volta
386:Linux
369:Other
351:POSIX
297:with
208:JSTOR
194:books
2564:Hard
2556:Fork
2437:Grid
2290:MVFS
2285:NOVA
2280:LTFS
2275:Lnfs
2270:FUSE
2240:CDfs
2230:AXFS
2225:Aufs
2163:GPFS
2148:Coda
2099:Xsan
2089:PVFS
2069:GFS2
2064:CXFS
2059:Ceph
2000:JFFS
1995:CHFS
1976:NVFS
1966:F2FS
1956:TFAT
1941:APFS
1931:and
1875:z/OS
1866:Xsan
1851:WAFL
1846:VxFS
1819:Tux3
1809:SNFS
1791:SFS
1760:ReFS
1730:NTFS
1682:MFS
1668:HTFS
1663:HPFS
1658:HFS+
1621:GPFS
1592:ext4
1582:ext3
1577:ext2
1551:EFS
1542:CXFS
1537:CVFS
1524:z/VM
1509:BFS
1495:APFS
1475:ADFS
1315:link
1270:link
1170:link
1093:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1016:ISBN
910:ISBN
789:GFS2
713:RAID
696:and
592:news
528:Unix
457:GPUs
398:GPFS
326:Max
321:8 EB
313:8 YB
293:1998
286:1998
258:GPFS
180:news
2407:ZFS
2392:EFS
2178:NFS
2173:NCP
2153:DFS
2143:AFP
2133:AFS
2120:NAS
2094:QFS
1971:JFS
1946:FAT
1933:SSD
1919:UDF
1904:HSF
1885:Sun
1881:ZFS
1871:zFS
1861:XFS
1787:RFS
1750:QFS
1745:PFS
1725:NSS
1678:LFS
1673:JFS
1652:MVS
1648:HFS
1638:HFS
1599:FAT
1572:ext
1547:DFS
1245:doi
1193:doi
1137:doi
1085:doi
1008:doi
856:ZFS
835:QFS
698:ILM
694:HSM
575:by
531:API
482:or
476:x86
464:AIX
440:at
424:or
418:IBM
382:AIX
364:yes
328:no.
299:AIX
269:IBM
163:by
2721::
2128:9P
1796:VM
1323:^
1311:}}
1307:{{
1266:}}
1262:{{
1243:.
1231:34
1229:.
1225:.
1199:.
1189:30
1187:.
1166:}}
1162:{{
1143:.
1133:14
1131:.
1127:.
1101:.
1091:.
1038:^
1024:.
1014:.
904:.
700:.
692:,
535:mm
478:,
388:,
384:,
59:.
2139:)
2135:(
1887:)
1883:(
1877:)
1873:(
1798:)
1654:)
1650:(
1644:)
1640:(
1526:)
1422:e
1415:t
1408:v
1388:.
1345:.
1317:)
1303:.
1272:)
1258:.
1247::
1207:.
1195::
1172:)
1158:.
1139::
1109:.
1087::
1068:.
1032:.
1010::
991:.
970:.
945:.
924:.
886:.
642:)
636:(
631:)
627:(
617:·
610:·
603:·
596:·
569:.
400:(
295:)
248:)
242:(
230:)
224:(
219:)
215:(
205:·
198:·
191:·
184:·
157:.
128:)
122:(
117:)
113:(
109:.
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
