154:
996:
904:
817:
765:
86:
Operationally, there was an overhead to transfer computational data into and out of the array, and problems which did not fit the 64×64 matrix imposed additional complexity to handle the boundaries (65×65 was perhaps the worst case!)—but for problems which suited the architecture, it could outperform
98:
The design as described in
Reddaway's 1973 paper is pretty much that which was implemented in the first commercial version except the facility to supply address bits from the processing elements was removed. This change greatly simplified hardware error detection. A notable extra facility was carry
123:(CPP). It was enhanced and made smaller and faster as the Gamma series. An 8-bit processor with some local 8-bit wide memory was added to the processor and fast IO capabilities were implemented. It could be programmed in either
44:
The initial Pilot DAP was designed and implemented by Dr
Stewart F Reddaway with the aid of David J Hunt and Peter M Flanders at the ICL Stevenage Labs. Their manager and a major contributor was
131:. These were more flexible than DAP FORTRAN, in particular they automatically took care of choosing a mapping from user specified matrix and vector bounds to the underlying hardware.
79:(SIMD) architecture. Each operation could be performed under the control of a mask which controlled which elements were affected. Array programs were executed as
1114:
435:
1104:
394:
950:
999:
95:
was not a popular machine and this held back the use of the DAP as an attached processor was restricted initially to this one range.
76:
1099:
33:
32:. The original paper study was complete in 1972 and building of the prototype began in 1974. The first machine was delivered to
444:
45:
25:
945:
907:
706:
1043:
955:
935:
29:
1058:
1053:
768:
428:
120:
1048:
960:
820:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
497:
1038:
1023:
1007:
116:
1109:
135:
408:
487:
482:
421:
990:
975:
716:
303:
413:
192:
system (so was sometimes called the PERQ-DAP), and the ruggedised military version was called the
128:
454:
205:
184:
A smaller 32x32 version was created between 1984 and 1987. The commercial version was called the
56:
472:
390:
284:
72:
898:
345:
276:
63:
and its memory was mapped into the mainframe's memory. Programs for the DAP were written in
838:
833:
828:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
643:
540:
108:
92:
338:
Proceedings of the 1st Annual
Symposium on Computer Architecture, (Gainesville, Florida)
71:
extended with 64×64 matrix and 64 element vector primitives. DAP Fortran compiled to an
462:
153:
1093:
749:
744:
739:
734:
726:
60:
49:
1068:
888:
759:
330:
210:
280:
1078:
811:
477:
80:
64:
796:
364:
264:
245:
801:
288:
349:
83:
of normal mainframe FORTRAN programs and IO was handled by the mainframe.
980:
791:
786:
781:
776:
467:
403:
225:
220:
112:
1073:
1063:
1012:
970:
965:
940:
930:
925:
920:
915:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
68:
52:. The pilot implementation had a 32×32 processing element arrangement.
389:. Research monographs in parallel and distributed computing. Pitman.
215:
124:
1028:
1017:
1033:
883:
189:
88:
417:
75:
called APAL (Array
Processor Assembly Language). The DAP had a
148:
59:(PEs) with 4096 bits of storage per PE. It was attached to an
91:
pipeline architectures by two orders of magnitude. The
165:
48:, designer of the Basic Language Machine and known for
989:
897:
810:
758:
725:
642:
539:
496:
452:
99:propagation to simplify vector mode addition.
429:
8:
436:
422:
414:
387:Massively parallel computing with the DAP
246:"From Torsional Mode Delay Lines to DAP"
236:
28:(ICL) was the world's first commercial
331:"DAP - a distributed array processor"
7:
385:Dennis Parkinson; John Litt (1990).
119:(AMT) which was then taken over by
302:Parkinson, Dennis (17 June 1976).
134:Sample DAPs are in storage at the
14:
244:Gordon G Scarrott (Summer 1995).
77:single instruction, multiple data
55:The ICL DAP had 64×64 single bit
995:
994:
903:
902:
816:
815:
764:
763:
498:English Electric System 4 series
263:Stewart Reddaway (Spring 2004).
152:
1115:International Computers Limited
445:International Computers Limited
26:International Computers Limited
365:"Mil-DAP Resurrection Project"
1:
363:Brian Russell (Summer 2001).
281:10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.09.011
121:Cambridge Parallel Processors
1105:Massively parallel computers
141:CPP ceased trading in 2004.
304:"Computers by the thousand"
107:The DAP was sold off to a
30:massively parallel computer
18:Distributed Array Processor
1131:
188:, normally attached to a
117:Active Memory Technology
1100:ICL mainframe computers
344:(4). ACM Press: 61–65.
329:S. F. Reddaway (1973).
136:Computer History Museum
265:"Letter to the editor"
991:Programming languages
369:Computer Resurrection
350:10.1145/633642.803971
269:Computer Resurrection
250:Computer Resurrection
404:DAP personal history
145:Mini-DAP and Mil-DAP
57:processing elements
310:. pp. 626–627
206:Connection Machine
164:. You can help by
34:Queen Mary College
1087:
1086:
1064:ApplicationMaster
899:Operating systems
396:978-0-273-08809-7
182:
181:
73:assembly language
1122:
998:
997:
906:
905:
819:
818:
767:
766:
438:
431:
424:
415:
400:
373:
372:
360:
354:
353:
335:
326:
320:
319:
317:
315:
299:
293:
292:
260:
254:
253:
241:
177:
174:
156:
149:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1083:
993:
985:
901:
893:
814:
806:
762:
754:
721:
644:ICL 2900 Series
638:
541:ICT 1900 series
535:
492:
448:
447:(ICL) 1968-2002
442:
397:
384:
381:
376:
362:
361:
357:
333:
328:
327:
323:
313:
311:
301:
300:
296:
275:(33): 149–150.
262:
261:
257:
243:
242:
238:
234:
202:
178:
172:
169:
162:needs expansion
147:
109:venture capital
105:
42:
12:
11:
5:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1110:SIMD computing
1107:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
987:
986:
984:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
912:
910:
895:
894:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
808:
807:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
773:
771:
756:
755:
753:
752:
747:
742:
737:
731:
729:
723:
722:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
648:
646:
640:
639:
637:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
545:
543:
537:
536:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
502:
500:
494:
493:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
459:
457:
450:
449:
443:
441:
440:
433:
426:
418:
412:
411:
406:
401:
395:
380:
379:External links
377:
375:
374:
355:
321:
294:
255:
235:
233:
230:
229:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
201:
198:
180:
179:
159:
157:
146:
143:
104:
101:
50:Iliffe vectors
41:
38:
24:) produced by
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1127:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
992:
988:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
911:
909:
900:
896:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
822:
813:
809:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
770:
761:
760:Minicomputers
757:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
730:
728:
727:ICL Series 39
724:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
645:
641:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
546:
544:
542:
538:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
501:
499:
495:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
458:
456:
451:
446:
439:
434:
432:
427:
425:
420:
419:
416:
410:
407:
405:
402:
398:
392:
388:
383:
382:
378:
370:
366:
359:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
332:
325:
322:
309:
308:New Scientist
305:
298:
295:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
259:
256:
251:
247:
240:
237:
231:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
176:
167:
163:
160:This section
158:
155:
151:
150:
144:
142:
139:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
102:
100:
96:
94:
90:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:ICL mainframe
58:
53:
51:
47:
46:John K Iliffe
39:
37:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1069:ReportMaster
889:One Per Desk
812:Workstations
711:
453:Predecessor
386:
368:
358:
341:
337:
324:
312:. Retrieved
307:
297:
272:
268:
258:
249:
239:
211:Goodyear MPP
193:
185:
183:
170:
166:adding to it
161:
140:
133:
129:Fortran-Plus
106:
97:
87:the current
85:
54:
43:
21:
17:
15:
1079:DAP FORTRAN
531:System 4/75
526:System 4/72
521:System 4/70
516:System 4/50
511:System 4/30
506:System 4/10
478:Elliott 803
81:subroutines
65:DAP FORTRAN
40:Development
1094:Categories
797:System Ten
455:mainframes
232:References
67:which was
956:Executive
936:superNova
802:System 25
173:June 2008
103:After ICL
36:in 1979.
1000:category
981:MultiJob
908:category
879:DRS 6000
874:DRS 3000
821:category
769:category
750:Level 80
745:Level 60
740:Level 50
735:Level 30
473:ICT 1501
468:ICT 1301
409:PERQ-DAP
289:15777984
226:SUPRENUM
221:Parsytec
200:See also
186:Mini-DAP
115:company
113:start-up
111:-funded
93:ICL 2980
1013:Fortran
971:MINIMOP
966:MAXIMOP
916:OpenVME
869:DRS 500
864:DRS 400
859:DRS 300
854:DRS 200
849:DRS 100
194:Mil-DAP
69:FORTRAN
1044:Pascal
961:GEORGE
844:DRS 20
393:
314:7 July
287:
216:MasPar
1029:COBOL
1018:ALGOL
931:VME/K
926:VME/B
629:1907F
626:1907E
620:1906S
617:1906F
614:1906E
611:1906A
605:1905F
602:1905E
596:1904S
593:1904F
590:1904E
587:1904A
581:1903T
578:1903S
575:1903A
569:1902T
566:1902S
563:1902A
557:1901T
554:1901S
551:1901A
463:LEO I
334:(PDF)
252:(12).
1034:JEAN
1024:SOBS
1008:PLAN
884:PERQ
839:7561
834:7503
829:7502
792:ME29
787:2905
782:2904
777:2903
707:CAFS
702:2988
697:2982
692:2980
687:2976
682:2972
677:2970
672:2966
667:2960
662:2956
657:2955
652:2950
635:1909
632:1908
623:1907
608:1906
599:1905
584:1904
572:1903
560:1902
548:1901
488:KDF9
483:KDF8
391:ISBN
371:(5).
316:2024
285:PMID
190:PERQ
89:Cray
16:The
1074:RPG
1059:SFL
1054:SCL
951:TME
946:DME
941:CME
921:VME
717:OCP
712:DAP
346:doi
277:doi
168:.
127:or
125:C++
22:DAP
1096::
1049:S3
1020:60
367:.
340:.
336:.
306:.
283:.
273:48
271:.
267:.
248:.
196:.
138:.
1039:C
976:J
437:e
430:t
423:v
399:.
352:.
348::
342:2
318:.
291:.
279::
175:)
171:(
20:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
