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funded by the
National Science Foundation—from the University of California at Berkeley—concluded that the barge went through an already-existing breach caused by foundation failure of the floodwall. Another group of investigators, funded by the State of Louisiana, came to the same conclusion. Finally, a $ 20 million study, funded by the Department of Defense/United States Army Corps of Engineers, blamed the Industrial Canal levee failures on overtopping of the floodwalls by the storm surge and resulting scour and undermining of the foundation and not the barge.
42:
24:
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presented to
Congress, experts say that the barge was drawn through an existing hole in the floodwall, and that it was the topping of the Industrial Canal floodwall, not the barge, that caused the break. The LSU report subsequently found that overtopping did not occur, rather, design failures precipited the levee failures.
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On March 31, 2008, Judge Helen
Berrigan, Chief Judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, issued an opinion that exonerated the barge owner, Ingram Barge Company, from any liability for the ING 4727 breaking free of its moorings during or after Hurricane Katrina
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On 22 February 2006, salvage work began which lifted the barge approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) into the air using inflatable bags so that the bottom of the vessel could be inspected for damage, and on 24 February Titan
Maritime began the process of cutting up and removing it from the area. A number
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By late 2007, several investigations were completed that included analysis of the question of whether the barge had a causative role in one or more of the failures in the floodwalls atop the
Industrial Canal levees, or whether it came into the city from an already-existing breach. The investigators
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A week after the storm Army Corps of
Engineers project manager Al Naomi gave his preliminary impression, saying, "One would think it's the barge that did it," and confirming that the barge striking the floodwalls would have "precipitated a tremendous collapse". However, in the preliminary report
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There is also speculation that the barge may have caused the other nearby breaches in the
Industrial Canal by striking the floodwalls on the other side before bouncing back and going all the way through the levee near the end of Prieur Street, although all the scientists and engineers who
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of pieces were under court order to be preserved as evidence in pending lawsuits, although that order has been modified to allow for the disposal of all remaining portions of the barge. Removal of the pieces of the barge from the Lower 9th Ward was completed the third week of March 2006.
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ING 4727 was built in 1990. It was a dry cargo cover-top barge with a steel hull. It had an overall length of 200 feet (61 m), a beam of 35 feet (11 m) and a height of 12 feet (3.7 m), plus a coaming height of approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the deck. The
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Many locals blame the barge for the catastrophic inundation of the area. Some lawyers have blamed the barge, including its owners and the cement terminal that had moored the barge and which had the barge in its care, custody, and control at the time of the hurricane.
242:(of which the Industrial Canal is a part), it is larger than most Louisianan houses. During and right after the storm, ING 4727 was moved around by currents in the flooded neighborhood, smashing houses and cars beneath it in an area of several city blocks.
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While many other vessels in southeast
Louisiana broke their moorings during the storm, ING 4727 became particularly notable both due to its size and because of where it landed. Although its dimensions are standard for barges in commerce on the
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As waters were again drained from the area, the barge came to rest a few dozen yards from its earlier location, diagonally across
Jourdan Avenue near the intersection of North Roman Street, partially atop former homes and a school bus.
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275:, however, subsequently raised the water level in the Industrial Canal sufficiently to top the still-incomplete levee repairs, reflooding the area and refloating the barge.
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On 4 June 2007, a federal trial looking into possible liability of Ingram and other parties for damage from the barge began in New
Orleans.
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of volume. Fully loaded to a draft of 10 feet (3.0 m), the barge could carry 1,877 tons of cargo. Light (empty) draft was 1 foot
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As the Lower 9th Ward was dewatered, ING 4727 at first came to rest atop a number of house sites on the east side of Jourdan Avenue.
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covers atop the hopper added another approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) of height. The cargo hopper yielded 84659
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investigated the failures regard such speculation as dubious and without any evidentiary basis.
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433:"Preliminary Report on the Performance of the New Orleans Levee Systems in Hurricane Katrina"
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Broken up and scrapped in March 2006 after running aground in 2005 due to complications from
230:(also known as the Inner Harbor Navigational Canal) where it went through a breach into the
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in New Orleans when the storm hit. Evidently not secured adequately for
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10 feet (3.0 m) when loaded, 1 foot (0.30 m) when empty
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In the months after Katrina, the barge became a morbid
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Shortly before Katrina, ING 4727 was under charter by
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that became infamous when it went over or through a
487:"A symbol of the storm finally being carted away"
226:conditions, the barge found its way into the
8:
431:Seed, R.B.; et al. (17 November 2005).
369:(35). November–December 2005. Archived from
163:and landed in a residential neighborhood of
414:"Corps trying to find reasons for collapse"
389:Coosa-Alabama River Improvement Association
312:Levee failures in Greater New Orleans, 2005
307:Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans
506:"Barge At Center Of Post-Katrina Lawsuit"
286:for those interested in the devastation.
504:Associated Press report (5 March 2007).
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214:, having recently delivered a load of
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297:passed through the New Orleans area.
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543:"La.: Judge exonerates Ingram Barge"
220:Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal
14:
525:"Testimony Begins in Barge Case"
485:Gwen Filosa (24 February 2006).
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22:
246:Speculation on the barge's role
113:March 2006, scrapping completed
206:ING 4727 and Hurricane Katrina
1:
330:Ingram Barge Company (2005).
202: inches (0.419 m).
175:Background and specifications
28:ING 4727 in mid-December 2005
604:Effects of Hurricane Katrina
523:Gwen Filosa (6 March 2007).
609:Lower 9th Ward, New Orleans
363:"Breakaway Barge Follow-up"
86:; 19 years ago
68:; 34 years ago
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117:
33:
21:
332:"Ingram Draft Registers"
240:Mississippi River System
118:General characteristics
614:History of New Orleans
466:Cite journal requires
165:New Orleans, Louisiana
385:"Barges and Tugboats"
212:Lafarge North America
57:Lafarge North America
584:Ingram Barge Company
245:
157:Ingram Barge Company
126:200 feet (61 m)
420:. 6 September 2005.
134:35 feet (11 m)
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562:Unknown parameter
284:tourist attraction
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169:Hurricane Katrina
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104:Hurricane Katrina
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391:. Archived from
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337:. Archived from
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468:|journal=
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81:Out of service
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447:. Retrieved
440:the original
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397:. Retrieved
393:the original
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346:. Retrieved
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449:24 February
593:Categories
399:2006-03-08
348:2006-01-18
182:fiberglass
566:ignored (
367:GCMA News
224:hurricane
63:Completed
17:ING 4727
301:See also
149:ING 4727
197:⁄
167:during
91:2005-08
89: (
71: (
34:History
599:Barges
547:Forbes
216:cement
151:was a
123:Length
110:Status
443:(PDF)
436:(PDF)
342:(PDF)
335:(PDF)
318:Notes
186:cubes
161:levee
153:barge
139:Draft
53:Owner
568:help
510:WDSU
472:help
451:2006
131:Beam
99:Fate
73:1990
66:1990
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