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and stimulate a systematic approach to solve problems in the drinking water supply industry. In 1972 IRC's chemical engineer B.C.J. Zoeteman concluded a three-year research on the practicality of iodine and iodine components' disinfection in small water supplies with a research report, which marked the initiation of IRC's
Technical Paper (TP)series. In 1973, IRC held the "Bilthoven Meeting", joined by 31 international collaborating institutions. This meeting set working priorities for IRC such as developing appropriate water hygiene practices for better water supply quality. Consequently, follow-up projects were planned and initiated.
237:
approaches were emphasised in IRC's daily operations. Thematic advocacy programmes witnessed a shift from water supply to policy issues, sanitation and hygiene, participatory methodologies and gender issues. In 2000, IRC supported the launch of the Gender and Water
Alliance (GWA) and hosted the GWA Secretariat until 2005. Since the 1990s, IRC had worked with and supported WASH resource centre networks in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Honduras, Nepal and Uganda and documented their contribution to a learning and adaptive sector in 2013.
233:
Sanitation for a better Future", a new policy framework that was put forward in 1997. Changes in technology also influenced IRC's knowledge dissemination. In 1996, IRC set up an intranet system and a World Wide Web page. The IRC website recorded 42,000 clicks between year 1996 and 1997. An average of 3,500 per month. A new IRC Bulletin was published on the
Internet as well.
173:. Between 1983 and 1985, IRC published two major publications on Slow Sand Filtration. The one published in 1985 was further distributed to the WHO Regional Office for Europe and the WRC Research Centre. IRC introduced a focus on gender issues in water, hygiene and sanitation sectors and published several documents on this topic, led by the 1985 publication
222:" was brought up and soon became one of the guiding principles in IRC's work. In the same year, IRC published its 28th technical paper, an approach to sustainable piped water supplies. By 1993, IRC possessed one of the "most comprehensive collections of low-cost water supply and sanitation literature" within the water sector.
305:
IRC has its headquarters in The Hague, the
Netherlands with country offices in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali and Uganda, and staff representatives in Bangladesh, India, Niger and the USA. In 2021, IRC had 130 staff members (35 international staff and 61 in country offices) and 30 associates. It
236:
Stepping into the new millennium, IRC presented itself as a "capacity building" organisation to ensure "sustainable and economical" acquisition of WASH services for the world's poorest regions. After the second external evaluation in 2001, advocacy activities, institutional reforms and people-centred
225:
In the 1990s, along with knowledge dissemination, IRC delivered advisory and evaluation services and training courses. In 1994, IRC delivered its training courses in
English, French and Spanish at its headquarter in The Netherlands and other locations such as Kenya, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Colombia
22:
is an international think tank that works with governments, NGOs, entrepreneurs and people around the world to find long-term solutions to the global crisis in water, sanitation and hygiene services. Founded in 1968, IRC is a non-profit organisation registered since 1980 as a
Foundation under Dutch
253:
awarded IRC two multi-year, multi-country grants for projects on life-cycle costing (WASHCost) and models for sustainable rural water services (Triple-S). These two projects were instrumental in the development of new IRC's
Service Delivery Approach towards the development of water, sanitation and
160:
In 1980, IRC became an independent foundation under the name
International Reference Centre for Community Water Supply and Sanitation. (Abbreviated as IRC). In 1981, the IRC foundation was established through an Act of Dutch Parliament. Hans Van Damme became the Director of IRC, while Pier Santema
151:
in 1984). Apart from the relation with R.I.D, IRC established an advisory board that consisted of representatives of both national and international water supply sector organisations. In 1970, IRC drafted its first five-year plan with three main objectives: provide knowledge, coordinate research,
232:
In the same year, the
Governing Board commissioned an external evaluation of IRC. The main suggestion that came out of the evaluation was that IRC should make a clear distinction between profitable products and information dissemination. Consequently, IRC defined its scope as "Better Water and
470:
147:, the WHO International Reference Center on Community Water Supply was established (abbreviated as IRC). IRC was then an annex of the Government Institute of Drinking Water Supply. (Dutch: Rijksinstituut voor Drinkwatervoorziening, R.I.D, merged in
275:
and Osprey
Foundation launched Agenda for Change. This collaborative initiative stems from Everyone Forever from Water For People, the Service Delivery Approach of IRC, the WaterAid District-wide Approach and the aid effectiveness agenda of the
301:
IRC is a non-profit organisation registered in The Netherlands since 1980 as "Stichting IRC, International Water and Sanitation Centre". It has an oversight model of governance, consisting of a Supervisory Board and a Chief Executive Officer.
240:
IRC closed a number of long-term projects in 2002. Reorganisation, again, was put as a top priority. In 2006, IRC cut off the statutory link with the Netherlands government through an Act of Parliament, and became an autonomous foundation.
23:
Law. It has its headquarters in The Hague, the Netherlands with country offices in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali and Uganda. In 2021, IRC had 130 staff members and 30 associates, and recorded a turnover of €8.7 million.
928:
Woersem, B.L.M.; Manuel, A.R. (2001). "IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, assessment of its role and place within the sector: report of the appraisal team 1996-2000: report on request of the Ministry of Foreign
217:
In 1990, at a consultation in New Delhi, IRC presented two hands-on experiences of WASH sector knowledge dissemination. During the 1991 Global Consultation on Safe Water and Sanitation for the 1990s held in New Delhi,
201:. In 1988, IRC changed its name from "International Reference Centre for Community Water Supply and Sanitation" to "International Water and Sanitation Centre", the abbreviation "IRC" stayed the same however.
1543:
1337:
574:"Goedkeuring van de wijziging van de statuten van de Stichting International Reference Centre for Community Water Supply and Sanitation (IRC) en intrekking van de Machtigingswet IRC nr. 3"
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415:"Agreement between Rijksinstituut voor Drinkwatervoorziening and the World Health Organization for support to WHO International Reference Centre on Community Water Supply"
162:
1032:
899:
503:
264:
In 2014, IRC changed its name from IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre to IRC with as tagline "Supporting water sanitation and hygiene services for life".
1538:
254:
hygiene (WASH) services that last not for years, but forever. Key to this approach is that it must be delivered by strong and competent national and local systems.
767:
414:
293:
In August 2021, IRC and Water For People launched an alliance and a shared vision called Destination 2030, which aims to reach 200 million people by 2030.
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177:. From the 1980s onwards, IRC started to provide consulting and advisory services. In 1987, IRC undertook a number of assignments from
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Facilitating community water supply treatment: from transferring filtration technology to multi-stakeholder learning
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In 2019 IRC celebrated its 50th anniversary by hosting the All Systems Go! symposium in The Hague from 12-14 March.
1309:
681:
165:, which led to changes in the scope and strategies of IRC. Due to the UN's initiative, IRC's role in international
290:
Annual Award for Development in recognition of her work in striving for sustainable WASH services in the country.
140:
229:
In 1996, after working for IRC for 27 years, Mr. Hans van Damme resigned from his position as director of IRC.
1338:"2019 OFID Annual Award for Development recognizes Vida Duti's remarkable water and sanitation work in Ghana"
1147:
573:
934:
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became Chair of the newly constituted Governing Board. In the meantime, the United Nations launched the
1314:
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and the Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN), a founding member of the Water Integrity Network (WIN), a
219:
350:
261:'s list of "most effective WASH organisations worldwide", and in 2015, IRC ranked 3rd in this list.
733:"Timeline: five decades of learning and work on water, sanitation and hygiene by IRC and partners"
1026:
893:
761:
497:
393:
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knowledge dissemination was strengthened. In 1981, IRC published one of its most popular books,
815:
476:
319:
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Slows sand filtration : a low cost treatment for water supplies in developing countries
272:
947:
258:
1125:
782:"Grey Literature - Public Health - Libguides at University of North Carolina Chapel Hill"
375:
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The suitability of iodine and iodine compounds as disinfectants for small water supplies
1103:
781:
652:
A Review of Decision-Making Support Tools in the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Sector
1527:
983:
702:
IRC International Reference Centre for Community Water Supply and Sanitation (1987).
213:
The world is changing rapidly, and the magnitude of these changes continues to grow.
1010:
Resource centre networks : contributing to a learning and adaptive WASH sector
1508:
1391:
1412:
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was active in 115 projects and programmes, recording a turnover of €8.7 million.
754:
Background paper Global Consultation on Safe Water and Sanitation for the 1990s
629:
1062:"Gatesfoundation.org grants for IRC International water and Sanitation Centre"
190:
517:
WHO International Reference Centre on Community Water Supply I.R.C. (1970).
1367:"Leading NGOs, IRC and Water For People, Join Forces to Reach 200 Million"
175:
Participation of Women in Water Supply and Sanitation: Roles and Realities
1454:
436:
323:
268:
1192:"Ranked Nonprofits: International Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene 2015"
1170:"Ranked Nonprofits: International Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene 2011"
1234:
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1282:"IRC 50 years: A serious attempt to achieve universal access by 2030"
194:
182:
886:
External evaluation of IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre
838:
Community Water Management, Strengthening community water management
286:
In July 2019 IRC Ghana country director Vida Duti received the 2019
1082:
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IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre annual report 2000
628:
West Bengal & Bangladesh Arsenic Crisis Information Centre.
186:
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1212:
545:
198:
682:"Gender Issues Sourcebook for Water and Sanitation Projects"
1501:
116:
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partner, a member of the Millennium Water Alliance, the
1433:
684:. UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program/PROWWESS
1310:"Babylon Quartet performs mvt. 23 of The Thaiand HRDs"
1046:
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre (2002).
982:
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre (2001).
913:
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre (1997).
869:
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre (1996).
851:
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre (1994).
717:
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre (1987).
613:
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre (1983).
209:
In the foreword of IRC's 1991 annual report it says:
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International organisations based in the Netherlands
884:
Schulzberg, G., Sawyer, R. and Yansheng, M. (1996).
111:
95:
87:
73:
65:
57:
49:
31:
181:, Commission of the European Economic Community,
1256:"IRC 59th anniversary symposium: All systems go"
654:. The Pacific Institute. pp. Appendix A–48.
650:Palaniappan, M.; Lang, M.; Gleick, P.H. (2008).
617:. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC. pp. 7–8.
330:, the Netherlands Water Partnership and Partos.
1343:OPEC Fund for International Development website
211:
855:. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC. p. 24.
472:World Directory of Environmental Organisations
917:. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC. p. 1.
873:. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC. p. 1.
369:
367:
8:
1031:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
898:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
502:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
163:International Drinking Water Decade, 1981–90
139:In December 1968, under an agreement of the
69:Nutshuis, Riviervismarkt 5, 2513 AM Den Haag
26:
1104:"Triple-S ((Sustainable Services at Scale)"
1455:"Netherlands Water Partnership deelnemers"
1007:Da Silva Wells, C., Verhoeven, J. (2013).
766:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
25:
572:Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (2005).
469:Trzyna, T. C., & Coan, E. V. (2001).
16:Nonprofit organization in the Netherlands
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1148:"IRC's systems approach: key resources"
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1539:1968 establishments in the Netherlands
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314:IRC is a steering committee member of
53:13 Parkweg, The Hague, the Netherlands
1413:"About Water Integrity Network (WIN)"
864:
862:
836:Lammerink, M.P.; et al. (1999).
435:Union of International Associations.
345:
343:
7:
1365:Water For People (August 25, 2021).
91:Water supply, hygiene and sanitation
251:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
1050:. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC.
721:. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC.
706:. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC.
521:. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC.
14:
1287:NL Netherlands Dutch Water Sector
1260:NL Netherlands Dutch Water Sector
1013:. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC
380:. The Hague, the Netherlands: IRC
171:Small Communities Water Supplies
1534:International water associations
630:"Arsenic Info in the Real World"
1126:"Quick Guide to IRC's approach"
328:Sustainable Sanitation Alliance
267:In May 2015, Aguaconsult, IRC,
1:
988:. Delft, The Netherlands: IRC
398:: CS1 maint: date and year (
145:Government of the Netherlands
316:Sanitation and Water for All
310:Memberships and Partnerships
278:Sanitation and Water for All
1434:"Millennium Water Alliance"
962:"Gender and Water Alliance"
803:Twenty-fourth Annual Report
576:. Lower House of Parliament
257:In 2011, IRC ranked 4th in
37:; 56 years ago
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600:WATERS a priority for life
475:. Routledge. p. 105.
80:The Hague, the Netherlands
1124:Patrick Moriarty (2013).
840:. IIED London. p. 1.
756:. New Delhi, India. 1990.
534:, Zoeteman, B. C. (1972).
141:World Health Organization
665:M.B. Pescod OBE (1985).
544:Visscher, J. T. (2006).
107:Chair, Supervisory Board
103:Chief Executive Officer
61:Non-profit organisation
942:Cite journal requires
437:"IRC Yearbook Profile"
377:IRC annual report 2021
215:
101:Patrick Barré Moriarty
598:Appleton, B. (1994).
680:Wakeman, W. (1995).
519:Second Annual Report
220:community management
156:Gaining independence
1476:"Partos deelnemers"
1235:"Agenda for Change"
457:First Annual Report
280:(SWA) partnership.
28:
1048:Annual Report 2002
915:Annual Report 1997
871:Annual Report 1996
853:Annual Report 1994
805:, I.R.C, 1993, p.4
719:Annual Report 1988
704:Annual Report 1987
615:Annual Report 1983
459:, I.R.C, 1969, p.4
1213:"FAQ :: IRC"
1190:Philanthropedia.
1168:Philanthropedia.
784:. August 24, 2017
482:978-1-85383-794-4
320:End Water Poverty
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